阅读说明：本技术 一种多室有机固废热解反应器及其热解方法 (Multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor and pyrolysis method thereof ) 是由 陆强 胡斌 谢文銮 刘吉 李凯 杨勇平 于 2021-07-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种多室有机固废热解反应器及其热解方法,该热解反应器包括依次相连的多级反应室、钳式搅拌器、连接通道、烟道等结构,其中钳式搅拌器由旋转轴、搅拌架、钳头、隔板、搅拌叶片和加强板组成。有机固废原料按一定进料速率连续送入第一级反应室中,在钳式搅拌器的翻动下均匀受热分解,每级反应室中的热解剩余物不断经由钳式搅拌器推动,在连接通道处受相邻反应室钳式搅拌器共同的钳夹、剪切作用进行破碎,并自动进入下一级反应室继续热解,直至最后一级反应室中完全热解后排出,生成的热解气和残渣可进一步处理和利用。使用上述反应器进行无氧条件下有机固废的连续热解,可有效避免二噁英等有害物质生成,实现有机固废的无害化处理。(The invention provides a multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor and a pyrolysis method thereof. Organic solid waste raw materials are continuously fed into a first-stage reaction chamber at a certain feeding speed, are uniformly heated and decomposed under the stirring of a jaw stirrer, pyrolysis residues in each stage of reaction chamber are continuously pushed by the jaw stirrer, are crushed by the common clamping and shearing action of the jaw stirrers of adjacent reaction chambers at a connecting channel, automatically enter a next-stage reaction chamber for continuous pyrolysis, are discharged after complete pyrolysis in a last-stage reaction chamber, and generated pyrolysis gas and residues can be further treated and utilized. The reactor is used for continuous pyrolysis of organic solid waste under the anaerobic condition, so that harmful substances such as dioxin can be effectively prevented from being generated, and harmless treatment of the organic solid waste is realized.)

1. A multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor comprises a feed inlet (1), a flue gas outlet (2), a flue (3), a closed shell (4), a jaw stirrer (5), a reaction chamber (6), a connecting channel (7), a discharge hole (8), a flue gas inlet (9), an air outlet pipe (10) and a dehydration device (11); the jaw type stirrer (5) comprises a rotating shaft (501), a stirring frame (502), a binding clip (503), a partition plate (504), stirring blades (505) and a reinforcing plate (506), and is characterized in that,

the reaction chamber (6) is divided into a first-stage reaction chamber and a second-stage reaction chamber … … Nth-stage reaction chamber, each stage of reaction chamber is of a hollow revolving body structure, the reaction chambers are sequentially connected according to stages and are obliquely or horizontally arranged according to a certain angle, and the size of each stage is sequentially reduced; the adjacent two stages of reaction chambers are mutually overlapped, and the overlapped part is opened to form the connecting channel (7); a set of the jaw type stirrer (5) is arranged in each stage of reaction chamber, each set of the jaw type stirrer (5) is provided with a pair of the rotating shafts (501), and the rotating shafts respectively extend into the reaction chamber along two ends of the axis of the revolving body reaction chamber and are connected with one side of a plurality of pairs of the stirring frames (502); a plurality of pairs of stirring frames (502) are arranged on the rotating shaft (501) in a radial shape, the other side of each pair of stirring frames (502) is connected with at least one binding clip (503), and the middle parts of all the stirring frames (502) positioned at two sides of the axial line of the reaction chamber are reinforced by at least one annular reinforcing plate (506); at least one stirring blade (505) is connected between each pair of stirring frames (502), at least one blade branch is arranged on each blade, and the size of the stirring blade (505) is reduced along with the increase of the number of the reaction chambers; the tong head (503) is a tooth-shaped structure which is arranged outwards along the axial line of the reaction chamber and is divided into a longer convex tooth and a shorter concave tooth, the pointed partition plate (504) is arranged at each convex tooth position of the tong head (503), and the convex tooth and the concave tooth of the tooth-shaped tong head (503) matched with the adjacent reaction chambers can be mutually matched; the outer contour of the jaw type stirrer (5) is tightly attached to the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and when the jaw type stirrer (5) rotates to pass through the position of the connecting channel (7), the minimum distance between the jaw heads (503) of two adjacent stages of reaction chambers is continuously reduced along with the increase of the stages; outside the reaction chamber (6), a rotating shaft (501) of each set of the jaw type stirrer (5) penetrates through the closed shell (4) to be connected with a driving device, the driving device drives all the jaw type stirrers to rotate, and the positions where the rotating shaft (501), the closed shell (4) and the reaction chamber are combined are sealed by sealing devices; the flue (3) is arranged in a space between the closed shell (4) and the reaction chamber (6), an air distribution plate is arranged in the flue (3), and fins for strengthening heat exchange are arranged on the outer side of the reaction chamber (6);

the upper end of the feed inlet (1) is connected with a feeding device, and the lower end of the feed inlet is connected with an opening above the first-stage reaction chamber; the inlet of the gas outlet pipe (10) is connected to the upper part of each stage of the reaction chamber (6), wherein the gas outlet pipe of the front M stage reaction chamber is converged with the gas outlet pipe of the rear M +1 to N stages of reaction chambers after passing through the dehydration device (11), and then is connected to a combustion device or a condensing device for separating gas-liquid products; the discharge hole (8) is connected with a solid collecting device; the flue gas inlet (9) is connected with the combustion device, and the flue gas outlet (2) is connected with the purification device.

2. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, wherein the configuration of the concave or convex teeth of the tong head (503) is trapezoidal, triangular, rectangular or arc-shaped.

3. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, wherein the cusp-like structure of the partition (504) is triangular or fan-shaped tangent to the inner wall of the reactor chamber and has a width not exceeding the width of the teeth of the pincer head (503).

4. A pyrolysis method of organic solid wastes based on the multi-chamber pyrolysis reactor of organic solid wastes according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the steps of:

s1, high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion device enters a flue through a flue gas inlet to heat each stage of reaction chamber; the low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange enters a purification device through a flue gas outlet, and is emptied after purification treatment; adjusting the air distribution plate in the flue to make the reaction chambers reach proper temperature;

s2, the organic solid waste raw material in the feeding device passes through the pincer type stirrer through the feeding hole and falls into the middle part of the first-stage reaction chamber at a certain feeding speed;

s3, driving the pincer type stirrer to rotate at a proper rotating speed by the driving device, and uniformly turning over the organic solid waste raw materials in the reaction chamber; the organic solid waste raw material is heated and decomposed in the reaction chamber to generate pyrolysis gas which enters the gas outlet pipe; the residue with higher pyrolysis degree at the side close to the wall of the reaction chamber is pushed into the connecting channel by the jaw stirrer, is crushed by the common clamping and shearing action of the jaw stirrer of the adjacent reaction chamber at the position of the connecting channel, and is then sent into the next-stage reaction chamber, and the raw material with lower pyrolysis degree in the middle of the reaction chamber moves to the side close to the wall for further pyrolysis; repeating the above steps in sequence to pass through each stage of reaction chamber until the reaction chamber enters the last stage of reaction chamber;

s4, after the pyrolysis residues are completely pyrolyzed in the last stage reaction chamber, discharging the residual carbon residues and waste residues to a solid collecting device through a discharge hole;

and S5, dehydrating the pyrolysis gas discharged from the gas outlet pipe of the front M-stage reaction chamber by a dehydration device, converging the dehydrated gas with the pyrolysis gas of the rear M + 1-N-stage reaction chamber, and then feeding the gas into a combustion device for combustion or condensing to prepare a liquid product.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of harmless treatment of organic solid waste, and particularly relates to a multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor. The invention also provides a pyrolysis method using the multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor.

Background

The organic solid waste (organic solid waste) refers to solid organic matter which is produced in production, living or other activities and loses original utilization value or is discarded without losing utilization value, and mainly comprises domestic garbage, sludge, waste plastics, waste rubber, agricultural and forestry waste and the like. With the rapid development of social economy in China, more and more organic solid wastes are generated in various fields of industry, agriculture, life and the like, so that not only can a series of serious environmental pollution problems be caused, but also a large amount of resources can be wasted. Therefore, the treatment of organic solid wastes becomes a key problem related to the ecological civilization construction in China.

At present, domestic treatment of organic solid wastes still mainly depends on landfill or incineration treatment, so that the problems of serious secondary pollution, resource waste and the like exist, and the development direction of solid waste treatment established by the state is not met. Compared with the traditional mode, the pyrolysis method for treating the organic solid waste has the advantages of short treatment period, high conversion rate, obvious volume reduction effect, high-efficiency heavy metal solidification and the like, and is a technology with great application and popularization prospects in the current organic solid waste recycling treatment technology. At present, pyrolysis technologies for raw materials such as coal, biomass and the like are mature, but for general organic solid wastes such as household garbage, sludge and the like, the general organic solid wastes have high heat transfer performance and heat exchange efficiency due to large water content and poor heat conductivity and can fluctuate along with changes of weather, sources and the like, and the conventional pyrolysis device is difficult to adapt; meanwhile, the components of the organic solid waste are very complex and have large fluctuation, and the working condition can be quickly adjusted by a pyrolysis device; in addition, organic solid waste is heated and softened in the pyrolysis process and can be coked in large blocks, a certain crushing device or a bonding device is needed, and the influence on the heat exchange efficiency after the large blocks are bonded is avoided.

In the current mainstream pyrolysis reactor, although the fixed bed reactor has the advantages of large treatment capacity and strong adaptability to organic solid wastes with different components and sizes, the fixed bed reactor has uneven heat transfer, is difficult to flexibly regulate and control pyrolysis conditions, and can not overcome the problem of raw material adhesion; although the stirring type reactor can achieve uniform pyrolysis by stirring mixed materials, the stirring type reactor also has the problems of low energy utilization rate and the like caused by intermittent operation, and the poor effect of avoiding raw material bonding only by high-speed stirring is achieved; while general continuous reactors such as fluidized bed reactors, spiral reactors and the like have good heat transfer effect and flexible reaction condition regulation, but have strict requirements on components and dimensions of organic solid wastes and poor raw material adaptability. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a novel organic solid waste pyrolysis treatment device and a corresponding treatment process which can overcome the defects.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor and a pyrolysis method, and aims to solve the problems that the existing pyrolysis reaction device has low system efficiency, uneven heat transfer, poor raw material adaptability and the like, and particularly the technical problems that caking in the organic solid waste pyrolysis process is difficult to overcome and the high-efficiency treatment of organic solid waste cannot be really realized.

In order to solve the technical problems, an embodiment of the invention provides a multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor, which comprises a feeding hole, a flue gas outlet, a flue, a closed shell, a clamp type stirrer, a reaction chamber, a connecting channel, a discharging hole, a flue gas inlet, an air outlet pipe and a dehydration device, wherein the clamp type stirrer comprises a rotating shaft, a stirring frame, a clamp head, a partition plate, stirring blades and a reinforcing plate.

The reaction chamber of the whole pyrolysis reactor is provided with N stages and is divided into a first-stage reaction chamber and a second-stage reaction chamber … …, namely an Nth-stage reaction chamber, wherein each stage of reaction chamber is of a hollow rotary structure; the reaction chambers are connected in sequence according to the number of stages and can be inclined or horizontally arranged according to a certain angle, and the size of each stage is reduced in sequence; the adjacent two stages of reaction chambers are mutually overlapped, and the overlapped part is opened to form the connecting channel; a set of the jaw type stirrer is arranged in each stage of reaction chamber, each set of the jaw type stirrer is provided with a pair of the rotating shafts, and the rotating shafts respectively extend into the reaction chamber along two ends of the axis of the revolving body reaction chamber and are connected with one side of a plurality of pairs of the stirring frames; a plurality of pairs of stirring frames are arranged on the rotating shaft in a radial shape, the other side of each pair of stirring frames is connected with at least one binding clip, and the middle parts of all the stirring frames positioned at two sides of the axial line of the reaction chamber can be reinforced by at least one annular reinforcing plate; at least one stirring blade is connected between each pair of stirring frames, at least one blade branch is arranged on each blade, and the size of the stirring blade can be reduced along with the increase of the number of stages of the reaction chamber; the tong head is a dentate structure which is arranged outwards along the axial line of the reaction chamber and is divided into a longer convex tooth and a shorter concave tooth, the pointed partition plate is uniformly arranged at each convex tooth position of the tong head, and the convex tooth and the concave tooth of the dentate tong head matched with the adjacent reaction chambers can be mutually matched; the outer contour of the pincer type stirrer is tightly attached to the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and when the pincer head of the pincer type stirrer rotates to pass through the position of the connecting channel, the minimum distance between the pincer heads of the adjacent reaction chambers is continuously reduced along with the increase of the stages; the rotating shaft of each set of the jaw type stirrer penetrates through the closed shell and is connected with a driving device outside the reaction chamber, the driving device drives all the jaw type stirrers to rotate, and the positions of the rotating shaft, the closed shell and the reaction chamber are sealed by sealing devices; the flue is arranged in a space between the closed shell and the reaction chamber, an adjustable air distribution plate is arranged in the flue, and fins for strengthening heat exchange are arranged outside the reaction chamber; the upper end of the feed inlet is connected with the feeding device, and the lower end of the feed inlet is connected with an opening above the first-stage reaction chamber; the inlet of the gas outlet pipe is connected with the upper part of each stage of the reaction chamber, wherein the gas outlet pipe of the front M stage reaction chamber is converged with the gas outlet pipe of the rear M +1 to N stage reaction chambers after passing through the dehydration device, and then is connected to a combustion device or a condensing device for separating gas-liquid products; the discharge hole is connected with a solid collecting device; the flue gas inlet is connected with the combustion device, and the flue gas outlet is connected with the purification device.

Preferably, the concave tooth or convex tooth structure of the binding clip can adopt a trapezoid shape, a triangular shape, a rectangular shape or an arc shape.

Preferably, the cusp-shaped structure of the partition board can adopt a triangle or a fan shape tangent to the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and the width of the cusp-shaped structure does not exceed the width of the convex teeth of the tong head.

The embodiment of the invention also provides an organic solid waste pyrolysis method using the multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor, which comprises the following steps:

s1, high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion device enters a flue through a flue gas inlet to heat each stage of reaction chamber; the low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange enters a purification device through a flue gas outlet, and is emptied after purification treatment; adjusting the air distribution plate in the flue to make the reaction chambers reach proper temperature.

And S2, the organic solid waste raw material in the feeding device passes through the jaw type stirrer through the feeding hole and falls into the middle part of the first-stage reaction chamber at a certain feeding speed.

S3, driving the pincer type stirrer to rotate at a proper rotating speed by the driving device, and uniformly turning over the organic solid waste raw materials in the reaction chamber; the organic solid waste raw material is heated and decomposed in the reaction chamber to generate pyrolysis gas which enters the gas outlet pipe; the residue with higher pyrolysis degree at the side close to the wall of the reaction chamber is pushed into the connecting channel by the jaw stirrer, is crushed by the common clamping and shearing action of the jaw stirrer of the adjacent reaction chamber at the position of the connecting channel, and is then sent into the next-stage reaction chamber, and the raw material with lower pyrolysis degree in the middle of the reaction chamber moves to the side close to the wall for further pyrolysis; repeating the above steps in sequence to pass through each stage of reaction chamber until the reaction chamber enters the last stage of reaction chamber;

s4, after the pyrolysis residues are completely pyrolyzed in the last stage reaction chamber, discharging the residual carbon residues and waste residues to a solid collecting device through a discharge hole;

and S5, dehydrating the pyrolysis gas discharged from the gas outlet pipe of the front M-stage reaction chamber by a dehydration device, converging the dehydrated gas with the pyrolysis gas of the rear M + 1-N-stage reaction chamber, and then feeding the gas into a combustion device for combustion or condensing to prepare a liquid product.

The multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the core of a multi-chamber pyrolysis reactor with a jaw type stirrer which can be used for crushing. After entering the first-stage reaction chamber, the solid waste raw materials are stirred by a jaw stirrer to be heated and decomposed; the residue with higher pyrolysis degree at the side close to the wall of the reaction chamber is pushed into the connecting channel by the jaw stirrer, is crushed by the common clamping and shearing action of the jaw stirrer of the adjacent reaction chamber at the position of the connecting channel, and then enters the next-stage reaction chamber, and the raw material with lower pyrolysis degree in the middle of the reaction chamber moves to the side close to the wall for further pyrolysis; the pyrolysis residues enter the next-stage reaction chamber in sequence according to the steps, the pyrolysis degree is continuously improved until the last-stage reaction chamber is completely pyrolyzed, and the continuous pyrolysis process is integrally realized; and finally, discharging the carbon residue and the waste residue to a solid collecting device, and sending the pyrolysis gas to an exhaust pipe for proper dehydration and further processing and utilization. The beneficial effects include:

1. the applicability of the raw material types is wide: the method is suitable for organic solid wastes with various components and sizes, and does not need to deeply sort and crush raw materials.

2. Multi-chamber is continuous, space and heat utilization rate is high, automatic discharging: the reaction chambers are connected, the sizes of the reaction chambers are sequentially reduced according to the increase of the stages, the reactor is suitable for the process that raw materials in the reactor are heated and decomposed to be continuously reduced, and the heat and space utilization rate is high. The raw materials with higher pyrolysis degree at the side close to the wall of the reaction chamber automatically and sequentially enter the next-stage reaction chamber under the pushing action of the stirrer, the pyrolysis degree is continuously improved until the pyrolysis in the last-stage reaction chamber is complete, and the raw materials with lower pyrolysis degree in the middle of the reaction chamber move to the side close to the wall for further pyrolysis, so that the continuous pyrolysis process is integrally realized. The adjacent reaction chambers can automatically discharge materials only by utilizing the clamp type stirrer, and a valve or other auxiliary devices are not needed, so that the structure is simple.

3. The heating is uniform, and the treatment capacity is easy to expand: the reaction chamber is of a revolving body structure, the treatment capacity is easily improved by increasing the axial width, the solid waste raw materials can be continuously stirred by the aid of the axially-rotating jaw type stirrer, heat exchange is enhanced, and insufficient pyrolysis caused by uneven heating due to size expansion is prevented.

4. Separating broken raw materials and preventing large blocks from slagging: the cusp-shaped partition plate is used for separating the raw materials with higher pyrolysis degree at the side close to the wall, and the cusp-shaped clamp head and the raw materials are clamped, sheared and crushed at the connecting channel of the adjacent reaction chambers, so that large slag bonding is prevented, and the heat exchange efficiency of the raw materials is further improved. Meanwhile, the partition plate can also be used as a reinforcing rib to play a role in reinforcing the clamp head of the stirrer.

5. The pyrolysis reaction condition is convenient to regulate and control, and the adaptability to the change of organic solid waste components is strong: the working state of each reaction chamber in the pyrolysis reactor can be flexibly changed by adjusting the rotating speed of the jaw-type stirrer of each stage of reaction chamber, the temperature of flue gas generated by the combustor and the position and angle of the air distribution plate outside each stage of reaction chamber in the flue so as to adapt to the change of the components of the organic solid waste raw materials under the influence of factors such as weather change and different sources.

6. Efficient resource utilization of products: pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of the organic solid waste can be used for combustion, provides heat for the pyrolysis of the reactor, realizes an self-heating pyrolysis process, or obtains a liquid product after condensation, and is used as a liquid fuel or for further preparing chemicals. And the residual residues after pyrolysis can be further combusted and the like for resource utilization in the modes of producing building materials and the like.

7. Clean discharge: the pyrolysis process of the organic solid waste raw material is an oxygen-free process and can generate H₂And reducing components such as CO, and the like, and has low temperature and long retention time, so that the generation of harmful substances such as dioxin and the like can be effectively inhibited from the source, and the harmless treatment of organic solid wastes is realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pincer-type agitator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the movement of a pincer-type agitator between adjacent reaction chambers according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a flow chart of the steps of the organic solid waste pyrolysis method provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[ main component symbol description ]

1-a feed inlet; 2-a flue gas outlet; 3-flue; 4-sealing the shell; 5-a jaw mixer; 6-a reaction chamber; 7-connecting channels; 8-a discharge hole; 9-flue gas inlet; 10-air outlet pipe; 11-a dewatering device;

501-rotation axis; 502-stirring frame; 503-binding clip; 504-a separator; 505-stirring blades; 506-reinforcing plate.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor and a pyrolysis method, which have the characteristics of wide raw material applicability, convenience in pyrolysis regulation and control, high space and heat utilization rate, automatic discharging, capability of separating and crushing raw materials, high resource utilization of products, clean emission and the like, and can realize the continuous pyrolysis process of multiple reaction chambers.

In order to implement the above technical solution, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a feeding port 1, a flue gas outlet 2, a flue 3, a closed housing 4, a clamp-type stirrer 5, a reaction chamber 6, a connecting channel 7, a discharging port 8, a flue gas inlet 9, an air outlet pipe 10, and a dewatering device 11, where the clamp-type stirrer 5 includes a rotating shaft 501, a stirring frame 502, a clamp 503, a partition plate 504, stirring blades 505, and a reinforcing plate 506.

The reaction chamber 6 of the whole pyrolysis reactor is provided with four stages, and is divided into a first-stage reaction chamber, a second-stage reaction chamber, a third-stage reaction chamber and a fourth-stage reaction chamber, and each stage of reaction chamber is of a hollow horizontal cylindrical barrel structure; the reaction chambers are connected in sequence from the first stage to the fourth stage and are integrally arranged in an inclined way at 10 degrees; the width of the cylinder body of each stage of reaction chamber is 2500 mm, and the diameters of the cylinder bodies are sequentially decreased according to the increase of stages, and are respectively 900 mm, 700 mm, 500 mm and 300 mm; the adjacent two stages of reaction chambers are mutually overlapped, and the overlapped part is opened to form a connecting channel 7; a set of jaw type stirrer 5 is arranged in each stage of reaction chamber, each set of jaw type stirrer 5 is provided with a pair of rotating shafts 501, the rotating shafts extend into the reaction chamber along two ends of the axis of the cylinder body of the reaction chamber and are connected with one side of six pairs of stirring frames 502; the six pairs of stirring frames 502 are uniformly arranged in a radial shape on the rotating shaft 501, the other side of each pair of stirring frames 502 is connected with a binding clip 503, and the middle parts of all the stirring frames 502 positioned at the two sides of the axial line of the reaction chamber are respectively provided with an annular reinforcing plate 506 for reinforcement; a stirring blade 505 with the width of 40 mm is connected between each pair of stirring frames 502 of each reaction chamber, and blade branches with the width of 20 mm and the length of 20 mm are also arranged along the stirring blade at intervals of 200 mm in a staggered manner; the tong head 503 is a trapezoidal tooth-shaped structure which is outward along the axial line of the reaction chamber in the radial direction and is divided into convex teeth with the length of 100 mm and concave teeth with the length of 50 mm, the upper bottom is 20 mm wide, the lower bottom is 60 mm wide, and the convex teeth and the concave teeth of the tong head 503 matched with the two adjacent stages of reaction chambers can be matched with each other; a fan-shaped partition plate 504 with the width of 20 mm and the length of 100 mm is arranged at each convex tooth position of the clamp head 503; the outer contour of the pincer-type stirrer 5 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the reaction chamber, and when the pincer heads 503 of the pincer-type stirrer 5 rotate to pass through the positions of the connecting channels 7, the minimum distance between the pincer heads 503 of the adjacent reaction chambers is 10 mm, 6 mm and 3 mm along with the increase of the stages; outside the reaction chamber 6, the rotating shaft 501 of each jaw stirrer 5 passes through the closed shell 4 to be connected with the motor, the motor drives all the jaw stirrers 5 to rotate, and the position where the rotating shaft 501 is combined with the closed shell 4 and the reaction chamber 6 is sealed by a sealing device; the flue 3 is arranged in the space between the closed shell 4 and the reaction chamber 6, the adjustable air distribution plate is arranged inside the flue 3, and fins for strengthening heat exchange are arranged on the outer side of the reaction chamber 6.

The upper end of the feed inlet 1 is connected with a feeding device, and the lower end of the feed inlet is connected with an opening above the first-stage reaction chamber; the inlet of the outlet pipe 10 is connected with the upper part of each stage of reaction chamber 6, wherein the outlet pipes 10 of the first and second stage reaction chambers are merged with the outlet pipes 10 of the third and fourth stage reaction chambers after passing through a dehydration device 11, and then are connected to a combustion device for combustion for heat supply of the reactor or connected to a condensing device for separating gas-liquid products; the discharge port 8 is connected with a solid collecting device; the flue gas inlet 9 is connected with the combustion device, and the flue gas outlet 2 is connected with the purification device.

In order to better realize the technical scheme, the invention also provides a pyrolysis method based on the multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor, which is shown in fig. 4, and comprises the following steps:

s1, high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion device enters a flue through a flue gas inlet to heat each stage of reaction chamber; the low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange enters a purification device through a flue gas outlet, and is emptied after purification treatment; adjusting the air distribution plate in the flue to make the reaction chambers reach proper temperature.

And S2, the organic solid waste raw material in the feeding device passes through the jaw type stirrer through the feeding hole and falls into the middle part of the first-stage reaction chamber at a certain feeding speed.

S3, driving the pincer type stirrer to rotate at a proper rotating speed by the driving device, and uniformly turning over the organic solid waste raw materials in the reaction chamber; the organic solid waste raw material is heated and decomposed in the reaction chamber to generate pyrolysis gas which enters the gas outlet pipe; the residue with higher pyrolysis degree at the side close to the wall of the reaction chamber is pushed into the connecting channel by the jaw stirrer, is crushed by the common clamping and shearing action of the jaw stirrer of the adjacent reaction chamber at the position of the connecting channel, and is then sent into the next-stage reaction chamber, and the raw material with lower pyrolysis degree in the middle of the reaction chamber moves to the side close to the wall for further pyrolysis; repeating the above steps in sequence to pass through each stage of reaction chamber until the reaction chamber enters the last stage of reaction chamber;

s4, after the pyrolysis residues are completely pyrolyzed in the last stage reaction chamber, discharging the residual carbon residues and waste residues to a solid collecting device through a discharge hole;

and S5, dehydrating the pyrolysis gas discharged by the gas outlet pipe of the first-stage reaction chamber and the second-stage reaction chamber through a dehydration device, then merging the dehydrated pyrolysis gas with the pyrolysis gas of the third-stage reaction chamber and the fourth-stage reaction chamber, and then feeding the merged pyrolysis gas into a combustion device for combustion for supplying heat to a reactor or feeding the merged pyrolysis gas into a condensing device for preparing liquid products.

The specific operation steps are as follows:

before the organic solid waste pyrolysis reaction, firstly closing an inlet of a first-stage reaction chamber, and making high-temperature flue gas generated by a combustion device flow through a flue preheating reaction chamber; adjusting an air distribution plate, opening an inlet of a first-stage reaction chamber after each reaction chamber reaches the required temperature, starting a feeding device and a driving motor, continuously feeding the organic solid waste raw material into the first-stage reaction chamber at a certain speed, uniformly heating under the stirring of a jaw stirrer, and starting pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis gas; the residue with higher pyrolysis degree at the side close to the wall of the reaction chamber is pushed into the connecting channel by the jaw stirrer, is crushed by the common clamping and shearing action of the jaw stirrer of the adjacent reaction chamber at the position of the connecting channel, and is then sent into the next-stage reaction chamber, and the raw material with lower pyrolysis degree in the middle of the reaction chamber moves to the side close to the wall for further pyrolysis; the pyrolysis residues sequentially pass through the second-stage reaction chamber and the third-stage reaction chamber, and the pyrolysis degree is continuously improved until the pyrolysis residues are completely pyrolyzed in the fourth-stage reaction chamber; discharging the residual carbon residue and waste residue to a solid collecting device through a discharge hole for subsequent treatment and utilization; the pyrolysis gas generated in the first two stages can be dehydrated and then mixed with the pyrolysis gas generated in the second two stages, and then the mixture can be sent to a combustion device for combustion for supplying heat to a reactor, so that self-heating pyrolysis is realized, or the mixture is sent to a condensing device for separating liquid products and then used as liquid fuel or further preparing chemicals; the low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange in the flue is treated by the purifying device and then is emptied.

The process flow of organic solid waste pyrolysis using a multi-chamber organic solid waste pyrolysis reactor is described in detail below by specific examples, in which apparatuses having substantially the same structure are used in each example.

Example 1

Firstly, the temperature of each stage of reaction chamber is maintained at 450 ℃ by adjusting the temperature of hot flue gas generated by a combustion device and an air distribution plate in a flue 3; then adjusting a driving motor to maintain the rotating speed of the jaw type stirrer 5 in each stage of reaction chamber at 5 r/min; a belt conveyor is used as a feeding device, the municipal solid waste is continuously fed into the reactor at a feeding rate of 1 t/h, and is continuously heated and decomposed in each stage of reaction chamber until the pyrolysis in the fourth stage of reaction chamber is completed; the generated pyrolysis gas is dehydrated to a certain degree and then is sent to a combustion device for combustion, and the pyrolysis gas is used for supplying heat to the reactor; and finally, discharging the residual waste residues and carbon residues through a discharge port 8, and collecting in a solid collecting device. The whole device realizes the continuous pyrolysis of the household garbage under the anaerobic condition, effectively inhibits the generation and the emission of harmful substances such as dioxin and the like, has the weight reduction rate of 85.3w percent, and realizes the efficient harmless treatment.

Example 2

Firstly, the temperature of the front third-stage reaction chamber is maintained at 340 ℃ and the temperature of the fourth-stage reaction chamber is maintained at 400 ℃ by adjusting the temperature of hot flue gas generated by a combustion device and an air distribution plate in a flue 3; then adjusting a driving motor to maintain the rotating speed of the jaw type stirrer 5 in each stage of reaction chamber at 20 r/min; using a screw feeder as a feeding device, continuously feeding the compacted rice hulls into the reactor at a feeding rate of 0.4 t/h, and continuously heating and decomposing in each stage of reaction chamber until the pyrolysis in the fourth stage of reaction chamber is complete; the generated pyrolysis gas is condensed to separate gas phase and liquid phase products, and finally the residual coke is discharged through a discharge port 8 and collected in a solid collection device. Wherein the incondensable gas is dehydrated to a certain degree and then is sent into a combustion device together with coke for combustion, and is used for supplying heat to the reactor; the whole device realizes the continuous pyrolysis of the rice hulls under the anaerobic condition, effectively inhibits the generation and the discharge of harmful substances such as dioxin and the like, and realizes the efficient resource utilization of the rice hulls, and the yield of the obtained liquid phase product can reach 38.8 w%.

Example 3

Firstly, the temperature of the first two stages of reaction chambers is maintained at 400 ℃ and the temperature of the second two stages of reaction chambers is maintained at 450 ℃ by adjusting the temperature of hot flue gas generated by a combustion device and an air distribution plate in a flue 3; then adjusting a driving motor to maintain the rotating speed of the jaw type stirrer 5 in each stage of reaction chamber at 10 r/min; using a screw feeder as a feeding device, continuously feeding the waste plastics into the reactor at a feeding rate of 0.5 t/h, and continuously heating and decomposing in each stage of reaction chamber until the pyrolysis in the fourth stage reaction chamber is completed; after the generated pyrolysis gas is condensed and separated to obtain a liquid phase product, communicating non-condensable gas to another catalytic reaction furnace at 600 ℃ for producing hydrogen; the liquid phase product is sent into a combustion device for combustion and is used for supplying heat to the reactor; and finally, discharging the residual residues through a discharge hole 8, and collecting the residues in a solid collecting device. The whole device realizes the continuous pyrolysis of the waste plastics under the anaerobic condition, effectively inhibits the generation and the emission of harmful substances such as dioxin and the like, has the weight reduction rate of 93.4w percent, and realizes the efficient harmless treatment.

Example 4

Firstly, the temperature of each stage of reaction chamber is maintained at 450 ℃ by adjusting the temperature of hot flue gas generated by a combustion device and an air distribution plate in a flue 3; then adjusting a driving motor to maintain the rotating speed of the jaw type stirrer 5 in each stage of reaction chamber at 5 r/min; a belt conveyor is used as a feeding device, the waste rubber is continuously fed into the reactor at a feeding rate of 0.5 t/h, and is continuously heated and decomposed in each stage of reaction chamber until the pyrolysis in the fourth stage of reaction chamber is completed; the generated pyrolysis gas is dehydrated to a certain degree and then is sent to a combustion device for combustion, and the pyrolysis gas is used for supplying heat to the reactor; and finally, discharging the residual waste residues and carbon residues through a discharge port 8, and collecting in a solid collecting device. The whole device realizes the continuous pyrolysis of the waste rubber under the anaerobic condition, effectively inhibits the generation and the emission of harmful substances such as dioxin, has the weight reduction rate of 80.4w percent, and realizes the efficient harmless treatment.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention; unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "communicating," and the like are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable connections or integral connections; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

For the embodiments of the present invention, the common general knowledge of the known specific structures and characteristics in the schemes is not described too much; the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, technical features related to the embodiments can be combined with each other on the premise of not conflicting with each other, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention.