阅读说明：本技术 一种轮毂用高硬度铝合金材料及其制备方法 (High-hardness aluminum alloy material for hub and preparation method thereof ) 是由 张厚敏 王大龙 蒋乙明 赵冲辉 张朕 于 2021-08-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种轮毂用高硬度铝合金材料及其制备方法,属于冶金材料技术领域,该铝合金材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：第一步、按照质量百分比称取原料；第二步、将称取好的原料投入熔炼炉中,升温,待原料熔化后,保持温度恒定,熔炼2h,然后加入清渣剂,精炼45min,清渣后,加入增强剂保温30min,得到熔炼好的合金液；第三步、将熔炼好的合金液浇筑成锭,均匀化处理,冷却至室温。以增强剂作为增强相,利用增强相的直接强化及其对组织的改性作用,提升铝合金的强度、模量、耐磨性能及高温蠕变性能。增强剂引起的应变硬化,提升了轮毂用高硬度铝合金材料的性能。(The invention relates to a high-hardness aluminum alloy material for a hub and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metallurgical materials, wherein the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing raw materials according to mass percentage; secondly, putting the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace, heating, keeping the temperature constant after the raw materials are melted, smelting for 2 hours, then adding a slag removing agent, refining for 45 minutes, adding a reinforcing agent after slag removal, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes to obtain smelted alloy liquid; and thirdly, casting the smelted alloy liquid into ingots, carrying out homogenization treatment, and cooling to room temperature. The reinforcing agent is used as a reinforcing phase, and the strength, modulus, wear resistance and high-temperature creep property of the aluminum alloy are improved by directly reinforcing the reinforcing phase and modifying the structure by using the reinforcing phase. The performance of the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the hub is improved by the strain hardening caused by the reinforcing agent.)

1. A high-hardness aluminum alloy material for a hub comprises, by mass: 0.92-1.05%, Si: 11.70-13.20%, Mg: 0.29-0.45%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.12%, Sr: 0.012-0.018%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.06%, Mn: 0.27 to 0.33 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.09 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Sn and the balance of Al, and is characterized by also comprising 4 to 5 percent of reinforcing agent;

the reinforcing agent is prepared by the following steps:

step S11, mixing 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum and N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at 70 ℃ until the mixture is dissolved, and then adding xylene to mix to obtain an aluminum source liquid;

step S12, mixing polycarbosilane and xylene, stirring and dissolving, adding aluminum source liquid to obtain a mixed liquid, transferring the obtained mixed liquid to a high-pressure reaction kettle, preserving heat for 10min at 200 ℃, then heating to 280 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished, and removing xylene and N, N-dimethylformamide to obtain a precursor;

and step S13, carrying out melt spinning on the obtained precursor to obtain the reinforcing agent.

2. The high-hardness aluminum alloy material for wheel hubs according to claim 1, wherein the amount by mass ratio of 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum to N, N-dimethylformamide in step S11 is 1: 60, adding a solvent to the mixture; in the step S12, the mass ratio of the polycarbosilane to the xylene to the aluminum source liquid is 15: 30: 64.

3. the manufacturing method of the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for wheel hubs according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

firstly, weighing raw materials according to mass percentage;

secondly, putting the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace, heating the temperature in the smelting furnace to 840-860 ℃, keeping the temperature constant after the raw materials are molten, smelting for 2 hours, then adding a slag removing agent, refining for 45min, after slag removal, adding a reinforcing agent, and preserving heat for 30min to obtain smelted alloy liquid;

and thirdly, pouring the smelted alloy liquid into ingots, carrying out homogenization treatment, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the wheel hub.

4. The method for preparing the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the wheel hub as claimed in claim 3, wherein the casting temperature during casting into the ingot is 800-820 ℃, the treatment temperature during homogenization treatment is 450-480 ℃, and the treatment time is 18-20 h.

5. The preparation method of the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for wheel hubs according to claim 3, wherein the slag remover is prepared by the following steps:

step A11, calcining montmorillonite at 450 ℃ for 1h, then adding into sodium chloride aqueous solution, adding hydrochloric acid solution at 80 ℃ for ultrasonic dispersion for 10min, filtering, and drying to constant weight to obtain solid a;

and A12, grinding sodium fluoride and magnesium chloride, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, calcining at 560 ℃ for 4h, mixing with deionized water to prepare slurry, ball-milling for 30min, adding solid a, sodium fluoroaluminate and nano silicon dioxide, mixing, and drying to prepare the slag remover.

6. The preparation method of the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the wheel hub according to claim 5, wherein the slag remover comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-8 parts of sodium fluoride, 1-5 parts of magnesium chloride, 10-12 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 15-20 parts of montmorillonite and 10-15 parts of sodium fluoroaluminate.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical materials, and particularly relates to a high-hardness aluminum alloy material for a hub and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The hub is a cylindrical metal part which is used for supporting the tire by taking an axis as a center in the tire of the automobile, is an important part in an automobile running system, plays roles in bearing, steering, driving, braking and the like, and directly influences the running safety, the operation stability, the riding comfort and the like of the automobile due to the performance.

The steel hub has low strength and is easy to deform, and the vehicle can obviously vibrate at high speed, so that the service life of the vehicle is influenced; the mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy material for preparing the aluminum alloy hub plays an important role in exerting the advantages, but the mechanical strength is weak and low, so that the service life of the aluminum alloy hub can be obviously shortened, and the use risk is increased. Therefore, the mechanical strength, such as tensile strength, yield strength, compressive strength and the like, of the aluminum alloy hub needs to be effectively improved. In addition, high temperature creep restricts the service life and performance stability of the aluminum alloy in harsh environments.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-hardness aluminum alloy material for a hub and a preparation method thereof.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a high-hardness aluminum alloy material for a hub comprises, by mass: 0.92-1.05%, Si: 11.70-13.20%, Mg: 0.29-0.45%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.12%, Sr: 0.012-0.018%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.06%, Mn: 0.27-0.33%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.12%, Ni is less than or equal to 0.12%, Pb is less than or equal to 0.09%, Sn is less than or equal to 0.04%, reinforcing agent: 4-5%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.

Further, the preparation method of the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the hub comprises the following steps:

firstly, weighing raw materials according to mass percentage;

secondly, putting the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace, heating the temperature in the smelting furnace to 840-860 ℃, keeping the temperature constant after the raw materials are molten, smelting for 2 hours, then adding a slag removing agent, refining for 45min, after slag removal, adding a reinforcing agent, and preserving heat for 30min to obtain smelted alloy liquid;

and thirdly, pouring the smelted alloy liquid into ingots, carrying out homogenization treatment, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the wheel hub.

Further, the casting temperature during casting ingot is 800-820 ℃, the treatment temperature during homogenization treatment is 450-480 ℃, and the treatment time is 18-20 h.

Further, the enhancer is prepared by the following steps:

step S11, mixing 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum and N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at 70 ℃ until the mixture is dissolved, and then adding xylene to mix to obtain an aluminum source liquid;

step S12, mixing polycarbosilane and xylene, stirring and dissolving, adding aluminum source liquid to obtain mixed liquid, transferring the obtained mixed liquid into a high-pressure reaction kettle, preserving heat for 10min at 200 ℃, then heating to 280 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished, heating to 150 and 155 ℃ under the protection of argon until most of solvent is evaporated to dryness, continuing heating to 280 ℃, and removing xylene and N, N-dimethylformamide to obtain a precursor;

and step S13, carrying out melt spinning on the obtained precursor to obtain the reinforcing agent. The reinforcing agent is aluminum silicon carbide fiber, can bear high-temperature oxidation treatment and has stable performance.

Further, in the step S11, the mass ratio of the 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 60, adding a solvent to the mixture; in the step S12, the mass ratio of the polycarbosilane to the xylene to the aluminum source liquid is 15: 30: 64.

further, the temperature of the melt spinning in the step S13 is 338-340 ℃, the spinning pressure is 0.5MPa, and the yarn collecting speed is 1000 r/min.

Further, the slag remover is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-8 parts of sodium fluoride, 1-5 parts of magnesium chloride, 10-12 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 15-20 parts of montmorillonite and 10-15 parts of sodium fluoroaluminate.

Further, the slag remover is prepared by the following steps:

step A11, calcining montmorillonite at 450 ℃ for 1h, then adding into sodium chloride aqueous solution, adding hydrochloric acid solution at 80 ℃ for ultrasonic dispersion for 10min, filtering, washing the obtained filter cake with deionized water until the washing liquid is neutral, and then drying at 40 ℃ to constant weight to obtain solid a;

and A12, grinding sodium fluoride and magnesium chloride, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, calcining for 4 hours at 560 ℃, mixing with deionized water to prepare slurry, ball-milling for 30 minutes by using a ball mill at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, adding solid a, sodium fluoroaluminate and nano silicon dioxide, mixing, and drying to prepare the slag remover.

Further, in the step a11, the mass fraction of the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 8%, the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 10%, and the montmorillonite is one of sodium-based montmorillonite and magnesium-based montmorillonite. The dosage of the slag remover is 5.0 percent of the total dosage of the raw materials. In the slag remover, montmorillonite is used as a raw material, metal ions in the montmorillonite are dissolved out in a soluble salt form under an acidic condition, so that pore channels of the montmorillonite are dredged, the diffusion of adsorbate molecules is facilitated, and metal cations between layers are replaced, so that the interlayer acting force is weakened, the exchange between the cations is facilitated, and the adsorption capacity is improved.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the reinforcing agent is prepared in the process of preparing the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the hub, the reinforcing agent is used as a reinforcing phase, and the strength, the modulus, the wear resistance and the high-temperature creep property of the aluminum alloy are improved by utilizing the direct reinforcement of the reinforcing phase and the modification effect of the reinforcing phase on the structure. The performance of the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the hub is improved by the strain hardening caused by the reinforcing agent.

The slag remover is prepared in the preparation process, can remove hydrogen in aluminum alloy liquid and improve the purity of aluminum alloy, and the added sodium fluoroaluminate is a common refining agent, has a chemical structure similar to that of aluminum oxide, can improve the surface tension when contacting with an aluminum melt, promotes dissolution and further improves the effect of the slag remover.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Preparing an enhancer:

step S11, mixing 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum and N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at 70 ℃ until the mixture is dissolved, and then adding xylene to mix to obtain an aluminum source liquid; wherein the dosage mass ratio of the 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 60, adding a solvent to the mixture;

step S12, mixing polycarbosilane and xylene, stirring and dissolving, adding an aluminum source liquid to obtain a mixed liquid, transferring the obtained mixed liquid into a high-pressure reaction kettle, preserving heat for 10min at 200 ℃, then heating to 280 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished, heating to 150 ℃ under the protection of argon until most of the solvent is evaporated to dryness, continuously heating to 280 ℃, and removing xylene and N, N-dimethylformamide to obtain a precursor; wherein the dosage mass ratio of the polycarbosilane to the xylene to the aluminum source liquid is 15: 30: 64;

step S13, carrying out melt spinning on the obtained precursor to obtain a reinforcing agent; wherein the temperature of the melt spinning is 338 ℃, the spinning pressure is 0.5MPa, and the yarn collecting speed is 1000 r/min.

Example 2

Preparing an enhancer:

step S11, mixing 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum and N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at 70 ℃ until the mixture is dissolved, and then adding xylene to mix to obtain an aluminum source liquid; wherein the dosage mass ratio of the 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 60, adding a solvent to the mixture;

step S12, mixing polycarbosilane and xylene, stirring and dissolving, adding an aluminum source liquid to obtain a mixed liquid, transferring the obtained mixed liquid into a high-pressure reaction kettle, preserving heat for 10min at 200 ℃, then heating to 280 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished, heating to 155 ℃ under the protection of argon until most of the solvent is evaporated to dryness, continuously heating to 280 ℃, and removing xylene and N, N-dimethylformamide to obtain a precursor; wherein the dosage mass ratio of the polycarbosilane to the xylene to the aluminum source liquid is 15: 30: 64;

step S13, carrying out melt spinning on the obtained precursor to obtain a reinforcing agent; wherein the temperature of the melt spinning is 340 ℃, the spinning pressure is 0.5MPa, and the yarn collecting speed is 1000 r/min.

Example 3

The slag remover is prepared by the following steps:

step A11, calcining montmorillonite at 450 ℃ for 1h, then adding into sodium chloride aqueous solution, adding hydrochloric acid solution at 80 ℃ for ultrasonic dispersion for 10min, filtering, washing the obtained filter cake with deionized water until the washing liquid is neutral, and then drying at 40 ℃ to constant weight to obtain solid a; wherein the mass fraction of the sodium chloride water solution is 8%, the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 10%, and the montmorillonite is sodium montmorillonite;

and A12, grinding sodium fluoride and magnesium chloride, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, calcining for 4 hours at 560 ℃, mixing with deionized water to prepare slurry, ball-milling for 30 minutes by using a ball mill at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, adding solid a, sodium fluoroaluminate and nano silicon dioxide, mixing, and drying to prepare the slag remover. Wherein the weight parts of the substances are as follows: 3 parts of sodium fluoride, 1 part of magnesium chloride, 10 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 15 parts of montmorillonite and 10 parts of sodium fluoroaluminate.

Example 4

The slag remover is prepared by the following steps:

step A11, calcining montmorillonite at 450 ℃ for 1h, then adding into sodium chloride aqueous solution, adding hydrochloric acid solution at 80 ℃ for ultrasonic dispersion for 10min, filtering, washing the obtained filter cake with deionized water until the washing liquid is neutral, and then drying at 40 ℃ to constant weight to obtain solid a; wherein the mass fraction of the sodium chloride water solution is 8%, the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 10%, and the montmorillonite is magnesium-based montmorillonite;

and A12, grinding sodium fluoride and magnesium chloride, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, calcining for 4 hours at 560 ℃, mixing with deionized water to prepare slurry, ball-milling for 30 minutes by using a ball mill at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, adding solid a, sodium fluoroaluminate and nano silicon dioxide, mixing, and drying to prepare the slag remover. Wherein the weight parts of the substances are as follows: 8 parts of sodium fluoride, 5 parts of magnesium chloride, 12 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 20 parts of montmorillonite and 15 parts of sodium fluoroaluminate.

Example 5

A high-hardness aluminum alloy material for a hub comprises, by mass: 0.92%, Si: 11.70%, Mg: 0.29%, Ti: 0.12%, Sr: 0.012%, Cu: 0.06%, Mn: 0.27%, Zn: 0.12%, Ni: 0.12% of Pb; 0.09% of Sn; 0.04%, reinforcing agent: 4%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.

Example 6

A high-hardness aluminum alloy material for a hub comprises, by mass: 1.05%, Si: 13.20%, Mg: 0.45%, Ti: 0.007%, Sr: 0.018%, Cu: 0.005%, Mn: 0.33%, Zn: 0.020%, Ni: 0.003%, Pb: 0.001%, Sn: 0.001%, enhancer: 5%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.

Example 7

A high-hardness aluminum alloy material for a hub comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.93%, Si: 11.80%, Mg: 0.35%, Ti: 0.10%, Sr: 0.012% and Cu; 0.05%, Mn: 0.28%, Zn: 0.10%, Ni: 0.10%, Pb: 0.08%, Sn: 0.04%, reinforcing agent: 4%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.

Example 8

A high-hardness aluminum alloy material for a hub comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.98%, Si: 12.00%, Mg: 0.40%, Ti: 0.007%, Sr: 0.018%, Cu: 0.005%, Mn: 0.31%, Zn: 0.20%, Ni: 0.003%, Pb is less than or equal to 0.001%, Sn is less than or equal to 0.001%, and reinforcing agent: 5%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.

Example 9

Preparing a high-hardness aluminum alloy material for a hub:

firstly, weighing raw materials according to mass percentage;

secondly, putting the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace, heating the temperature in the smelting furnace to 840-860 ℃, keeping the temperature constant after the raw materials are molten, smelting for 2 hours, then adding a slag removing agent, refining for 45min, after slag removal, adding a reinforcing agent, and preserving heat for 30min to obtain smelted alloy liquid;

and thirdly, pouring the smelted alloy liquid into ingots, carrying out homogenization treatment, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the wheel hub.

Wherein the casting temperature during casting into ingots is 800 ℃, the treatment temperature during homogenization treatment is 450 ℃, and the treatment time is 18 h. The reinforcing agent is prepared in example 2, the slag remover is prepared in example 4, and the dosage of the materials in percentage by mass is as in example 8.

Example 10

Preparing a high-hardness aluminum alloy material for a hub:

firstly, weighing raw materials according to mass percentage;

secondly, putting the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace, heating the temperature in the smelting furnace to 840-860 ℃, keeping the temperature constant after the raw materials are molten, smelting for 2 hours, then adding a slag removing agent, refining for 45min, after slag removal, adding a reinforcing agent, and preserving heat for 30min to obtain smelted alloy liquid;

and thirdly, pouring the smelted alloy liquid into ingots, carrying out homogenization treatment, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the wheel hub.

Wherein the casting temperature in casting ingot is 820 ℃, the treatment temperature in homogenization treatment is 480 ℃, and the treatment time is 20 h. The reinforcing agent is prepared in example 2, the slag remover is prepared in example 4, and the dosage of the materials in percentage by mass is as in example 8.

Comparative example 1

Compared with the example 10, the slag remover is not used, and the rest raw materials and the preparation process are kept unchanged.

Comparative example 2

Compared with the example 10, no reinforcing agent is added, and the rest raw materials and the preparation process are kept unchanged.

Comparative example 3

Compared with the example 10, the slag remover is not used, the reinforcing agent is not added, and the rest raw materials and the preparation process are kept unchanged.

The samples prepared in examples 9 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to the tests, which included: normal temperature tensile strength, 300 ℃ high temperature tensile strength, 350 ℃ high temperature tensile strength and Rockwell hardness; testing the tensile property by using an AGS-J type electronic universal testing machine; the Rockwell hardness is tested according to the Rockwell hardness standard test method of ASTM E18-2018 metal materials, and the test results are shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1

The high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the hub prepared by the invention has good high-temperature creep property, and the hardness of the high-hardness aluminum alloy material for the hub is improved by adding the reinforcing agent.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.