阅读说明：本技术 一种桥梁支座及其更换方法 (Bridge support and replacing method thereof ) 是由 傅战工 张金涛 万田保 张晓勇 于 2021-08-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种桥梁支座及其更换方法,其包括：下支座,所述下支座开设有更换槽,所述更换槽内安装有可拆卸的推块；上支座,所述下支座与所述上支座之间形成活动空间,所述活动空间与所述更换槽连通；以及滚动体,所述滚动体安装于所述下支座的上表面,且所述滚动体与所述上支座的下表面相接触；当所述推块移出所述更换槽时,部分所述滚动体可进入所述更换槽；当所述推块安装于所述更换槽内时,所述滚动体可在所述活动空间内来回滚动。由于滚动体可滚动,滚动相比滑动摩擦更小,可以实现桥面与桥墩间的大位移,由于更换槽只允许部分滚动体落入,可以在更换部分滚动体时,其他滚动体保持支撑上支座,因此可以实现免顶升更换桥梁支座。(The invention relates to a bridge bearing and a replacing method thereof, comprising the following steps: the lower support is provided with a replacement groove, and a detachable push block is arranged in the replacement groove; the upper support is provided with a movable space, and the movable space is communicated with the replacement groove; the rolling body is arranged on the upper surface of the lower support and is in contact with the lower surface of the upper support; when the push block moves out of the replacement groove, part of the rolling bodies can enter the replacement groove; when the push block is arranged in the replacing groove, the rolling body can roll back and forth in the moving space. Because the rolling element can roll, it is littleer to roll to compare sliding friction, can realize the big displacement between bridge floor and pier, because change the groove and only allow partial rolling element to fall into, can be when changing partial rolling element, other rolling elements keep supporting the upper bracket, consequently can realize exempting from the jacking and change the bridge beam supports.)

1. A bridge bearer, characterized in that it comprises:

the device comprises a lower support (1) used for connecting and supporting a cushion stone, wherein a replacement groove (2) is formed in the upper surface of the lower support (1), a detachable push block (3) is installed in the replacement groove (2), and the push block (3) can freely slide in the replacement groove (2);

the upper support (4) is used for connecting the bottom surface of the bridge and is positioned above the lower support (1), a movable space is formed between the lower support (1) and the upper support (4), and the movable space is communicated with the replacement groove (2);

the rolling body (5) is mounted on the upper surface of the lower support (1), and the rolling body (5) is in contact with the lower surface of the upper support (4) so that the rolling body (5) is positioned in the moving space;

when the push block (3) moves out of the replacement groove (2), part of the rolling bodies (5) can be separated from the upper support (4) and enter the replacement groove (2); when the push block (3) is arranged in the replacing groove (2), the rolling body (5) can roll back and forth in the moving space.

2. The bridge bearer of claim 1, wherein:

the rolling body (5) can roll along the required displacement direction of the bridge, and the extension direction of the replacement groove (2) is vertical to the displacement direction of the bridge;

when the bridge has a plurality of displacement directions, the extension direction of the replacement groove (2) is vertical to the direction of large bridge displacement.

3. The bridge bearer of claim 1, wherein:

the push block (3) comprises a plane push block (6), and when the plane push block (6) is arranged in the replacement groove (2), the upper surface of the plane push block (6) is coplanar with the upper surface of the lower support (1).

4. The bridge bearer of claim 3, wherein:

the push block (3) further comprises a concave push block (7), when the concave push block (7) is installed on the replacement groove (2), the upper surface of the concave push block (7) is in smooth transition with the upper surface of the lower support (1), and the upper surface of the concave push block (7) is a concave smooth curved surface.

5. The bridge bearer of claim 1, wherein:

limiting grooves (8) are formed in the lower surface of the upper support (4), the limiting grooves (8) are communicated with the moving space, the rolling bodies (5) are contained in the limiting grooves (8), and convex hulls are arranged between every two adjacent limiting grooves (8).

6. The bridge bearer of claim 1, wherein:

the lower surface of upper bracket (4) is provided with baffle (9), the bottom surface of baffle (9) is less than the bottom surface of upper bracket (4), baffle (9) are located the outside of activity space.

7. The bridge bearer of claim 1, wherein:

the lower support (1) comprises a mirror surface plate (10) located on the top surface of the lower support (1), the top surface of the mirror surface plate (10) is a mirror surface, and simultaneously, the bottom surface of the upper support (4), the outer surface of the rolling body (5) and the top surface of the push block (3) are mirror surfaces.

8. The bridge bearer of claim 1, wherein:

the opening width of the replacement groove (2) is larger than the diameter of the rolling body (5), and the opening width of the replacement groove (2) is smaller than the sum of the diameters of the two rolling bodies (5).

9. A method for replacing a bridge support according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

drawing the push block (3) out of the replacement groove (2) to enable part of the rolling bodies (5) to be replaced which are positioned right above the replacement groove (2) to enter the replacement groove (2);

taking out the rolling bodies (5) entering the replacement groove (2) from one side of the replacement groove (2);

and (3) loading the push block (3) and the new rolling body (5) into the replacement groove (2), wherein the new rolling body (5) is placed on the upper surface of the push block (3).

10. The replacement method according to claim 9, wherein said extracting the push block (3) from the replacement slot (2) to bring the rolling bodies (5) to be replaced, which are partially located directly above the replacement slot (2), into the replacement slot (2), comprises the steps of:

when the gravity center of the rolling body (5) to be replaced moves to the push block (3), the push block (3) is drawn out, and the rolling body (5) to be replaced falls into the replacement groove (2);

otherwise, the bridge is waited for to be displaced until the gravity center of the rolling body (5) to be replaced moves to the push block (3).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge supports, in particular to a bridge support and a replacing method thereof.

Background

At present, a bridge support is arranged between an upper structure and an abutment of a bridge, and the purpose of the bridge support is to transmit the supporting counter force of the upper structure, including vertical force and horizontal force caused by constant load and live load; meanwhile, the structure can be freely deformed under the action of factors such as live load, temperature change, concrete shrinkage and creep, and the like, so that the actual stress conditions of the upper and lower structures conform to the static diagram of the structure.

In the related technology, in order to meet the relative displacement between the upper structure of the bridge and the abutment, a polytetrafluoroethylene sliding plate or a greased sliding surface and other modes are adopted in the bridge support, so that the requirement of sliding between the upper seat and the lower seat of the bridge support is met.

However, the sliding can consume grease or the surface layer of the sliding plate, the support needs to be replaced when the sliding plate is worn to a certain degree, and the bridge deck needs to be lifted when the support is replaced, so that traffic on the bridge is hindered, and the bridge deck can be damaged.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a bridge support and a replacing method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the related art, grease or the surface layer of a sliding plate is lost due to sliding, the support needs to be replaced when the support is worn to a certain degree, and a bridge deck needs to be lifted when the support is replaced, so that traffic on a bridge is hindered, and the bridge deck is possibly damaged.

In a first aspect, a bridge bearer is provided, comprising: the lower support is used for connecting and supporting the cushion stone, a replacement groove is formed in the upper surface of the lower support, a detachable push block is installed in the replacement groove, and the push block can freely slide in the replacement groove; the upper support is used for connecting the bottom surface of the bridge and is positioned above the lower support, a movable space is formed between the lower support and the upper support, and the movable space is communicated with the replacement groove; the rolling body is arranged on the upper surface of the lower support and is in contact with the lower surface of the upper support, so that the rolling body is positioned in the movable space; when the push block moves out of the replacing groove, part of the rolling bodies can be separated from the upper support to enter the replacing groove; when the push block is arranged in the replacing groove, the rolling body can roll back and forth in the moving space.

In some embodiments, the rolling body can roll along the displacement direction of the bridge, and the extension direction of the replacement groove is perpendicular to the displacement direction of the bridge; when the bridge has a plurality of displacement directions, the extension direction of the replacement groove is perpendicular to the direction of large displacement of the bridge.

In some embodiments, the push block comprises a planar push block, and an upper surface of the planar push block is coplanar with an upper surface of the lower support when the planar push block is installed in the replacement groove.

In some embodiments, the push block further comprises a concave push block, when the replacement groove is provided with the concave push block, the upper surface of the concave push block is in smooth transition with the upper surface of the lower support, and the upper surface of the concave push block is a concave smooth curved surface.

In some embodiments, the lower surface of the upper support is provided with a limiting groove, the limiting groove is communicated with the moving space, the rolling element is accommodated in the limiting groove, and a convex hull is arranged between two adjacent limiting grooves.

In some embodiments, a baffle is arranged on the lower surface of the upper support, the bottom surface of the baffle is lower than the bottom surface of the upper support, and the baffle is positioned outside the activity space.

In some embodiments, the lower support comprises a mirror surface plate located on the top surface of the lower support, the top surface of the mirror surface plate is a mirror surface, and the bottom surface of the upper support, the outer surface of the rolling body and the top surface of the push block are all mirror surfaces.

In some embodiments, the replacement groove has an opening width greater than a diameter of the rolling bodies, and the opening width of the replacement groove is less than a sum of the diameters of the two rolling bodies.

In a second aspect, a method for replacing a bridge bearer is provided, which comprises the following steps: drawing the push block out of the replacement groove, so that part of the rolling bodies to be replaced, which are positioned right above the replacement groove, enter the replacement groove; taking out the rolling bodies entering the replacement groove from one side of the replacement groove; and loading the push block and the new rolling body into the replacement groove, wherein the new rolling body is placed on the upper surface of the push block.

In some embodiments, the withdrawing the push block from the replacement slot to make the rolling elements to be replaced partially located right above the replacement slot enter the replacement slot includes the following steps: when the gravity center of the rolling body to be replaced moves to the push block, the push block is drawn out, and the rolling body to be replaced falls into the replacement groove; otherwise, the bridge is waited to be displaced until the gravity center of the rolling body to be replaced moves to the push block.

The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the embodiment of the invention provides a bridge bearing and a replacing method thereof, because the rolling bodies are arranged between the upper bearing and the lower bearing, the rolling among the lower bearing, the upper bearing and the rolling bodies can be realized, because the friction coefficient of rolling friction is smaller than that of sliding friction under the action of the same roughness and the same pressure on the contact surface, the friction force during the displacement of the bridge can be reduced through the rolling bodies, the large displacement motion between the bridge deck and the pier can be realized, because the lower support is provided with the replacing grooves which allow part of the rolling bodies to be separated from the upper support, when the push block is taken out, part of the rolling bodies fall into the replacing grooves, and other rolling bodies keep supporting the upper support, and then the rolling bodies falling into the replacing grooves are replaced by new rolling bodies, so that the rolling bodies can be updated without jacking the bridge deck, therefore, the jacking of the bridge deck can be avoided when the bridge support is replaced, and the requirement for large displacement of the bridge deck can be met.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bridge bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention in an operating state;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a bridge bearer according to an embodiment of the present invention when a push block is pulled out;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a plane push block of a bridge support according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a concave pushing block of a bridge support according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a bridge support in the maximum displacement direction of a bridge according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a bridge support at a maximum displacement position of a bridge according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a shifting rolling element of a bridge bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a bridge support with a rolling element replaced according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a flowchart of a method for replacing a bridge bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1. a lower support; 2. replacing the groove; 3. a push block; 4. an upper support; 5. a rolling body; 6. a plane push block; 7. a concave push block; 8. a limiting groove; 9. a baffle plate; 10. mirror panel.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides a bridge support, which can solve the technical problems that grease or a sliding plate surface layer is lost due to sliding, the support needs to be replaced when the support is worn to a certain degree, and a bridge floor needs to be jacked when the support is replaced, so that traffic on a bridge is hindered, and the bridge floor is possibly damaged.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a bridge bearer provided by the present invention includes: the lower support 1 is used for connecting and supporting the cushion stone, the upper surface of the lower support 1 is provided with a replacement groove 2, a detachable push block 3 is arranged in the replacement groove 2, and the push block 3 can freely slide in the replacement groove 2; the upper support 4 is used for connecting the bottom surface of the bridge and is positioned above the lower support 1, a movable space is formed between the lower support 1 and the upper support 4, and the movable space is communicated with the replacement groove 2; the rolling body 5 is arranged on the upper surface of the lower support 1, and the rolling body 5 is in contact with the lower surface of the upper support 4, so that the rolling body 5 is positioned in the moving space; when the push block 3 moves out of the replacing groove 2, part of the rolling bodies 5 can be separated from the upper support 4 and enter the replacing groove 2; when the push block 3 is arranged in the replacing groove 2, the rolling body 5 can roll back and forth in the moving space, in the embodiment, the top surface of the push block 3 can be smoothly connected with the top surface of the lower support 1 after the push block 3 is arranged in the replacing groove 2, in other embodiments, the top surface of the push block 3 can be slightly lower than the bottom surface of the lower support 1, under the condition that the rolling body 5 is not influenced, a gap is left between the rolling body 5 and the upper support 4 to facilitate the replacement of the rolling body 5, the rolling replaces the sliding of the original structure, because the rolling friction is smaller than the sliding under the same condition, under the condition that the upper support and the lower support are relatively displaced, the limit between the upper support and the lower support is less, the requirement of large displacement of a bridge can be met, because the moving space between the replacing groove 2 and the upper support and the lower support is communicated, after the push block 3 is moved out, a part of the rolling body 5 can enter the replacing groove 2, the push block 3 can be taken out when the old rolling body 5 is arranged above the push block 3, let the rolling element 5 that needs to be changed fall into and change groove 2, later the rethread is changed groove 2 and is realized packing into the change work that new rolling element 5 realized the support, because only partial rolling element 5 can get into and change groove 2, other rolling element 5 continues to play the effect that supports upper bracket 4 at the activity space, can select sufficient quantity of rolling element 5 when the design, satisfy and not influence the normal use of bridge beam supports under the condition that lacks partial rolling element 5, change rolling element 5 under the condition of not jacking bridge floor, guarantee the normal operating of bridge, reduce the damage to the bridge that is brought by the jacking simultaneously.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some alternative embodiments, the rolling elements 5 can roll along the displacement direction of the bridge, and the extension direction of the replacement groove 2 can be perpendicular to the displacement direction of the bridge; when the bridge has a plurality of displacement directions, the extension direction of the replacement groove 2 can be perpendicular to the direction of the bridge with large displacement, in this embodiment, the rolling body 5 is a sphere which can roll along each direction to realize displacement in each direction, in other embodiments, the rolling body 5 can also be a rolling shaft which rolls along the maximum displacement direction of the bridge, according to the actual situation, the displacement amount of the bridge in different directions can be different, generally, the bridge displacement in the longitudinal bridge direction is larger than that in the transverse bridge direction, the rolling body 5 can roll along the direction of the maximum displacement, the actual large displacement requirement in the direction can be met, meanwhile, because the rolling body 5 can roll along the direction, the displacement change of the rolling body 5 in the direction is more frequent and severe, the extension direction of the replacement groove 2 is set to be perpendicular to the maximum displacement direction of the bridge, more rolling bodies 5 can pass through the same replacement groove 2, the number of the replacement grooves 2 can be reduced within the same distance, and the strength reduction of the lower support 1 caused by the over-dense grooving is reduced.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in some alternative embodiments, the push block 3 may include a planar push block 6, when the planar push block 6 is installed in the replacement groove 2, an upper surface of the planar push block 6 may be coplanar with an upper surface of the lower support 1, the push block 3 includes the planar push block 6, when in normal use, a gap between the upper support and the lower support is the same, and the rolling bodies 5 on the lower support 1 and the rolling bodies 5 on the planar push block 6 are subjected to the same compression deformation, so that uniform stress between the rolling bodies 5 can be ensured to the maximum extent.

Referring to fig. 4, in some alternative embodiments, the push block 3 may further include a concave push block 7, when the concave push block 7 is installed in the replacement slot 2, an upper surface of the concave push block 7 is in smooth transition with an upper surface of the lower support 1, and an upper surface of the concave push block 7 is a concave smooth curved surface, by providing a concave surface lower than an upper plane of the lower support 1, a gap can be ensured between the rolling body 5 and a bottom surface of the upper support 4 when the rolling body 5 is replaced, so that the rolling body 5 can conveniently enter a moving space along the concave push block 7, and the speed of replacing the rolling body 5 is increased.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some alternative embodiments, a limiting groove 8 may be formed in a lower surface of the upper support 4, the limiting groove 8 is communicated with the moving space, the rolling elements 5 are accommodated in the limiting groove 8, and a convex hull is disposed between two adjacent limiting grooves 8, that is, the limiting groove 8 and the convex hull are used to space the rolling elements 5, and the rolling elements 5 are pushed by the convex hull, which is helpful for realizing rolling of the rolling elements 5.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in some alternative embodiments, a baffle 9 is disposed on a lower surface of the upper support 4, a bottom surface of the baffle 9 is lower than a bottom surface of the upper support 4, the baffle 9 is located outside the activity space, the rolling element 5 is prevented from rolling out of the upper support 4 by the baffle 9, the baffle 9 may be detachably disposed around the upper support 4, the baffle 9 is additionally disposed during normal use, when the rolling element 5 needs to be replaced, the baffle 9 is detached to facilitate detaching and attaching the rolling element 5, in this embodiment, a limiting boss is disposed on an edge position of the lower support 1 to limit a moving displacement range of the upper support 4, and the upper support 4 is prevented from moving out of the lower support 1.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some alternative embodiments, the lower support 1 may include a mirror plate 10 located on the top surface of the lower support 1, the top surface of the mirror plate 10 may be a mirror surface, and simultaneously, the bottom surface of the upper support 4, the outer surface of the rolling body 5, and the top surface of the push block 3 are all mirror surfaces, in this embodiment, the mirror plate 10 is made of mirror stainless steel, in other embodiments, the mirror plate 10 may also be a mirror surface body made of other materials, and each surface in rolling contact is mirror-processed, so as to reduce the friction coefficient between the rolling body 5 and the upper and lower supports, enable the rolling body to normally roll under a large load condition, and simultaneously, the mirror-processing reduces friction, reduces wear between the rolling body 5 and the upper and lower supports and the push block 3, and improves the service life.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some alternative embodiments, the opening width of the replacement slot 2 may be greater than the diameter of the rolling bodies 5, and the opening width of the replacement slot 2 is smaller than the sum of the diameters of the two rolling bodies 5, that is, the cross section of the replacement slot 2 only allows one rolling body to fall down, and since the rolling bodies 5 are uniformly separated by the limiting slot 8, it is possible to replace one row of rolling bodies 5 at a time, which facilitates recording the replacement condition of the rolling bodies 5, and reduces the occurrence of missing replacement or repeated replacement.

Referring to fig. 1 to 9, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for replacing a bridge support, where the method includes the following steps: s1, drawing the push block 3 out of the replacement groove 2 to make part of the rolling bodies 5 to be replaced positioned right above the replacement groove 2 enter the replacement groove 2; s2, taking the rolling body 5 entering the replacement groove 2 out of one side of the replacement groove 2; s3, a push block 3 and a new rolling body 5 are put into a replacement groove 2, wherein the new rolling body 5 is placed on the upper surface of the push block 3, namely, the push block 3 is drawn out to enable the replacement groove 2 to allow the rolling body 5 to be replaced to fall into, after part of the rolling body 5 to be replaced falls into the replacement groove 2, the rolling body 5 is pushed out by the push block 3 or the rolling body 5 is taken out in other modes, then the new rolling body 5 is placed on the push block 3 and pushed into the replacement groove 2 together to realize the alternation of the new rolling body 5 and the old rolling body 5, because only part of the rolling body 5 to be replaced is replaced at one time in the replacement process, a bridge can be supported by other rolling bodies 5 still in the moving space, the effect of replacing the support without jacking is achieved, and all the rolling bodies 5 to be replaced are finally replaced by repeating the above steps, in the embodiment, the push block 3 comprises a plane push block 6 and a concave push block 7, when in normal use, the plane push block 6 is adopted to support the rolling bodies 5, when in replacement, the plane push block 6 is pulled out, the rolling bodies 5 to be replaced above the plane push block fall into the replacement groove 2, the rolling bodies 5 to be replaced can be placed in the grooves of the concave push block 7, the concave push block 7 and the rolling bodies 5 above the concave push block are pushed to enter the replacement groove 2, so that the rolling bodies 5 in one row are replaced, when the next row is replaced, the concave push block 7 with the rolling bodies 5 to be replaced is pushed out of the replacement groove 2, so that the rolling bodies 5 in the next row are updated, the plane push block 6 is pushed into the replacement groove 2 until all the rolling bodies 5 to be replaced are replaced, the concave push block 7 in the replacement groove 2 is extruded, so that the replacement work of the whole support rolling bodies 5 is finally completed, in the embodiment, when the new rolling bodies 5 are replaced, the baffle plate 9 can be firstly removed, so that the rolling bodies 5 with the push block 3 normally enter the moving space and are not blocked by the baffle plate 9, in this embodiment, when the pushing block 3 is pulled out and the pushing block 3 is pushed in, a supporting pad can be padded at the bottom of the end, extending out, of the pushing block 3, so that the pushing block 3 is prevented from being lifted by hand during pulling, the stability of the pushing block 3 is maintained when the rolling elements 5 are replaced, and the labor intensity of a replacing worker is reduced.

Referring to fig. 1 to 9, in some alternative embodiments, S1, the pushing block 3 is drawn out of the replacement slot 2, so that the rolling bodies 5 to be replaced partially located right above the replacement slot 2 enter the replacement slot 2, and the method comprises the following steps: when the gravity center of the rolling body 5 to be replaced moves to the push block 3, the push block 3 is drawn out, so that the rolling body 5 to be replaced falls into the replacement groove 2; otherwise, the bridge displacement is waited for, until the gravity center of the rolling element 5 to be replaced moves to the push block 3, that is, before the push block 3 is pulled out, whether the rolling element 5 to be replaced is above the push block 3 is observed, and only when the gravity center of the rolling element 5 to be replaced is above the push block 3, the push block 3 is pulled out, so that unnecessary labor is avoided, and the replaced rolling element 5 is pulled out.

The principles of the bridge bearing and the replacement method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention are as follows:

because the support includes rolling element 5, can allow rolling element 5 to roll in the activity space between upper and lower support, under the same condition, frictional force is less than sliding friction, can satisfy the big displacement demand of bridge, because the bridge beam supports includes upper bracket 4, lower carriage 1 and sets up change groove 2 on lower carriage 1, change groove 2 and activity space communicate with each other, and allow rolling element 5 to fall into wherein and in upper bracket 4 separation, can allow rolling element 5 to realize changing through changing groove 2, under the condition that only partial rolling element 5 can fall into and change groove 2, rolling element 5 continues to play the effect of supporting the bridge beam supports between upper and lower support, can satisfy and change rolling element 5 and be the mesh that not jacking the bridge, can allow the normal traffic of vehicle above the bridge, and reduce the damage of the bridge main part because the bridge jacking leads to.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

It is to be noted that, in the present invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.