阅读说明：本技术 太阳能微型燃气轮机系统 (Solar micro gas turbine system ) 是由 肖刚 帅威 陈金利 倪明江 骆仲泱 岑可法 于 2021-03-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种太阳能微型燃气轮机系统,包括压气机、回热器、带有采光孔的太阳能高温空气吸热器、燃烧室、燃气透平、换热器、冷凝器、给水泵、水工质吸热器,空气由压气机吸入增压后,与水工质吸热器加热后的蒸汽一起进入回热器的空气侧进口,回热器预热的空气蒸汽混合气体进入太阳能高温空气吸热器进一步加热后进入燃烧室。传统燃气轮机系统和太阳能发电系统的结合,充分利用了太阳能高温空气吸热器采光孔周围的能量,提高了吸热器的截断效率和太阳能利用率,减少了燃料的消耗,同时也解决了太阳能发电单一系统供电的间歇性问题。(The invention discloses a solar energy micro gas turbine system, which comprises a gas compressor, a heat regenerator, a solar energy high temperature air heat absorber with a lighting hole, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a water feeding pump and a hydraulic heat absorber. The combination of the traditional gas turbine system and the solar power generation system fully utilizes the energy around the lighting hole of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber, improves the cut-off efficiency and the solar energy utilization rate of the heat absorber, reduces the fuel consumption, and simultaneously solves the intermittent problem of power supply of a single solar power generation system.)

1. A solar energy micro gas turbine system is characterized by comprising a gas compressor, a heat regenerator, a solar energy high-temperature air heat absorber with a lighting hole, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a water feeding pump and a water working medium heat absorber,

the air compressor, the air side inlet of the heat regenerator, the combustion chamber and the inlet of the gas turbine are sequentially connected, the solar high-temperature air heat absorber is selectively communicated with a passage formed by sequentially connecting the solar high-temperature air heat absorber and the combustion chamber,

the outlet of the gas turbine, the flue gas side inlet of the heat regenerator, the flue gas side of the heat exchanger, the condenser, the feed pump, the water working medium heat absorber and the air side of the heat regenerator are sequentially connected,

air is sucked into the air compressor for pressurization, and then enters the air side inlet of the heat regenerator together with steam heated by the water working medium heat absorber, and then enters the solar high-temperature air heat absorber through air-steam mixed gas preheated by the heat regenerator, and finally enters the combustion chamber after being heated by the solar high-temperature air heat absorber.

2. The solar micro gas turbine system according to claim 1, further comprising three open valves for controlling opening and closing of a passage between the air inlet of the regenerator, the solar high-temperature air heat absorber, and the combustion chamber, respectively.

3. The solar micro gas turbine system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an on-off valve controlling opening and closing of a passage between the water dielectric heat absorber and an air-side inlet of the regenerator.

4. The solar micro gas turbine system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a working medium pump, an additional gas turbine, and an additional condenser, wherein the working medium pump, the heat exchanger, the additional gas turbine, and the additional condenser are connected in sequence.

5. The solar micro gas turbine system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water working medium heat absorber surrounds the daylight opening of the solar high temperature air heat absorber.

6. The solar micro gas turbine system of claim 5, wherein the water working fluid heat absorber is an annular steam heat absorber tube.

7. The solar micro gas turbine system of claim 1, wherein the solar high temperature air heat absorber is a tubular or positive displacement heat absorber.

8. The solar micro gas turbine system of claim 1, wherein the passageway is formed as a tube having an insulation layer.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, in particular to a solar micro gas turbine system.

Background

Natural gas power generation is one of the most stable distributed energy supply modes, however, natural gas resources are non-renewable energy sources which are easy to consume, and combustion of the natural gas resources often generates a large amount of CO₂And CO, which adversely affects the environment. There is a need to try to develop and use some renewable clean energy sources as a substitute or supplement to natural gas.

Solar energy is the best renewable energy which is inexhaustible and inexhaustible all over the world, and the development and utilization of the solar energy which is clean and pollution-free renewable energy has important significance for relieving the pressure of fossil energy, the pressure of environmental pollution and the like at present. The solar thermal power generation technology is characterized in that solar thermal energy is converted into electric energy, three utilization modes of a tower type, a groove type and a disc type are mainly adopted, but the direct solar thermal power generation efficiency is low, wherein the efficiency of a tower type photo-thermal power generation system is 15% -20%, and a large amount of photo-thermal conversion energy is not utilized. In addition, the solar thermal power generation system alone cannot provide energy at night or on rainy days. Therefore, it is contemplated that solar energy collection may be combined with other power generation systems, such as gas turbine power generation systems, to supplement each other and thereby improve overall power generation capacity and power generation stability.

The gas turbine power generation system has the advantages of high efficiency, quick start, good peak regulation performance, short construction period, small occupied area, low water consumption, low environmental pollution and the like, and particularly, the micro gas turbine power generation system (25-500 kW) is more flexible in distribution and better in operability. However, due to the problem of natural gas raw material supply, the gas turbine power generation technology is restricted to a certain extent. Therefore, minimizing fuel consumption while maintaining system efficiency and power facilitates wider use of gas turbine power generation systems. Therefore, the solar heat collection is combined with the gas turbine power generation system, and the solar radiation energy is used for replacing part of the required fuel heat energy, so that the fuel quantity required by the gas turbine power generation system can be reduced.

However, the existing solar power generation system, for example, a tower-type photo-thermal power generation system, mainly comprises a light condensing system, a heat absorbing system, a heat storage system, a secondary circuit heat exchange system, a power generation system, and the like. For a light condensing system, in the experimental process, it is found that sunlight reflected by a heliostat field is difficult to be completely focused to a central area, and partial light condensing truncation loss exists around a light collecting hole of a solar high-temperature air heat absorber. In addition, in the gas turbine power generation system, high-temperature exhaust gas discharged by the gas turbine is directly discharged after passing through the heat regenerator, and the high-temperature exhaust gas also has more heat, so that the energy conversion rate is lower.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a solar micro gas turbine system which can further fully utilize solar energy with low energy flow density and partial heat of high-temperature waste gas discharged by a gas turbine after the high-temperature waste gas passes through a heat regenerator, so that the maximum utilization of energy is realized.

The solar micro gas turbine system includes: a gas compressor, a heat regenerator, a solar high-temperature air heat absorber with a lighting hole, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a water feeding pump and a water working medium heat absorber, the air compressor, the air side inlet of the heat regenerator, the combustion chamber and the inlet of the gas turbine are connected in sequence, the solar high-temperature air heat absorber is selectively communicated with a passage formed by connecting in sequence, the outlet of the gas turbine, the flue gas side inlet of the heat regenerator, the flue gas side of the heat exchanger, the condenser, the water feeding pump, the water working medium heat absorber and the air side of the heat regenerator are connected in sequence, after air is sucked and pressurized by the air compressor, the steam heated by the water working medium heat absorber enters an air side inlet of the heat regenerator together, and the air-steam mixed gas preheated by the heat regenerator enters the solar high-temperature air heat absorber and enters the combustion chamber after being heated by the solar high-temperature air heat absorber.

According to the technical scheme, the solar high-temperature air heat absorber is added in the circulation of the gas turbine system, so that the temperature of air entering a combustion chamber is increased, and the water working medium air heat absorber is added, so that the energy around a lighting hole of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber can be fully utilized, the cutoff efficiency and the solar utilization rate of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber are improved, and the consumption of fuel is reduced; in addition, the excessive temperature of the combustion chamber is reduced by reinjecting steam, the excessive air intake can be reduced, the emission of the combustion chamber is reduced, the power consumption of the air compressor is reduced, the specific power and the peak regulation capacity of the system are improved, the problems of low energy utilization rate of a heat absorption system and low single solar thermal power generation efficiency in a tower type photo-thermal power generation system are solved, the power generation efficiency and the energy utilization rate of a gas turbine system are improved, the peak regulation capacity of the system is improved simultaneously, and the comprehensive utilization of multiple energy sources is realized

Preferably, the solar micro gas turbine system further includes three open valves, and the three open valves control opening and closing of passages with the air-side inlet of the regenerator, the solar high-temperature air heat absorber, and the combustion chamber, respectively. According to this aspect, when there is no solar power generation condition on a cloudy day or at night, the circulation circuit of the gas turbine system is adjusted by opening and closing the three-way valve, thereby achieving a continuous power generation effect.

Preferably, the solar micro gas turbine system further comprises a switch valve for controlling the opening and closing of the passage between the water working medium heat absorber and the air side inlet of the heat regenerator. According to the technical scheme, the circulation loop of the solar micro gas turbine system is adjusted by matching with the three-way valve, and the on-off valve is closed when the solar power generation condition is not met, so that the steam circulation loop of the water working medium heat absorber leading to the heat regenerator is cut off.

Preferably, the solar micro gas turbine system further comprises a working medium pump, an additional gas turbine and an additional condenser, wherein the working medium pump, the heat exchanger, the additional gas turbine and the additional condenser are sequentially connected. According to this aspect, the organic rankine cycle is added to the circuit of the solar micro gas turbine system, and the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine is further utilized to perform secondary power generation, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency.

Preferably, the water working medium heat absorber is surrounded around the lighting hole of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber. According to the technical scheme, the water-medium heat absorber is arranged around the lighting hole, so that energy lost by partial condensation and truncation around the lighting hole of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber can be utilized, and the energy conversion rate of the solar micro gas turbine is further improved.

Preferably, the water working medium heat absorber is an annular steam heat absorbing pipe. The annular steam heat absorption pipe can absorb heat around the lighting hole of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber, and further heats the water medium. Through setting up the annular, can increase the area of contact of steam heat-absorbing pipe and solar energy high temperature air heat absorber in the water working medium heat absorber to, the annular duct route is longer, is favorable to prolonging heating time, makes the heating effect better.

Preferably, the solar high-temperature air heat absorber is a tubular heat absorber or a positive displacement heat absorber. According to the technical scheme, a user can select according to actual conditions, wherein the tubular heat absorber is provided with multiple tubes for absorbing and storing heat, so that the temperature is increased more quickly; the positive displacement heat absorber has a larger heat storage capacity.

Preferably, the passage is formed as a pipe having an insulating layer. According to the technical scheme, the pipeline with the heat-insulating layer can reduce the dissipation of energy in the working medium transmission process to a greater extent, so that the utilization rate of the energy is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a solar micro gas turbine system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a solar high-temperature air heat absorber and a water-based working medium heat absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a hot water working medium absorber in an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1-compressor 2-heat regenerator 3-three-valve 4-solar high-temperature air heat absorber

5-combustion chamber 6-gas turbine 7-condenser 8-water feeding pump 9-water working medium heat absorber

10-switching valve 11-working medium pump 12-heat exchanger 13-additional gas turbine

14-additional condenser 15-steam heat absorption pipe 16-lighting hole 17-inlet header

18-air heat absorption pipe 19-heat insulation layer 20-outlet header

a-water working medium inlet b-air inlet c-steam outlet d-air outlet

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1. Integral structure

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a solar micro gas turbine system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the gas turbine system includes: the system comprises a compressor 1, a heat regenerator 2, a three-way valve 3, a solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4, a combustion chamber 5, a gas turbine 6, a condenser 7, a water feed pump 8, a water working medium heat absorber 9, a switch valve 10, a working medium pump 11, a heat exchanger 12, an additional gas turbine 13 and an additional condenser 14.

Wherein, this gas turbine system's connection structure does: the air compressor 1, the air side of the heat regenerator 2, the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4, the combustion chamber 5 and the gas turbine 6 are sequentially connected, the three opening valves 3 are communicated with the air side of the heat regenerator 2, the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 and the combustion chamber 5, the outlet of the gas turbine 6, the flue gas side of the heat regenerator 2, the flue gas side of the heat exchanger 12 and the condenser 7 are sequentially connected, the water feeding pump 8 and the hydraulic heat absorber 9 are sequentially connected and are connected with the air side of the heat regenerator 2 through the switch valve 10, the working medium pump 11, the working medium side of the heat exchanger 12, the additional gas turbine 13 and the additional condenser 14 are sequentially connected, and the hydraulic heat absorber 9 is arranged around a lighting hole 16 of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 in a surrounding mode.

1.1 solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 and water-based working medium heat absorber 9

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 and the water-medium heat absorber 9 according to the present embodiment, and includes an annular steam heat absorbing pipe 15, an inlet header 17, a daylight opening 16, an air heat absorbing pipe 18, a heat insulating layer 19, and an outlet header 20. The air pressurized by the compressor 1 and the steam heated by the water medium heat absorber 9 enter the air side inlet of the heat regenerator 2 together, the air-steam mixed gas preheated by the heat regenerator 2 enters the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4, wherein the water medium enters from the water medium inlet a and is heated by the annular steam heat absorbing pipe 15 to obtain the steam with higher temperature and is released from the steam outlet c, meanwhile, the preheated air enters from the air inlet b and is further heated by the air heat absorbing pipe 18 to obtain the air with higher temperature and is released from the air outlet d, and the mixed gas enters the combustion chamber 5 to act, so that the consumption of fuel is reduced.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the water medium heat absorber 9, mainly a sectional view of the annular steam heat absorbing pipe 15, the annular steam heat absorbing pipe 15 can absorb heat around the lighting hole 16 of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4, and then heat the water medium, and the annular steam heat absorbing pipe 15 is arranged in a ring shape to increase the contact area of the steam heat absorbing pipe 15 and the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 in the water medium heat absorber 9, and the longer the path of the annular pipeline, the longer the heating time is prolonged, so that the heating effect is better.

Wherein, the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 is preferably a tubular heat absorber or a positive displacement heat absorber. According to the technical scheme, a user can select according to actual conditions, wherein the tubular heat absorber is provided with multiple tubes for absorbing and storing heat, so that the temperature is increased more quickly; the positive displacement heat absorber has a larger heat storage capacity.

1.2 pathways

In the present embodiment, the passages between the respective devices are formed as pipes having the heat insulating layer 19. The pipeline with the insulating layer 19 can reduce the dissipation of energy in the process of transmitting the working medium to a greater extent, thereby improving the utilization rate of the energy.

2. Running instances

Next, the power generation cycle of the solar micro gas turbine system will be described with reference to a specific operation example.

Specifically, as an example, air enters the solar micro gas turbine system through the air compressor 1, the air compressor 1 pressurizes the entering air, the pressurized air is led to a mixed gas passage in the heat regenerator 2, in addition, high-temperature flue gas discharged from the combustion chamber 5 passes through the heat regenerator 2 and then enters the condenser 7 to be condensed, waste gas is discharged, the condensed water is mixed with external water supply and enters the water supply pump 8, the water supply pump 8 pressurizes the water supply pump and then is led into the hydraulic heat absorber 9, the hydraulic heat absorber 9 is arranged around a lighting hole 16 of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4, after liquid water enters the hydraulic heat absorber 9, heat around the lighting hole 16 of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 is absorbed and vaporized, the liquid water and the air are mixed in a form of water vapor and then are injected into the mixed gas passage of the heat regenerator 2, meanwhile, the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the combustion chamber 5 enters the flue gas passage in the heat regenerator 2 through the flue gas side of the heat regenerator 2, therefore, the mixed gas is preheated by the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the gas turbine 6, the temperature of the mixed gas reaches about 580 ℃, the mixed gas is preheated by the heat regenerator 2 and then enters the combustion chamber 5 through the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4, the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 converts solar energy into heat energy and heats the preheated air, and at the moment, the temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the solar high-temperature heat absorber 4 reaches about 800 ℃. The fuel (natural gas) is sprayed from a nozzle of the combustion chamber 5, mixed and reacted with excessive air and water vapor to generate high-temperature gas at about 950 ℃, and the high-temperature gas enters the gas turbine 6 to do work and then is discharged to the heat regenerator 2, so that the cycle power generation is realized.

In the solar micro gas turbine system, water working medium passes through the water working medium heat absorber 9 and then is mixed with air to enter the heat regenerator 2, the mixture is heated by the combustion chamber 5 and then is sent to the gas turbine 6 to do work, and after water vapor and air mixed gas exhausted from the gas turbine 6 pass through the heat regenerator 2 and the heat exchanger 12, the water vapor can be recovered by various methods.

Specifically, the water vapor may be chemically MgSO₄、MgCl₂、MgO、CaSO₄、CaCl₂、CaRecovering water in the mixed gas by one or more of O through crystallization; the water in the mixed gas can also be recovered by an adsorption method and pressure swing adsorption; the heat exchange surface can be increased by a condensation method, the mixed gas is cooled by using the water in the condenser 7, and the water in the mixed gas is recovered; the method can also utilize waste heat to generate a refrigeration effect by utilizing different solubilities of the mixed gas in a certain absorbent through a solution absorption method, is used for cooling the air temperature at the inlet of the gas turbine, further improves the energy utilization efficiency, and exhausts exhaust gas after water vapor is recovered to the atmosphere.

In the embodiment, by adding the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 in the circulation of the gas turbine system, the temperature of the air entering the combustion chamber 5 is increased, and the water working medium heat absorber 9 is added, the energy around the lighting hole 16 of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 can be fully utilized, the cutoff efficiency and the solar utilization rate of the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 are improved, and the consumption of fuel is reduced; in addition, the excessive temperature of the combustion chamber 5 is reduced by reinjecting steam, the excess air intake can be reduced, the emission of the combustion chamber 5 is reduced, the power consumption of the air compressor 1 is reduced, the specific power and the peak regulation capacity of the system are improved, the problems of low energy utilization rate of a heat absorption system and low single solar thermal power generation efficiency in a tower type photo-thermal power generation system are solved, the power generation efficiency of a gas turbine and the energy utilization rate of the system are improved, the peak regulation capacity of the system is improved, and the comprehensive utilization of multiple energy sources is realized.

As another example, in the case where solar power generation cannot be performed on cloudy days or at night, air enters the solar micro gas turbine system through the air compressor 1, the air compressor 1 pressurizes the entering air, the pressurized air passes through the air passage in the heat regenerator 2, meanwhile, high-temperature flue gas discharged from the combustion chamber 5 applies work to the gas turbine 6, low-temperature flue gas discharged from the gas turbine 6 further enters the flue gas passage in the heat regenerator 2 through the flue gas side of the heat regenerator 2, so that the compressed air is preheated by the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the gas turbine 6 to make the air temperature reach about 580 ℃, the three-way valve 3 connects the heat regenerator 2 and the combustion chamber 5, and cuts off the passage between the solar high-temperature air heat absorber 4 and the heat regenerator 2, so that the preheated air directly enters the combustion chamber 5 to be mixed with natural gas, and at the same time, and a switch valve 10 arranged between the heat regenerator 2 and the water working medium heat absorber 9 is closed, and the three-way valve 3 is matched to cut off the steam from entering a circulation loop of the solar micro gas turbine system.

In the present embodiment, the three-way valve 3 and the on-off valve 10 are opened and closed, so that the solar micro gas turbine system can generate power continuously for 24 hours without solar power generation conditions on cloudy days or at night.

As another example, the present operation example is a further improvement of the above operation example, and the reference numbers and the cycle process that are not described are the same as those in the above embodiment, and are not described herein again. In the solar micro gas turbine system of the present operation example, an organic rankine cycle is added to the passage between the regenerator 2 and the condenser 7, specifically, when the high-temperature flue gas is discharged after preheating air in the heat regenerator 2, the high-temperature flue gas is introduced into the heat exchanger 12 of the organic Rankine cycle, an organic working medium R141b passage is arranged in the heat exchanger 12, the organic working medium R141b is pressurized by the working medium pump 11, enters the organic working medium passage in the heat exchanger 12, exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas passage in the heat exchanger 12, therefore, the organic working medium R141b is heated to a certain pressure and temperature, the organic working medium R141b is heated to about 110 ℃ and enters the additional gas turbine 13 to do work, the waste gas of the additional gas turbine 13 is recycled by the additional condenser 14, the condensed organic working medium is pressurized by the working medium pump 11 again and is introduced into the heat exchanger 12 to exchange heat, and the circulation of secondary power generation by utilizing the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas is realized.

In the present embodiment, through diligent attempts of the applicant, it is found that under the condition that the system net output power and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the combustion chamber 5 are basically the same, compared with a gas turbine power generation system without solar heat collection, steam injection and organic rankine cycle, the solar micro gas turbine system combining steam injection and organic rankine cycle in fig. 1 can reduce the fuel consumption by about 86%; because the saturated steam can reduce the overhigh temperature of the combustion chamber 5 and reduce the consumption of excess air required by combustion, the power consumption of the compressor 1 is reduced, the organic Rankine cycle fully utilizes the energy in the waste gas of the gas turbine 6 and improves the utilization rate of the energy, the total power of the two combined systems is improved by 37.7 percent, the steam injection can improve the power generation power of the system to 8.29kW, and the organic Rankine cycle can improve the power generation power of the system to 30.37 kW; the exhaust gas temperature is respectively reduced from 645 ℃ to 270 ℃ and 66 ℃ through the recycling of the heat regenerator 2 and the heat exchanger 12; the power generation efficiency of the system can be improved by 5.4 percentage points.

In the present embodiment of the invention, the temperature reached by each heating device after heating or condensing the medium therein is illustrated, for example, the temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the solar high-temperature heat absorber 4 is illustrated to reach about 800 ℃ in the operation example, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific temperature data are not limiting to the present invention, but are used as references for selection by those skilled in the art, and the case of applying the cycle principle of the present invention in different application scenarios, the heating and condensing temperatures are different, and all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.