阅读说明：本技术 一种机载供电系统的能量回馈及管理系统 (Energy feedback and management system of airborne power supply system ) 是由 徐金全 张博一 苏树业 郭宏 于 2021-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种机载供电系统的能量回馈及管理系统,为并联式蓄电池加超级电容混合储能拓扑架构,由270V高压直流储能装置(100)、双向能量控制及变换装置组成(200)；所述270V高压直流储能装置由高压蓄电池系统(110)、高压超级电容系统(120)和监控模块(130)组成；所述双向能量控制及变换装置由双向变换通道(210)、双向短时大功率通道(220)、应急泄放模块(230)、接触器直通通道(240)、能量双向流动控制及监控模块(250)组成。通过高压直流储能装置和双向能量控制及变换装置,实现对机载270V高压直流汇流条的能量补偿、能量回馈吸收和应急供电,维持汇流条电压的稳定性,具有可靠性高、功率等级高、体积小、质量轻的优点。(The application discloses an energy feedback and management system of an airborne power supply system, which is a hybrid energy storage topological structure of a parallel storage battery and a super capacitor and consists of a 270V high-voltage direct-current energy storage device (100) and a bidirectional energy control and conversion device (200); the 270V high-voltage direct-current energy storage device consists of a high-voltage storage battery system (110), a high-voltage super capacitor system (120) and a monitoring module (130); the bidirectional energy control and conversion device is composed of a bidirectional conversion channel (210), a bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220), an emergency release module (230), a contactor through channel (240) and an energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module (250). Through high voltage direct current energy memory and two-way energy control and conversion device, realize energy compensation, energy repayment absorption and the emergent power supply to machine-mounted 270V high voltage direct current busbar, maintain the stability of busbar voltage, have the advantage that the reliability is high, power level is high, small, the quality is light.)

1. An energy feedback and management system for an airborne power supply system, comprising: a 270V high-voltage direct-current energy storage device (100) and a bidirectional energy control and conversion device (200);

the 270V high voltage direct current energy storage device (100) comprises: the system comprises a high-voltage battery system (110), a high-voltage super capacitor system (120) and a monitoring module (130);

the bi-directional energy control and conversion device (200) comprises: the device comprises a bidirectional conversion channel (210), a bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220), an emergency relief module (230), a contactor through channel (240) and an energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module (250);

the high-voltage storage battery energy storage system (110) is connected to a charging bus bar (500) through a bidirectional conversion channel (210), the high-voltage storage battery system (110) is connected to an onboard 270V high-voltage bus bar (600) through the bidirectional conversion channel (210) and a contactor through channel (240), the high-voltage super capacitor system (120) is connected to the onboard 270V high-voltage bus bar (600) through a bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220), and the emergency discharge module (230) is connected with the onboard 270V high-voltage bus bar (600);

the monitoring module (130) of the 270V high-voltage energy storage device is connected with the high-voltage storage battery system (110), the high-voltage super capacitor system (120) and the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module (250) and used for monitoring and feeding back the state of the energy storage device;

the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module (250) is connected with a monitoring module (130) of the high-voltage energy storage device, a bidirectional conversion channel (210), a bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220), an emergency release module (230) and a contactor through channel (240) to monitor the system state and control the energy bidirectional flow.

2. The energy feedback and management system according to claim 1, wherein the high voltage battery system (110) of the 270V high voltage direct current energy storage device (100) is used for low power energy management; the high voltage battery system (110) supplies power to the starter generator through the contactor through channel (240) and the bidirectional conversion channel (210) when the aircraft engine is started; when the power generation system normally operates, low-power energy feedback absorption and self capacity management (including charging and discharging) are carried out, and the power supply quality of the airborne power supply system is improved; when the power generation system has a fault, the bus bar is independently supplied with power as an onboard emergency power supply; the rated parameters of the high-voltage storage battery system (110) are determined according to the design indexes of the energy management system, including emergency power supply requirements, instantaneous power requirements and volume weight requirements, the energy storage capacity is determined according to the emergency power supply requirements, the instantaneous output capacity is determined according to the instantaneous power requirements, and the storage battery with small volume weight is selected according to the energy storage capacity and the instantaneous output capacity.

3. Energy feedback and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that the high voltage super capacitor system (120) of the 270V high voltage direct current energy storage device (100) is used for high power energy management; when the power generation system normally operates, high-power energy compensation, energy feedback absorption and self capacity management (including charging and discharging) are carried out, and the power supply quality of the airborne power supply system is improved; rated parameters of the high-voltage super capacitor system (120) are determined according to design indexes of the energy management system, wherein the rated parameters comprise instantaneous power requirements, short-time energy requirements and volume weight requirements; the method comprises the steps of determining instantaneous output capacity according to instantaneous power requirements, determining energy storage capacity according to short-time energy requirements, and selecting a super capacitor with small volume and weight according to the instantaneous output capacity and the energy storage capacity.

4. The energy feedback and management system according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring module (130) of the 270V high voltage dc energy storage device (100) is configured to monitor the states of the battery and the super capacitor, and is configured as a digital circuit with a single energy storage element sampling sensor, which calculates the state of charge (SOC) of the battery and the super capacitor by sampling the terminal voltages and output currents of the battery and the super capacitor, performs fault identification, and feeds back the state information to the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module (250) for comprehensive control of the energy management system; the state information fed back by the monitoring module comprises a storage battery end voltage, a storage battery output current, a storage battery charge state, a storage battery fault signal, a super capacitor end voltage, a super capacitor output current, a super capacitor charge state and a super capacitor fault signal.

5. Energy feedback and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that the bidirectional energy control and transformation channel (210) of the bidirectional energy control and transformation device (200) is used for bidirectional energy flow control of the high voltage battery system (110); the structure of the device is that a double-parallel Buck-Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter (710) and a corresponding control circuit are arranged, the input end of the device is connected with a high-voltage storage battery system (110), and the output end of the device is connected with a charging bus bar (500) and a 270V high-voltage bus bar (600); the bidirectional energy flow of a high-voltage storage battery system (110) is controlled in a constant current mode, and power supply of a starting generator, low-power energy feedback absorption and storage battery capacity management are performed; the method is characterized in that the method controls a high-voltage storage battery system (110) to independently supply power to a 270V high-voltage bus bar (600) in a constant-voltage current-limiting mode when a power generation system fails; in the constant current mode, a current loop PI controller is adopted to calculate the error of a current instruction and current feedback and give the PWM duty ratio of a switching tube; and in the constant-voltage current-limiting mode, a voltage and current loop double-loop PI controller is adopted, the voltage loop PI controller calculates the error of a voltage instruction and voltage feedback to give a current instruction, and the current loop PI controller calculates the error of the current instruction and the current feedback to give a PWM duty ratio of the switching tube.

6. The energy feedback and management system according to claim 1, wherein the bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220) of the bidirectional energy control and conversion device (200) is used for energy bidirectional flow control of the high-voltage super capacitor system (120), and is structured by a non-isolated Buck/Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter (720) and a corresponding control circuit, the input end of the non-isolated Buck/Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with the high-voltage super capacitor system (120), and the output end of the non-isolated Buck/Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with a 270V high-voltage bus bar (600); the bidirectional energy flow of a high-voltage super capacitor system (120) is controlled in a constant current mode, and high-power energy compensation, high-power energy feedback absorption and super capacitor capacity management are performed; in the constant current mode, a current loop PI controller is adopted to calculate the error of a current instruction and current feedback and give the PWM duty ratio of the switching tube.

7. The energy feedback and management system according to claim 1, wherein the emergency bleed-off module (230) of the bi-directional energy control and conversion device (200) is configured for bleeding off feedback energy in an emergency fault condition; the structure of the device comprises an energy consumption resistor, a contactor and a corresponding control circuit, wherein one end of the energy consumption resistor is grounded, and the other end of the energy consumption resistor is connected with a 270V high-voltage bus bar (600); according to the control signal of the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module (250), energy fed back from the bus bar is consumed when the high-voltage energy storage system fails, and the problem of bus bar overvoltage is avoided.

8. Energy feedback and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that the contactor feed-through (240) of the bi-directional energy control and conversion device (200) completes the direct power supply of the high voltage battery system (110) to the 270V high voltage bus bar (600); the structure of the high-voltage direct-current contactor is that the high-voltage direct-current contactor and a corresponding control circuit are adopted, the input end of the high-voltage direct-current contactor is connected with a high-voltage storage battery system (110), and the output end of the high-voltage direct-current contactor is connected with a 270V high-voltage bus bar (600); according to the control signal of the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module (250), when the power generation system (300) and the bidirectional conversion channel (210) are in failure, the control signal is used as an emergency backup channel of the bidirectional conversion channel (210) to directly transmit the energy of the storage battery to the bus bar, so that the failure operation of the energy management system is ensured.

9. The energy feedback and management system according to claim 1, wherein the energy bi-directional flow control and monitoring module (250) is used for status information collection and overall control of the energy feedback and management system; the structure of the system takes system state information as input, and outputs control instructions of all channels through digital signal processing and logic judgment; the system state information comprises bus bar voltage, bus bar current, storage battery charge state, super capacitor charge state, output end current of a bidirectional conversion channel (210) and output end current of a bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220); the digital signal processing and judging logic is composed of bus bar voltage management and energy storage device capacity management; wherein bus bar voltage management comprises: the method comprises the following steps of super capacitor bus bar voltage management, storage battery bus bar voltage management, emergency release management and contactor direct connection management; energy storage device capacity management includes: super capacitor capacity management and battery capacity management; the output control instructions of each channel comprise a bidirectional conversion channel independent power supply signal, a bidirectional conversion channel current instruction signal, a bidirectional short-time high-power channel current instruction signal, an emergency release module opening signal and a contactor direct-through channel opening signal.

10. The energy feedback and management system of claim 9 wherein the logic decisions of the bi-directional energy flow control and monitoring module (250) are determined by input signals including bus voltage, bus current, high voltage energy storage device state of charge and fault signals, and can be summarized as: when the aircraft engine is started, the high-voltage battery system (110) provides electric energy for the starter generator through the bidirectional conversion channel (210) and the contactor through channel (240), so that the starter generator works in an electric state and drives the engine to start;

after the engine is started, a bidirectional DC-DC converter (710) of a bidirectional conversion channel (210) charges a storage battery in a voltage-stabilizing constant-current mode until the storage battery is charged to a set value;

when the aircraft power generation system operates normally, the control system monitors the bus bar voltage for bus bar voltage management, and when the bus bar voltage is higher than 280V, or when the bus bar voltage is more than 275V and the differential is more than 1500V/s, the bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220) is conducted to supply power to the super capacitor until the bus bar voltage is less than 275V, when the bus bar voltage is higher than 275V, the bidirectional energy conversion channel is conducted to supply power to the storage battery until the bus bar voltage is less than 270.5V, and when the bus bar voltage is less than 252V, or the bus bar voltage is less than 258V and its differential is less than-4000V/s, the bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220) is conducted to supply power by the super capacitor until the voltage of the bus bar is more than 258V, during the energy management of the bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220), the bidirectional energy conversion channel (210) is forbidden to work;

the method comprises the following steps that an aircraft power generation system normally runs, when the voltage of a bus bar is 265-273V, capacity (state of charge SOC) management is carried out on a storage battery and a super capacitor, the median interval of the capacity of the storage battery is 70% -90%, when the capacity is higher than 90%, discharging management is carried out on the storage battery until the capacity is lower than 80%, when the capacity is lower than 70%, charging management is carried out on the storage battery until the capacity is higher than 80%; the median interval of the super capacitor capacity is 65% -85%, when the capacity is higher than 85%, super capacitor discharge management is carried out until the capacity is smaller than 75%, when the capacity is lower than 65%, super capacitor charge management is carried out until the capacity is larger than 75%, the priority of the super capacitor capacity management is higher than that of the storage battery capacity management, the capacity management of the energy storage device is forbidden during bus bar voltage management, when the capacities of the super capacitor and the storage battery are higher than 98%, the bus bar voltage management function of the energy storage device is forbidden, the high-voltage energy storage system is considered to work abnormally, at the moment, if the bus bar voltage is larger than 280V, the emergency discharge module (230) is controlled to be conducted, and feedback energy is discharged through the high-power resistor until the bus bar voltage is smaller than 275V;

when the aircraft power generation system fails, the high-voltage storage battery system (110) serves as an onboard emergency power supply and supplies power to the bus bar through the bidirectional conversion channel (210), and at the moment, if the bidirectional conversion channel (210) fails, the contactor through channel (240) is opened to directly transfer the energy of the storage battery to the bus bar, so that the emergency power demand of the onboard equipment is met;

after the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module (250) determines a working channel through logic judgment, a current instruction of the corresponding channel is calculated according to the state information, and the working states of the bidirectional conversion channel (210) and the bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220) are controlled through the current instruction value: if the current instruction value is zero, the corresponding channel is closed, so that the conduction loss is reduced, and if the current instruction value is not zero, the corresponding channel is opened, and energy bidirectional flow control is performed according to the current instruction value;

during the voltage management and the capacity management of the storage battery bus bar, the current instruction value of the bidirectional conversion channel (210) is a constant value, during the voltage management of the super capacitor bus bar, the current instruction value of the bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220) is a variable value, the value is calculated by a voltage ring PID controller (800) with current feedforward, during the capacity management of the super capacitor, the current instruction value of the bidirectional short-time high-power channel (220) is a variable value, and the value is calculated by a scheduled transition process; the differential signal in the voltage loop PID controller (800) with current feedforward is extracted by a tracking differentiator with high-frequency noise suppression capability; the arranged transition process takes a step command as input, a transition differential equation is designed according to the active disturbance rejection control theory, and a smooth transition signal is output.

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of aviation electrical systems. In particular to an energy feedback and management system of an airborne power supply system.

Background

The airborne 270V high-voltage direct-current power supply system has the advantages of being simple in structure, high in energy conversion efficiency and power density, high in reliability, strong in adaptability to nonlinear loads and the like, and is the main development direction of modern aircraft power supply systems. With the continuous introduction and promotion of the multi-electric/full-electric technology, the high-power electric actuator is increasingly applied to control surface control, engine control, undercarriage retraction and extension, a brake system and the like of an airplane. The high-power electric actuator can generate a large amount of instantaneous regenerative electric energy in the braking operation process, and the stability of an airborne power supply system is seriously influenced.

The method generally adopted at present is to consume the regenerated electric energy generated by the high-power electric actuator through an energy consumption resistor and convert the electric energy into heat energy. The method is easy to cause local overheating of the airplane and influence the normal work of equipment around the high-power electric actuator. At present, research is carried out on storing regenerative electric energy generated by a high-power electric actuator through an energy storage device to construct an energy management system of an airborne power supply system. However, a super capacitor or a storage battery is generally adopted as a single energy storage device, so that the volume, weight and cost are high, the management power range is small, and the practical feasibility is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the application is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide an energy feedback and management system of an airborne power supply system, and the designed energy feedback and management system realizes energy compensation, energy feedback absorption and emergency power supply functions through the innovation of a parallel storage battery and super capacitor hybrid energy storage topological structure, and has the advantages of high reliability, high power level, small size, light weight and the like.

In order to achieve the above effects, the basic concept of the present application is:

an energy feedback and management system for an airborne power supply system, comprising: a 270V high-voltage direct-current energy storage device and a bidirectional energy control and conversion device;

the 270V high-voltage direct current energy storage device comprises: the system comprises a high-voltage storage battery system, a high-voltage super capacitor system and a monitoring module;

the bidirectional energy control and conversion device comprises: the device comprises a bidirectional conversion channel, a bidirectional short-time high-power channel, an emergency discharge module, a contactor through channel and an energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module;

the airborne power supply system consists of an aviation high-power starting power generation system, a bus bar and electric equipment, wherein the bus bar comprises a charging bus bar and an airborne 270V high-voltage bus bar, the electric equipment comprises motor loads (EMA, EHA, electric pump and the like) and non-motor loads (various constant-power loads), and the electric equipment is connected with the starting power generation system through the airborne 270V airborne high-voltage bus bar;

the connection relationship of the energy feedback and management system in the onboard power supply system is as follows: the high-voltage storage battery energy storage system is connected to the charging bus bar through a bidirectional conversion channel, the high-voltage storage battery system is connected to the onboard 270V high-voltage bus bar through the bidirectional conversion channel and a contactor direct-through channel respectively, the high-voltage super capacitor system is connected to the onboard 270V high-voltage bus bar through a bidirectional short-time high-power channel, and the emergency discharge module is connected with the onboard 270V high-voltage bus bar;

the monitoring module of the high-voltage energy storage device is connected with the high-voltage storage battery system, the high-voltage super capacitor system and the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module, and monitors and feeds back the state of the energy storage device;

the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module is connected with a monitoring module, a bidirectional conversion channel, a bidirectional short-time high-power channel, a contactor direct-connection channel and an emergency discharge module of the high-voltage energy storage device to perform system state monitoring and energy bidirectional flow control.

Further, a high-voltage storage battery system of the 270V high-voltage direct-current energy storage device is used for low-power energy management; when the aircraft engine is started, the high-voltage storage battery system supplies power to the starter generator through the contactor through channel and the bidirectional conversion channel; when the power generation system normally operates, low-power energy feedback absorption and self capacity management (including charging and discharging) are carried out, and the power supply quality of the airborne power supply system is improved; when the power generation system has a fault, the bus bar is independently supplied with power as an onboard emergency power supply; the rated parameters of the high-voltage storage battery system are determined according to the design indexes of the energy management system, including emergency power supply requirements, instantaneous power requirements and volume weight requirements, the energy storage capacity is determined according to the emergency power supply requirements, the instantaneous output capacity is determined according to the instantaneous power requirements, and the storage battery with small volume weight is selected according to the energy storage capacity and the instantaneous output capacity.

Further, a high-voltage super capacitor system of the 270V high-voltage direct-current energy storage device is used for high-power energy management; when the power generation system normally operates, high-power energy compensation, energy feedback absorption and self capacity management (including charging and discharging) are carried out, and the power supply quality of the airborne power supply system is improved; rated parameters of the high-voltage super capacitor system are determined according to design indexes of the energy management system, wherein the rated parameters comprise instantaneous power requirements, short-time energy requirements and volume weight requirements; the method comprises the steps of determining instantaneous output capacity according to instantaneous power requirements, determining energy storage capacity according to short-time energy requirements, and selecting a super capacitor with small volume and weight according to the instantaneous output capacity and the energy storage capacity.

Furthermore, the monitoring module of the 270V high-voltage direct-current energy storage device is used for monitoring the states of the storage battery and the super capacitor, and the monitoring module is structurally a digital circuit with an energy storage single element sampling sensor, calculates the state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery and the super capacitor by sampling the terminal voltage and the output current of the storage battery and the super capacitor, performs fault identification, and feeds back state information to the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module for performing comprehensive control of an energy management system; the state information fed back by the monitoring module comprises a storage battery end voltage, a storage battery output current, a storage battery charge state, a storage battery fault signal, a super capacitor end voltage, a super capacitor output current, a super capacitor charge state and a super capacitor fault signal.

Furthermore, a bidirectional conversion channel of the bidirectional energy control and conversion device is used for controlling the bidirectional energy flow of the high-voltage storage battery system; the structure of the device is that a double-parallel Buck-Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter and a corresponding control circuit are connected, the input end of the device is connected with a high-voltage storage battery system, and the output end of the device is connected with a charging bus bar and a 270V high-voltage bus bar; the bidirectional energy flow of a high-voltage storage battery system is controlled in a constant-current mode, and power supply of a starting generator, low-power energy feedback absorption and storage battery capacity management are performed; the method is characterized in that a high-voltage battery system is controlled to supply power to a 270V high-voltage bus bar independently in a constant-voltage current-limiting mode when a power generation system fails; in the constant current mode, a current loop PI controller is adopted to calculate the error of a current instruction and current feedback and give the PWM duty ratio of a switching tube; and in the constant-voltage current-limiting mode, a voltage and current loop double-loop PI controller is adopted, the voltage loop PI controller calculates the error of a voltage instruction and voltage feedback to give a current instruction, and the current loop PI controller calculates the error of the current instruction and the current feedback to give a PWM duty ratio of the switching tube.

Furthermore, a bidirectional short-time high-power channel of the bidirectional energy control and conversion device is used for energy bidirectional flow control of a high-voltage super capacitor system, and is structurally characterized in that a non-isolated Buck/Boost converter and a corresponding control circuit are adopted, the input end of the Buck/Boost converter is connected with the high-voltage super capacitor system, and the output end of the Buck/Boost converter is connected with a 270V high-voltage bus bar; the bidirectional energy flow of a high-voltage super-capacitor system is controlled in a constant-current mode, and high-power energy compensation, high-power energy feedback absorption and super-capacitor capacity management are performed; in the constant current mode, a current loop PI controller is adopted to calculate the error of a current instruction and current feedback and give the PWM duty ratio of the switching tube.

Furthermore, an emergency release module of the bidirectional energy control and conversion device is used for releasing feedback energy in an emergency fault state; the structure of the device is an energy consumption resistor, a contactor and a corresponding control circuit, wherein one end of the energy consumption resistor is grounded, and the other end of the energy consumption resistor is connected with a 270V high-voltage bus bar; according to the control signal of the bidirectional energy flow control and monitoring module, the energy fed back from the bus bar is consumed when the high-voltage energy storage system fails, and the problem of bus bar overvoltage is avoided.

Further, a contactor through channel of the bidirectional energy control and conversion device completes the direct power supply of the high-voltage storage battery system to the 270V high-voltage bus bar; the high-voltage direct-current contactor and a corresponding control circuit are structurally arranged, wherein the input end of the high-voltage direct-current contactor is connected with a high-voltage storage battery system, and the output end of the high-voltage direct-current contactor is connected with a 270V high-voltage bus bar; according to the control signal of the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module, when the power generation system and the bidirectional conversion channel are in failure, the energy of the storage battery is directly transmitted to the bus bar as an emergency backup channel of the bidirectional conversion channel, so that the failure operation of the energy management system is ensured.

Furthermore, the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module is used for collecting state information and integrally controlling the energy feedback and management system; the structure of the system takes system state information as input, and outputs control instructions of all channels through digital signal processing and logic judgment; the system state information comprises bus bar voltage, bus bar current, storage battery charge state, super capacitor charge state, bidirectional conversion channel output end current and bidirectional short-time high-power channel output end current; the digital signal processing and judging logic is composed of bus bar voltage management and energy storage device capacity management; wherein bus bar voltage management comprises: the method comprises the following steps of super capacitor bus bar voltage management, storage battery bus bar voltage management, emergency release management and contactor direct connection management; energy storage device capacity management includes: super capacitor capacity management and battery capacity management; the output control instructions of each channel comprise a bidirectional conversion channel independent power supply signal, a bidirectional conversion channel current instruction signal, a bidirectional short-time high-power channel current instruction signal, an emergency release module opening signal and a contactor direct-through channel opening signal.

Further, the logic decision of the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module is determined by input signals, including bus bar voltage, bus bar current, high-voltage energy storage device state of charge and fault signal, and the contents of the logic decision can be summarized as follows: when the aircraft engine is started, the high-voltage storage battery system provides electric energy for the starter generator through the bidirectional conversion channel and the contactor direct-through channel, so that the starter generator works in an electric state and drives the engine to start;

after the engine is started, the bidirectional DC-DC converter of the bidirectional conversion channel charges the storage battery in a voltage-stabilizing constant-current mode until the storage battery is charged to a set value;

when the voltage of the bus bar is higher than 280V, or the voltage of the bus bar is higher than 275V and the differential of the bus bar is larger than 1500V/s, the bidirectional short-time high-power channel is conducted to supply power to the super capacitor until the voltage of the bus bar is smaller than 275V, when the voltage of the bus bar is higher than 275V, the bidirectional energy conversion channel is conducted to supply power to the storage battery until the voltage of the bus bar is smaller than 270.5V, when the voltage of the bus bar is smaller than 252V, or the voltage of the bus bar is smaller than 258V and the differential of the bus bar is smaller than-4000V/s, the bidirectional short-time high-power channel is conducted to supply power to the super capacitor until the voltage of the bus bar is larger than 258V, and during the energy management of the bidirectional short-time high-power channel, the bidirectional short-time high-power channel is forbidden to work;

the method comprises the following steps that an aircraft power generation system normally runs, when the voltage of a bus bar is 265-273V, capacity (state of charge SOC) management is carried out on a storage battery and a super capacitor, the median interval of the capacity of the storage battery is 70% -90%, when the capacity is higher than 90%, discharging management is carried out on the storage battery until the capacity is lower than 80%, when the capacity is lower than 70%, charging management is carried out on the storage battery until the capacity is higher than 80%; the method comprises the following steps that a median interval of super-capacitor capacity is 65-85%, super-capacitor discharge management is carried out when the capacity is higher than 85% until the capacity is smaller than 75%, super-capacitor charge management is carried out when the capacity is lower than 65% until the capacity is larger than 75%, the priority of the super-capacitor capacity management is higher than that of a storage battery, the capacity management of an energy storage device is forbidden during bus bar voltage management, the bus bar voltage management function of the energy storage device is forbidden when the capacities of the super-capacitor and the storage battery are higher than 98%, the high-voltage energy storage system is considered to be abnormal in operation, at the moment, if the bus bar voltage is larger than 280V, an emergency discharge module is controlled to be conducted, and feedback energy is discharged through a high-power resistor until the bus bar voltage is smaller than 275V;

when the aircraft power generation system fails, the high-voltage storage battery system serves as an onboard emergency power supply and supplies power to the bus bar through the bidirectional conversion channel, and at the moment, if the bidirectional conversion channel fails, the contactor through channel is opened to directly transfer the energy of the storage battery to the bus bar, so that the emergency power consumption requirement of onboard equipment is met;

after the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module determines a working channel through logic judgment, a current instruction of the corresponding channel is calculated according to the state information, and the working states of the bidirectional conversion channel and the bidirectional short-time high-power channel are controlled through the current instruction value: if the current instruction value is zero, the corresponding channel is closed, so that the conduction loss is reduced, and if the current instruction value is not zero, the corresponding channel is opened, and energy bidirectional flow control is performed according to the current instruction value;

during the voltage management and the capacity management of the storage battery bus bar, the current instruction value of the bidirectional conversion channel is a constant value, during the voltage management of the super capacitor bus bar, the current instruction value of the bidirectional short-time high-power channel is a variable value, and the numerical value is calculated by a voltage PID controller with current feedforward; the differential signal in the voltage PID controller with current feedforward is extracted by a tracking differentiator with high-frequency noise suppression capability; the arranged transition process takes a step command as input, a transition differential equation is designed according to the active disturbance rejection control theory, and a smooth transition signal is output.

The technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial technical effects:

the energy feedback and management system of the airborne power supply system adopts a parallel storage battery and super capacitor hybrid energy storage topological structure for the first time. The parallel-type topological hybrid energy storage device can fully exert the advantages of the storage battery and the super capacitor, the storage battery is used for long-term low-power energy management, the super capacitor is used for short-term high-power energy compensation and absorption, the management power range is wide, and the parallel-type topological hybrid energy storage device is fully suitable for the characteristics of low average power and high peak power of reproducible feedback aviation high-power electric actuation loads. A bidirectional energy control and conversion device based on a parallel topology architecture is designed, an integral control logic is constructed, the reliable operation of a parallel topology energy feedback and management system is ensured,

the energy feedback and management system of the airborne power supply system with the parallel hybrid energy storage topological structure is innovatively designed, the absorption and utilization of the regenerated electric energy of the high-power electric actuator are achieved, the power supply quality of the airborne power supply system is improved, and the reliability of an aircraft electrical system is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an energy bi-directional flow control and monitoring module;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the control logic of the energy bi-directional flow control and monitoring module;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a bus voltage loop PID controller for the energy bi-directional flow control and monitoring module;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional shift channel configuration and control scheme;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional short-term high-power channel structure and control method;

reference numerals: 100. a 270V high-voltage direct-current energy storage device; 200. a bi-directional energy control and conversion device; 300. a high-power starting power generation system; 400. an electricity-consuming device; 110. a high-voltage battery system; 120. a high voltage supercapacitor system; 130. the 270V high-voltage direct-current energy storage device monitoring module; 210. a bidirectional conversion channel; 220. a bidirectional short-time high-power channel; 230. an emergency bleeding module; 240. a contactor through passage; 250. the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module; 410. a high-power motor load; 420. a non-motor type load; 500. a charging bus bar; 600. 270V high voltage bus bar; 710. a Buck-Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter; 720. a non-isolated Buck/Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter; 800. and a voltage loop PID controller.

Detailed Description

In the drawings, a schematic diagram of a layer structure according to an embodiment of the application is shown. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity. The shapes of various regions, layers, and relative sizes and positional relationships therebetween shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, as actually required.

It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. In the description of the present application, it is noted that the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In addition, the technical features mentioned in the different embodiments of the present application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present application.

As shown in fig. 1, the energy feedback and management system of an airborne power supply system of the present application takes a parallel storage battery and super capacitor hybrid energy storage device and a corresponding energy flow control device as a core to realize energy feedback and management of a high-power electrically actuated load of the airborne power supply system. The energy storage device consists of a 270V high-voltage direct-current energy storage device 100 and a bidirectional energy control and conversion device 200; the 270V high-voltage direct-current energy storage device 100 consists of a high-voltage storage battery system 110, a high-voltage super capacitor system 120 and a monitoring module 130; the bidirectional energy control and conversion device 200 is composed of a bidirectional conversion channel 210, a bidirectional short-time high-power channel 220, an emergency relief module 230, a contactor through channel 240, and an energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module 250. The airborne power supply system comprises an aviation high-power starting power generation system 300, a bus bar and electric equipment 400, wherein the bus bar comprises a charging bus bar 500 and an airborne 270V high-voltage bus bar 600, the electric equipment 400 comprises an electric load 410(EMA, EHA, an electric pump and the like) and a non-electric load 420 (various constant-power loads), and the electric equipment 400 is connected with the starting power generation system 300 through the airborne 270V airborne high-voltage bus bar 600. The connection relationship of the energy feedback and management system in the onboard power supply system is as follows: the high voltage battery system 110 is connected to the charging bus bar 500 via the bidirectional conversion channel 210; the high-voltage battery system 110 is connected to an onboard 270V high-voltage bus bar 600 through a bidirectional conversion channel 210 and a contactor through channel 240 respectively; the high-voltage super capacitor system 120 is connected to an onboard 270V high-voltage bus bar 600 through a bidirectional short-time high-power channel 220; the emergency relief module 230 is connected with an onboard 270V high-voltage bus bar 600; the monitoring module 130 of the high-voltage energy storage device is connected with the high-voltage battery system 110, the high-voltage super capacitor system 120 and the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module 250, and monitors and feeds back the state of the energy storage device; the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module 250 is connected with the monitoring module 130, the bidirectional conversion channel 210, the bidirectional short-time high-power channel 220, the emergency relief module 230 and the contactor through channel of the high-voltage energy storage device 100 to perform system state monitoring and energy bidirectional flow control.

Referring to fig. 1, the high voltage battery system 110 of the 270V high voltage dc energy storage device 100 performs low power energy management. Its main functions are three: the first is that at the start of the aircraft engine, the starter generator is supplied with power through the contactor through channel 240 and the bidirectional conversion channel 210; secondly, when the power generation system 300 operates normally, low-power energy feedback absorption and self capacity management (including charging and discharging) are carried out, and the power quality of the airborne power supply system is improved; and thirdly, when the power generation system fails, the power is independently supplied to the 270V bus bar as an on-board emergency power supply. The rated parameters of the high voltage battery system 110 are determined according to the design criteria of the energy management system, including emergency power requirements, instantaneous power requirements, and volume-to-weight requirements: firstly, determining energy storage capacity according to emergency power supply requirements; secondly, determining the instantaneous output capacity according to the instantaneous power demand; and finally, integrating the two requirements and the volume and weight requirement, and selecting the storage battery with small volume and weight according to the energy storage capacity and the instantaneous output capacity.

Referring to fig. 1, the high-voltage supercapacitor system 120 of the 270V high-voltage dc energy storage device 100 performs high-power energy management. The main function of the system is to perform high-power energy compensation, energy feedback absorption and self capacity management (including charging and discharging) when the power generation system normally operates, and improve the power supply quality of the airborne power supply system. The rated parameters of the high voltage supercapacitor system 120 are determined according to the design criteria of the energy management system, including instantaneous power demand, short-time energy demand, and volume-to-weight demand: firstly, determining the instantaneous output capacity according to the instantaneous power demand; secondly, determining the energy storage capacity according to the short-time energy requirement; and finally, selecting the super capacitor with small volume and weight according to the instantaneous output capacity and the energy storage capacity.

Referring to fig. 1, the monitoring module 130 of the 270V high voltage dc energy storage device 100 performs state monitoring of the battery and the super capacitor. The structure of the digital circuit is a digital circuit with an energy storage single element sampling sensor. The system has the main functions of calculating the state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery and the super capacitor by sampling the terminal voltage and the output current of the storage battery and the super capacitor, identifying faults, and feeding state information back to the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module 250 to carry out comprehensive control on the energy management system. The state information fed back by the monitoring module comprises a storage battery end voltage, a storage battery output current, a storage battery charge state, a storage battery fault signal, a super capacitor end voltage, a super capacitor output current, a super capacitor charge state and a super capacitor fault signal.

Referring to fig. 2, the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module 250 of the bidirectional energy control and conversion device 200 is a control core of the energy feedback and management system, and completes the collection of state information and the overall control of the energy feedback and management system. Its main functions include two types of basic management functions, bus bar voltage management and energy storage device capacity management. The structure of the system is that system state information is used as input, and control instructions of all channels are output through digital signal processing and logic judgment: the system state information comprises bus bar voltage, bus bar current, storage battery charge state, super capacitor charge state, current at the output end of the bidirectional conversion channel 210 and current at the output end of the bidirectional short-time high-power channel 220; the digital signal processing and judging logic is composed of six modules of two types, wherein the first type is bus bar voltage management and comprises super capacitor bus bar voltage management, storage battery bus bar voltage management, emergency release management and contactor direct connection management, and the second type is energy storage device capacity management and comprises super capacitor capacity management and storage battery capacity management; the output control commands of each channel comprise a single power supply signal of the bidirectional conversion channel 210, a current command signal of the bidirectional short-time high-power channel 220, an opening signal of the emergency release module 230 and an opening signal of the contactor through channel 240.

Referring to fig. 3, the logic decision of the bidirectional energy flow control and monitoring module 250 is determined according to input signals, including bus voltage, bus current, high-voltage energy storage device state of charge and fault signal, and the contents of the logic decision can be summarized as: firstly, when the aircraft engine is started, the high-voltage battery system 110 provides electric energy for the starter generator through the bidirectional conversion channel 210 and the contactor direct-through channel 240, so that the starter generator works in an electric state to drive the engine to start. Secondly, after the engine is started, a group of bidirectional DC-DC converters of the bidirectional conversion channel 210 charges the storage battery in a voltage-stabilizing constant-current charging mode until the storage battery is charged to a set value. And thirdly, when the aircraft power generation system operates normally, the control system monitors the voltage of the bus bar to manage the voltage of the bus bar. When the bus bar voltage is higher than 280V, or the bus bar voltage is larger than 275V and the differential is larger than 1500V/s, the bidirectional short-time high-power channel 220 is conducted to supply power to the super capacitor until the bus bar voltage is smaller than 275V. And when the bus bar voltage is higher than 275V, the bidirectional energy conversion channel is conducted to supply power to the storage battery until the bus bar voltage is less than 270.5V. When the bus voltage is less than 252V, or the bus voltage is less than 258V and the differential is less than-4000V/s, the bidirectional short-time high-power channel 220 is conducted to supply power by the super capacitor until the bus voltage is more than 258V. During energy management of the bi-directional short-term high-power channel 220, the bi-directional energy conversion channel is disabled. And fourthly, the aircraft power generation system normally operates, and when the bus bar voltage is 265-273V, the capacity (state of charge SOC) management is carried out on the storage battery and the super capacitor. The median interval of the storage battery capacity is 70% -90%, when the capacity is higher than 90%, the storage battery discharge management is carried out until the capacity is less than 80%; and when the capacity is lower than 70%, entering storage battery charging management until the capacity is higher than 80%. The median interval of the super capacitor capacity is 65% -85%, when the capacity is higher than 85%, the super capacitor discharge management is carried out until the capacity is less than 75%; and when the capacity is lower than 65%, entering super capacitor charging management until the capacity is higher than 75%. The priority of the super capacitor capacity management is higher than that of the storage battery capacity management, and the capacity management of the energy storage device is forbidden during the bus bar voltage management period. And when the capacity of the super capacitor and the storage battery is higher than 98%, forbidding the voltage management function of the bus bar of the energy storage device, and considering that the high-voltage energy storage system works abnormally. At this time, if the bus bar voltage is greater than 280V, the emergency discharging module 230 is controlled to be turned on, and the feedback energy is discharged through the high-power resistor until the bus bar voltage is less than 275V. When the aircraft power generation system fails, the high-voltage battery system 110 serves as an onboard emergency power supply and supplies power to the bus bars through the bidirectional conversion channel 210. At this time, if the bidirectional conversion channel 210 fails, the contactor through channel 240 directly transfers the energy of the storage battery to the bus bar, so that the emergency power demand of the airborne equipment is met. The logic decision of the bi-directional energy control and conversion device 200 is innovative in that the response speed of the control logic is improved by introducing a bus bar voltage differential signal.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, after determining the working channel through logic decision, the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module 250 calculates the current instruction of the corresponding channel according to the state information, and controls the working states of the bidirectional conversion channel 210 and the bidirectional short-time high-power channel 220 through the current instruction value: if the current instruction value is zero, the corresponding channel is closed, and the conduction loss is reduced; if the current instruction value is not zero, the corresponding channel is opened, and energy bidirectional flow control is performed according to the current instruction value. During the voltage management and the capacity management of the storage battery bus bar, the current instruction value of the bidirectional conversion channel 210 is a constant value; in the super capacitor bus bar voltage management period, the current instruction value of the bidirectional short-time high-power channel 220 is a variable value, and the value is calculated by a voltage loop PID controller 800 with current feedforward; during the super capacitor capacity management, the current command value of the bidirectional short-time high-power channel 220 is a variable value, and the value is given by the scheduled transition process. The differentiated signal in the voltage loop PID controller with current feed forward 800 is extracted by a tracking differentiator with high frequency noise suppression capability. The arranged transition process takes a step command as input, a transition differential equation is designed according to the active disturbance rejection control theory, and a smooth transition signal is output. The innovation of the bidirectional energy control and conversion device 200 in calculating the channel command current is as follows: a tracking differentiator with high-frequency noise suppression capability is adopted to extract a bus bar voltage differential signal, and the control performance is improved.

As shown in fig. 5, the bidirectional power control and conversion device 200 includes a bidirectional conversion channel 210 for performing bidirectional power flow control of the high voltage battery system 110. The system consists of a double-parallel Buck-Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter 710 and a corresponding control circuit, wherein the input end of the double-parallel Buck-Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with the high-voltage storage battery system 110, and the output end of the double-parallel Buck-Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with the charging bus bar 500 and the 270V high-voltage bus bar 600. Its main functions are two: the first is to control the bidirectional energy flow of the high-voltage battery system 110 in a constant current mode, and perform starter generator power supply, low-power energy feedback absorption and battery capacity management (including charging and discharging); secondly, when the power generation system has a fault, the high-voltage battery system 110 is controlled to supply power to the 270V high-voltage bus bar 600 independently in a constant-voltage current-limiting mode.

As shown in fig. 5, the bidirectional conversion channel 210 has two control modes, i.e., a constant-current mode and a constant-voltage current-limiting mode: in the constant current mode, a current loop PI controller is adopted to calculate the error of a current instruction and current feedback and give the PWM duty ratio of a switching tube; and in the constant-voltage current-limiting mode, a voltage and current loop double-loop PI controller is adopted, the voltage loop PI controller calculates the error of a voltage instruction and voltage feedback to give a current instruction, and the current loop PI controller calculates the error of the current instruction and the current feedback to give a PWM duty ratio of the switching tube.

Referring to fig. 6, the bidirectional short-term high-power channel 220 of the bidirectional energy control and conversion device 200 performs the bidirectional energy flow control of the high-voltage supercapacitor system 120. The Buck/Boost converter consists of a non-isolated Buck/Boost converter and a corresponding control circuit, wherein the input end of the Buck/Boost converter is connected to the high-voltage super-capacitor system 120, and the output end of the Buck/Boost converter is connected to the 270V high-voltage bus bar 600. Its main function is to control the bidirectional energy flow of the high-voltage super capacitor system 120 in a constant current mode, and to perform high-power energy compensation, high-power energy feedback absorption, and super capacitor capacity management (including charging and discharging). In the constant current mode, a current loop PI controller is adopted to calculate the error of a current instruction and current feedback, the PWM duty ratio of a switching tube is given, and energy bidirectional flow control is realized.

The emergency bleed-off module 230 of the bi-directional energy control and conversion device 200 completes the bleed-off of the feedback energy in the emergency fault state. The structure of the energy-saving control circuit is an energy consumption resistor, a contactor and a corresponding control circuit, and a control signal is given by the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module 250. Its main function is when high-pressure energy storage system trouble, through emergent bleeder module 230 with the energy consumption of repayment on the busbar, avoid the busbar overvoltage problem that energy repayment caused.

The contactor through channel 240 of the bidirectional energy control and conversion device completes the direct power supply of the high-voltage battery system to the 270V high-voltage bus bar. The structure of the device is that a contactor and a corresponding control circuit are adopted, the input end is connected with the high-voltage storage battery system 110, and the output end is connected with a 270V high-voltage bus bar 600; the control signal is given by the energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module. The main function of the bidirectional conversion device is that when the power generation system 300 and the bidirectional conversion channel 210 both have faults, the bidirectional conversion channel 210 serves as an emergency backup channel to directly transmit the energy of the storage battery to the bus bar, and the emergency power demand of the airborne equipment is met.

The technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the energy feedback and management system of the airborne power supply system adopts a parallel storage battery and super capacitor hybrid energy storage topological structure for the first time. The parallel-type topological hybrid energy storage device can fully exert the advantages of the storage battery and the super capacitor, the storage battery is used for long-term low-power energy management, the super capacitor is used for short-term high-power energy compensation and absorption, the management power range is wide, and the parallel-type topological hybrid energy storage device is fully suitable for the characteristics of low average power and high peak power of reproducible feedback aviation high-power electric actuation loads.

(2) The bidirectional energy control and conversion device based on the parallel topology framework is designed, the overall control logic is constructed, and the reliable operation of the parallel topology energy feedback and management system is ensured.

(3) In an energy bidirectional flow control and monitoring module of the bidirectional energy control and conversion device, a tracking differentiator with high-frequency noise suppression capability is adopted to extract a bus bar voltage differential signal, and the bus bar voltage differential is introduced, so that the response speed of a control logic is improved; during the bus bar voltage management period, the voltage PID controller with current feedforward is adopted to perform voltage stabilization control, and the stability of the bus bar voltage during the high-power feedback bus bar voltage management period is improved.

(4) The energy feedback and management system of the airborne power supply system not only can realize the absorption and utilization of the regenerated electric energy of the high-power electric actuating load, but also can use the high-voltage storage battery system as an emergency power supply of the airborne electric equipment when the power generation system fails, thereby improving the reliability of the aircraft electrical system.

According to the invention, through innovatively designing the energy feedback and management system of the airborne power supply system with the parallel hybrid energy storage topological structure, the absorption and utilization of the regenerated electric energy of the high-power electric actuator are realized, the power supply quality of the airborne power supply system is improved, the reliability of the aircraft electrical system is improved, and the system has the advantages of wide power range, small volume and light weight.

It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.