阅读说明：本技术 蛋白质水凝胶、其制备方法和用途 (Protein hydrogel, preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 马尔钦·普热梅斯拉夫·克日考斯基 雷纳塔·克日考斯卡 于 2020-02-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种基于低浓度的组分试剂A和试剂B产生的新蛋白质水凝胶,蛋白质水凝胶的制备方法,以及其用于健康和肿瘤细胞两者的、细胞系和原代细胞两者的细胞培养、包括2D和3D细胞培养的用途。(The present invention relates to a novel protein hydrogel produced on the basis of low concentrations of the components reagent a and reagent B, a method for the preparation of the protein hydrogel, and its use for cell culture of both healthy and tumor cells, both cell lines and primary cells, including 2D and 3D cell cultures.)

1. A protein hydrogel comprising: reagent A, which is gelatin or collagen; agent B, which is a cross-linking agent GTA and a solvent, characterized in that agent A is present in a final concentration of 0.15% to 1.5% by weight, the ratio of agent A to agent B in one part of the hydrogel being 0.375-4.5mg to 0.01-0.15 mg.

2. The protein hydrogel of claim 1, wherein the final concentration of reagent a is from 0.25% to 1% by weight and the ratio of reagent a to reagent B in a portion of the hydrogel is from 0.625-3mg to 0.0135-0.075 mg.

3. The protein hydrogel of claim 2, wherein the final concentration of reagent a is 0.3 wt% to 0.8 wt%, and the ratio of reagent a to reagent B in one portion of the hydrogel is 0.75-2.4mg to 0.021-0.045 mg.

4. A protein hydrogel according to any preceding claim, wherein the gelatin is a gelatin having a Bloom value of at least 225, preferably a Bloom value of 300.

5. The protein hydrogel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said solvent is an aqueous solution, more preferably from the group consisting of: dH₂O, PBS, HBSS, most preferably PBS.

6. A method of producing the protein hydrogel of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:

a) adding a suitable amount of reagent A in an aqueous solution, wherein the reagent A is gelatin or collagen, and the aqueous solution is preferably selected from the following group: dH₂O, PBS, HBSS, most preferably PBS;

b) heating the mixture of step a) to dissolve the gel;

c) optionally initially stabilizing the gel;

d) preparing a reagent B by dissolving the reagent B, which is a cross-linking agent GTA, in an aqueous solution and cooling it;

e) adding reagent B prepared in step d) to the gel prepared in step c);

f) optionally mixing the obtained mixture;

g) crosslinking;

h) optionally purifying the hydrogel with excess reagent B,

characterized in that agent A is present at a final concentration of 0.15 to 1.5% by weight, the ratio of agent A to agent B in one portion of the hydrogel is 0.375-4.5mg to 0.01-0.15mg, and the initial stabilization of the gel occurs when the gel reaches a temperature of 0 ℃ to 12 ℃ and has a duration of at least about 5 minutes; steps d) -g) are carried out at a reduced temperature of about 0 ℃ to about 12 ℃, the duration of crosslinking in step g) being at least 12 hours.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the final concentration of agent A is 0.25 to 1% by weight and the ratio of agent A to agent B in one portion of the hydrogel is 0.625-3mg to 0.0135-0.075 mg.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the final concentration of reagent a is between 0.3 wt.% and 0.8 wt.% and the ratio of reagent a to reagent B in one portion of the hydrogel is between 0.75-2.4mg to 0.021-0.045 mg.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the duration of the initial stabilization is 30 minutes to 48 hours, most preferably 45 minutes to 24 hours.

10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the duration of the cross-linking is more than 48 hours, most preferably more than 72 hours.

11. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that, if the purification of the hydrogel in step h) takes place, the purification is carried out as follows: by rinsing with an aqueous solution, preferably an aqueous solution for cell culture, preferably PBS, or by neutralizing agent B, preferably by adding L-lysine.

12. Use of the protein hydrogel of claims 1-5 for cell culture.

13. Use according to claim 12 for 3D cell culture.

14. Use of a protein hydrogel produced by the method according to claim 6 for performing an angiogenesis assay, wherein the duration of the initial stabilization in step c) is 10 to 90 minutes, preferably 15 to 60 minutes, most preferably 40 to 55 minutes, and the duration of the crosslinking reaction at the reduced temperature is more than 60 hours, and the final concentration of agent A is about 0.35-0.55 wt%, the ratio of agent A to agent B in one part of the hydrogel being 0.875-1.375mg to 0.024-0.036 mg.

15. Use according to claim 14, in one portion of hydrogel the ratio of agent a to agent B is 1-1.25mg to 0.027-0.033 mg.

16. Use according to claim 15, in a portion of said hydrogel the ratio of agent a to agent B is 1-0.03mg to 0.01-0.15mg, maintaining such ratio in a portion of said hydrogel: the mass of reagent A was 1mg per 0.03mg of reagent B.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to protein hydrogels, methods of their preparation and their use for cell culture of both healthy and tumor cells, both cell lines and primary cells, including 2D and 3D cell culture; for migration and invasion assays in hydrogels under 3D conditions, for angiogenesis assays and for aortic budding assays (aortic sprouting assays).

Background

There are many different types of media available for cell culture in a three-dimensional environment. They can generally be divided into several types: protein hydrogels, synthetic hydrogels, scaffolds, pendant drop methods, and the like.

The advantage of protein hydrogels is that they most closely approximate the physiological environment in which cells grow. Currently, the most frequently used material for cell culture under three-dimensional conditions is a hydrogel, the components of which are composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In addition to this, other hydrogels produced from synthetic peptides are also useful, but they are less common. In another aspect, collagen and gelatin are used to coat culture surfaces in two-dimensional cell culture.

Collagen is also used in three-dimensional culture. Typically, hydrogels that crosslink with changes in pH are used. At low pH, collagen (e.g., rat tail collagen) dissolves, and after adding a medium with a more neutral pH thereto, the collagen gels and a culture can grow thereon. Gelatin is a product of partial hydrolysis of collagen fibers. Among the available gelatin species, two basic types can be identified, namely an acidic type (i.e., a type that undergoes hydrolysis in an acidic environment) and a basic type (i.e., a type that undergoes hydrolysis in a basic environment). Based on the values that determine the gelation strength, gelatins with different Bloom values were identified. The higher the Bloom value, the greater the gelling strength.

Currently, hydrogels that enable 3D cell culture and angiogenesis assays are commercially available. One of several examples of products that enable angiogenesis assays to be performed are(and derivatives thereof). The main components of Matrigel are laminin, type IV glue extracted from murine tumors (i.e. Engelbreth-Holm-swarm (EHS) sarcoma)Pro-, proteoglycan-, nidogen and growth factor. US patent US4829000 discloses compositions for cell culture and methods for producing biologically active extracts. The use of collagen for angiogenesis assays is also known from Orci et al, a simple in vitro model of angiogenesis, Cell Biology International Reports, Vol.9, 1985, but the use of collagen is described in the prior art as labor intensive and gives poor reproducibility of results. Hydrogels whose basic building material is gelatin and particularly methacrylic gelatin (FastLink GelMA) are also commercially available, an exemplary producer of such hydrogels being Stemorgan inc. However, these hydrogels use gelatin at a concentration of about 10%, which greatly exceeds the gelatin concentration range proposed in the present invention. Furthermore, the gelatin in GelMA is crosslinked with initiators which generate free radicals under the influence of uv radiation.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogel based on a mixture of low concentrations which will solve the existing problems known in the prior art and which is less toxic, while reducing the production costs and increasing the production efficiency. Due to the components used, the novel hydrogels have a significantly greater reproducibility than the hydrogels known from the prior art. This reproducibility results from two fundamental features of the new hydrogels. First, the new hydrogels are essentially free of growth factors compared to the hydrogels known in the prior art for two reasons: firstly, gelatin production techniques greatly reduce the survival potential of growth factors, and secondly, during the crosslinking reaction of gelatin with Glutaraldehyde (GTA), possible residual amounts of growth factors are inactivated. A second reason for the reproducibility of new hydrogels is the reproducibility of their component concentrations.

It is known in the art to use fibrin-supplemented collagen as a component of a 3D Model for tumor Cell Culture, from DOILLON et al, three-dimensional Culture System as a Model for student Cell Invasion Capacity and Anticancer Drug Sensitivity, Anticancer Research 24: 2169-. Furthermore, as seen from Yamada and Even-Ram Cell migration in 3D matrix 2005, the use of 3D Cell culture is known, which is based on collagen and fibrin to test the potential of tumor cells to invade and migrate into the interior of the hydrogel.

The use of 3D endothelial Cell cultures, which are based on collagen and fibrin and make it possible to perform angiogenesis assays, is also known in the prior art from MONTESANO et al, Vascular outer groups from tissue explants embedded in fibrous or collagen gels, a simple in vitro model of angiogenesis, Cell Biology International Reports, Vol.9, No. 10, 1985. However, these hydrogels did not contain GTA.

GTA (glutaraldehyde) is one of the most frequently used chemical cross-linking agents, in particular because it efficiently stabilizes collagen materials by reaction of the free amino groups of lysine or the amino acid residues of hydroxylysine of the polypeptide chain with aldehyde groups. However, in the case of cell culture, the disadvantage is toxicity, even at very low concentrations. As disclosed in Ou and Yang The micro patterning of The gelled gel and The its application to The cell-culture, Lab on a Chip,2005, this problem has been attempted to be solved by washing The hydrogel with water in order to remove The residue after wetting in 45% GTA, but even after an additional rinsing step The concentration of GTA used is still so high that The hydrogel produced according to The disclosed method has a different quality than The hydrogel of The present invention.

In contrast, Bigi et al, Mechanical and thermal properties of gelatin films at differential degrees, Biomaterials 22(2001)763-768 shows that hydrogel compositions containing GTA crosslinked gelatin are characterized by good stability. According to the results presented in the range of 0.1% to 1% GTA, the degree of crosslinking increases from 60% to 100% and the thermal and mechanical properties are correspondingly different, which is why it is possible to adjust the physicochemical properties of the membrane with different GTA concentrations. However, the GTA concentration is still high enough to not allow cell culture on hydrogels prepared in this way.

Document CN105316285 discloses a method for producing a medium for 3D cell culture, which comprises dissolving collagen in acetic acid, dissolving chitosan in acetic acid, mixing them, drying, then adding GTA, and allowing them to stand for 8-16 hours to crosslink and purify the obtained hydrogel.

There is currently no hydrogel in the prior art that is produced by crosslinking proteins with low concentrations of GTA. By reducing the concentration while reducing the ratio of GTA to the amount of lysine that can be bound, a hydrogel with better physicochemical properties and lower toxicity is obtained, which enables the use of the hydrogel of the invention in 2D and 3D cell cultures of both healthy and tumor cells, in migration and invasion assays in hydrogels under 3D conditions, in performing angiogenesis assays or in performing aortic budding assays.

However, there is still a need to develop a hydrogel with precisely selected qualities (e.g. density, stiffness and elasticity) which in this way will be able to be used extensively in tests, for example for performing angiogenesis assays. In the present invention, the precise selection of density and stiffness parameters is suitably made by varying the concentrations of gelatin or collagen and GTA. Elasticity is the result of the above two parameter modifications and the hydrogel production process. The level of crosslinking determines the parameters of the final product and only the techniques described by the present inventors are able to reduce the concentration to a level sufficient to enable the hydrogel parameters of the present invention to be obtained.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a hydrogel for use in performing angiogenesis assays (angiogenesis assays, in vitro angiogenesis assays, endothelial cell tube formation assays). The novel hydrogels are also used for other cell cultures such as tumor cell cultures, lab-on-a-chip cultures, plant and bacterial cell cultures and flow cultures.

Another technical problem solved by the present invention is to eliminate the toxicity still present after the GTA has been reacted with gelatin. With the removal of the amount of GTA used in the present invention (which is already residual), the hydrogel produced enables even the most sensitive cells to grow.

Furthermore, an extremely important feature of the present invention is the economic aspect. First, it is possible to react GTA with gelatin so that hydrogels can be produced at such low concentrations. Furthermore, the relatively inexpensive reagents used in the present invention significantly reduce costs while increasing efficiency and cost effectiveness of production, and the claimed product is capable of functioning on a much larger scale.

An extremely important aspect is the fact that the protein hydrogels produced in this way are cell culture products with much higher reproducibility than the products commercially available today with a similar range of applications. The protein hydrogel of the invention is the only product in such products that does not contain growth factors and has significantly improved product reproducibility. It is essentially free of growth factors or it is free of growth factors, as the manufacture of each commercially available component inactivates residual growth factors that may be present therein, and additionally, growth factors are inactivated during the reaction with GTA. The high reproducibility of the protein hydrogels of the present invention stems only from the fact that: which are synthesized from commercially available components, whereby their concentrations can be selected and controlled very precisely in the final product.

The subject of the present invention is a protein hydrogel comprising: reagent A, which is gelatin or collagen; agent B, which is a cross-linking agent GTA (glutaraldehyde) and a solvent, said protein hydrogel being characterized in that agent A is present in a final concentration of 0.15% to 1.5% by weight, the ratio of agent A to agent B being 0.375-4.5mg to 0.01-0.15mg in one part of the hydrogel.

Preferably, the final concentration of reagent A is 0.25 to 1% by weight, and the ratio of reagent A to reagent B in one part of hydrogel is 0.625-3mg to 0.0135-0.075 mg.

Particularly preferably, the final concentration of reagent A is 0.3 to 0.8% by weight, and the ratio of reagent A to reagent B in one part of hydrogel is 0.75-2.4mg to 0.021-0.045 mg.

Preferably, the protein hydrogel of the invention is characterized in that the gelatin is a gelatin having a Bloom value of at least 225, preferably a Bloom value of 300.

Preferably, the protein hydrogel of the present invention is characterized in that the solvent is an aqueous solution, more preferably selected from the group consisting of: dH₂O, PBS, HBSS, and most preferably PBS.

Another subject of the invention is a process for producing the protein hydrogel of the invention, comprising the following steps:

a) an appropriate amount of agent a (which is gelatin or collagen) is added to an aqueous solution, preferably selected from the group consisting of: dH₂O, PBS, HBSS, and PBS is most preferred.

b) Heating the mixture of step a) to dissolve the gel;

c) optionally, an initial stabilizing gel;

d) preparing reagent B by dissolving reagent B (which is a cross-linking agent GTA) in an aqueous solution and allowing it to cool;

e) adding the reagent B prepared in step d) to the gel prepared in step c);

f) optionally mixing the obtained mixture;

g) crosslinking;

h) optionally purifying the hydrogel with excess reagent B,

characterized in that agent A is present in a final concentration of 0.15 to 1.5% by weight, the ratio of agent A to agent B in one part of the hydrogel is 0.375-4.5mg to 0.01-0.15mg, the initial stabilization of the gel occurs when the gel reaches a temperature of 0-12 ℃ and its duration is at least about 5 minutes; steps d) -g) are carried out at a reduced temperature of about 0 ℃ to about 12 ℃, the duration of crosslinking in step g) being at least 12 hours.

The addition of the reagent B prepared in step d) to the gel prepared in step c) can be carried out by adding the reagent B to the gel or to an already gelled gel.

Preferably, the final concentration of reagent A is from 0.25 to 1% by weight, and the ratio of reagent A to reagent B in one part of hydrogel is 0.625-3mg to 0.0135-0.075 mg.

Particularly preferably, the concentration of reagent A is 0.3 to 0.8% by weight, and the ratio of reagent A to reagent B in one part of hydrogel is 0.75-2.4mg to 0.021-0.045 mg.

Preferably, the duration of the initial stabilization is from 30 minutes to 48 hours, most preferably from 45 minutes to 24 hours.

Preferably, the duration of crosslinking is more than 48 hours, most preferably more than 72 hours.

If hydrogel purification takes place in step h), it is preferably carried out by rinsing (rinsing) with an aqueous solution, preferably an aqueous solution for cell culture, preferably PBS, or by neutralizing agent B, preferably by addition of L-lysine.

The optional purification of the hydrogel with excess reagent B in step h) of the process described above is carried out by means of each substance capable of reacting with-CHO groups and of deactivating them. An example of such a substance is L-lysine, but also includes the unbound side chain-NH-containing lysine₂The protein of (1). Such a substance is used in order to neutralize toxic cross-linking substances (e.g. GTA comprising two — CHO groups). This substance was used at a concentration that was a multiple of the molar concentration of — CHO groups added when the hydrogel was produced. For example, when 30 μ l of 0.1% GTA is used, then about 0.6 x 10^-3The moles of — CHO groups are present in such volumes. The use of L-lysine at a concentration of 10X (ten fold) means that the number of moles of L-lysine added is 10 times the number of moles of-CHO groups added to produce the hydrogel. L-lysine contains only one-NH group in the side chain₂A group capable of binding a — CHO group and is typically added in a volume equal to the initial volume of the hydrogel.

Another subject of the invention is the use of the protein hydrogels according to the invention for cell culture, preferably for 3D cell culture.

A further subject of the present invention is the use of a protein hydrogel produced by the method of the invention for carrying out angiogenesis assays, wherein the duration of the initial stabilization in step c) is from 10 to 90 minutes, preferably from 15 to 60 minutes, most preferably from 40 to 55 minutes and the duration of the crosslinking is more than 60 hours, and the final concentration of agent a is from 0.35 to 0.55%, wherein the ratio is maintained in one part of the hydrogel such that the mass of agent a is in the range from 0.875mg to 1.375mg per 0.024mg to 0.036mg of agent B.

Preferably, such a ratio is maintained in one part of the hydrogel that the mass of agent a is in the range of 1mg to 1.25mg per 0.027mg to 0.033mg of agent B.

Particularly preferably, such a ratio is maintained in one part of the hydrogel that the mass of agent A is 1mg per 0.03mg of agent B.

Reducing the concentration of GTA to values below 0.15mg (i.e. 0.5% in 30 μ l or 0.05% in 300 μ l), adding GTA to gelatin at concentrations between 0.15% and 1.5% (i.e. to 250 μ l or 300 μ l respectively), not only reduces its toxicity (which is then easier to remove), but most importantly, makes it possible to change the elasticity and viscosity of the hydrogel, thereby influencing the parameters of cell growth and providing a completely new opportunity.

The terms used herein have the generally accepted meaning in the art.

The term "reduced temperature" means a temperature in the range of about 0 ℃ to about 12 ℃, preferably about 0 ℃ to about 8 ℃, particularly preferably on ice, which expression can be used interchangeably with the expression "refrigerator temperature".

The term "about" is intended to mean that a given numerical value has a defined value, however, that value may have a 10% error.

The term "aqueous solution" preferably means an aqueous solution for cell culture, preferably selected from: dH₂O, PBS, HBSS, PBS being particularly preferred.

The terms "cross-linker", "agent B" means a chemical compound that performs the function of linking two or more protein chains. Protein chains are linked by amino acid side chains or amino acids at the ends of the protein. The attachment of proteins is called cross-linking when a protein network is created due to the attachment of protein chains, also called a hydrogel. As shown In the examples In the work of Sun et al, evaluation of protein hydrogel crosslinking with a variable crosslinking agent as a biological additive, In vitro study, Journal of biological materials Research,1999, protein crosslinking may occur with the enumeration of exemplary protein crosslinking mechanismsE.g. by-NH₂Or a-COOH functional group. As disclosed in Bigi et al, the crosslinking agent is preferably pentane-1, 5-diol (glutaraldehyde, GTA). GTA by covalently binding-NH between proteins₂The groups cross-link gelatin or collagen and, in addition, stabilize them by binding to those groups within a protein.

The term "protein hydrogel portion/well" means an exemplary portion, the proportions given in the claims being observed during the production of the portion. Two examples of "aliquots" were used, 250. mu.l of gel, to which 30. mu.l GTA was added (to the interior of the gel, resulting in a target volume of 280. mu.l hydrogel). Another example of a serving is a 300. mu.l gel serving on the surface of which 300. mu.l GTA is added-here the serving is limited to 300. mu.l hydrogel, since the GTA added to the surface of the gel does not mix with the gel itself and therefore does not increase the volume of the final resulting hydrogel. The applied agent B diffuses into the gels in such a way that a crosslinking reaction takes place in these gels and the remaining excess is removed from the hydrogel surface by suction. For the purposes of the present invention, the volume of the hydrogel parts given above and disclosed in the embodiments is presented. However, protection also covers smaller and larger amounts of agent a and agent B, the ratio of agent a to agent B being observed as described in the specification.

"agent A" means gelatin or collagen, but also any other protein obtained from a living organism having the same or similar amino acid sequence as gelatin or collagen, as well as recombinant proteins (i.e.obtained by production in a genetically altered organism).

Drawings

The subject matter of the invention is illustrated in the description and drawings, in which:

figure 1-shows tube-forming HUVEC endothelial cells on hydrogel. This test is a model assay that demonstrates angiogenesis. It supports both pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic tests.

Figure 2-shows 4T1 cells cultured on hydrogel, which form a three-dimensional structure, i.e. spheroids. After long-term culture, migration of cells between adjacent spheroids was observed. Fig. 2A shows 4T1 cells at 14 days post-inoculation, and fig. 2B shows 4T1 cells at 17 days post-inoculation.

FIG. 3-shows a culture well half-filled with hydrogel and poured with culture medium. Various cell growth and behavior depending on the hydrogel are demonstrated. Panels a and C show growth and migration on a hard, thick hydrogel, and panels B and D show growth and migration on a soft, thin hydrogel. Panel a shows cell growth on the hydrogel surface, which is a 3D growth, but on the hydrogel surface. Panel B shows cell growth into the hydrogel. Panel C shows migration on the hydrogel surface. Panel D shows two clumps that have grown into the hydrogel and cells migrating between them inside the hydrogel.

Detailed Description

The following embodiments are presented for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and are not to be construed as limiting.

EXAMPLE I production of protein hydrogels

To produce 60 parts of a hydrogel with a concentration of 0.4%, 0.06g A type Bloom 300 gelatin was weighed out and dissolved in 14.94ml of PBS solution. Each portion of hydrogel contained 0.001g of gelatin. The solution was heated at 37 ℃ to dissolve the gel, and then sterilized by filtration. The gel prepared in this manner was pipetted into a 48-well plate at 250. mu.l per well and placed in a refrigerator for cooling and then stabilized in the refrigerator for 45 minutes. The remaining 12 gels were not used. By taking 0.03mg GTA and supplementing to 30. mu.l dH₂In O, 0.1% GTA was prepared in dH in advance₂The solution in O was cooled in a refrigerator for 30 minutes. To the cooled, stabilized but ungelled gel was added 30. mu.l of GTA solution. Addition of GTA occurred on ice. In each portion of hydrogel, there was about 0.03mg GTA. The plates with GTA containing gel added were then placed in a refrigerator for 72 hours. Thereafter, the resulting hydrogel was purified of excess GTA by hydrogel neutralization by addition of L-lysine. L-lysine at a concentration of 10X dissolved in PBS was used. Lysine was incubated with the hydrogel for 24 hours. The hydrogel prepared in this manner was supplied toThe steps are used.

EXAMPLE II production of protein hydrogels

To produce 50 parts of a hydrogel with a concentration of 0.7%, 0.105g of Bloom 300 gelatin type A was weighed out and dissolved in 14.895ml of PBS solution. Each portion of hydrogel contained 0.0021g of gelatin. The solution was heated at 37 ℃ to dissolve the gel, and then sterilized by filtration. The gel was pipetted into 48-well plates at 300. mu.l per well. The remaining 2 gels were not used. The plates prepared in this way were placed in a refrigerator for 2 hours. By taking 0.06mg GTA and supplementing to 300. mu.l dH₂O, 0.02% GTA in dH was prepared in advance₂The solution in O and cooled in a refrigerator for a minimum of 30 minutes. Mu.l of GTA solution was gently poured onto the surface of the gelled gel and placed in a refrigerator for 24 hours. Addition of GTA occurred on ice. In each portion of hydrogel, there was about 0.06mg GTA. Thereafter, excess GTA in the resulting hydrogel was purified by rinsing the hydrogel 3 times with PBS. The hydrogels prepared in this way are ready for further use.

Example III

Endothelial (HUVEC) cells were seeded on the hydrogels prepared in example I at a density of 15,000 cells/well of 48-well plates (depending on the particular cell line batch and number of cell divisions, the density of seeded cells may vary from 5 to 50,000 cells/well of 48-well plates). Endothelial cells were cultured in EGMTM-2BulletKitTMLonza medium. The result of the experiment was that endothelial cells formed tubes on the hydrogel surface (fig. 1).

Example IV

Tumor 4T1 (murine breast cancer) cells were seeded at a density of 10,000 cells per well of a 48-well plate on the hydrogel prepared in example II. Cells were cultured in RPMI + 10% FBS medium. The result of the experiment was that the tumor cells formed spheroids (fig. 2).

Example V (comparative example using a prior art concentration)

Assays were performed in which hydrogels were produced according to the methods disclosed in the prior art (Bigi et al). For this purpose, water having a composition of 5% Bloom 300 gelatin type A (by mass) and GTA in the mass concentrations stated in tables 1 to 8 was preparedAnd (4) gelling. In the experiments shown in tables 1, 2, 3 and 4, the protein hydrogels were dried for 24 hours (drying was performed according to the description in publication Bigi et al), whereas in tables 5, 6, 7 and 8 the protein hydrogels prepared were crosslinked for 24 hours, wherein a denotes no-rinse hydrogel and B denotes the use of dH₂O rinsed 5 times, and C indicated 5 times rinsing with PBS. The rinsing step is not described in the cited publication. After the experiment, the resulting cells were evaluated: 0-no squamous cells; most likely all die; 1-presence of small amount of flattened cells; 2-there are a large number of flattened cells. The following table shows the results obtained.

The cell lines inoculated were: panc _02

TABLE 1

GTA concentration [% ]]	0.1	0.125	0.25	0.5
					A	0	0	0	0
B	0	0	0	0
					C	1	1	0	0

TABLE 2

GTA concentration [% ]]	1	1.5	2	2.5
					A	0	0	0	0
B	0	0	0	0
					C	0	0	0	0

TABLE 5

GTA concentration [% ]]	0.1	0.125	0.25	0.5
					A	0	0	0	0
B	0	0	0	0
					C	1	1	0	0

TABLE 6

GTA concentration [% ]]	1	2	3	4
					A	0	0	0	0
B	0	0	0	0
					C	0	0	0	0

The cell lines inoculated were: HUVEC

TABLE 3

GTA concentration [% ]]	0.1	0.125	0.25	0.5
					A	0	0	0	0
B	2	2	2	0
					C	2	2	2	2

TABLE 4

GTA concentration [% ]]	1	1.5	2	2.5
					A	0	0	0	0
B	0	0	0	0
					C	0	0	0	0

TABLE 7

GTA concentration [% ]]	0.1	0.125	0.25	0.5
					A	0	0	0	0
B	1	1	1	0
					C	2	1	1	1

TABLE 8

GTA concentration [% ]]	1	1.5	2	2.5
					A	0	0	0	0
B	0	0	0	0
					C	1	1	1	1

The above data indicate that cells do not grow or grow flat on the higher concentration hydrogels of the prior art. In the case of the HUVEC cell line, it prevented angiogenesis, i.e. an angiogenesis assay was performed. In the case of the Panc _02 cell line, this means that the cells can grow if the cross-linking agent has been properly removed/neutralized, but the growth is on hard media, so the cells flatten out, which is typical of standard 2D culture.

Example VI-with dH₂Production of protein hydrogel by O solvent

To produce 50 parts of hydrogel (300. mu.l each) at a concentration of 0.3%, 0.045g of Bloom 300 type A gelatin was weighed out and dissolved in 14.955ml dH₂And (4) in O. Each portion of hydrogel contained 0.0009g of gelatin. The solution was heated to 37 ℃ for 30 minutes to dissolve the gel, and then sterilized by filtration. The gel prepared in this manner was pipetted into a 48-well plate at 300. mu.l per well. Both were not pipetted yet for disposal. The 48-well plate containing 48 parts of the gel was put into a refrigerator to be cooled and then stabilized at the refrigerator temperature for 23 hours. By taking 0.0105mg GTA and supplementing to 300. mu.l dH₂O, 0.0035% by mass of GTA in dH was prepared in advance₂O and its temperature is lowered to the refrigerator temperature by letting it stand in the refrigerator for a minimum of 30 minutes. In the state of cooling and stabilityOn the surface of the fixed and gelled gel, 300. mu.l of the cooled GTA solution was added. The addition of GTA was performed on ice. The slab into which the gel containing GTA was poured was then placed in a refrigerator for 72 hours. In each portion of hydrogel, there was about 0.0105mg GTA. Thereafter, excess GTA in the resulting hydrogel was purified by rinsing the hydrogel 3 times with PBS. The hydrogels prepared in this way are ready for further use.

Example VII hydrogel production for cell culture without the need for the removal of toxic GTA residues

To produce 50 parts of hydrogel (250. mu.l each) at a concentration of 0.6%, 0.075g of Bloom 300 type A gelatin was weighed out and dissolved in 12.425ml of PBS. Each portion of hydrogel contained 0.0015g of gelatin. The solution was heated to 37 ℃ for 30 minutes to dissolve the gel, and then sterilized by filtration. The gel prepared in this manner was pipetted into a 48-well plate at 250. mu.l per well. 2 portions remain unabated for disposal. The 48-well plate containing 48 parts of the gel was put into a refrigerator to be cooled and then stabilized at the refrigerator temperature for 60 minutes. By taking 0.018mg GTA and replenishing to 30. mu.l dH₂O, 0.06 mass% of GTA was prepared in advance in dH₂O and its temperature is lowered to the refrigerator temperature by letting it stand in the refrigerator for a minimum of 30 minutes. To each of the cooled, stabilized but ungelled gels was added 30 μ l of the cooled GTA solution. The addition of GTA was performed on ice. The plates with GTA containing gel added were then placed in a refrigerator for 72 hours. In each portion of hydrogel, there was about 0.018mg GTA. The hydrogels prepared in this way are ready for further use.

EXAMPLE VIII production of protein hydrogels with type B gelatin

To produce 60 parts of hydrogel (250. mu.l each) at a concentration of 0.4%, 0.06g of type B gelatin was weighed out and dissolved in 14.940ml of PBS solution. Each portion of hydrogel contained 0.001g of gelatin. The solution was heated to 37 ℃ for 30 minutes to dissolve the gel, and then sterilized by filtration. The gel prepared in this manner was pipetted into a 48-well plate at 250. mu.l per well. Twelve were not pipetted yet to be disposed. 48-well plates containing 48 parts of gel were placedCooled in a refrigerator and then stabilized at refrigerator temperature for 50 minutes. By taking 0.045mg GTA and supplementing to 30. mu.l dH₂O, 0.15% by mass of GTA in dH was prepared in advance₂O and lowering its temperature to refrigerator temperature. To the cooled and partially stable but ungelled gel was added 30 μ l of the cooled GTA solution. Addition of GTA occurred on ice. In each protein hydrogel, there was about 0.045mg GTA. The slab into which the gel containing GTA was poured was then placed in a refrigerator for 72 hours. Thereafter, the resulting protein hydrogel was purified of excess GTA by rinsing the hydrogel 3 times with PBS. The hydrogels prepared in this way are ready for further use.

Example IX-reproducibility of angiogenesis

To produce 50 parts of hydrogel (250. mu.l each) at a concentration of 0.4%, 0.05g of Bloom 300 type A gelatin was weighed out and dissolved in 12.45ml PBS. Each portion of hydrogel contained 0.001g of gelatin. The solution was heated to 37 ℃ for 30 minutes to dissolve the gel, and then sterilized by filtration. The gel prepared in this manner was pipetted into a 48-well plate at 250. mu.l per well. 2 portions remain unabated for disposal. The 48-well plate containing 48 parts of the gel was put into a refrigerator to be cooled and then stabilized at the refrigerator temperature for 40 minutes. By taking 0.03mg GTA and supplementing to 30. mu.l dH₂O, 0.1% by mass of GTA in dH is prepared in advance₂O and its temperature is lowered to the refrigerator temperature by letting it stand in the refrigerator for a minimum of 30 minutes. To each of the cooled, stabilized but ungelled gels was added 30 μ l of the cooled GTA solution. The addition of GTA was performed on ice. The plates with GTA containing gel added were then placed in a refrigerator for 72 hours. In each portion of hydrogel, there was about 0.03mg GTA. The protein hydrogel prepared in this manner was rinsed 3 times with PBS. Protein hydrogels were prepared in 10 different production batches, repeated 4 times each.

On the protein hydrogel prepared in this manner, cells were seeded, and the cells were observed under a microscope after 10 hours of incubation. Table 9 below shows the results of the measurements, wherein:

a-cell forming well-shaped tubes

B-cells begin to form tubes

TABLE 9

Experiments have shown that one of the features of the method which is the subject of the present disclosure is the high reproducibility of the results. In all 40 attempts, the angiogenesis assay returned a positive result and only two were slightly delayed in time, possibly due to statistical error. The above results represent a significant improvement in the effectiveness of the angiogenesis assay compared to competing products.

The protein hydrogels which are the subject of the present invention make it possible to obtain a culture medium with precisely selected parameters, such as the density or the hardness of the hydrogel. These parameters have an influence on the replication of the physiological conditions under which the cells naturally grow, which in turn influences the behavior of said cells, such as: migration into the hydrogel, spheroid-forming ability, etc.