阅读说明：本技术 一种防旱涝的湿生花卉盆栽基质 (Drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophytic flower potting medium ) 是由 惠俊爱 周厚高 于 2021-09-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种防旱涝的湿生花卉盆栽基质,属于盆栽技术领域。所述盆栽基质原料按质量份计,包括园土30-50份,珍珠岩10-20份,蛭石10-15份,腐殖土20-40份,椰糠10-20份,吸水树脂1-3份,熟石灰3-5份。本发明盆栽基质中的腐殖质和椰糠能够提供湿生花卉必需的有机养分,聚丙烯酸钠能够起到水凝胶储存和释放水分的作用,当水分太多时,聚丙烯酸钠能够储存自身质量200-1000倍的水分,当水分太少时,聚丙烯酸钠能够将前期储存的水分释放出来供湿生花卉生长；吸水树脂与保温后的园土、珍珠岩、蛭石以及腐殖土、椰糠共同作用,在起到防旱、防涝作用的同时,为湿生花卉提供更全面的营养。(The invention discloses a drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophytic flower potting medium, and belongs to the technical field of potting. The potting matrix comprises, by mass, 30-50 parts of garden soil, 10-20 parts of perlite, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 20-40 parts of humus soil, 10-20 parts of coconut coir, 1-3 parts of water-absorbing resin and 3-5 parts of hydrated lime. The humus and the coconut chaff in the potting medium can provide organic nutrients necessary for the hygrophytic flowers, the sodium polyacrylate can play a role in storing and releasing water by hydrogel, when the water content is too much, the sodium polyacrylate can store water with the mass of 200-fold and 1000-fold, and when the water content is too little, the sodium polyacrylate can release the water stored in the early stage for the hygrophytic flowers to grow; the water-absorbing resin and the heat-insulated garden soil, perlite, vermiculite, humus soil and coconut chaff act together, so that the drought and waterlogging prevention effect is achieved, and meanwhile, more comprehensive nutrition is provided for the hygrophytic flowers.)

1. The drought and waterlogging preventing wet-growing flower pot culture substrate is characterized by comprising, by mass, 30-50 parts of garden soil, 10-20 parts of perlite, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 20-40 parts of humus soil, 10-20 parts of coconut husk, 1-3 parts of water-absorbing resin and 3-5 parts of hydrated lime.

2. The drought and flood preventing hygrophyte floral potting medium of claim 1, wherein the perlite has a particle size of 1-3 mm; the particle size of the vermiculite is 1-3 mm.

3. The drought and flood preventing hygrophytic flower pot medium according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing resin is sodium polyacrylate.

4. The drought and flood preventing hygrophytic flower pot culture medium according to claim 3, wherein the sodium polyacrylate has a density of 0.6-0.7g/cm³。

5. The method for preparing a drought and flood preventing hygrophyte potting medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:

step 1, uniformly mixing garden soil, perlite, vermiculite and water-absorbing resin, and preserving heat to obtain a mixture A;

and 2, uniformly mixing the mixture A with humus soil, coconut husk and hydrated lime to obtain the drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophytic flower pot culture substrate.

6. The preparation method of the drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophytic flower pot culture medium according to the claim 5, wherein the heat preservation in the step 1 is specifically as follows: keeping the temperature at 100 ℃ and 130 ℃ for 15-30 min.

7. The method for preparing a drought and flood preventing hygrophytic flower pot culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 of uniformly mixing the mixture A with humus, coconut husk and hydrated lime further comprises the steps of packaging, sealing and storing.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pot culture, in particular to a drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophytic flower pot culture medium.

Background

The flower types are divided into wet flowers, dry flowers, middle flowers and aquatic flowers according to the water demand. Wherein, the drought tolerance of the wet flowers is weak, and the flowers can grow normally only when living in a humid place. Such as flowers in native tropical swamp lands and yin-damp forest, tropical orchids, ferns and plants of the anaphidaceae family, calla, monstera deliciosa, alocasia macrorrhiza, rohdea japonica, loosestrife, and the like; the wet flowers are maintained according to the watering principle of removing dampness and drying, but the wet flowers cannot be watered too much at one time, and root rot can occur due to excessive watering at one time, so the wet flowers need to be watered frequently, and water is watered once in 1 to 2 days generally. Frequent watering causes great inconvenience to growers, especially young growers.

Therefore, there is a need to develop a drought and waterlogging preventing substrate for potted plants of hygrophytes, which can reduce the watering times of the hygrophytes and can not affect the normal growth of the hygrophytes under the condition of excessive watering at one time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophytic flower potting medium, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and can store sufficient water under the conditions of reducing the watering times of the hygrophytic flowers and excessive watering at one time without influencing the normal growth of the hygrophytic flowers.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

according to one technical scheme, the drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophytic flower pot culture substrate comprises, by mass, 30-50 parts of garden soil, 10-20 parts of perlite, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 20-40 parts of humus soil, 10-20 parts of coconut chaff, 1-3 parts of water-absorbing resin and 3-5 parts of hydrated lime.

The garden soil is also called vegetable garden soil and field garden soil, is common cultivation soil, has higher fertility and good granular structure due to frequent fertilization and cultivation, and is one of the main raw materials for preparing the cultivation soil.

Further, the particle size of the perlite is 1-3 mm; the particle size of the vermiculite is 1-3 mm.

Further, the water-absorbing resin is sodium polyacrylate.

Further, the density of the sodium polyacrylate is 0.6-0.7g/cm³。

The second technical scheme of the invention is a preparation method of a drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophyte flower pot culture medium, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, uniformly mixing garden soil, perlite, vermiculite and water-absorbing resin, and preserving heat to obtain a mixture A;

and 2, uniformly mixing the mixture A with humus soil, coconut husk and hydrated lime to obtain the drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophytic flower pot culture substrate.

Further, the heat preservation in the step 1 specifically comprises: keeping the temperature at 100 ℃ and 130 ℃ for 15-30 min.

Further, the step 2 of uniformly mixing the mixture A with humus soil, coconut husk and hydrated lime and then packaging, sealing and storing is further included.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

(1) the garden soil in the potting medium can play a role in facilitating the winding of roots of the hygrophytic flowers on one hand; on the other hand, the water retention and the air permeability of the potting matrix can be improved under the combined action of the perlite, the vermiculite and the water-absorbing resin;

(2) the humus and the coconut chaff in the potting matrix can provide organic nutrients necessary for the wet flowers, and the humus and the coconut chaff act together with inorganic components such as perlite and vermiculite, so that the air permeability of the potting matrix is improved, and simultaneously, the nutrient content in the potting matrix is improved, and the nutrient content is more comprehensive;

(3) the hydrated lime in the potting medium can play a role in sterilization, and can prevent germs carried by the potting medium from influencing the hygrophytic flowers; meanwhile, the garden soil, the perlite, the vermiculite and the water-absorbing resin are uniformly mixed and then are kept warm for a period of time, so that the effects of sterilizing, discharging water and further improving the air permeability of the matrix can be achieved on one hand, and on the other hand, active ingredients in the garden soil can be volatilized, are interwoven, wound and uniformly mixed with the perlite, the vermiculite and the water-absorbing resin, and further the growth of the hygrophytic flowers is promoted;

(4) the sodium polyacrylate in the potting matrix can play a role in hydrogel storage and moisture release, when the moisture content is too much, the sodium polyacrylate can store the moisture with the mass of 200-1000 times, and when the moisture content is too little, the sodium polyacrylate can release the moisture stored in the early stage for the growth of the hygrophytic flowers; the water-absorbing resin and the heat-insulated garden soil, perlite, vermiculite, humus soil and coconut chaff act together, so that the drought and waterlogging prevention effect is achieved, and meanwhile, more comprehensive nutrition is provided for the hygrophytic flowers.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

The "parts" in the present invention are all parts by mass unless otherwise specified.

The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention were all purchased from the market unless otherwise specified, wherein the water-absorbent resin was purchased from Guangdong Pulman New Material science and technology Co., Ltd, model No. PM-0460K.

The general potting medium purchased in the market is a general seedling medium purchased from Dingli nutrient soil processing factories in Shouguang city, wherein the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 40 percent, the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 15 percent, the pH value is between 4.6 and 6.6, and the mass fraction of free water is less than or equal to 20 percent.

Example 1

The raw materials used in the embodiment comprise, by mass, 40 parts of garden soil, 15 parts of perlite, 12 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of humus, 15 parts of coconut husk, 2 parts of water-absorbent resin and 4 parts of hydrated lime.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

step 1, uniformly mixing garden soil, perlite, vermiculite and water-absorbing resin, placing the mixture in a 110 ℃ tubular furnace, preserving heat for 20min, and cooling the mixture along with the furnace to obtain a mixture A;

and 2, uniformly mixing the mixture A with humus soil, coconut husk and hydrated lime, packaging, sealing and storing to obtain the drought and waterlogging preventing wet-growing flower pot culture substrate.

As a result: the porosity of the drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophyte potted plant substrate prepared by the embodiment is 69%.

Example 2

The raw materials used in the embodiment comprise, by mass, 50 parts of garden soil, 20 parts of perlite, 10 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of humus, 20 parts of coconut husk, 1 part of water-absorbent resin and 5 parts of hydrated lime.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

step 1, uniformly mixing garden soil, perlite, vermiculite and water-absorbing resin, placing the mixture in a 130 ℃ tubular furnace, preserving heat for 15min, and cooling the mixture along with the furnace to obtain a mixture A;

and 2, uniformly mixing the mixture A with humus soil, coconut husk and hydrated lime, packaging, sealing and storing to obtain the drought and waterlogging preventing wet-growing flower pot culture substrate.

As a result: the porosity of the drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophyte potted plant substrate prepared by the embodiment is 67%.

Example 3

The raw materials used in the embodiment comprise, by mass, 30 parts of garden soil, 10 parts of perlite, 15 parts of vermiculite, 40 parts of humus, 10 parts of coconut husk, 3 parts of water-absorbent resin and 3 parts of hydrated lime.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

step 1, uniformly mixing garden soil, perlite, vermiculite and water-absorbing resin, placing the mixture in a tubular furnace at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 30min, and cooling the mixture along with the furnace to obtain a mixture A;

and 2, uniformly mixing the mixture A with humus soil, coconut husk and hydrated lime, packaging, sealing and storing to obtain the drought and waterlogging preventing wet-growing flower pot culture substrate.

As a result: the porosity of the drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophyte potted plant substrate prepared by the embodiment is 68 percent.

Comparative example 1

The difference from example 1 is that the step of maintaining the temperature in the tube furnace at 110 ℃ for 20min in step 1 is omitted.

As a result: the porosity of the drought and waterlogging preventing hygrophyte potted plant substrate prepared by the embodiment is 57%.

Experimental example 1

Drought resistance test was performed on the potting media prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1

The pot culture substrates prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 and the common pot culture substrates purchased in the market are respectively placed in flowerpots with the height of 21.5cm, the caliber of 23cm and the capacity of 6L, the upper surface of each substrate is 6cm away from the edge of each flowerpot, and the substrates are respectively marked as A (example 1), B (example 2), C (example 3), D (comparative example 1) and E (common pot culture substrates); the 12 lythrata graveolens with the diameter of 15cm +/-1 cm are respectively planted in A, B, C, D, E flowerpots, and three lythrata graveolens are planted in each flowerpot. 400mL of water is respectively watered into A, B, C, D, E flowerpots, and the growth conditions of the loosestrife are respectively detected on the 2 nd day, the 4 th day, the 6 th day, the 8 th day and the 10 th day after watering. The results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

	Day 2	Day 4	Day 6	Day 8	Day 10
						Example 1	Is normal	Is normal	Is normal	Is normal	Leaf wilting
Example 2	Is normal	Is normal	Is normal	Is normal	Leaf wilting
						Example 3	Is normal	Is normal	Is normal	Is normal	Leaf wilting
Comparative example 1	Is normal	Is normal	Leaf wilting	Yellowing of leaf edges	Yellowing of the whole leaf
						Common potting medium	Is normal	Leaf wilting	Yellowing of leaf edges	Yellowing of the whole leaf	The plants begin to dry

As can be seen from Table 1, the drought resistance of the potting medium prepared in examples 1-3 of the present invention is superior to that of comparative example 1 and the general potting medium purchased in the market, and the potting medium has good drought resistance.

Experimental example 2

The potting media prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were subjected to a waterlogging prevention test

The potting medium prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 1 and the common potting medium purchased in the market are respectively placed in flowerpots with the height of 21.5cm, the caliber of 23cm and the capacity of 6L, the upper surface of the substrate is 6cm away from the edge of the flowerpot, and the substrate is respectively marked as A1 (example 1), B1 (example 2), C1 (example 3), D1 (comparative example 1) and E1 (common potting medium); and (3) respectively planting 12 lythra dicentra plants of 15cm +/-1 cm in pots A1, B1, C1, D1 and E1, wherein three lythra dicentra plants are arranged in each pot. 1000mL of water is respectively watered in flowerpots A1, B1, C1, D1 and E1, and the growth condition of the loosestrife is detected on days 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 after watering. The results are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

Observing the condition of the substrate in the flower pots A1, B1, C1, D1 and E1, and after 1000mL of water is poured at one time, the substrate in the flower pots A1, B1 and C1 is swelled, and no water is accumulated on the surface of the substrate; there was 0.3mm of water in the D1 pot, and 12mm of water in the E1 pot. As can be seen from Table 2, the potting media prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention have good waterlogging prevention ability.

Experimental example 3

The nutrition of the potting media prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 was tested

The potting medium prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 1 and the common potting medium purchased in the market are respectively placed in flowerpots with the height of 21.5cm, the caliber of 23cm and the capacity of 6L, the upper surface of the substrate is 6cm away from the edge of the flowerpot, and the substrate is respectively marked as A2 (example 1), B2 (example 2), C2 (example 3), D2 (comparative example 1) and E2 (common potting medium); and (3) respectively planting 12 lythra dicentra plants of 15cm +/-1 cm in flower pots A2, B2, C2, D2 and E2, watering three lythra dicentra plants in each flower pot according to the required amount of the plants. The plant height growth of the loosestrife is monitored at 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days and 30 days after transplanting respectively (the average value of 3 loosestrife plants in each flowerpot). The results are shown in Table 3:

TABLE 3

	Day 10 (cm)	Day 15 (cm)	Day 20 (cm)	Day 25 (cm)	Day 30 (cm)
						Example 1	+3.2	+5.1	+7.2	+9.6	+11cm
Example 2	+2.9	+4.7	+7.0	+8.9	+10.8
						Example 3	+3.0	+4.5	+7.1	+8.6	+10.5
Comparative example 1	+2.5	+3.9	+5.4	+6.7	+7.9
						Common potting medium	+2.0	+3.0	+4.3	+5.5	+6.5

As can be seen from Table 3, the potting medium prepared in examples 1-3 of the present invention has more comprehensive nutrient components than the common potting medium purchased in the market, and is more suitable for the growth of the wet flowers Lythrata loosestrife, even though the potting medium prepared in comparative example 1 is superior to the common potting medium purchased in the market in the growth promotion aspect of the wet flowers.

According to the experimental examples 1-3, garden soil, perlite, vermiculite and water-absorbing resin are subjected to heat preservation at the temperature of 100-130 ℃ for 15-30min and then mixed with humus, coconut husk and hydrated lime, so that the porosity and drought and waterlogging prevention performance of the potting matrix can be improved, the content of nutrient components of the potting matrix can be improved, and the growth of hygrophytic flowers is facilitated.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.