阅读说明：本技术 一种养殖鱼类分级起捕方法 (Method for grading and catching cultured fishes ) 是由 王磊 程家骅 张勋 袁兴伟 刘永利 王嘉新 于 2021-08-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及养殖技术领域。一种养殖鱼类分级起捕方法,包括如下步骤：步骤一,养殖围栏内设置养殖网箱,养殖网箱的一侧开口,养殖网箱的开口侧连接围拉网；围拉网将养殖网箱的开口进行封闭；步骤二,吊机吊着分级篮放入养殖网箱里起捕鱼类；分级篮包括上下开口的框架,框架的侧壁上设有透水孔；分级篮还包括上下设置的上格栅以及下格栅,上格栅的栅间距大于下格栅的栅间距,分级篮通过上格栅以及下格栅分隔为上下设置的上层以及下层；上格栅以及下格栅均包括两个相邻设置的栅门,两个栅门与框架的相对侧铰接；每个栅门上均设有至少一个栅间距方向为前后方向的第一筛选区域以及至少一个栅间距方向为左右的第二筛选区域。本专利提高了起捕效率。(The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation. A method for catching cultured fishes in a grading manner comprises the following steps: step one, arranging a cultivation net cage in a cultivation fence, wherein one side of the cultivation net cage is open, and the open side of the cultivation net cage is connected with a surrounding pull net; the enclosure pull net seals the opening of the aquaculture net cage; step two, hanging a grading basket by a crane and putting the grading basket into a culture net cage to capture fishes; the grading basket comprises a frame with an upper opening and a lower opening, and the side wall of the frame is provided with water permeable holes; the grading basket also comprises an upper grating and a lower grating which are arranged up and down, the grating pitch of the upper grating is larger than that of the lower grating, and the grading basket is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer which are arranged up and down through the upper grating and the lower grating; the upper grating and the lower grating respectively comprise two grating doors which are adjacently arranged, and the two grating doors are hinged with the opposite sides of the frame; each grid door is provided with at least one first screening area with the grid spacing direction as the front-back direction and at least one second screening area with the grid spacing direction as the left-right direction. This patent has improved and has caught efficiency.)

1. A method for catching cultured fishes in a grading manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, arranging a culture net cage in a culture fence, wherein one side of the culture net cage is provided with an opening, and the opening side of the culture net cage is connected with a surrounding pull net for closing the opening;

the enclosure pull net seals the opening of the aquaculture net cage;

step two, hanging a grading basket by a crane and putting the grading basket into a culture net cage to capture fishes;

the grading basket comprises a frame with an upper opening and a lower opening, and water permeable holes are formed in the side wall of the frame;

the grading basket also comprises an upper grating and a lower grating which are arranged up and down, the grating pitch of the upper grating is larger than that of the lower grating, and the grading basket is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer which are arranged up and down through the upper grating and the lower grating;

the upper grating and the lower grating respectively comprise two grating doors which are adjacently arranged, and the two grating doors are hinged with the opposite sides of the frame;

each grid door is provided with at least one first screening area with the grid spacing direction as the front-back direction and at least one second screening area with the grid spacing direction as the left-right direction;

the grading basket is lifted by the crane from top to bottom, large-size fishes are on the upper layer, small-size fishes fall into the lower layer after passing through the upper grating, and fishes of non-caught target specifications can return to the water through the lower grating;

and step three, after the grading basket is lifted to the platform and placed above the transport box, the lower grating is opened to release small-sized fishes, then the grading basket is transferred to another transport box, and the upper grating is opened to release large-sized fishes.

2. The method for grading and catching farmed fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper end of the enclosure pull net is provided with a floater, and the lower end of the enclosure pull net is provided with a counterweight.

3. The method for grading and catching farmed fish according to claim 2, characterized in that: the upper side and the lower side of the enclosing and pulling net are connected with sleeve headropes, the sleeve headropes are connected with a ship through the traction headropes, the ship drives the traction headropes on the two sides of the enclosing and pulling net to move towards the opening of the net cage, when the ship is close to the opening of the net cage, the netting of the enclosing and pulling net is used as a side net to plug the opening of the aquaculture net cage, and fish schools are gathered inside the aquaculture net cage.

4. The method for grading and catching farmed fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step two, in the process that the grading basket is lifted by the crane, when the lower grid is close to the water surface, the crane stops lifting the grading basket and pauses for 5 minutes.

5. The method for grading and catching farmed fish according to claim 4, characterized in that: and when the distance between the lower grid and the water surface is 2cm-5cm, stopping lifting the grading basket by the crane.

6. The method for grading and catching farmed fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grid door comprises a rectangular frame and a cylindrical grid tube arranged in the rectangular frame, and the grid tube is fixed in the rectangular frame;

the grid tubes comprise first grid tubes with the length direction in the left-right direction and second grid tubes with the length direction in the front-back direction;

at least three second grid tubes are arranged left and right to form the first screening area;

at least three first grid tubes are arranged in front and at back to form the second screening area;

the first screening area and the second screening area are adjacently arranged.

7. The method for grading and catching farmed fish according to claim 6, characterized in that: the grid tube is a stainless steel grid tube.

8. The method for grading and catching farmed fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two gate gates are detachably connected through a bolt, one end of the bolt is a limiting part, a hole is formed in the limiting part, one end of a pull rope penetrates through the hole, and the other end of the pull rope is fixed on the frame.

9. The method for classifying and catching farmed fish according to claim 8, wherein: the bolt is connected with the rubber sleeve through a connecting rope.

10. The method for classifying and catching farmed fish according to claim 9, wherein: the two gates are respectively a left gate and the right gate;

the lower parts of the adjacent sides of the left grid door and the right grid door are fixedly connected with shackles, and the bolt penetrates through holes in the shackles of the left grid door and the right grid door.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of culture, in particular to a method for catching fishes.

Background

The fish catching of culture facilities such as deep water net cages and the like is simple and convenient, and due to the small culture space, personnel can stand on the net cage frame to gather fish by adopting a small enclosing and pulling net and then catch the fish by adopting fishing gear such as a small hand-dip net and the like. With the upsizing of the culture facilities, the fish cultured in large-scale fence culture facilities and large-scale truss type net cages cannot be efficiently caught by adopting a manual purse net gathering-hand net catching mode because the culture space and the water depth are large and the distance between an operation platform of the large-scale culture facilities and the water surface is high, the fish cannot be caught together in the catching process in a non-fish body specification mode, and usually, small-specification fish which do not reach the marketing requirement are not the catching target and die due to scratching and other reasons in the catching process after being placed back into the facilities again. In addition, the capture of the fishes on the market also needs to be graded according to the specification of the fish body for graded sale, and the existing method is to grade the fishes by manual weighing after the capture, thereby increasing the labor cost.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for catching cultured fishes in a grading manner, so as to solve at least one technical problem.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a cultured fish grading and catching method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, arranging a culture net cage in a culture fence, wherein one side of the culture net cage is provided with an opening, and the opening side of the culture net cage is connected with a surrounding pull net for closing the opening;

the enclosure pull net seals the opening of the aquaculture net cage;

step two, hanging a grading basket by a crane and putting the grading basket into a culture net cage to capture fishes;

the grading basket comprises a frame with an upper opening and a lower opening, and water permeable holes are formed in the side wall of the frame;

the grading basket also comprises an upper grating and a lower grating which are arranged up and down, the grating pitch of the upper grating is larger than that of the lower grating, and the grading basket is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer which are arranged up and down through the upper grating and the lower grating;

the upper grating and the lower grating respectively comprise two grating doors which are adjacently arranged, and the two grating doors are hinged with the opposite sides of the frame;

each grid door is provided with at least one first screening area with the grid spacing direction as the front-back direction and at least one second screening area with the grid spacing direction as the left-right direction;

the grading basket is lifted by the crane from top to bottom, large-size fishes are on the upper layer, small-size fishes fall into the lower layer after passing through the upper grating, and fishes of non-caught target specifications can return to the water through the lower grating;

and step three, after the grading basket is lifted to the platform and placed above the transport box, the lower grating is opened to release small-sized fishes, then the grading basket is transferred to another transport box, and the upper grating is opened to release large-sized fishes.

The device drives the enclosing and pulling net to enclose and gather part of fishes in the net cage to form fish schools with certain density on the inner water surface of a large-scale culture facility such as a fence and a truss net cage, and then the classifying basket is hung by a crane to be placed in the culture net cage to capture the fishes, so that the capturing efficiency is improved; the fishes entering the grading basket can pass through the grating due to the specification difference of the body width, and the fishes with larger body width are kept in the current layer, so that the grading effect of the sizes of the fishes in a certain range is realized; the screening areas with different grid spacing directions can increase the ratio of fishes passing through the grading grid in different directions, and improve the grading effect.

Further preferably, a floater is installed at the upper end of the enclosure pull net, and a counterweight is installed at the lower end of the enclosure pull net.

Preferably, the upper side and the lower side of the enclosing and pulling net are connected with sleeve ropes, the sleeve ropes are connected with the ship through the traction ropes, the ship drives the traction ropes on the two sides of the enclosing and pulling net to move towards the opening of the net cage, when the traction ropes are close to the opening of the net cage, the netting of the enclosing and pulling net is used as a side net to plug the opening of the aquaculture net cage, and fish schools are gathered inside the aquaculture net cage.

Preferably, in the second step, when the lower grid approaches the water surface during the process that the grading basket is lifted by the crane, the crane stops lifting the grading basket and pauses for 5 minutes.

And returning the small-sized fishes to the water through the bottommost layer.

Further preferably, when the distance between the lower grid and the water surface is 2cm-5cm, the crane stops lifting the grading basket. The lower grid is located below the water surface.

Further preferably, the gate comprises a rectangular frame and a cylindrical gate tube arranged in the rectangular frame, and the gate tube is fixed in the rectangular frame;

the grid tubes comprise first grid tubes with the length direction in the left-right direction and second grid tubes with the length direction in the front-back direction;

at least three second grid tubes are arranged left and right to form the first screening area;

at least three first grid tubes are arranged in front and at back to form the second screening area;

the first screening area and the second screening area are adjacently arranged.

The fish passing through the grid tube in a grading way can not damage the fish body, the grading quality of the fish body is ensured, and the survival of the escaped non-capture target fish is ensured.

Further preferably, the grid tube is a stainless steel grid tube.

Preferably, the two gates are detachably connected through a bolt, one end of the bolt is a limiting part, a hole is formed in the limiting part, one end of a pull rope penetrates through the hole, and the other end of the pull rope is fixed on the frame.

The loss of the bolt is prevented.

Further preferably, the latch is connected to the rubber sleeve by a connecting rope. Preventing the loss of the rubber ferrule.

After the bolt is connected with the left grid door and the right grid door, the bolt is sleeved with the rubber ferrule to prevent the bolt from being separated under the condition of no stress after shaking, and the bolt can be separated after the pull rope is pulled.

Further preferably, the two gates are a left gate and the right gate respectively;

the lower parts of the adjacent sides of the left grid door and the right grid door are fixedly connected with shackles, and the bolt penetrates through holes in the shackles of the left grid door and the right grid door.

Preferably, the left gate and the left end of the frame are both provided with hinge connecting buckles, and the left gate and the hinge connecting buckles at the left end of the frame are hinged through bolts;

hinge joint buckles are installed at the joints of the right gate and the right end of the frame, and the right gate and the hinge joint buckles at the right end of the frame are hinged through bolts.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a classifying basket according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a grading basket according to embodiment 1 of the present invention in a state where a gate is opened;

fig. 5 is a schematic partial structure diagram of a joint of a left gate and a right gate in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Wherein: 1. the system comprises a breeding fence, 2 grading baskets, 3 cranes, 4 net cages, 5 enclosing and pulling nets, 6 ships, 7 floats, 8 bottom lines, 9 draw lines, 10 sleeve lines, 21 upper grids, 22 lower grids, 23 bolts, 24 pull ropes, 25 shackles, 221 left gates and 222 right gates.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, embodiment 1: a method for catching cultured fishes in a grading manner comprises the following steps:

firstly, a cultivation net cage is arranged in a cultivation fence 1, one side of the cultivation net cage 4 is open, and the open side of the cultivation net cage 4 is connected with a surrounding pull net 5 for closing the opening; the enclosure pull net 5 seals the opening of the cultivation net cage 4;

step two, the grading basket 2 is hung by a crane 3 and is placed in the net cage 4 to catch fish; the grading basket 2 comprises a frame with an upper opening and a lower opening, and the side wall of the frame is provided with water permeable holes; the grading basket 2 further comprises an upper grating 21 and a lower grating 22 which are arranged up and down, the grating pitch of the upper grating 21 is larger than that of the lower grating 22, and the grading basket 2 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer which are arranged up and down through the upper grating 21 and the lower grating 22; the upper grid 21 and the lower grid 22 each comprise two adjacently arranged gates, which are hinged with opposite sides of the frame; each grid door is provided with at least one first screening area with the grid spacing direction as the front-back direction and at least one second screening area with the grid spacing direction as the left-right direction;

the crane 3 lifts the grading basket 2 from top to bottom, large-size fishes are on the upper layer, small-size fishes fall into the lower layer after passing through the upper grating 21, and fishes of non-caught target sizes can return to the water through the lower grating 22;

and step three, after the grading basket 2 is lifted to the platform and placed above the transport box, the lower grating 22 is opened to release small-sized fishes, then the grading basket 2 is transferred to another transport box, and the upper grating 21 is opened to release large-sized fishes.

The method realizes that the enclosing and pulling net 5 is driven to enclose and gather part of fishes in the net cage 4 to form fish schools with certain density on the water surface in the large-scale culture facilities such as the fence 1 and the truss net cage 4, and then the grading basket 2 is hung by the crane 3 and is placed in the net cage 4 to catch the fishes, so that the catching efficiency is improved; the fishes entering the grading basket 2 can pass through the grating due to the specification difference of the body width, and the fishes with larger body width are kept in the current layer, so that the grading effect of the sizes of the fishes in a certain range is realized; the screening areas with different grid spacing directions can increase the ratio of fishes passing through the grading grid in different directions, and improve the grading effect.

A cultivation fence is used for fish cultivation in a sea area by connecting column piles with netting fences, a cultivation management platform is built on the upper portions of the column piles, and cultivation supporting facilities with cranes are arranged. Generally, the water area of the cultivation enclosure is more than 1 ten thousand square meters, the water depth generally exceeds 6 meters, and the water depth of the enclosure described in this embodiment is 6 meters.

The grading basket 2 is a frame with a main structure of a stainless steel pipe. The frame is dimensioned as desired. For example, the frame is 1.5 meters long, 1.5 meters wide, and 1.5 meters high. The frame comprises an upper frame, a middle frame and a lower frame which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the upper frame is connected with the middle frame through a vertical pipe; the middle frame is connected with the lower frame through a vertical pipe. The upper frame is connected with the crane 3 through a hoisting ring connecting steel wire rope. The middle frame is hinged with the upper grating. The lower frame is hinged with the lower grating. The outer side of the frame is covered with a netting. The meshes of the netting are water permeable holes. A netting 12. The netting is a polyethylene warp-knitted net, and meshes are selected according to requirements. For example, one side of 30mm is selected as the square mesh size.

The grid spacing of the upper grid is relatively large, the size of the upper grid needs to be set according to the fish body specification data, the design specification of the embodiment is 40 mm, and relatively large-sized marketable fishes can be reserved.

The grid spacing of the lower grid is the minimum, the size of the lower grid needs to be set according to the fish body specification data, the design specification of the embodiment is 25 mm, marketable fishes with smaller specifications can be reserved, and non-capture target-specification fishes are released.

The crane 3 is a hoisting device arranged on a platform at the upper part of the cultivation fence 1, is usually an electric crane or a common manual crane, and the hoisting purpose is matched with the weight of the fishes.

The net cage 4, HDPE pipe frame net cage, 250mm diameter double-barrelled structure, the net cage size is selected according to the condition such as the depth of water of sea area, can be, the inside length of net cage 6 meters, width 3 meters, and the degree of depth of net cage is 6 meters. The net cage is connected to the breeding fence 1 through a rope. Preventing drifting along with the flow. The netting of the net cage is a polyethylene warp-knitted net, the outer side of the netting is provided with an opening which is connected with the enclosing and pulling net 5, and the opening is closed after the enclosing and pulling net 5 is driven by the ship 6 to be close to the net opening, so that fishes are gathered in the net cage.

The upper end of the enclosing and pulling net 5 is provided with a floater 7, and the lower end of the enclosing and pulling net 5 is provided with a counterweight. The purse seine 5 is a nylon warp-knitted netting, the head line is provided with a floater 7, and the foot line 8 is provided with an iron chain. The specification of the iron chain is generally 0.3-0.6 kg/m. The length of the netting is set according to the situation, the length of one side of the enclosing and pulling net is 50m, and the height of the netting of the enclosing and pulling net is 1.5-2.0 times of the water depth. Preferably, the height of the enclosing and pulling net is 10 meters, so that the net cover covers the longitudinal water surface under certain stress condition to drive fishes.

The upper side and the lower side of the enclosing and pulling net 5 are connected with sleeve ropes 9, the sleeve ropes 9 are connected with a ship 6 through traction ropes 10, the ship 6 drives the traction ropes on the two sides of the enclosing and pulling net 5 to run towards the opening of the net cage 4, when the traction ropes are close to the opening of the net cage 4, the netting of the enclosing and pulling net 5 is used as a side net to block the opening of the net cage 4, and fish schools are gathered inside the aquaculture net cage 4.

In the second step, in the process that the crane 3 lifts the grading basket 2, when the lower grid is close to the water surface, the crane 3 stops lifting the grading basket 2 and pauses for 5 minutes. And returning the small-sized fishes to the water through the bottommost layer. And when the distance between the lower grid and the water surface is 2cm-5cm, the crane 3 stops lifting the grading basket 2.

The gate comprises a rectangular frame and a cylindrical gate tube arranged in the rectangular frame. The outer diameter of the grid tube is 12mm, and the wall thickness is 2 mm. The grid tube is fixed in the rectangular frame; the grid tubes comprise first grid tubes with the length direction in the left-right direction and second grid tubes with the length direction in the front-back direction; at least three second grid tubes are arranged left and right to form a first screening area; at least three first grid tubes are arranged in front and at back to form a second screening area; the first screening area and the second screening area are adjacently arranged. The fish passing through the grid tube in a grading way can not damage the fish body, the grading quality of the fish body is ensured, and the survival of the escaped non-capture target fish is ensured. The grid tube is a stainless steel grid tube.

Two bars are passed through bolt 23 and can be dismantled the connection, and the one end of bolt 23 is spacing portion, and the hole has been seted up to spacing portion, and the one end that has stay cord 24 is passed in the hole, and the other end of stay cord 24 is fixed on the frame. Preventing loss of the plug 23. The latch 23 is connected to the rubber sleeve by a connecting cord. Preventing the loss of the rubber ferrule. The two gates are a left gate 221 and a right gate 222. After the bolt 23 is connected with the left grid door 221 and the right grid door 222, a rubber ferrule is sleeved on the bolt 23 to prevent the bolt 23 from being pulled out without stress after shaking, and the bolt 23 can be pulled out after the pull rope 24 is pulled.

The lower parts of the adjacent sides of the left grid door 221 and the right grid door 222 are fixedly connected with shackles 25, and the bolts 23 penetrate through the through holes on the shackles 25 of the left grid door 221 and the right grid door 222. The joint of the left gate 221 and the left end of the frame is provided with a hinge connecting buckle, and the left gate 221 is hinged with the hinge connecting buckle at the left end of the frame through a bolt; hinge connecting buckles are arranged at the joints of the right gate 222 and the right end of the frame, and the hinge connecting buckles at the right gate 222 and the right end of the frame are hinged through bolts.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.