阅读说明：本技术 一种婴幼儿视觉与视知觉测试装置及其方法 (Infant vision and visual perception testing device and method ) 是由 黄昌兵 樊沭含 闫芳芳 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种婴幼儿视觉与视知觉测试装置及其方法,测试装置包括展示架、多块展示板和互动玩具,展示架上设置一展示窗口,每块展示板的展示区域都设有窥视孔,展示板所展示的内容位于展示区域,展示板的展示区域在展示架的后方完全呈现在展示窗口处；施测者通过互动和透过窥视孔观察被测者的反应是否符合所设定的通过标准,并对被测者的视知觉功能做出判断。本发明针对0～36个月婴幼儿,用于检测婴幼儿的多种视觉与视知觉功能,检测流程快捷、简单,不需要过多配合,效率较高,通过与贝利婴幼儿发展量表的智力评分(MDI)和运动评分(PDI)做相关,证明所得测试集的效标效度较好,即能够区分整体发育正常和整体发育异常的受试者。(The invention discloses a device and a method for testing vision and visual perception of infants, wherein the testing device comprises a display rack, a plurality of display boards and an interactive toy, wherein the display rack is provided with a display window, the display area of each display board is provided with a peephole, the content displayed by the display boards is positioned in the display area, and the display area of each display board is completely displayed at the position of the display window at the rear of the display rack; the testee observes whether the reaction of the testee accords with the set passing standard through interaction and the peephole, and judges the visual perception function of the testee. Aiming at infants of 0-36 months, the method is used for detecting various visual and visual perception functions of the infants, the detection process is quick and simple, excessive matching is not needed, the efficiency is high, and the method is related to intelligence score (MDI) and motion score (PDI) of a Belley infant development scale to prove that the test set has good effect-standard effect, namely, the subjects with normal overall development and abnormal overall development can be distinguished.)

1. The infant visual and visual perception testing device is characterized by comprising a display rack (1), a plurality of display boards (2) and interactive toys, wherein a display window (11) is arranged on the display rack (1), a display area (21) of each display board (2) is provided with a peephole (22), the displayed content of the display boards (2) is located in the display area (21), and the display area (21) of each display board (2) is completely displayed at the display window (11) at the rear of the display rack (1) and is used for visually displaying an infant to be tested; the interactive toy is used for interacting with the tested infant; the testee observes whether the reaction of the testee accords with the set passing standard through interaction and the peephole, and judges the visual perception function of the testee.

2. The infant visual and perceptual testing device of claim 1, wherein the display shelf (1) comprises a display frame (13) with two open ends and a display standing panel (12) for closing one open end of the display frame (13), a display window (11) is formed in the middle of the display standing panel (12), and a lighting fixture (3) is further disposed inside the display frame (13).

3. The infant visual and perceptual testing device of claim 2, wherein the lighting fixture (3) is disposed around the display window (11).

4. The infant visual and perceptual testing device of claim 1, wherein the display board (2) comprises an upper display area (21) and a lower hand-held area (23), the display area (21) being an area that is viewed by the infant under test through the display window (11).

5. The infant visual and perceptual testing device of claim 4, wherein the display board (2) is a lightweight KT board on which measured high-definition pictures are painted, and the peephole (22) is located at the middle of the display area (21).

6. The device for testing visual perception of an infant and pre-school children according to claim 5, wherein the peephole (22) is a circular hole with a diameter of 2.5mm to 3.5 mm.

7. The infant visual and visual perception testing device according to claim 5, wherein the high definition pictures include pictures with first order contrast, second order contrast, bar grid visual acuity, cursor visual acuity, pictures of various colors, and pictures including depth perception, face perception, joint attention, constancy, shape perception, object perception.

8. The device for testing visual perception of an infant and pre-school children according to claim 1, wherein the interactive toy includes a transilluminator and a reflector for measuring light perception, and a red ball for measuring the coordination of hands and eyes.

9. A method for testing the visual perception of an infant, the method comprising the steps of:

step one, a display rack is arranged on a desktop, a lighting switch is turned on, a testee is asked to sit on one side of a display window, and a testee sits on the other side of the display window;

step two, the testers replace the display board on the opposite side of the display window, observe the prior watching direction of the baby through the peephole and whether the baby can watch according to the expected watching mode or not, and record the watching direction;

step three, the testee and the testee adopt an interactive mode, and whether the reaction is correct or not is observed and recorded;

and step four, observing whether the reaction of the tested person meets the set passing standard through interaction and the peephole by the tested person, and judging the visual perception function of the tested person.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the second step comprises a priority watching item and a mode watching item, and the priority watching item comprises test items of first-order contrast, red, second-order contrast, green, bar-grid visual acuity, yellow, cursor visual acuity, blue, monocular cues, binocular cues, face hole perception, joint attention, object perception, shape perception, constancy, motion perception, hand-eye coordination, and light perception; the mode watching items comprise object perception and constancy test items.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vision screening, in particular to a device and a method for testing vision and visual perception of infants.

Background

The current detection of the visual and visual perception functions of infants has the following problems:

(1) the detection content is single, the detection is mostly a function detection, a tool for simultaneously detecting multiple functions is not provided, and the simultaneous detection of multiple functions of the same detected person is facilitated, so that the development condition of the same detected person is comprehensively reflected.

(2) The detection modes are not uniform, the detection modes aiming at different functions are many, even if the detection modes aim at the same function, the detection modes have multiple detection modes, the difference is large, comparison cannot be carried out, and therefore the uniform detection mode is needed.

(3) The detection time is long and is greatly influenced by a testee; the detection process is complex, needs a lot of time, and has higher requirements on the matching degree of a tested person and the professional degree of a tester.

Most of the existing detection tools are not suitable for infants below 36 months, the stage is the key stage of visual and visual perception development, and early screening is helpful for finding dysplasia in advance and making targeted treatment in advance.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems and realize the screening of the visual and visual perception functions of infants less than 36 months old, the invention provides a device and a method for testing the visual and visual perception of the infants.

The specific scheme is as follows:

in one aspect, the invention provides an infant visual and visual perception testing device, which comprises a display frame, a plurality of display plates and an interactive toy, wherein a display window is arranged on the display frame, a display area of each display plate is provided with a peephole, the displayed content of the display plates is positioned in the display area, and the display area of the display plates is completely displayed at the display window at the rear of the display frame and is used for visually displaying an infant to be tested; the interactive toy is used for interacting with the tested infant; the testee observes whether the reaction of the testee accords with the set passing standard through interaction and the peephole, and judges the visual perception function of the testee. .

Furthermore, the display frame comprises a display frame with two open ends and a display vertical panel used for sealing one open end of the display frame, a display window is formed in the middle of the display vertical panel, and a lighting lamp is further arranged on the inner side of the display frame.

The lighting lamp is arranged around the display window.

Further, the display board comprises an upper display area and a lower handheld area, and the display area is an area observed by the tested infant through the display window.

The display board is light KT board, spouts the high definition picture that has been measured and calculated on it, the peephole is located the regional middle part of show.

The peephole is a round hole with the diameter of 2.5 mm-3.5 mm.

The high-definition pictures comprise pictures with first-order contrast, second-order contrast, bar grid visual acuity and vernier visual acuity, pictures with various colors, and pictures comprising depth perception, face perception, joint attention, constancy, shape perception and object perception.

The interactive toy comprises a transilluminator and a reflector which are required for measuring light sensation, and a red ball which is required for measuring the cooperation of hands and eyes.

In another aspect, the present invention further provides a method for testing the visual perception of an infant, the method comprising the steps of:

step one, a display rack is arranged on a desktop, a lighting switch is turned on, a testee is asked to sit on one side of a display window, and a testee sits on the other side of the display window;

step two, the testers replace the display board on the opposite side of the display window, observe the prior watching direction of the baby through the peephole and whether the baby can watch according to the expected watching mode or not, and record the watching direction;

step three, the testee and the testee adopt an interactive mode, and whether the reaction is correct or not is observed and recorded;

and step four, observing whether the reaction of the tested person meets the set passing standard through interaction and the peephole by the tested person, and judging the visual perception function of the tested person.

The second step comprises a priority watching item and a mode watching item, wherein the priority watching item comprises test items of first-order contrast, red, second-order contrast, green, bar grid visual acuity, yellow, cursor visual acuity, blue, single-eye clues, double-eye clues, face hole perception, joint attention, object perception, shape perception, constancy, motion perception, hand-eye coordination and light perception; the mode watching items comprise object perception and constancy test items.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:

the invention is used for detecting various visual and visual perception functions of infants in 0-36 months, but the detection process is quick and simple, excessive matching is not needed, and the efficiency is higher.

Aiming at the condition that the coverage range of the detection content of the existing tool is insufficient, the testing device covers 13 functions from low level to high level, including light sensation, first-order contrast, second-order contrast, bar grid visual acuity, cursor visual acuity, color perception, depth perception, face hole perception, joint attention, object perception, shape perception, constancy and hand-eye coordination;

aiming at the condition that the detection modes of the existing tools are not uniform, the testing device adopts a watching paradigm except for part of interactive items, and observes the tested person from a peephole, thereby eliminating the influence of the face of the tested person and being beneficial to the comparison between functions;

aiming at the conditions that the detection time of the existing tool is long and the detection process is complex, the testing method has the advantages that the testing time is about 5 minutes, the process is simple, the observation of the fixation and the interaction reaction of the baby is only needed, and the method is simple and easy to implement;

aiming at the condition that the existing tool is not suitable for infants of 0-36 months, the test method disclosed by the invention reduces the response requirements on the infants, the tested person only needs to passively react and does not need to actively cooperate, and the test result also proves the effectiveness of the test method: the internal consistency coefficient and the semi-reliability coefficient are both good.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings which are needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive labor to those skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a front view of an infant visual perception testing device provided in the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a display board provided in the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a first order contrast diagram for placement at a display area;

FIG. 5 is a second order contrast diagram for placement at a display area;

FIG. 6 is a bar graph visual acuity chart for placement at a display area;

FIG. 7 is a cursor visual acuity diagram for placement at a display region;

FIG. 8 is a picture for showing color changes in a display area;

FIGS. 9 and 10 are pictures for testing depth perception function in a display area

FIG. 11 is a picture used to test joint attention function at a presentation area;

FIG. 12 is a picture used to test for constant function at the display area;

FIG. 13 is a picture for testing shape perception function at a display area;

fig. 14 is a picture for testing the object perception function in the presentation area.

The designations in the drawings are as follows:

1-a display shelf, 11-a display window, 12-a display vertical panel and 13-a display frame; 2-display board, 21-display area, 22-peephole, 23-handheld area; 3-lighting fixtures.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the invention provides a device for testing the visual perception of an infant, which comprises a display frame 1, a plurality of display boards 2 and an interactive toy, wherein the display frame 1 is provided with a display window 11, a display area 21 of each display board 2 is provided with a peephole 22, as shown in fig. 3, the displayed content of the display board 2 is located in the display area 21, the display area 21 of the display board 2 is completely displayed at the display window 11 at the rear of the display frame 1 for visually displaying the infant to be tested, as shown in fig. 4 to fig. 14, the picture content is shown in fig. 4; the interactive toy is used for interacting with the tested infant and observing whether the reaction of the tested infant is correct or not.

The display shelf can be an open box structure, and the display shelf can be realized by arranging a display window on the display shelf. Of course, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the display frame 1 preferably includes a display frame 13 with two open ends and a display standing panel 12 for closing one open end of the display frame 13, a display window 11 is formed in the middle of the display standing panel 12, and the inside of the display frame 13 is further provided with a lighting fixture 3.

The lighting fixture 3 is arranged around the display window 11, as shown in fig. 2, the display frame 13 is a square column structure surrounded by four sides, the display vertical panel 12 seals one end of the display vertical panel, the display window 11 is located on the display vertical panel 12, of course, the display shelf 1 can be only a display vertical panel, the length and width of the display vertical panel are large, a tester can be completely shielded, and the test result is not affected by the tester. The bottom of the display vertical panel 12 is provided with a fixed support, so that the lower end of the display vertical panel 12 can be fixed on a table top for test.

As shown in FIG. 3, the preferred display board 2 of the present invention includes an upper display area 21 and a lower holding area 23, the display area 21 being the area where the infant to be tested is viewed through the display window 11.

The display board 2 is a light KT board (polystyrene particles are foamed to form a board core, and a novel material is formed by laminating a surface film), a high-definition picture which is measured and calculated is sprayed and drawn on the display board, for example, a graph shown in figures 4-14 is sprayed on each display board, the peephole 22 is preferably positioned in the middle of the display area 21, and can be also arranged in an area which is convenient for a measurer to observe, the peephole 22 adopts a round hole with the diameter of 2.5 mm-3.5 mm, the measurer can observe the performance of an infant to be detected through the peephole 22, and the reaction condition is recorded.

High definition pictures include the first order contrast picture shown in fig. 4, the second order contrast picture shown in fig. 5, the bar grid visual acuity picture shown in fig. 6, the cursor visual acuity picture shown in fig. 7, the picture in fig. 8 that may be painted with different colors within the circle shown in the figure (such as red, green, yellow, blue, etc.), and pictures that include depth perception (shown in fig. 9 and 10), joint attention (shown in fig. 11), constancy (shown in fig. 12), shape perception (shown in fig. 13), and object perception (shown in fig. 14) functions.

The interactive toy comprises a transilluminator and a reflector which are required for measuring light sensation, and a red ball which is required for measuring the coordination of hands and eyes.

The display shelf comprises a display shelf, a display board, a red ball, a transilluminator and a reflector, and comprises three items: preferentially watching the items, the mode watching items and the interaction items, and specifically operating the following steps:

step one, a display rack is arranged on a desktop, a lighting switch is turned on, a testee is asked to sit on one side of a display window, and a testee sits on the other side of the display window; the display shelf can completely cover the testers.

Step two, the testers replace the display board on the opposite side of the display window, observe the prior watching direction of the baby through the peephole and whether the baby can watch according to the expected watching mode, record the watching direction and mark the display pictures which fail to pass the detection according to the set passing standard; that is, this step includes two items: the priority gaze item and the mode gaze item are as follows:

(1) in the preferential watching item, the examinee changes the display board at the opposite side of the display window and observes the preferential watching direction of the baby through the peephole. The link comprises first-order contrast, red, second-order contrast, green, bar-grid visual acuity, yellow, cursor visual acuity, blue, monocular cues (shown in figure 9), binocular cues (shown in figure 10), face perception, joint attention, object perception, shape perception, constancy, motion perception, hand-eye coordination and light perception;

(2) and after the priority watching item is finished, performing a mode watching item, wherein the operation mode is consistent with the priority watching item, and whether the tested person can watch according to an expected watching mode is mainly observed. This link includes object perception and constancy, and wherein the correct reaction of object perception is: the real object is glared left and right during occlusion, and the real object is fixedly watched on one side during virtual occlusion; the correct reaction for constancy is: watching the gray shade when hidden in the gray shade, and watching the black shade when hidden in the black shade;

and step three, adopting an interaction mode between the testee and the testee, observing whether the reaction is correct or not, and recording. After the mode watching item is finished, carrying out interactive item, using red ball, transilluminator and reflector to interact with the tested person, and observing whether the reaction is correct. The link comprises motion perception and hand-eye coordination.

The correct response of motion perception is: moving the red ball along the left, right, up and down and circular directions, and observing whether the tested person performs watching following along with the motion of the red ball;

the correct responses of the hand-eye synergy are: when the subject gives the ball with the red ball facing upward, the subject takes the ball from above, when the subject gives the ball with the red ball facing downward, the subject takes the ball from below, when the subject gives the ball with the red ball facing left, the subject takes the ball from left, and when the subject gives the ball with the red ball facing right, the subject takes the ball from right.

The correct response to light perception is: placing the red reflector at about 20cm in front of the eyes of the examinee, adjusting the transilluminator to medium brightness, irradiating on the reflector, and slightly turning over the reflector to enable the eyes of the examinee to have light spots with the same color; turning over the position of the light spot for multiple times, observing the reaction of the inspected person (whether eye closing, head turning, eyeball movement and the like occur), and judging whether the inspected person feels the light spot; the same operation was repeated by changing to blue, and the subject was observed to react.

And step four, observing whether the reaction of the tested person meets the set passing standard through interaction and the peephole by the tested person, and judging the visual perception function of the tested person.

The invention is specially designed for infants of 0-36 months, simultaneously detects various visual and visual perception functions, has quick and simple detection process, does not need excessive cooperation, and has higher efficiency.

Aiming at the condition that the coverage range of the detection content of the existing tool is insufficient, the test set covers 13 functions from low level to high level, including light sensation, first-order contrast, second-order contrast, bar grid visual acuity, cursor visual acuity, color perception, depth perception, face hole perception, joint attention, object perception, shape perception, constancy and hand-eye coordination;

aiming at the condition that the detection modes of the existing tools are not uniform, the test set adopts a watching paradigm except for part of interactive items, and observes the tested person from a peephole, thereby eliminating the influence of the face hole of the tested person and being beneficial to the comparison between functions;

aiming at the conditions of longer detection time and complex detection flow of the existing tool, the test set has the advantages that the testing time is about 5 minutes, the flow is simple, the observation of the fixation and the interaction reaction of the baby is only needed, and the method is simple and easy to implement;

aiming at the condition that the existing tool is not suitable for infants of 0-36 months, the test set reduces the reaction requirement on the infants, the tested person only needs to react passively and does not need to cooperate actively, and the experimental result also proves the effectiveness of the test set:

as shown in the following table, all items in the test are randomly divided into two halves, and the scores of the two halves are correlated to obtain the half-degree of reliability; and (5) correlating the results of all questions in the test to obtain the internal consistency degree. The result shows that the internal consistency coefficient and the semi-credibility coefficient are both good (exceeding 0.7), which indicates that the overall content measured by the test set is relatively consistent and can better reflect the overall visual function of a certain subject; the same test is tested twice, the scores measured before and after the test are subjected to correlation analysis, most of projects are significant in correlation, and the test set is proved to be low in variability, high in consistency of repeated measurement and credible in overall comparison. The three indexes jointly illustrate that the content effectiveness of the test set provided by the invention is better.

By utilizing the method, related analysis is carried out on items (such as first-order contrast and second-order contrast, bar grid visual acuity and cursor visual acuity) aiming at the same function, most items are not related remarkably, and the fact that even aiming at the same function, different test items have some differences, namely different aspects of the same function can be measured is proved; the method relates the scores of different items with the existing clinical tests (namely gold standards) which are consistent with the functions of the items, has obvious correlation coefficients of most items, proves that the conception efficiency of a test set is better, and the development condition of the aimed functions can be tested. The two tests prove that the test set has better idea effectiveness.

The scores of different projects are correlated with intelligence score (MDI) and motion score (PDI) of the Belgium infant development scale, most of the project correlation coefficients are obvious, and the test set is proved to have good effect and standard effect, namely, the subjects with normal overall development and abnormal overall development can be distinguished, as shown in the following table.

The exploratory factor analysis finds that 4 factors can be extracted from the items, wherein the factor 1 comprises most of visual cognition items, including binocular depth, hand-eye coordination, joint attention, object perception, shape perception and vernier visual acuity; the factor 2 contains most of the items of primary visual cue perception, including first-order contrast, bar and cursor visual acuity; both factor 3 and factor 4 contain primary visual and visual cognitive items, monocular depth, motion perception, second-order contrast, respectively.

The use and passing criteria of each of the screening (examination) tools and the corresponding examination items are shown in the following table.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.