阅读说明：本技术 一种天然惰性腐殖质材料的激活及长效降解调控方法 (Method for regulating and controlling activation and long-acting degradation of natural inert humus material ) 是由 张丛志 张佳宝 潘慧 李健鹏 谭钧 邢文军 郑延云 马东豪 陈林 于 2021-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种天然惰性腐殖质材料的激活及长效降解调控方法,以天然木本泥炭为原料,该木本泥炭腐殖质含量高达70%以上,降解半衰期为133-155年,属于一种天然惰性腐殖质材料,在应用于土壤改良和地力提升前需要进行激活。在惰性木本泥炭材料中添加不同生物质活性材料和微生物激发调节剂进行配方组合,将木本泥炭惰性腐殖质材料激活。并根据不同土壤类型的有机质周转速率,优选出适宜于不同类型土壤的不同材料组合方式,快速提升土壤地力,并具有长效稳定性。(A method for regulating and controlling the activation and long-acting degradation of natural inert humus material features that natural wood peat is used as raw material, its humus content is up to 70% or more, and its degradation half-life is 133-155 years. Adding different biomass active materials and microorganism excitation regulators into the inert woody peat material for formula combination, and activating the inert humic material of the woody peat. According to the turnover rate of organic matters in different soil types, different material combination modes suitable for different types of soil are selected preferably, the soil fertility is improved rapidly, and the soil has long-acting stability.)

1. A method for regulating and controlling activation and long-acting degradation of natural inert humus materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, taking natural inert humus material woody peat as a raw material, wherein the humus content is up to more than 70%, the degradation half-life period is 133-155 years, and crushing the raw material to below 1mm by a physical means to form woody peat powder;

step 2, adding a biomass active material and a microorganism excitation regulator to carry out formula combination, and activating the woody peat inert humus material, wherein the biomass active material is an active organic material, and the type and the dosage of the biomass active material are determined according to the content and the turnover rate of high-yield soil organic matters in a soil area to be improved and the resource condition of the active organic matter material;

step 3, mixing the combined material into a farmland soil plough layer of 0.1-15 cm;

and 4, applying fertilizer conventionally, ploughing the soil and cultivating conventionally.

2. The method for controlling the activation and the long-term degradation of natural inert humus material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural inert humus material woody peat raw material is subjected to preliminary processing in a mining area to reduce the particle size of the large raw material to below 30cm, then the raw material is subjected to iron removal to remove the magnetic material mixed in the raw material, and then the raw material after the preliminary processing and the removal of the magnetic material is put into a primary crusher to crush the raw material to below 2cm, and then the raw material is conveyed and lifted to a secondary crusher to be further crushed, so that the particle size of the woody peat raw material is crushed to below 1 mm.

3. The method for regulating and controlling the activation and the long-acting degradation of the natural inert humus material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biomass active material in the step 2 is an active organic matter material which is easily utilized by microorganisms.

4. The method for regulating and controlling the activation and the long-acting degradation of the natural inert humus material according to claim 3, wherein the active organic matter material which is easily utilized by microorganisms is one or more of organic acids, amino sugars and polysaccharides which are rich in small molecules.

5. The method for regulating and controlling the activation and the long-acting degradation of the natural inert humus material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the straw with high degradation rate is selected from the soil active organic matter material with high organic matter turnover rate; the soil active organic matter material with slow organic matter turnover rate is applied by selecting organic fertilizer with low degradation rate or straw and organic fertilizer.

6. The method for regulating and controlling the activation and long-acting degradation of natural inert humus material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the straw usage amount in the active organic material is not more than 500 kg/mu, and the organic fertilizer usage amount is not more than 1 ton/mu.

7. The method for regulating and controlling the activation and the long-acting degradation of natural inert humus material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microorganism excitation regulator is a biological activator for inducing the rapid propagation and growth of indigenous microorganisms in soil, and the rapid excitation promotes the mass propagation of the indigenous microorganisms in the aspects of fertility and earthiness.

8. The method for regulating and controlling the activation and long-acting degradation of natural inert humus material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the content of elements in the bio-stimulant is total carbon 415.52(g kg)^-1) Total nitrogen 27.60(g kg)^-1) 0.43 parts per million of phosphorus (g kg)^-1) 56.66 parts per million potassium (g kg)^-1)、C/N15.06。

9. The method for regulating and controlling the activation and the long-acting degradation of natural inert humus material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the amount of the woody peat to the amount of the active organic material is determined according to the rate of conversion of organic matter in the same type of high yield soil to be improved, and the ratio of the content of the organic matter which is difficult to decompose and easy to decompose in the soil to be improved is referred to.

10. The method for regulating and controlling the activation and the long-acting degradation of the natural inert humus material as claimed in claim 9, wherein the ratio of the amount of the woody peat to the amount of the active organic material is 7.5-8: 2-2.5.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling activation and long-acting degradation of natural inert humus materials.

Background

Soil organic matter is generally considered to be the most important index for measuring the quality of cultivated land and the high or low soil fertility. The reason for this is that organic matter is the most important carbon reservoir, the most important source of nutrients and energy needed for life cycle in the terrestrial ecosystem, and is the main driving force for soil biological activity and nutrient cycle. Soil organic matter is also an important cementing substance for forming and stabilizing aggregates, and is closely related to soil porosity and aeration conditions, soil volume weight, water holding capacity, moisture and solute transport and the like.

Crop straws and organic fertilizers are important organic materials for fertilizing soil and improving the content of organic matters in the soil, however, a great deal of research shows that the traditional organic materials for fertilizing the soil have the defect that the content of the organic matters in the soil which are difficult to decompose can be obviously improved only by long curing and cultivating processes. Study of Courtier-Murias et al (2013)The results show that after the organic fertilizer and the straws are continuously applied for 44 years, the content of organic carbon in the calcareous soil is increased by 35 percent and 10 percent respectively. The findings of Xin et al (2016) show that the moisture content of organic carbon is increased from 3.81gkg-1 to 9.08g kg only after 23 years of continuous application of organic fertilizer^-1. The results of the Liu et al (2010) show that after 30 years of continuous application of organic fertilizer and straw, respectively, the dark lode soil organic carbon is increased by only 32.7% and 23.0%, respectively. The research results of plum-Relay et al (2011) show that after the astragalus sinicus green manure and the organic fertilizer are continuously applied in a matching manner for 26 years, the organic matter of the red soil is only improved by 20%. The reason for these long-term positioning test results is that the organic materials such as straw, organic fertilizer and green manure and soil humus are significantly different in chemical composition and functional group structure, so that they are relatively easily decomposed and utilized by microorganisms in soil. Although the high decomposition rate can rapidly provide a large amount of active nutrients such as easily decomposed soil organic matters for the soil, such as straws, organic fertilizers, green fertilizers and the like, the method has no doubt to need great time and cost to accumulate the content of the difficultly decomposed soil organic matters and improve the fertility and quality level of the soil.

The formation and accumulation of the woody peat are caused by the fact that the decomposition amount of tree residues cannot offset the growth amount of trees under a flooding reduction environment, after thousands of years of degradation, the active organic matter part of the peat is basically degraded, and the residual inert humus which is difficult to decompose is mainly remained. The content of humus in the adopted wood peat raw material reaches more than 70 percent, and the degradation half-life period reaches 133-155 years. Therefore, when the woody peat is applied to soil improvement and soil fertility improvement, the woody peat needs to be activated firstly, the woody peat is mixed with active organic matters such as straws or organic fertilizers, and the like, and the biological activator is added, so that the mass loss rate of the mixed organic materials can be obviously reduced, the decomposition half-life period is increased, the organic matter function of the inert humus materials of the woody peat is recovered, the nutrient circulation of a system is promoted, and the soil fertility is quickly improved. On the basis, the selection and the dosage of the active organic materials are determined according to the organic matter content and the turnover rate of the high-yield soil in the soil area to be improved and the resource condition of the active organic materials, so that the aims of continuous stability of the organic carbon reservoir of the soil and continuous maintenance of the soil fertility are fulfilled.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the activation and long-acting degradation of natural inert humus materials, which has the advantages of realizing the utilization of the arable land of woody peat mineral resources, quickly improving the soil fertility, being simple and efficient, and the like.

The technical scheme is as follows:

a method for regulating and controlling activation and long-acting degradation of natural inert humus materials comprises the following steps:

step 1, taking natural inert humus material woody peat as a raw material, wherein the humus content is up to more than 70%, the degradation half-life period is 133-155 years, and crushing the raw material to below 1mm by a physical means to form woody peat powder;

step 2, adding a biomass active material and a microorganism excitation regulator to carry out formula combination, and activating the woody peat inert humus material, wherein the biomass active material is an active organic material, and the type and the dosage of the biomass active material are determined according to the content and the turnover rate of high-yield soil organic matters in a soil area to be improved and the resource condition of the active organic matter material;

step 3, mixing the combined material into a farmland soil plough layer of 0.1-15 cm;

and 4, applying fertilizer conventionally, ploughing the soil and cultivating conventionally.

Preferably, in the step 1, the natural inert humus material woody peat raw material is subjected to primary processing in a mining area, so that the particle size of the large raw material is reduced to below 30cm, then the magnetic material mixed into the raw material is removed through an iron remover, the raw material subjected to primary processing and magnetic material removal is put into a primary crusher, the raw material is crushed to below 2cm, and then the raw material is conveyed and lifted to a secondary crusher for further crushing, so that the particle size of the woody peat raw material is crushed to below 1 mm.

Preferably, the biomass active material in the step 2 is an active organic matter material which is easily utilized by microorganisms.

Preferably, the active organic matter material easily utilized by microorganisms is one or more of organic acid, amino sugar and polysaccharide rich in small molecules.

Preferably, in the step 2, straws with high degradation rate are selected from the soil active organic matter material with high organic matter turnover rate; the soil active organic matter material with slow organic matter turnover rate is applied by selecting organic fertilizer with low degradation rate or straw and organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the straw dosage in the active organic material is not more than 500 kg/mu, and the organic fertilizer dosage is not more than 1 ton/mu.

Preferably, the microorganism excitation regulator is a biological activator for inducing and activating the rapid propagation and growth of the indigenous microorganisms in the soil, and rapidly activates and promotes the mass propagation of the indigenous microorganisms in the aspect of the fertile soil.

Preferably, the content of element in the biological activator is total carbon 415.52(g kg)^-1) Total nitrogen 27.60(g kg)^-1) 0.43 parts per million of phosphorus (g kg)^-1) 56.66 parts per million potassium (g kg)^-1)、C/N15.06。

Preferably, the dosage proportion of the woody peat and the active organic material is determined according to the organic matter conversion rate of the same type of high-yield soil to be improved, and the content proportion of the refractory organic matter and the easily decomposed organic matter of the soil to be improved is referred.

Preferably, the dosage ratio of the woody peat to the active organic material is 7.5-8: 2-2.5.

The principle of the technology of the invention is as follows:

the content of humus of the natural inert woody peat adopted by the invention reaches more than 70 percent, as shown in the specific embodiment 1, the content of humus reaches more than 70 percent, and the degradation half-life period is 155 years. The humus material of the woody peat is stable in property, the function of organic matters of the woody peat can not be achieved only by applying the woody peat in the soil to be improved, the raw material of the woody peat is physically crushed, exogenous chemical substances brought by chemical crushing means are avoided, the particle crushing is reduced to below 1mm, and the application of agricultural production is facilitated. The inert humus material of the woody peat is activated by adding different biomass active materials (rich in active organic matters such as small molecular organic acid, amino sugar and polysaccharide which are easily utilized by microorganisms, such as straw and organic fertilizer) and a microorganism excitation regulator (inducing and exciting the soil indigenous microorganisms to rapidly propagate and grow) for formula combination. According to the turnover rate of organic matters in different soil types, different material combination modes suitable for different types of soil are selected preferably, the soil fertility is improved rapidly, and the soil has long-acting stability.

The wood peat adopted by the invention HAs high humus content which can reach more than 70%, and the humus of the wood peat is mainly HA, HAs high humification degree and good quality and stability, and is a high-quality organic material for fertilizing soil. However, the composition proportion of humus of the woody peat is greatly different from that of humus of soil, the particle surface is more compact, the activity is lower, and more substances which are difficult to decompose exist, and the organic matter function of the soil can be realized only by activating the particles firstly.

The active organic materials adopted by the invention are rich in polysaccharide/organic acid/amino sugar, are similar to soil easily-decomposed organic matter components, can provide sources for soil organic matters and energy sources for soil microorganisms, and can activate woody peat to promote the degradation thereof as shown in table 5 in the specific examples.

The invention adopts the woody peat, the active organic material and the microorganism excitation regulator which can be applied mechanically, and the operation can be completed by utilizing the conventional farmland machinery.

The combination of the woody peat and the active organic materials adopted by the invention can greatly reduce the degradation period and promote the rapid increase of organic matters in the soil.

The microbial excitation regulator adopted by the invention can stimulate the mass propagation of indigenous microbes, activate microbial driving, promote straw decomposition, promote soil nutrient conversion, activate soil nutrients, stimulate the growth of microbes and root systems and improve the biotransformation capacity.

The invention selects active organic materials and matches the dosage of the active organic materials according to the organic matter composition and the organic matter turnover rate of different types of high-yield soil, ensures that the inert woody peat humus material can be controllably degraded and keeps long-acting property.

The invention has ecological safety, and the added woody peat agent has the characteristic of environmental protection and harmlessness, thereby ensuring that the woody peat has ecological environment safety when being used as a farmland soil conditioner.

All the materials adopted by the invention can ensure mechanized operation and application.

All the operations in the field are conventional mechanical operations, and the method has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency, simplicity, convenience and environmental protection.

Has the advantages that: 1. the invention can utilize the cultivated land and improve the soil fertility quickly, with simple and high efficiency. 2. Has ecological environment safety. Is selected from green and harmless woody peat modifier and active organic material, and the improved farmland soil has ecological environment safety. 3. Has operability. The soil conditioner is prepared by combining the woody peat, the active organic material and the microorganism excitation regulator, the operation engineering is simple, the operation is finished at one time, and the material can be applied in mechanized operation. 4. Has reliability. Experiments prove that the technology has reliability for farmland soil fertilization. 5. Has market competitiveness. Compared with other soil conditioners, the operability, the cost and the farmland soil grade after fertilization of the technology have obvious advantages and market competitiveness.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the technical principles and modes of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a graph of mass loss rate of different organic materials and combinations thereof in 4 different soils as a function of incubation time.

Detailed Description

The following soil tests further illustrate the contents of the present invention but should not be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the specific measurement methods not indicated in the test are all the measurement methods described in Shanghai, Kun et al, soil agricultural chemical analysis, Chinese agricultural science and technology Press 1999.

Test procedures and examples:

example 1

A method for regulating and controlling activation and long-acting degradation of natural inert humus materials comprises the following steps:

step 1, taking natural inert humus material woody peat as a raw material, wherein the humus content of the natural inert humus material woody peat is up to more than 70%, the degradation half-life period is 155 years, the natural inert humus material woody peat raw material is preliminarily processed in a mining area, the grain diameter of a large block of raw material is reduced to be less than 30cm, and then a magnetic material mixed with the raw material is removed through an iron remover so as to protect the safety of downstream equipment; and putting the raw materials subjected to primary processing and magnetic material removal into a primary crusher, crushing the raw materials to the particle size of below 2cm, conveying and lifting the raw materials to a secondary crusher for further crushing, so that the particle size of the woody peat raw materials is crushed to below 1mm, and obtaining the woody peat powder.

Step 2, adding a biomass active material and a microorganism excitation regulator to carry out formula combination, and activating the woody peat inert humus material, wherein the biomass active material is an active organic material, and the type and the dosage of the biomass active material are determined according to the content and the turnover rate of high-yield soil organic matters in a soil area to be improved and the resource condition of the active organic matter material;

step 3, mixing the combined material into a farmland soil plough layer of 0.1-15 cm;

and 4, applying fertilizer conventionally, ploughing the soil and cultivating conventionally.

Test materials and treatments

1. Organic materials for testing

As shown in Table 1, the organic materials used in the experiment include straw and bio-activator, besides the woody peat and organic fertilizer, wherein the straw includes rice straw and corn straw. Harvesting rice and corn stalks from the field, drying at 60 ℃, cutting to a length of less than 0.5cm, and bagging for later use. The nutrient element contents of the two straws and the excitant are listed in Table 2.

TABLE 1 humus contents (%) and PQ values of woody peat, organic fertilizer and yellow brown soil

TABLE 2 straw and excitant Nutrient element contents Table 2.2Nutrient element concentrations of straw and activator

2. Soil sample for test

Four typical soils to be improved are selected from south to north in turn nationwide as the soils for the culture experiments. Respectively developing red soil from quarterly red clay in mountain and hilly areas (28 degrees 20 '50' N and 116 degrees 52 '51' E) of Liujia stations in the Yunjiang county of the Yingtan city in Jiangxi province, wherein the soil texture is sandy loam; dry farming yellow cotton soil of Kangjicun (35 degrees 26 '30' N, 107 degrees 52 '51' E) in Yanan city, Shanxi province, the soil texture is silt loam, and the soil of the land reclamation field is basically loess matrix; dry-farming light black calcium soil in the emerging county (35 ° 23 '31 "N, 118 ° 42' 51" E) and soda alkaline soil for farming in the paddy field in the coast and county (45 ° 01 '48 "N, 122 ° 20' 20" E). The climate of the region where the Liu family station of the Yujiang river in the west of the Yangtze river belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate, the annual average air temperature and the annual average precipitation are respectively 17.6 ℃ and 1788mm, and the terrain is mainly low hillock land. The temperature zone semiarid region of the Yan kang village in Shanxi belongs to the continental monsoon climate in plateau, the annual average air temperature and the annual average precipitation are respectively 9.2 ℃ and 500mm, and the gully and hilly landform is obtained. The new country and the coast country of Jilin Tongshi belong to the continental monsoon climate region in the northern temperate zone, and the average air temperature and the annual average precipitation are respectively 5.1 ℃ and 408 mm.

Collecting original soil samples from the soil samples of the four sampling points before leveling the paddy field, air-drying the soil samples through a 5mm sieve, and bagging for later use (the pH value of the paddy field soil needs to be adjusted firstly, then the paddy field soil is air-dried and sieved, specifically, 10g CaCO is added into the litmus fortunei acid red soil every 6kg₃40g CaSO per 6kg of soda alkaline earth₄)。

TABLE 3 basic physicochemical Properties of the soil samples used

3. Experimental treatment

In the experiment, 8 experimental treatments in three group modes of a control group, a combination group and an optimization group are set, and each group mode and treatment are respectively as follows:

(1) control group:

m: containing only woody peat

S: only containing corn or rice straw

O: only contains organic fertilizer

(2) Combination group:

MS: woody peat and corn or rice straw

MO: woody peat and organic fertilizer

And OS: organic fertilizer and corn or rice straw

(3) And (3) optimizing group:

MSP: woody peat, corn or rice straw and biological activator

OSP: organic fertilizer, corn or rice straw and biological activator

The experiment also simulates the farming environment of a field paddy field and a dry land, and sets two soil farming environment conditions of flooding (paddy field) and non-flooding (dry land). The two soil farming environmental conditions are consistent in the mode of classification and treatment, and the only difference is that the straws under the paddy field condition are rice straws, and under the dry land condition, the straws are corn straws. Because the volume of the straw is larger, and the volume of the woody peat and the organic fertilizer is smaller, the straw, the woody peat and the organic fertilizer of the combined group and the optimized group are weighed according to the proportion of 4g of straw to 8g of the woody peat or the organic fertilizer and are combined. The respective groups of modes and the actual dry weight ratios of the materials used for the organic materials to be treated are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 amount (dry weight, g) of organic materials treated differently

4. Procedure of experiment

The experiment adopts a mesh bag decomposition culture experimental method to research the decomposition conditions of different treated organic materials in 4 kinds of newly reclaimed soil. The culture experiment comprises the following specific steps:

(1) weighing fresh samples of the organic materials according to the dosage in the table 4, fully and uniformly mixing, and then filling into nylon mesh bags with the pore size of 500 meshes and the size of 8 multiplied by 10 cm;

(2) sealing each nylon mesh bag, horizontally burying the nylon mesh bag in a small grid of a plastic culture box filled with 750g of soil (the thickness of the soil layer below the mesh bag is 2cm, and the thickness of the soil on the mesh bag is 4cm), and placing the nylon mesh bag in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for constant-temperature culture for 360 days;

(3) for dry land soil (Yanan and new), during the whole culture period, water is supplemented by adopting a weighing method every 1-2 days to keep the water content of the soil at 70% of the field water capacity, and for paddy field soil (eagle pond and sea), the soil is always kept in a submerged state, and the water surface is about 1cm away from the surface layer of the soil;

(4) taking out 8 treated mesh bags after culturing for 30, 90, 180 and 360 days respectively, and taking three replicates for each treated sample mesh bag;

(5) wiping off soil attached to the outer surface of the mesh bag, drying and weighing at 60 ℃, calculating mass loss before and after culture, finally sieving with a 100-mesh sieve and bagging for later use.

5. Calculation of degradation half-life of organic Material

And calculating the mass residual rate of the organic materials according to the mass percentage of the organic materials to the mass of the organic materials before decomposition (0 day) after the organic materials are decomposed in the soil by different treatments. Using a first order kinetic equation W_t＝100e^-KtMass residual rate was fitted to estimate the decomposition rate constant K (days) of the organic material^-1) (Ocmingquini et al, 2012), in which W is_tThe mass residue rate (g 100 g) of the organic material at t days of decomposition^-1). Then according to the formula T_1/2The decomposition half-life T of the organic material was calculated as ln (2)/(360K)_1/2The unit is year.

Second, test results

FIG. 2 shows the results of the variation of mass loss rate during 360 days of cultivation of differently treated organic materials in four soils (Yanan, Xinjiang, Yingtan and Wailan) under dry or paddy field cultivation conditions. As can be seen from the figure, the quality of the M treatment of the control group containing only woody peat had hardly any significant change or loss within 360 days of cultivation under any soil or cultivation conditions. This result is consistent with the previous prediction, indicating that the woody peat is indeed a recalcitrant organic material. In contrast, the quality of both S and O treatments in the control group containing straw or organic fertilizer alone was significantly reduced compared to that before culture (day 0) and both continued to increase with the increase in culture time. Although the C/N ratio of the straws is higher than that of the organic fertilizer, the decomposition rate of the straws is far greater than that of the organic fertilizer. For example, after 360 days of cultivation, S-treated mass was lost 66.9% -73.0% and 48.3% -52.1% in dry and paddy fields, respectively, while O-treated mass was lost only 14.5% -26.3% and 8.3% -10.8% in dry and paddy fields, respectively, as shown in FIG. 2. Moreover, the decomposition rate of the straws is higher than that of organic fertilizers, so that the SOM content is improved by adding straws with higher carbon content into soil much less than that of organic fertilizers. The mass loss rate of the organic fertilizer in the soil, particularly the paddy field soil, is small, as shown in figure 2.

As shown in fig. 2, it can be seen from the decomposition results of the woody peat, the straw and the organic fertilizer that one of the organic materials is applied alone, which can only increase the content of the difficult-to-decompose SOM in the soil or mainly increase the content of the easy-to-decompose SOM. Obviously, the woody peat, the straw and the organic fertilizer are combined and then applied to the soil, so that the content of the SOM which is difficult to decompose in the soil can be increased, and the content of the SOM which is easy to decompose can be increased, thereby being more beneficial to soil fertilization. Organic material types should be reasonably matched in the practical agricultural production, so that richer carbon sources and growth substances can be provided for soil microorganisms, nutrient release is increased, the pH value of soil is increased, the carbon source utilization efficiency of the soil microorganisms is improved, the biological activity of the soil is enhanced, and the soil quality is promoted to be improved.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the mass loss of the 8 treated organic materials over the entire cultivation period is in the order of magnitude, under the same soil type or cultivation conditions, essentially: s > > OSP ≈ OS > MSP ≈ MS > O > MO > M. After 360 days of incubation in Yanan dry land soil as treatments S, OSP, OS, MSP, MS, O and MO except M, their mass was lost 73.0%, 39.1%, 36.8%, 31.9%, 30.7%, 26.3% and 11.4%, respectively; the mass loss in emerging soils was 66.9%, 41.9%, 34.7%, 32.0%, 30.4%, 14.5% and 9.5%, respectively. And 48.3%, 29.4%, 31.8%, 20.4%, 22.1%, 10.8% and 5.6% of the total loss of the fluke and the soil in the olecranon paddy field after 360-day culture; losses in the seagoing soil were also 52.1%, 30.0%, 27.7%, 24.4%, 26.0%, 8.3% and 4.1%, respectively. From these data, it can be seen that the addition of woody peat or organic fertilizer reduces the rate of decomposition of the mixed organic material relative to readily decomposable straw; on the contrary, the addition of straw or organic fertilizer increases the decomposition rate of the mixed organic material compared to the difficult-to-decompose woody peat. The method discloses that the decomposition rate of the mixed organic materials can be adjusted by adjusting the content ratio of the organic materials with different stability, so as to better meet the soil fertility improvement requirements of different soils.

Comparing the above data also shows that for soils under different farming conditions, the rate of decomposition and mass loss of the same treated organic material under dry farming conditions is significantly greater than in the paddy field environment. Although the straw used in the dry land soil is corn and the paddy field soil is rice, the decomposition rate of the straw is higher than that of the corn straw because the C/N ratio of the rice straw is lower than that of the corn straw. This result indicates that the flooded anaerobic environment significantly reduces the decomposition of organic material, which affects more than the difference in straw type. Furthermore, the decomposition rates of the same treated organic material under the same cultivation and culture conditions hardly differ significantly among different soils. The data also show that the addition of the biological activator has certain promotion effect on the decomposition of organic materials processed by OS and MS in Yanan and emerging dry land soil. In paddy field soil, the addition of the biological activator has little effect on the quality loss of organic materials, and only has a certain promotion effect on the decomposition of organic materials in the treatment of OS in sea soil.

The decomposition half-life has important reference significance for guiding the reasonable utilization of the organic materials in the soil, and can be obtained by adopting a first-order kinetic index model equation Wt which is 100e-K t to perform fitting calculation according to the change result of the mass residue rate along with the time when the organic materials are decomposed in the soil. From the results of fig. 2, the decomposition fit equation and the decomposition half-life results for the different treated organic materials in dry and paddy soil are shown in table 5, respectively. The fitting result shows that the order of the decomposition rate constants K of the organic materials treated differently is consistent with the order of the mass loss rate of the organic materials, and the half-life period of decomposition is opposite to that of the decomposition rate constants K: m > MO > O > MS ≈ MSP > OS ≈ OSP > S. For organic materials of straws and organic fertilizers for traditional fertilization, in paddy field soil, the decomposition half-life period of the straws is only 0.83-0.84 years, the decomposition half-life period of the organic fertilizers is 5.60-6.74 years, and the OS treatment period of mixed organic materials of the straws and the organic fertilizers is 1.62-1.63 years; in dry land soil, the half-life of decomposition of the straw and the organic fertilizer is shorter, and is only 0.38-0.45 years and 2.19-3.60 years respectively, and the OS treatment of the mixed organic material of the straw and the organic fertilizer is only 1.11-1.12 years. Therefore, due to the short decomposition half-life of the traditional organic fertilizer application, the long time is usually needed for applying fertilizer to soil by using straws or organic fertilizer. For the woody peat, the decomposition half-life period of the woody peat in the paddy field soil is 148.88-153.37 years, which is 179.4-186.2 times and 22.8-26.6 times of the decomposition half-life period of the straws and the organic fertilizer in the paddy field soil respectively; in dry land soil, the decomposition half-life of the woody peat is 133.09-133.68 years, which is 295.8-351.8 times and 37.1-60.8 times of that of the straw and the organic fertilizer in the dry land soil respectively. The half-life period of the woody peat is about 130-150 years, on one hand, the woody peat is guaranteed not to be rapidly decomposed like the traditional organic materials after being applied to soil, so that the content of SOM which is difficult to decompose can be rapidly increased, and on the other hand, the woody peat is not too stable like high-stability biochar with carbon residue time reaching thousands of years and is difficult to combine with soil clay minerals to form organic-inorganic complex.

Therefore, the application of a single organic material cannot simultaneously improve the content of SOM which is easy to decompose and difficult to decompose in soil, so that organic materials with different stabilities are applied after being matched, and the decomposition rate of the mixed organic material is adjusted by adjusting the relative content of each organic material. As can be seen from Table 5, when the relative content of the woody peat in the MS treatment is 47.1%, the decomposition half-life period in the dry land soil is 1.49-1.57 years, which is increased to 3.3-4.1 times of that of the S treatment with only straw, and the decomposition half-life period in the paddy field soil is also increased to 2.5-2.8 times of that of the S treatment. Similarly, when the relative content of the woody peat in the MO treatment is 37.1%, the decomposition half-lives in the dry land soil and the paddy field soil are respectively 5.19-6.57 years and 10.20-15.33 years, and are respectively increased to 1.8-2.4 times and 1.5-2.7 times of the O treatment only with organic fertilizer.

TABLE 5 half-lives of different test point woody peat and different combinations of materials

Comparing the half-life decomposition results of different treatments under both dry and paddy farming conditions (table 5) it can be seen that the flooded environment also significantly increased the half-life decomposition of the same organic material. The average half-lives of M, S, O, MS, MO, OS, MSP and OSP treatments in paddy field soil (i.e. the average of the half-lives of the same organic material in both plunge and marine soils) are 1.1, 2.0, 2.1, 1.4, 2.2, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.5 times the average half-life in dry land soil, respectively. In contrast, the half-life of decomposition of organic materials in different soils varies much less under the same farming conditions. In dry land soils, the decomposition half-lives of the S and OS treatments in emerging soils are slightly less than those of extended-range soils, and the other organic materials treated are slightly greater than or equal to the decomposition half-lives of the same organic materials in extended-range soils. Of these, the differences between the O and MO treatments were greatest between the two soils, with their half-lives in decomposition in emerging soils being 1.64 and 1.27 times those in Yanan soil, respectively. In paddy field soil, except that the half-life period of MO treatment in the eagle-pool soil is smaller than that of the coastal soil, the half-life period of other organic materials treated in the eagle-pool soil is slightly larger than that of the coastal soil.