阅读说明：本技术 一种提高园林绿地土壤水分入渗速率的方法 (Method for improving water infiltration rate of garden green land soil ) 是由 兰欣 张玥 刘海龙 柴成松 于 2021-07-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及一种提高园林绿地土壤水分入渗速率的方法,属于林业工程技术领域,针对土壤通气孔隙减少、持水能力降低和渗透性变差问题提供以下技术方案,本申请的技术要点提供一种=提高园林绿地土壤水分入渗速率的方法,包括以下步骤：S1：清除园林绿地上表面的建筑垃圾、混凝土石块；S2：在园林绿地上选择特定的位置并分为两类,在第一类特定位置处开挖聚水保墒沟,在第二类特定位置处打孔洞；S3：在聚水保墒沟中填充植物掺混物、多孔颗粒材料；在孔洞内插接枝条；S4：在园林绿地上铺设土壤基质层。本申请具有增加土壤水分入渗,增加土壤通气孔隙的优点。(The application relates to a method for improving the infiltration rate of soil moisture in garden greenbelt, which belongs to the technical field of forestry engineering, and provides the following technical scheme aiming at the problems of reduction of soil air vent, reduction of water holding capacity and poor permeability, and the technical key point of the application provides a method for = improving the infiltration rate of soil moisture in garden greenbelt, and comprises the following steps: s1: removing building rubbish and concrete stone blocks on the upper surface of the garden green land; s2: selecting specific positions on a garden green land and dividing the positions into two types, excavating water-gathering soil moisture conservation ditches at the first type of specific positions, and drilling holes at the second type of specific positions; s3: filling plant admixtures and porous granular materials in the water-gathering soil-moisture conservation ditches; inserting branches into the holes; s4: and paving a soil matrix layer on the garden green land. This application has the advantage that increases soil moisture infiltration, increases soil ventilation hole.)

1. A method for improving the water infiltration rate of garden green land soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: clearing away building rubbish and concrete stone blocks on the upper surface of the garden greenbelt (1);

s2: selecting a specific position on a garden green land (1), and dividing the specific position into two types, wherein the first type of specific position is a place where water flow is easy to collect, such as a rainwater collecting path; the second specific position is a place which is easy to generate water accumulation, such as a hollow place, a water accumulation and soil moisture preservation ditch (2) is dug at the first specific position, and holes (3) are drilled at the second specific position;

s3: filling a plant mixture (21) and a porous granular material (22) into the water-gathering and soil-moisture-preserving ditch (2); branches (31) are inserted into the holes (3), and the branches (31) are obliquely arranged;

s4: a soil matrix layer (5) is laid on the garden green land (1), and the soil matrix layer (5) is compacted.

2. The method for improving the soil water infiltration rate of the garden greens according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, before the branches (31) are inserted into the holes (3), the branches (31) are pre-soaked with corn root system water extract;

the corn root system water extract is prepared by the following method: selecting corn root systems and purified water, uniformly mixing, decocting at 25-40 ℃ for 20-30min, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely corn root system water extract, wherein the weight ratio of the corn root systems to the purified water is (1-2): 5.

3. the method for improving the soil moisture infiltration rate of garden greens according to claim 1, wherein the width of the water-collecting and moisture-preserving trench (2) is 5-10cm and the depth is 30-40 cm.

4. The method for improving the soil water infiltration rate of garden greens according to claim 1, wherein the holes (3) have a diameter of 2-3cm and a depth of 30-40 cm.

5. The method for improving the soil moisture infiltration rate of garden greens according to claim 1, wherein the inclination angle of the branches (31) is 30-45 °.

6. The method for improving the water infiltration rate of garden green soil according to claim 1, wherein the plant blend (21) is formed by mixing corn leaves and dry soil, and the weight ratio of the corn leaves to the dry soil is (1-3): (80-100).

7. The method for increasing the infiltration rate of soil water into garden greens according to claim 1, wherein the porous particulate material (22) is selected from at least one of charcoal, gravel and grit.

8. The method for improving the water infiltration rate of the soil in the green lands of gardens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil matrix layer (5) is mainly formed by mixing soil, molten iron slag, sawdust, medium sand and humus, and the weight ratio of the soil, the molten iron slag, the sawdust, the medium sand and the humus is 70 (2-8) to 20: (2-8).

9. The method for improving the soil moisture infiltration rate of the garden greenbelts according to claim 1, wherein a drain pipe (4) is communicated between the water-collecting and moisture-preserving trench (2) and the hole (3), and the pre-buried depth of the drain pipe (4) is equal to the excavation depth of the water-collecting and moisture-preserving trench (2).

10. The method for improving the soil moisture infiltration rate of the garden greens according to claim 9, wherein the drainage pipe (4) is provided with a plurality of perforations (41), the plurality of perforations (41) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the drainage pipe (4), and the exterior of the drainage pipe (4) is covered with a sand blocking net (42).

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of forestry engineering, in particular to a method for improving the infiltration rate of soil moisture in garden greenbelts.

Background

The rapid development of cities leads to the increase of runoff coefficients in areas and further causes the problem of surface runoff increase, so that higher requirements are put forward on the permeability of green land soil.

In the process of urban green land construction and maintenance, the green land soil generally has the problem of soil compaction due to factors such as treading, machinery and the like, the soil compaction may cause the reduction of soil air holes, the reduction of water holding capacity and the deterioration of permeability, the formation of surface runoff is finally accelerated, and the important functions of the surface runoff formation in the aspects of rainwater regulation, accumulation, infiltration, soil reservoir and the like are influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to increase soil moisture infiltration, increase soil ventilation hole, the application provides a method for improving gardens greenery patches soil moisture infiltration speed, adopts following technical means:

a method for improving the water infiltration rate of garden green land soil comprises the following steps:

s1: removing building rubbish and concrete stone blocks on the upper surface of the garden green land;

s2: selecting a specific position on a garden green land, and dividing the specific position into two types, wherein the first type of specific position is a place which is easy to generate water flow collection, such as a rainwater collection path; the second specific position is a place which is easy to generate water accumulation, such as a hollow depression, a water accumulation and soil moisture preservation ditch is dug at the first specific position, and holes are drilled at the second specific position;

s3: filling plant admixtures and porous granular materials in the water-gathering soil-moisture conservation ditches; inserting branches into the holes, wherein the branches are obliquely arranged;

s4: laying a soil matrix layer on the garden green land, and compacting the soil matrix layer.

By adopting the technical scheme, the construction waste and the concrete stone blocks are cleaned, the influence of the construction waste and the concrete stone blocks on the growth of plants is reduced, the soil organic matter is protected from being easily lost, the compaction degree of the green soil can be damaged by excavating the water-collecting soil moisture preservation ditch and the punching holes, the water-collecting soil moisture preservation ditch and the holes have the same water guide function as a large-pore channel, the surface water of the green soil can be accelerated to quickly enter the deep layer of the green soil, the water guide function of the water-collecting soil moisture preservation ditch can be maintained by applying the plant admixture and the porous granular material, the permeability of the soil at the water-collecting soil moisture preservation ditch is improved, the runoff at the water-collecting soil moisture preservation ditch can be more quickly infiltrated, the soil volume weight is reduced, and the permeability coefficient of the soil is obviously improved; meanwhile, the plant admixture and the branches can improve the fertility of soil, enhance the activities of plants and microorganisms, enhance the soil greening and increase the infiltration of soil moisture and the ventilation pores of the soil.

Optionally, in step S3, before the branches are inserted into the holes, the branches are pre-soaked with corn root system water extract;

the corn root system water extract is prepared by the following method: selecting corn root systems and purified water, uniformly mixing, decocting at 25-40 ℃ for 20-30min, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely corn root system water extract, wherein the weight ratio of the corn root systems to the purified water is (1-2): 5.

by adopting the technical scheme, the separation of the internal secretion of the corn root system can be promoted by adopting a decoction mode, so that the corn root system water extract is rich in the corn root system secretion, the branches are soaked and pretreated by the corn root system water extract, the corn root system secretion can be carried by the branches, when the branches are inserted into soil, part of the corn root system water extract can permeate into the soil, the corn root system water extract can enhance the relation between organic matters and sticky positions in the soil, the stability of large aggregates in the soil is promoted, and the permeability coefficient of the soil is enhanced; meanwhile, corn root system water immersion liquid remained in the branches can provide a branch fermentation environment in the soil environment, so that the decomposition of the branches in the soil is accelerated, the content of microorganisms in the soil is increased, and a large pore system is formed in the soil.

Optionally, the width of the water-collecting and soil-moisture-preserving ditch is 5-10cm, and the depth is 30-40 cm.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme for gather the excavation area of water conservation dead furrow and be greater than the rainwater and collect the area of route, can gather the quick infiltration of a rainwater with higher speed.

Optionally, the diameter of the hole is 2-3cm, and the depth is 30-40 cm.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, hole department can form the preferential passageway that the rainwater infiltrates, provides the condition for the quick, deep infiltration of hollow area ponding in soil.

Optionally, the inclination angle of the branches is 30-45 °.

By adopting the technical scheme, the contact area of the branches and the soil can be increased, the area of the microorganisms acting on the soil can be increased after the branches are rotten, the microbial ecological environment of root systems of the crops can be improved, the microbial community can be improved by increasing the number of the microorganisms, and the stress resistance of the crops on the garden green land soil can be improved.

Optionally, the plant blend is formed by mixing corn leaves and dry soil, and the weight ratio of the corn leaves to the dry soil is (1-3): (80-100).

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, pack into the plant blend and gather inside the water conservation ditch, can form the macropore system in soil to the infiltration volume of the soil of change.

Optionally, the porous particulate material is selected from at least one of biochar, gravel and grit.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, porous granular material's porosity is greater than the porosity of plant blend, can realize the purification to the inside rainwater of infiltration soil, simultaneously, through mutually supporting of porous granular material and plant blend, can reduce the loss of moisture in the soil when the increase soil infiltration volume, keep the balance of soil moisture and nutrition.

Optionally, the soil matrix layer is mainly formed by mixing soil, molten iron slag, sawdust, medium sand and humus, and the weight ratio of the soil to the molten iron slag to the sawdust to the medium sand to the humus is 70 (2-8) to 20 (2-8): (2-8).

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the soil matrix layer can fill and level up the depression on gardens green space soil surface, increases gardens green space soil's pleasing to the eye degree. Because the soil matrix layer contains soil, molten iron slag, sawdust, medium sand and humus, and all the components in the soil matrix layer are mutually matched, the infiltration effect of the soil matrix layer can reach the best, the soil matrix layer surface stroke degree is increased, the soil volume weight is reduced, and the soil infiltration coefficient is obviously improved.

Optionally, a drain pipe is communicated between the water-collecting and soil-moisture preserving ditch and the hole, and the pre-buried depth of the drain pipe is equal to the excavation depth of the water-collecting and soil-moisture preserving ditch.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when precipitation surpassed the infiltration ability of gardens greenery patches soil, the drain pipe can accelerate the inside unnecessary rainwater of soil of discharging, and when the drain pipe did not lead to the water state, the circulation that the drain pipe can improve the inside air of soil improved the porosity of soil simultaneously.

Optionally, a plurality of perforations are formed in the drain pipe and are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the drain pipe, and a sand blocking net is coated outside the drain pipe.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through hindering sand net cladding drain pipe, can make inside the outside soil particle of drain pipe is difficult for getting into the drain pipe through the perforation, be convenient for keep the drainage effect of drain pipe.

In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

firstly, destroying the compaction degree of green land soil by excavating water-collecting soil moisture conservation ditches and punching holes to form an artificial macroporous channel and increase the infiltration and storage space of the green land soil moisture;

secondly, soaking the branches by using corn root system water extract to enable the branches to carry corn root system secretions, wherein part of the corn root system water extract can permeate into soil, so that the stability of large aggregates in the soil is promoted, and the permeability coefficient of the soil is enhanced;

third, through setting up the drain pipe, can realize the quick discharge to the infiltration water when precipitation surpasss the infiltration ability of gardens greenery patches soil to do not influence the growth of plant on the gardens greenery patches soil.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the garden greenbelt, water-collecting and soil moisture-preserving ditch, holes and drainage pipe.

In the figure, 1, a garden green land; 2. collecting water and preserving the dead furrows; 21. a plant blend; 22. a porous particulate material; 3. a hole; 31. branches; 4. a drain pipe; 41. perforating; 42. a sand blocking net; 5. a soil matrix layer.

Detailed Description

The present application is further illustrated below with reference to the following examples and figure 1.

Preparation example

Preparation example 1 of corn root system water extract: cutting healthy and clean fresh corn plant root systems into 2cm small sections, weighing quantitative corn root systems, adding the corn root systems into purified water, decocting at 40 ℃ for 20min, and filtering to obtain filtrate which is corn root system water extract; wherein the weight ratio of the corn root system to the purified water is 1: 5.

preparation example 2 of corn root system water extract: cutting healthy and clean fresh corn plant root systems into 2cm small sections, weighing quantitative corn root systems, adding the corn root systems into purified water, decocting at 40 ℃ for 20min, and filtering to obtain filtrate which is corn root system water extract; wherein the weight ratio of the corn root system to the purified water is 2: 5.

preparation example of soil matrix layer 1: the soil, the molten iron slag, the sawdust, the medium sand and the humus soil are mixed according to a weight ratio of 70:5:5: 20: 5.

preparation example 2 of soil matrix layer: the soil, the molten iron slag, the sawdust, the medium sand and the humus soil are mixed according to a weight ratio of 70:2:2: 20: 2.

preparation example of soil matrix layer 3: the soil, the molten iron slag, the sawdust, the medium sand and the humus soil are mixed according to a weight ratio of 70:2:5: 20: 8.

preparation of plant blend example 1: mining soil from urban green land, then naturally air-drying for 12h, and sieving the soil with a 2mm sieve after air-drying to obtain dry soil; selecting healthy and clean fresh corn leaves, naturally drying for 12 hours, and cutting the dried corn leaves into small sections of 2cm for later use; uniformly blending corn leaves and dry soil to prepare a plant blend 21, wherein the weight ratio of the corn leaves to the dry soil is 3: 100.

preparation of plant blend example 2: mining soil from urban green land, then naturally air-drying for 12h, and sieving the soil with a 2mm sieve after air-drying to obtain dry soil; selecting healthy and clean fresh corn leaves, naturally drying for 12 hours, and cutting the dried corn leaves into small sections of 2cm for later use; uniformly blending corn leaves and dry soil to prepare a plant blend 21, wherein the weight ratio of the corn leaves to the dry soil is 1: 100.

examples

Example 1: a method for improving the water infiltration rate of garden green land soil, referring to fig. 1, comprises the following steps:

s1: clearing away building rubbish and concrete stone blocks on the upper surface of the garden green land 1;

s2: selecting a specific position on the garden green land 1, dividing the specific position into two types,

the first specific position is a place where water flow is easy to collect, such as a rainwater collecting path, and a water-collecting and soil-moisture-preserving ditch 2 is dug at the first specific position, wherein the width of the water-collecting and soil-moisture-preserving ditch 2 is 10cm, and the depth of the water-collecting and soil-moisture-preserving ditch is 40 cm;

the second specific position is a place which is easy to generate accumulated water, such as a hollow, a hole 3 is drilled at the second specific position, the hole 3 is obliquely arranged, the diameter of the hole 3 is 2cm, and the depth of the hole is 40 cm;

s3: sequentially filling a plant mixture 21 and a porous granular material 22 in the water-collecting and soil-moisture-preserving ditch 2 from bottom to top, wherein the porous granular material 22 is selected from biochar, and the particle size of the biochar is 0.5cm-0.8 cm; the plant blend 21 was prepared by the method of preparation example 1 of the plant blend;

soaking a branch 31 with the diameter of 0.5-0.8cm and the length of 1m in corn root system water immersion liquid for 4 hours at the soaking temperature of 25 ℃, obliquely inserting the soaked branch 31 into the hole 3, wherein the branch 31 is preferably a wicker, the inclination angle of the branch 31 is 30 degrees, and filling soil into a gap between the branch 31 and the inner wall of the hole 3 to ensure that the branch 31 is fully contacted with the soil; the corn root system water extract is prepared by adopting the method of the preparation example 1 of the corn root system water extract;

s4: paving a soil matrix layer 5 with the thickness of 20cm on the garden green land 1, compacting the soil matrix layer 5, and preparing the soil matrix layer 5 by adopting the method of the preparation example 1 of the soil matrix layer.

Example 2: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that, referring to fig. 1, in step S2, a drain pipe 4 is pre-buried inside a garden green land 1, the drain pipe 4 is transversely arranged between a water-collecting and moisture-preserving trench 2 and a hole 3, one end of the drain pipe 4 is communicated with the water-collecting and moisture-preserving trench 2, the other end of the drain pipe 4 is communicated with the hole 3, the pre-buried depth of the drain pipe 4 is equal to the excavation depth of the water-collecting and moisture-preserving trench 2, the drain pipe 4 is provided with a plurality of through holes 41 communicating the inside and the outside of the drain pipe 4, and the plurality of through holes 41 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the drain pipe 4; the outside of drain pipe 4 is twined and is hindered sand screen 42, hinders sand screen 42 and drain pipe 4 fixed connection, hinders inside sand screen 42 can hinder the outside soil of drain pipe 4 to get into drain pipe 4 through perforation 41 for soil particles is difficult for blockking up perforation 41.

Example 3: the difference from example 2 is that the plant blend in step 3 is prepared by the method of preparation example 2 of the plant blend.

Example 4: the difference from the embodiment 2 is that the corn root system water extract in the step 3 is prepared by the method of the preparation example 2 of the corn root system water extract;

example 5 the difference from example 2 is that the soil matrix layer in step S4 was prepared by the method of preparation 2.

Example 6: the difference from example 2 is that the soil matrix layer in step S4 was prepared using the method of preparation example 3.

Comparative example

Comparative example 1: the difference from the embodiment 2 is that the holes are drilled at two specific positions of the step S2 by manual drilling, the number of the drilled holes is multiple, the drilled holes are uniformly distributed along the surface of the garden green land, and the distance between the adjacent drilled holes is 1 m.

Comparative example 2: the difference from example 2 is that the inside of the water-pooling dead furrow of step S2 is filled with only the porous granular material.

Comparative example 3: the difference from the example 2 is that the inside of the water-collecting and soil-moisture preserving trench of the step S2 is filled with only the plant blend.

Comparative example 3: the difference from example 2 is that the shoots inserted in step S3 were not soaked with corn root system water soak.

Comparative example 4 the difference from example 2 is that the soil matrix layer was not laid on the garden green land.

In the performance detection test, a certain green land in the Beijing Chang plain area is taken as a test area, the adjacent position where soil and vegetation are the same is taken as a comparison test point, a field double-ring infiltration method is adopted to carry out soil infiltration test by using a double-ring infiltration instrument, wherein the diameter of an outer ring of a double ring is 30cm, the diameter of an inner ring of the double ring is 15cm, the infiltration time is 90min, and the test determination effect is shown in the following table 1.

TABLE 1

Test items	Inner ring infiltration water quantity (g)	Average Stable infiltration Rate (cm/h)	Increase ratio (%)
				Example 1	2458.9	7.2	202
Example 2	2682.9	7.6	204
				Example 3	2338.5	6.4	165
Example 4	2568.9	7.4	203
				Example 5	2258.6	5.6	130
Example 6	2460.8	6.3	162
				Comparative example 1	2178.6	5.3	112
Comparative example 2	2239.4	5.4	115
				Comparative example 3	2039.4	5.2	110
Comparative example 4	2249.9	5.5	124

According to the embodiments 1 to 6 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, and by combining the table 1, the compactness of the green soil can be damaged by excavating the water-collecting and soil-moisture-preserving ditch, perforating holes and pre-burying the drain pipes, the water-collecting and soil-moisture-preserving ditch and the holes form an artificial macroporous channel, so that the surface water of the green soil can be accelerated to rapidly enter the deep layer of the green soil, and the application of the plant admixture and the porous particle material can improve the seepage performance of the soil at the water-collecting and soil-moisture-preserving ditch while maintaining the water-collecting and water-preserving function of the water-collecting and soil-moisture-preserving ditch, so that the runoff at the water-collecting and soil-moisture-preserving ditch can be infiltrated more rapidly, the soil volume weight is reduced, and the permeability coefficient of the soil is obviously improved; because the corn root system water extract is used for soaking and pretreating the branches, the branches carry corn root system secretions, and part of the corn root system water extract can permeate into soil, so that the stability of large aggregates in the soil is promoted, and the permeability coefficient of the soil is enhanced; partial corn root system water extract accelerates the decomposition of branches positioned in soil, improves the fertility of the soil, enhances the activities of plants and microorganisms, can enhance the soil greening, and simultaneously increases the infiltration of soil moisture and the ventilation holes of the soil.

The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.