阅读说明：本技术 高强高韧低温的球墨铸铁qt500-12及其制备方法 (High-strength high-toughness low-temperature nodular cast iron QT500-12 and preparation method thereof ) 是由 闫兴义 丛建臣 丛红日 冯梅珍 戴学忠 于 2020-11-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种高强高韧低温的球墨铸铁QT500-12及其制备方法,涉及铸铁技术领域。该球墨铸铁的制备方法包括：以生铁和/或废钢为原料,先熔炼,再加入0.8～1.3wt％的球化剂进行球化处理,添加0.08-0.15wt％的NiMgSb合金和二次孕育处理,孕育剂为0.3～0.8wt％的硅钙钡孕育剂和0.10～0.15％的含稀土孕育剂,经浇注冷却得到球墨铸铁件。本发明提供的球墨铸铁件主要壁厚在200mm左右,本体取样满足抗拉强度≥500MPa,屈服强度≥320MPa,延伸率≥12％,夏比V型缺口-20℃冲击功≥3J。(The invention provides high-strength high-toughness low-temperature nodular cast iron QT500-12 and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of cast iron. The preparation method of the nodular cast iron comprises the following steps: taking pig iron and/or steel scrap as raw materials, firstly smelting, then adding 0.8-1.3 wt% of nodulizer for nodulizing, adding 0.08-0.15 wt% of NiMgSb alloy and carrying out secondary inoculation, wherein the inoculant comprises 0.3-0.8 wt% of silicon-calcium-barium inoculant and 0.10-0.15% of rare earth-containing inoculant, and casting and cooling to obtain the nodular iron casting. The main wall thickness of the nodular iron casting provided by the invention is about 200mm, the sampling of the body meets the requirements that the tensile strength is more than or equal to 500MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 320MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 12%, and the charpy V-shaped notch impact energy at-20 ℃ is more than or equal to 3J.)

1. The nodular cast iron QT500-12 is characterized in that the nodular cast iron QT500-12 comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

3.6-3.80% of C, 2.0-2.30% of Si, less than or equal to 0.20% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.035% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, 0.001-0.0030% of Sb, 0.2-0.5% of Ni, 0.03-0.050% of Mg, and the balance of iron and impurities.

2. The nodular cast iron QT500-12 of claim 1, wherein the nodular cast iron QT500-12 has a bulk sampling tensile strength of 510-530 MPa, an elongation of 12-16%, and an average Charpy V-notch-20 ℃ impact energy of 3J or more.

3. A method for preparing the nodular cast iron QT500-12 according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

taking pig iron and/or scrap steel as raw materials, carrying out smelting, spheroidizing and inoculation, and then carrying out pouring and cooling to obtain a nodular cast iron QT500-12 casting;

the inoculation treatment comprises the step of adding NiMgSb alloy, wherein the NiMgSb alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

15-18% of Mg, 1-3% of Sb and the balance of Ni;

preferably, the amount of the NiMgSb alloy added is 0.08-0.15 wt%.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the spheroidizing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

4-7% of Mg, 40-50% of Si, 0.1-0.4% of Re and the balance of iron;

preferably, the addition amount of the nodulizer is 0.8-1.3 wt%;

preferably, the spheroidizing temperature is 1430-1480 ℃.

5. The method of preparation of claim 3, wherein the inoculation treatment comprises primary inoculation and secondary inoculation.

6. The preparation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inoculating agent for the primary inoculation is a silicon-calcium-barium inoculating agent which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

70-80% of Si, 1.5-2.5% of Ca, 8-12% of Ba and the balance of iron;

preferably, the addition amount of the silicon-calcium-barium inoculant is 0.3-0.8 wt%;

preferably, the silicon-calcium-barium inoculant is added as a coating on the nodulizer.

7. The preparation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inoculant of the secondary inoculation is a rare earth-containing inoculant comprising, in mass percent:

65-75% of Si, 0.5-2.0% of Re and the balance of iron.

8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the rare earth-containing inoculant is added in an amount of 0.10-0.15 wt%.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the rare earth-containing inoculant is added as a cast stream.

10. The method of claim 3, further comprising the steps of:

pouring the treated molten iron into a casting mold at 1310-1380 ℃, cooling to below 400 ℃, and cleaning the casting from the casting mold.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cast iron, in particular to high-strength high-toughness low-temperature nodular cast iron QT500-12 and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The working condition of the tile-megawatt wind turbine is severe, the power of the wind turbine generator is larger and larger, the sizes of parts are larger and larger, the stress condition is more and more severe, and the safety, the stability and the reliability of the wind turbine are determined by key parts, such as a cylinder body for a yaw brake system.

In some special working conditions or extra-large power engineering machinery, because the requirement on the working conditions is high, the power is improved, the requirement on the stability of equipment is improved, and the requirement on the quality of castings is also greatly improved. The material performance requirements of parts of engineering machinery parts are implemented according to the enterprise standards of customers, and are obviously higher than the national standards and the European standards.

In order to meet the requirements of the market and customers and improve the competitiveness of enterprises, the ultrahigh-strength high-toughness low-temperature nodular cast iron suitable for the cylinder body for the yaw brake system of the wind turbine generator and the engineering mechanical parts with special requirements is urgently needed to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

One of the purposes of the invention is to provide nodular cast iron QT500-12 which meets the performance requirements of ultrahigh strength, high toughness and low temperature.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of nodular cast iron QT500-12, which solves the problem of manufacturing the nodular cast iron with ultrahigh strength, high toughness and low temperature.

In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

in a first aspect, the invention provides nodular cast iron QT500-12, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

3.6-3.80% of C, 2.0-2.30% of Si, less than or equal to 0.20% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.035% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, 0.001-0.0030% of Sb, 0.2-0.5% of Ni, 0.03-0.050% of Mg, and the balance of iron and impurities.

Furthermore, the nodular cast iron has a body sampling tensile strength of 510-530 MPa, an elongation of 12-16% and a Charpy V-notch impact energy average value of more than 3J at-20 ℃.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of nodular cast iron QT500-12, which comprises the following steps:

pig iron and/or scrap steel are used as raw materials, and are subjected to smelting, spheroidizing and inoculation, and then are cast to obtain the nodular cast iron QT 500-12.

Further, the inoculation treatment comprises the step of adding a NiMgSb alloy, wherein the NiMgSb alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

15-18% of Mg, 1-3% of Sb and the balance of Ni.

Further, the addition amount of the NiMgSb alloy is 0.1 wt%.

Further, the spheroidizing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

4-7% of Mg, 40-50% of Si, 0.1-0.4% of Re and the balance of iron.

Further, the addition amount of the nodulizer is 0.8-1.3 wt%.

Further, the spheroidizing temperature is 1430-1480 ℃.

Further, the inoculation treatment comprises primary inoculation and secondary inoculation.

Further, the inoculant for the primary inoculation is a silicon-calcium-barium inoculant which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-80% of Si, 1.5-2.5% of Ca, 8-12% of Ba and the balance of iron.

Further, the addition amount of the silicon-calcium-barium inoculant is 0.3-0.8 wt%.

Further, the silicon-calcium-barium inoculant is added to cover the nodulizer.

Further, the inoculant for the secondary inoculation is a rare earth-containing inoculant which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

65-75% of Si, 0.5-2.0% of Re and the balance of iron.

Furthermore, the addition amount of the rare earth-containing inoculant is 0.10-0.15 wt%.

Furthermore, the rare earth-containing inoculant is added along with the flow during pouring.

Further, the preparation method also comprises the following steps:

firstly pouring molten iron into a casting mold at 1310-1380 ℃, then cooling to below 400 ℃, and finally cleaning a casting from the casting mold.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the component QT500-12 of the nodular cast iron provided by the invention contains a certain content of NiMgSb, and the component adjustment is carried out to obtain the ultrahigh-strength high-toughness low-temperature nodular cast iron QT 500-12. The nodular cast iron has a body sampling tensile strength of 510-530 MPa, an elongation of 12-16% and an average charpy V-notch impact energy value of more than 3J at-20 ℃.

The preparation method of the nodular cast iron QT500-12 provided by the invention is simple to operate, stable and safe in process and stable in product performance.

Compared with the GB1348-2009 and EN1563 standards which are commonly adopted at home and abroad, the ultra-high strength and high toughness nodular cast iron has the following technical requirements:

drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a view showing a structure of a stepped ingot provided in example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

With the increasing power of the wind turbine generator, the working conditions are more and more demanding, and key parts of the wind turbine generator, such as a yaw brake system cylinder body, special engineering machinery and the like, are cast by low-temperature nodular cast iron, and the safety, the stability and the reliability of the wind turbine generator are determined by the key parts.

At present, the development of ultrahigh-strength high-toughness low-temperature nodular cast iron suitable for cylinder bodies for yaw brake systems of wind turbine generators and engineering mechanical parts with special requirements is urgently needed in the market.

In order to meet the requirements of nodular cast iron with ultrahigh strength, high toughness and low temperature performance, the invention provides a nodular cast iron QT500-12 which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

3.60-3.80% of C, 2.00-2.30% of Si, less than or equal to 0.20% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.035% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, 0.001-0.003% of Sb, 0.2-0.5% of Ni, 0.03-0.05% of Mg and the balance of iron and impurities.

QT500-12 of nodular cast iron

The nodular cast iron QT500-12 is an as-cast nodular cast iron with tensile strength of more than 500MPa and elongation of more than 12%.

Typical but non-limiting contents of C are for example 3.60%, 3.70%, 3.80%;

typical but non-limiting contents of Si are for example 2.00%, 2.10%, 2.20%, 2.30%;

typical but non-limiting contents of Mn are e.g. 0.10%, 0.20%;

typical but non-limiting amounts of P are for example 0.010%, 0.020%, 0.030%;

typical but non-limiting amounts of S are e.g. 0.010%, 0.015%;

typical but non-limiting amounts of Sb are, for example, 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%;

typical but non-limiting amounts of Ni are e.g. 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%;

typical but non-limiting amounts of Mg are e.g. 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%.

The term "comprising" as used herein means that it may include, in addition to the components, other components that impart different properties to the ductile iron. In addition, the term "comprising" as used herein may be replaced by "being" or "consisting of … …" as closed.

It is to be noted that the balance of iron and impurities means that the balance of the components of the nodular cast iron of the invention excluding C, Si, Mn, P, S, Sb, Ni, Mg and optionally other components is iron and impurities, and the sum of the mass percentages of iron, impurities and C, Si, Mn, P, S, Sb, Ni, Mg and optionally other components is 100%.

Furthermore, the nodular cast iron has a body sampling tensile strength of 510-530 MPa, an elongation of 12-16% and a Charpy V-notch impact energy average value of more than 3J at-20 ℃.

The invention provides a preparation method of nodular cast iron QT500-12 for producing nodular cast iron with ultrahigh strength, high toughness and low temperature, which comprises the following steps:

firstly smelting, controlling the temperature of tapping water to be 1430-1480 ℃, and selecting 0.8-1.3 wt% of conventional rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer for nodulizing treatment at the temperature.

Typical but non-limiting tapping water temperatures are for example 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1470, 1480;

the nodulizer of the conventional rare earth magnesium alloy is typically, but not limited to, added in an amount of, for example, 0.8 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.3 wt%.

Then 0.08 to 0.15 weight percent of NiMgSb alloy and 0.3 to 0.8 weight percent of silicon-calcium-barium inoculant are added for primary inoculation treatment, and the method is to cover the nodulizer;

typical but non-limiting additions of NiMgSb alloys are for example 0.08 wt%, 0.09 wt%, 0.10 wt%, 0.11 wt%, 0.12 wt%, 0.13 wt%, 0.14 wt%, 0.15 wt%.

And then 0.10-0.15 wt% of rare earth-containing inoculant is adopted for secondary inoculation treatment, and the inoculant is added along with the flow during pouring.

Typical but non-limiting additions of rare earth-containing inoculants are for example 0.10 wt%, 0.11 wt%, 0.12 wt%, 0.13 wt%, 0.14 wt%, 0.15 wt%.

Then casting by adopting a resin sand process to ensure sufficient sand consumption, then casting, controlling the casting temperature at 1310-1380 ℃, ensuring stable casting, finally cooling, ensuring that the casting is slowly cooled in the mold, and the mold opening temperature is less than or equal to 400 ℃, and then air cooling after the mold opening.

Preferably, the nodulizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg 4-7%, Si 40-50%, Re 0.1-0.4%, and Fe for the rest.

Preferably, the NiMgSb alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-18% of Mg, 78-3% of Sb1 and the balance of Ni.

Preferably, the silicon-calcium-barium inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-80% of Si; ca 1.5-2.5%, Ba 8-12%, and the balance of Fe.

Preferably, the rare earth-containing inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-75% of Si, 0.5-2.0% of Re and the balance of iron.

By optimizing and adjusting the components of a nodulizer, adding a trace amount of NiMgSb alloy, optimizing and adjusting the components of an inoculant, and optimizing the treatment processes of spheroidization and secondary inoculation, the ultrahigh-strength, high-toughness and low-temperature nodular cast iron QT500-12 can be prepared.

The present invention will be further described with reference to examples and comparative examples. The materials in the examples are prepared according to known methods or are directly commercially available, unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

The preparation method of the nodular cast iron for pouring the trapezoid test blocks with different thicknesses comprises the following steps:

(1) the scrap steel is used as a main raw material, and is firstly smelted, and the temperature of the discharged molten iron is controlled to 1420-.

(2) Spheroidizing by using a spheroidizing agent at the temperature of 1450 ℃, wherein the spheroidizing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg 4-7%, Si 40-50%, Re 0.1-0.4%, and the balance of iron; the addition of the nodulizer was 1.1% by weight.

(3) Covering a silicon-calcium-barium inoculant on the nodulizer, wherein the silicon-calcium-barium inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-80% of Si, 1.5-2.5% of Ca, 8-12% of Ba and the balance of Fe, wherein the addition amount of the silicon-calcium-barium inoculant is 0.3% by weight.

(4) Then 0.1 wt% of NiMgSb alloy is added to the inoculant, and the molten iron is nodulized.

(5) Pouring molten iron into a casting mold of a stepped test block at 1370 ℃, and adding 0.10 wt% of rare earth-containing inoculant along with the molten iron flow during pouring, wherein the rare earth-containing inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-75% of Si, 0.5-2.0% of Re and the balance of iron.

(6) After the pouring is finished, the mixture is slowly cooled to 350-400 ℃ in a sand mold and is cleaned out of the casting mold.

The obtained trapezoid test block of the nodular cast iron comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.70% of C, 2.18% of Si, 0.18% of Mn, 0.028% of P, 0.01% of S, 0.0028% of Sb, 0.4% of Ni, 0.044% of Mg, and the balance of Fe and impurities generated in the preparation process;

production shows that, as shown in fig. 1, the ladder test block prepared by the method of the embodiment has the following bulk sampling performance: the tensile strength is 515MPa, the yield strength is 323MPa, the elongation is 13.2 percent, and the Charpy V-shaped notch-20 ℃ low-temperature impact energy is 3.5J.

Example 2

A method for manufacturing a nodular iron casting-single cylinder body comprises the following steps:

(1) scrap steel is used as a main raw material, smelting is carried out firstly, and the temperature of tapping water is controlled to 1440-1480 ℃.

(2) Spheroidizing at 1470 ℃, wherein the spheroidizing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4-7% of Mg, 40-50% of Si, 0.1-0.4% of Re and the balance of iron; the addition of the nodulizer was 0.9 wt%.

(3) Covering a silicon-calcium-barium inoculant on the nodulizer, wherein the silicon-calcium-barium inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-80 wt% of Si, 1.5-2.5 wt% of Ca, 8-12 wt% of Ba and the balance of Fe, wherein the addition amount of the silicon-calcium-barium inoculant is 0.35 wt%.

(4) 0.12 wt% of NiMgSb alloy is added to the inoculant based on the weight of molten iron, and the molten iron is discharged for spheroidization.

(5) Casting molten iron into a casting mold at 1385 ℃, and adding 0.15 wt% of rare earth-containing inoculant along with the molten iron flow during casting, wherein the rare earth-containing inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-75 wt% of Si, 0.5-2.0 wt% of Re and the balance of iron.

(6) After the pouring is finished, the mixture is slowly cooled to 380 ℃ in a sand mold and is removed from the casting mold.

The obtained nodular iron casting-single cylinder body comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.73 percent of C, 2.1 percent of Si, 0.16 percent of Mn, 0.03 percent of P, 0.01 percent of S, 0.003 percent of Sb, 0.5 percent of Ni, 0.04 percent of Mg, and the balance of iron and impurities generated in the preparation process.

The single-cylinder body product prepared by the implementation method has the body sampling performance meeting the technical requirements of the product. Sampling performance of the casting body: the tensile strength is 525MPa, the yield strength is 328MPa, the elongation is 14.2 percent, and the charpy V-shaped notch impact energy at-20 ℃ is 3.9J.

Example 3

A method for preparing a nodular iron casting-three-cylinder body comprises the following steps:

(1) scrap steel is used as a main raw material, smelting is carried out firstly, and the temperature of tapping water is controlled to 1440-1500 ℃.

(2) Spheroidizing at the temperature of 1480 ℃, wherein the spheroidizing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4-7% of Mg, 40-50% of Si, 0.1-0.4% of Re and the balance of iron; the addition of the nodulizer was 1.1% by weight.

(3) Covering a silicon-calcium-barium inoculant on the nodulizer, wherein the silicon-calcium-barium inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-80 wt% of Si, 1.5-2.5 wt% of Ca, 8-12 wt% of Ba and the balance of Fe, wherein the addition amount of the silicon-calcium-barium inoculant is 0.3 wt%.

(4) Taking the weight of molten iron as a reference, adding 0.1 wt% of NiMgSb alloy to an inoculant, and discharging the molten iron for spheroidization.

(5) Pouring molten iron into a casting mold at 1390 ℃, and adding 0.15 wt% of rare earth-containing inoculant along with the molten iron during pouring, wherein the rare earth-containing inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-75 wt% of Si, 0.5-2.0 wt% of Re and the balance of iron.

(6) After the casting is finished, the casting mold is slowly cooled to 350 ℃ in the sand mold and is removed from the casting mold.

The obtained nodular iron casting-single cylinder body comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.75% of C, 2.1% of Si, 0.16% of Mn, 0.03% of P, 0.01% of S, 0.0028% of Sb, 0.4% of Ni, 0.04% of Mg, and the balance of Fe and impurities generated in the preparation process.

The single-cylinder body product prepared by the implementation method has the body sampling performance meeting the technical requirements of the product. Sampling performance of the casting body: the tensile strength is 525MPa, the yield strength is 334MPa, the elongation is 13.8 percent, and the charpy V-shaped notch impact energy at-20 ℃ is 3.6J.

Comparative example 1

Chinese patent CN201710216871 discloses a silicon solid solution strengthened ferrite ductile iron with 500MPa of tensile strength and 14% of elongation and a manufacturing method thereof.

Comparative example 2

Chinese invention patent CN201710589807 discloses a production process of QT500-12 nodular iron castings.

Comparative example 3

Chinese invention patent CN201410431973 discloses a method for controlling the quality and components of a QT500-7 thick-wall part.

Comparative example 4

Chinese invention patent CN201910490257 discloses a nodular cast product production system and a preparation process.

And (3) analysis:

compared with the nodular cast iron QT500-12 prepared by the method of the invention through the comparative example 1, the low-temperature impact property is very poor, and the charpy V-notch-20 ℃ impact energy can not meet the requirement of 3J at all.

Compared with the nodular cast iron QT500-12 prepared by the method of the invention in the comparative example 2, the requirement of low-temperature impact at-20 ℃ of a Charpy V-notch is not met, and the increase of the weight of the casting and the increase of the wall thickness can obviously deteriorate the material structure and reduce the material performance.

Compared with the nodular cast iron QT500-12 prepared by the method of the invention through the comparative example 3, the requirement that the body large-section anatomical sampling required by the ductile iron with ultrahigh strength and high toughness meets the QT500-12 is completely different.

Compared with the nodular cast iron QT500-12 prepared by the method of the invention, the method of the comparative example 4 has no requirement on bulk sampling detection and no requirement on low-temperature impact, and is different from the nodular cast iron QT500-12 prepared by the method of the invention.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.