阅读说明：本技术 内燃发动机系统和操作内燃系统的方法 (Internal combustion engine system and method of operating an internal combustion system ) 是由 马林·埃勒斯科格 伦纳特·安德森 于 2020-03-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种方法和ICE系统,包括内燃发动机,该内燃发动机包括第一和第二组汽缸。第一和第二EGR阀控制废气从汽缸到EGR导管的流动。控制器控制第二EGR阀的关闭,从而防止废气从第二组汽缸流到EGR导管。第二EGR阀在涡轮的上游。控制器被配置成当第二EGR阀关闭时启动燃料喷射器,用于将燃料远后喷射到第二组汽缸中,使得离开第二组汽缸的燃料的至少一部分未燃烧。废气后处理系统接收和处理未在EGR导管中再循环的废气,并且包括用于远后喷射的燃料的燃烧的氧化催化剂。(The present disclosure relates to a method and an ICE system including an internal combustion engine including first and second banks of cylinders. The first and second EGR valves control the flow of exhaust gas from the cylinders to the EGR conduit. The controller controls closing of the second EGR valve to prevent exhaust gas from flowing from the second group of cylinders to the EGR conduit. The second EGR valve is upstream of the turbine. The controller is configured to activate the fuel injector when the second EGR valve is closed for injecting fuel far back into the second group of cylinders such that at least a portion of the fuel exiting the second group of cylinders is unburned. An exhaust aftertreatment system receives and treats exhaust gas that is not recirculated in the EGR conduit and includes an oxidation catalyst for combustion of the remotely post-injected fuel.)

1. An internal combustion engine system (20,20 ', 20 ", 20"') comprising:

-an internal combustion engine (4) comprising a first group of one or more cylinders (22) and a second group of one or more cylinders (24) separate from the first group,

-an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) conduit (34) for recirculating exhaust gases from the first and second groups of cylinders (22, 24) to an inlet (42) of the internal combustion engine (4),

-a first EGR valve (38) for controlling the flow of exhaust gases from the first group of cylinders (22) to the EGR conduit (34), and

-a fuel injector (46) for injecting fuel into at least one cylinder of the second group of cylinders (24),

characterized in that the system further comprises:

-a second EGR valve (44, 44') for controlling the flow of exhaust gases from the second group of cylinders (24) to the EGR conduit (34),

-a controller (40) configured to control closing of the second EGR valve (44,44 ') so as to prevent exhaust gas flow from the second group of cylinders (24) to the EGR duct (34), and configured to activate the fuel injector (46) for injecting fuel far back into at least one cylinder of the second group of cylinders (24) when the second EGR valve (44, 44') is closed so that at least a portion of the fuel exiting the second group of cylinders (24) is unburned,

-a turbine (50) arranged to receive and be driven by exhaust gases that are not recirculated in the EGR duct (34), and

-an exhaust gas aftertreatment system (36) arranged to receive and treat exhaust gas not recirculated in the EGR conduit (34), the exhaust gas aftertreatment system (36) comprising an oxidation catalyst (48) for combustion of the remotely post-injected fuel or derivative thereof,

wherein the second EGR valve (44, 44') is located upstream of the turbine (50) for the exhaust gas flowing from the second group of cylinders (24).

2. The internal combustion engine system (20,20 ', 20 ", 20"') of claim 1, wherein the controller (40) is configured to determine a desired EGR flow and control opening of the first EGR valve (38) such that the desired EGR flow is recirculated from the first group of cylinders (22) to the inlet (42) of the internal combustion engine (4).

3. The internal combustion engine system (20,20 ', 20 ", 20"') according to any of claims 1-2, wherein the recirculated exhaust gas flow delivered from the EGR conduit (34) to the inlet (42) continues to flow from the inlet (42) to both the first and second groups of cylinders (22, 24).

4. An internal combustion engine system (20,20 ', 20 ", 20" ') according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the controller (40) is configured to control the first and second EGR valves (38, 44 ') so as to obtain a desired ratio of recirculated exhaust gas flow to the EGR conduit relative to the amount of air entering the inlet (42) of the internal combustion engine (4).

5. The internal combustion engine system (20,20 ', 20 ", 20" ') of any of claims 1-4 wherein all exhaust gas from the second group of cylinders (24) flows to the exhaust aftertreatment system (36) when the second EGR valve (44,44 ') is closed.

6. The internal combustion engine system (20 "') of any of claims 1-5, wherein the second EGR valve (44') is additionally configured to control flow of exhaust gas from the first group of cylinders (22) to the EGR conduit (34).

7. The internal combustion engine system (20 "') of claim 6, including an EGR cooler (70) disposed in the EGR conduit (34), wherein the first EGR valve (38) is fluidly connected to the EGR conduit (34) downstream of the EGR cooler (70).

8. The internal combustion engine system (20,20 ', 20 ", 20"') of any of claims 1-7, wherein the oxidation catalyst (48) is an electrically heated oxidation catalyst.

9. The internal combustion engine system (20,20 ', 20 ", 20"') of claim 8, wherein the controller (40) is configured to heat the oxidation catalyst (48) to a light-off temperature of hydrocarbons present in the injected fuel.

10. The internal combustion engine system (20', 20 ") according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising an exhaust gas throttle valve (52), wherein

The exhaust throttle valve (52) is disposed downstream of the turbine (50), or

The exhaust throttle valve (52) is disposed in an exhaust conduit (54) downstream of the first EGR valve (38) and the second EGR valve (44) and upstream of the turbine (50),

wherein the controller (40) is configured to control the exhaust throttle valve (52) to further control flow to the EGR conduit (34).

11. The internal combustion engine system (20', 20 ") of any one of claims 1-10, including a compressor or pump (56) fluidly connected to the EGR conduit (34), wherein the controller (40) is configured to control the compressor or pump (56) to control flow in the EGR conduit (34).

12. A vehicle (2) comprising an internal combustion engine system according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A method (100,200) of operating an internal combustion engine system, the internal combustion engine system comprising:

-an internal combustion engine comprising a first group of one or more cylinders and a second group of one or more cylinders separate from the first group,

-an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) conduit for recirculating exhaust gases from the first and second groups of cylinders to an inlet of the internal combustion engine,

-a first EGR valve for controlling the flow of exhaust gases from the first group of cylinders to the EGR conduit,

-a second EGR valve for controlling the flow of exhaust gases from the second group of cylinders to the EGR conduit,

a fuel injector for injecting fuel into at least one cylinder of the second group of cylinders,

-a turbine arranged to receive and be driven by exhaust gases not recirculated in the EGR duct, and

-an exhaust gas aftertreatment system arranged to receive and treat exhaust gas not recirculated in the EGR duct, the exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprising an oxidation catalyst for combustion of fuel and/or fuel derivatives,

wherein the second EGR valve is located upstream of the turbine for the exhaust gas flowing from the second group of cylinders,

the method comprises the following steps:

-closing (S1) the second EGR valve, thereby preventing exhaust gas flow from the second group of cylinders to the EGR conduit,

-activating (S2) the fuel injector for injecting fuel far back into at least one cylinder of the second group of cylinders when the second EGR valve is closed, such that at least a portion of the fuel leaving the second group of cylinders is unburned.

14. The method (200) according to claim 13, comprising the further step of:

-determining (S3) a desired EGR flow, an

-controlling (S4) the opening of the first EGR valve such that the desired EGR flow is recirculated from the first group of cylinders to the inlet of the internal combustion engine.

15. The method (200) according to any of claims 13-14, wherein the exhaust gas after treatment system comprises an electrically heated oxidation catalyst, wherein the method comprises the further step of:

-electrically heating (S5) the oxidation catalyst to a light-off temperature of hydrocarbons present in the injected fuel.

16. A method (200) according to any of claims 13-15, wherein the internal combustion engine system comprises an exhaust gas throttle valve arranged downstream of the turbine, the method comprising the further step of:

-controlling (S7) the exhaust gas throttle valve to further control the flow to the EGR duct.

17. A method (200) according to any of claims 13-15, wherein the internal combustion engine system comprises an exhaust gas throttle valve arranged in the exhaust gas duct downstream of the first and second EGR valves and upstream of the turbine, the method comprising the further steps of:

-controlling (S8) the exhaust gas throttle valve to balance the flow to the turbine, and/or

-controlling (S7) the exhaust gas throttle valve to further control the flow to the EGR duct.

18. A method (200) according to any of claims 13-17, wherein the internal combustion engine system comprises a compressor or a pump fluidly connected to the EGR conduit, the method comprising the further step of:

-controlling (S6) the compressor or pump to control the flow in the EGR duct.

19. A computer program comprising program code means for performing the steps of any one of claims 13 to 18 when said program is run on a computer.

20. A computer readable medium carrying a computer program comprising program code means for performing the steps of any of claims 13-18 when said program is run on a computer.

21. A control unit for controlling the exhaust gas temperature in an internal combustion engine system, the control unit being configured to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 13-18.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine system and a vehicle comprising such a system. The invention also relates to a method of controlling an internal combustion engine system, a computer program, a computer readable medium and a control unit.

The invention may be applied to heavy vehicles such as trucks, buses and construction equipment. Although the invention will be described in relation to a truck, the invention is not limited to this particular vehicle, but may also be used in other vehicles, such as cars.

Background

Most trucks today are powered by internal combustion engines having cylinders in which fuel is combusted, thereby producing exhaust gases. The exhaust gas is typically transferred to an Exhaust After Treatment System (EATS) where the exhaust gas is treated and at least some of the pollutants in the exhaust gas are converted to harmless substances. The EATS may include an oxidation catalyst suitable for converting hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and water, a particulate filter that traps soot and ash, and a reduction catalyst that reduces nitrogen oxides to nitrogen, sometimes with the aid of a reductant fluid. During cold start or low exhaust temperatures, it is desirable to heat the EATS to its operating temperature, and occasionally to heat the EATS to a temperature above normal exhaust temperatures. Such an event may be burning off of collected soot, toxic substances (e.g. sulphur) collected on the catalyst or deposits resulting from the reductant. Such elevated temperatures may be achieved by adding fuel to the oxidation catalyst. For example, the exhaust gas may be enriched with unburned or partially burned fuel by means of a far after injection in the engine. Hydrocarbons in the injected fuel are combusted on the catalyst, thereby increasing the temperature.

To keep NOx formation low, the internal combustion engine may be fluidly connected to an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) conduit for recirculation of some exhaust gases. The recirculated exhaust gas dilutes the air/fuel mixture sufficiently to reduce the combustion temperature to a level that reduces reactions between nitrogen and oxygen that form NOx.

While each of these two approaches (i.e., far post injection and EGR) are advantageous for their particular purposes, combining the two approaches may cause problems. One problem that may arise is that the high concentration of hydrocarbons obtained from the far post injection may negatively affect EGR. More specifically, the EGR duct is typically provided with an EGR cooler. A high concentration of hydrocarbons may negatively affect the EGR cooler by condensing on cold heat exchanger surfaces, which will reduce the cooling performance of the cooler and thus the efficiency of the engine. Furthermore, high hydrocarbon concentrations in the EGR and thus in the intake air will negatively affect combustion in the cylinder, burning out prematurely in the compression stroke.

US 9,518,486 discloses a method of operating an internal combustion engine having two first cylinders and two second cylinders. EGR gas is taken from the first cylinder only and the EGR valve controls the amount of exhaust gas recirculated to the gas passage of the internal combustion engine. The temperature of the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine is increased by post-injection of fuel, which is oxidized by the catalytic converter. The post-injection occurs only in the second cylinder, the exhaust gas of which is no longer circulating.

Although the method of US 9,518,486 reduces the risk of unburned hydrocarbons entering EGR by recirculating from only the first cylinder and post-injecting in only the second cylinder, it is desirable to provide a more flexible internal combustion engine system without these limitations.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide an internal combustion engine system which alleviates the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.

According to a first aspect, the object is achieved by an internal combustion engine according to claim 1. The internal combustion engine system includes:

-an internal combustion engine comprising a first group of one or more cylinders and a second group of one or more cylinders separate from the first group,

-an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) conduit for recirculating exhaust gases from the first and second groups of cylinders to an inlet of the internal combustion engine,

-a first EGR valve for controlling the flow of exhaust gases from the first group of cylinders to the EGR duct, and

-a fuel injector for injecting fuel into at least one cylinder of the second group of cylinders, wherein the system further comprises:

-a second EGR valve for controlling the flow of exhaust gases from the second group of cylinders to the EGR conduit,

a controller configured to control closing of the second EGR valve, thereby preventing exhaust gas flow from the second group of cylinders to the EGR conduit, and configured to activate the fuel injector for injecting fuel far back into at least one cylinder of the second group of cylinders when the second EGR valve is closed, such that at least a portion of the fuel exiting the second group of cylinders is unburned,

-a turbine arranged to receive and be driven by exhaust gases not recirculated in the EGR duct, and

-an exhaust gas after treatment system (EATS) arranged to receive and treat exhaust gas not recirculated in the EGR duct, the exhaust gas after treatment system comprising an oxidation catalyst for combustion of remotely injected fuel or a derivative thereof,

wherein the second EGR valve is located upstream of the turbine for exhaust gas flowing from the second group of cylinders.

The invention is based on the recognition that by providing two EGR valves, in the normal operating mode, exhaust gases from both groups of cylinders can be recirculated, whereas in the temperature increase operating mode, one of the EGR valves can be closed, so as to allow recirculation from only one group of cylinders, and to inject fuel far behind in the other group of cylinders. This provides greater flexibility and options for controlling the treatment of exhaust gas from the first and second groups of cylinders. Furthermore, an advantage of having two EGR valves (i.e. allowing recirculation of exhaust gas from both groups of cylinders in normal operation mode) is that an equal amount of exhaust gas can be recirculated from both groups of cylinders, thereby avoiding imbalance and achieving higher efficiency.

It should be understood that in the present application, a "group" may comprise any number of items, i.e. it may be a single item or it may be a plurality of items. Thus, a group may include one or more cylinders in an internal combustion engine. Thus, the term "group" is used to distinguish one or more cylinders from one or more other cylinders. This is reflected in claim 1, which claim 1 discloses a first group of one or more cylinders and a second group of one or more cylinders separate from the first group. Further, it should be understood that for simplicity and ease of reading, in this application, reference will be made to "first group of cylinders" and "second group of cylinders" rather than "first group of one or more cylinders" and "second group of one or more cylinders". Thus, it should be understood that with the term "a group of cylinders", the number of cylinders in each group may be, for example, one, two, three, four, or more.

It should be understood that in the present application, "far after injection" of fuel refers to injection of fuel after a main injection in such a way that the later injected fuel remains unburned or at least partially unburned upon exiting the cylinder. For example, a far-back injection may occur before the exhaust valve opens (such as just before opening) so that unburned fuel may be delivered to the EATS.

It should be understood that various types of fuels may be used in conjunction with the present invention. For example, the fuel may be diesel (hydrocarbon), an alcohol (such as ethanol), methane, an ether (such as dimethyl ether). It should also be appreciated that any hydrocarbons may be partially oxidized (e.g., because fuel is provided in this state, or because hydrocarbons have been oxidized in the cylinder).

It should also be understood that in the present application, a "controller" may include any suitable electrical, mechanical, magnetic, pneumatic, and/or hydraulic device for controlling various components of the system (such as the EGR valve and the fuel injectors), particularly for controlling the manner, time, and/or duration in which the components should be activated/deactivated. The controller may include a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured for execution by one or more processors of a system, the one or more programs including instructions for performing the steps defined in the claims.

In an internal combustion engine system, the turbine may be suitably connected to a compressor for compressing intake air. The turbine is driven by exhaust gas flowing to the EATS. The EATS is suitably located downstream of the turbine. Further, both the first and second EGR valves may be suitably positioned upstream of the turbine. Accordingly, exhaust gas from the first and second groups of cylinders may be suitably recirculated upstream of the turbine.

In an internal combustion engine system, an EGR cooler may suitably be provided in the EGR duct for cooling the recirculating exhaust gases.

According to at least one example embodiment, the controller is configured to determine a desired EGR flow and control opening of the first EGR valve such that the desired EGR flow is recirculated from the first group of cylinders to an inlet of the internal combustion engine. This has the following advantages: in the temperature increase mode of operation, when the second EGR valve is closed to achieve far post injection in the second group of cylinders, the first EGR valve may be opened to a desired extent to recirculate exhaust gas from the first group of cylinders to reduce NOx formation.

According to at least one example embodiment, the recirculated exhaust gas flow delivered from the EGR conduit to the inlet continues to flow from the inlet to both the first and second banks of cylinders. This is advantageous because an improved balance in the system is obtained with respect to what is possible when exhaust gases are recirculated to only one of the first and second groups of cylinders.

According to at least one example embodiment, the controller is configured to control the first and second EGR valves such that a desired ratio of recirculated exhaust gas flow to the EGR conduit relative to the amount of air entering the inlet of the internal combustion engine is obtained. This has the following advantages: the air-fuel ratio (or more specifically the oxygen-fuel ratio) may be controlled to a desired level to meet performance and emission targets. In the normal operating mode, both the first and second EGR valves may be controlled such that an appropriate amount of exhaust gas is recirculated to achieve a desired oxygen-to-fuel ratio. In the temperature increasing operation mode, the opening amount of the first EGR valve may be appropriately controlled to obtain a desired ratio. For example, if both the first and second EGR valves have similar opening degrees in the normal operating mode, the closing of the second EGR valve may be compensated for by increasing the opening degree of the first EGR valve in the temperature increase operating mode, thereby maintaining the flow rate of exhaust gas to the EGR conduit at a desired level.

According to at least one example embodiment, all exhaust gas from the second group of cylinders flows to the exhaust gas aftertreatment system when the second EGR valve is closed. Thus, even if a far post injection is performed in the second group of cylinders, the risk of unburned hydrocarbons entering the EGR conduit is avoided.

According to at least one example embodiment, the second EGR valve is additionally configured to control a flow of exhaust gas from the first group of cylinders to the EGR conduit. By this arrangement, other control possibilities are achieved. In particular, in connection with an EGR cooler, advantages can be obtained. For example, according to at least one exemplary embodiment, an internal combustion engine system includes an EGR cooler disposed in an EGR conduit, wherein a first EGR valve is fluidly connected to the EGR conduit downstream of the EGR cooler. This may be advantageous under cold start conditions, as some of the recirculated gas may bypass the EGR cooler. Thus, it is possible to control the amount of recirculated gas that should not be cooled. Uncooled gases provide hotter charge to the cylinders, which in turn results in hotter exhaust gases at cold start. Suitably, if a second EGR valve is provided (as exemplified above) configured to control the exhaust gas flow from both groups of cylinders, the exhaust gas passing through the second EGR valve is suitably led through the EGR cooler for suitable cooling. Thus, the amount of cooled and uncooled recirculated gas can be efficiently controlled when far aft injection is not performed.

According to at least one example embodiment, the oxidation catalyst is an electrically heated oxidation catalyst. This is advantageous because by heating the catalyst, good conversion efficiency can be obtained even if the exhaust gas is not at a temperature that would otherwise be considered sufficiently high. An electric heater may be provided in front of the catalyst to heat the catalytic substrate, or the catalytic substrate may form part of such an electric heater.

According to at least one example embodiment, the controller is configured to heat the oxidation catalyst to a light-off temperature of hydrocarbons present in the injected fuel. Since the fuel (e.g., diesel) is cracked down by the remote post injection and electrical heating, the exhaust gas need not be at a temperature suitable for vaporization and ignition of the fuel.

According to at least one example embodiment, the internal combustion engine system comprises an exhaust gas throttle valve, wherein the exhaust gas throttle valve is arranged downstream of the turbine, or the exhaust gas throttle valve is arranged in the exhaust gas conduit downstream of the first and second EGR valves and upstream of the turbine, wherein the controller is configured to control the exhaust gas throttle valve to further control the flow to the EGR conduit. By providing an exhaust gas throttle, an additional control component may be obtained to control the flow to the EGR duct. In addition, the obstruction of the exhaust gas flow increases the temperature of the exhaust gas.

According to at least one example embodiment, the internal combustion engine system comprises a compressor or a pump fluidly connected to the EGR conduit, wherein the controller is configured to control the compressor or the pump to control the flow in the EGR conduit. Thus, the flow in the EGR conduit may be increased by providing an additional flow control component in the form of a compressor or pump that may drive the EGR flow when the pressure at the intake is higher than the pressure at the exhaust manifold to the EGR conduit.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine system according to the first aspect. For example, the vehicle may be a truck, bus, construction equipment, or car.

According to a third aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a method of operating an internal combustion engine system comprising:

-an internal combustion engine comprising a first group of one or more cylinders and a second group of one or more cylinders separate from the first group,

-an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) conduit for recirculating exhaust gases from the first and second groups of cylinders to an inlet of the internal combustion engine,

-a first EGR valve for controlling the flow of exhaust gases from the first group of cylinders to the EGR conduit,

-a second EGR valve for controlling the flow of exhaust gases from the second group of cylinders to the EGR conduit,

a fuel injector for injecting fuel into at least one cylinder of the second group of cylinders,

-a turbine arranged to receive and be driven by exhaust gases not recirculated in the EGR duct, and

an exhaust gas aftertreatment system arranged to receive and treat exhaust gas not recirculated in the EGR duct, the exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprising an oxidation catalyst for combustion of fuel and/or fuel derivatives,

wherein for exhaust gas flowing from the second group of cylinders, the second EGR valve is located upstream of the turbine,

the method comprises the following steps:

-closing the second EGR valve, thereby preventing exhaust gas flow from the second group of cylinders to the EGR conduit,

-activating the fuel injector for injecting fuel far back into at least one cylinder of the second group of cylinders when the second EGR valve is closed, so that at least a portion of the fuel leaving the second group of cylinders is unburned.

It will be appreciated that the control unit of the system of the first aspect of the invention is configured to perform these steps and includes the features of any one of the embodiments of the method according to the third aspect of the invention.

According to at least one example embodiment, the method of the third aspect comprises the further steps of:

-determining a desired EGR flow, an

-controlling the opening of the first EGR valve such that a desired EGR flow is recirculated from the first group of cylinders to the inlet of the internal combustion engine.

The step of controlling the opening of the first EGR valve may be performed before, during, or after closing the second EGR valve.

The advantages of the various embodiments of the third aspect are largely similar to those of the corresponding embodiments of the first aspect and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity. Exemplary embodiments of the method of the third aspect are defined in claims 14-18.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the object is achieved by a computer program comprising program code means for performing the steps of the method according to the third aspect and any embodiment thereof, when said program is run on a computer.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the object is achieved by a computer readable medium comprising a computer program comprising program code means for performing the steps of the method according to the third aspect and any embodiment thereof, when said program is run on a computer.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the object is achieved by a control unit for controlling the temperature of exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine, the control unit being configured to perform the steps of the method according to the third aspect and any embodiment thereof. The control unit may suitably be or be comprised in or comprise a controller of the system according to the first aspect.

Further advantages and advantageous features of the invention are disclosed in the following description and in the dependent claims.

Drawings

The following is a more detailed description of embodiments of the invention, reference being made to the accompanying drawings by way of example.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a vehicle including an internal combustion engine system according to at least some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal combustion engine system, according to at least some example embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 3a and 3b are schematic diagrams illustrating an internal combustion engine system according to at least some other exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating a method for operating an internal combustion engine system according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating optional steps that may be implemented in exemplary embodiments of a method for operating an internal combustion engine system.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal combustion engine system, according to at least some further exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a vehicle 2 including an internal combustion engine system according to at least one example embodiment of the invention. In this example, the vehicle 2 is shown in the form of a truck, which is powered by an internal combustion engine 4. However, the invention may well be implemented in other types of vehicles powered by an internal combustion engine, such as buses, construction equipment, and passenger cars.

The vehicle 2 is shown provided with an air intake arrangement comprising an air inlet 6, air entering the air inlet 6 and moving vertically downwards along an air duct 8. The air flows to the air cleaner 10 and then to an internal combustion engine system including the internal combustion engine 4. In the depicted embodiment, the air filter 10 is located in a lower region of the vehicle 2 and the air intake 6 is located in an upper region of the vehicle 2, more specifically, the air filter 10 is located directly behind a vehicle cab 12 and the air intake 6 is located on top of the cab 12. It should be noted, however, that the location of the components detailed above may be other locations as long as air is supplied to the internal combustion engine system.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal combustion engine system 20, according to at least some example embodiments of the invention. The system 20 includes an internal combustion engine 4, the internal combustion engine 4 in turn including a first group of cylinders 22 and a second group of cylinders 24, the second group of cylinders 24 being separate from the first group of cylinders 22. In this schematic representation of the internal combustion engine 4, each of the first group and the second group has three cylinders. However, it should be understood that the number of cylinders in each of the first and second groups may be fewer or greater. For example, a group may have one, two, four, or more cylinders.

Each cylinder has an outlet connected to a respective exhaust pipe. Three exhaust pipes 26 from the first group of cylinders 22 are joined at a first joint 28 and three exhaust pipes 30 from the second group of cylinders 24 are joined at a second joint 32. From the first junction 28, the exhaust gas is allowed to flow to an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) conduit 34 to recirculate the exhaust gas, or to an exhaust after-treatment system (EATS) 36.

The internal combustion engine system 20 includes a turbine 50 connected to a compressor (not shown) for compressing intake air. The turbine 50 is driven by exhaust gas flowing to the EATS 36. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, turbine 50 is located upstream of EATS 36. In some exemplary embodiments, the exhaust gas from the first group of cylinders 22 and the exhaust gas from the second group of cylinders 24 may have separate inflows to the turbine 50. In other exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the exhaust gases from the first and second banks of cylinders 22, 24 may have a common inflow to the turbine 50.

A first EGR valve 38 is provided for controlling the flow of exhaust gas from the first bank of cylinders 22 to the EGR conduit 34. Thus, when the first EGR valve 38 is closed, all or substantially all of the exhaust gas from the first bank of cylinders 22 will be transferred to the EATS36 via the turbine 50. By setting the opening of the first EGR valve 38, the amount of exhaust gas recirculated via the EGR conduit 34 may be adjusted. The first EGR valve 38 may be an electric EGR valve or a mechanical (e.g., pneumatic or hydraulic) EGR valve. For example, the first EGR valve 38 may include a computer-controllable stepper motor to open and close an EGR valve or a computer-controllable electromagnetic vacuum valve, or the like.

The system 20 includes a controller 40, the controller 40 configured to determine a desired EGR flow and control opening of the first EGR valve 38 such that the desired EGR flow is recirculated from the first bank of cylinders 22 to an inlet 42 of the internal combustion engine 4. The controller 40 may be, for example, any suitable type of computer or microcomputer having one or more processors. Controller 40 may include a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured for execution by one or more processors of system 20, the one or more programs including instructions for controlling the opening and closing of first EGR valve 38.

Similarly, exhaust gas from the second junction 32 may be directed to the EATS36 and/or the EGR conduit 34. Thus, a second EGR valve 44 is provided, which second EGR valve 44 can be controlled by the controller 40 to close the second EGR valve 44 (in which case substantially all of the exhaust gas is passed to the EATS36 via the turbine 50) or to open the second EGR valve 44 to extract the exhaust gas for recirculation to the inlet 42 of the internal combustion engine 4 via the EGR conduit 34. The second EGR valve 44 is suitably of the same type as the first EGR valve 38, although it is contemplated to have a different valve type.

As shown in FIG. 2, for exhaust gas flowing from the first and second banks of cylinders 22, 24, both the first EGR valve 38 and the second EGR valve 44 may be located upstream of the turbine.

The controller 40 is configured to control the first EGR valve 38 and the second EGR valve 44 to obtain a desired ratio of the flow of recirculated exhaust gas to the EGR conduit 34 relative to the amount of air entering the inlet 42 of the internal combustion engine 4. Thus, in the normal operating mode, balanced recirculation may be provided by opening both EGR valves 38, 44. The controller controls the EGR valves 38, 44 so that the amount of recirculated exhaust gas is sufficient to dilute the air/fuel mixture sufficiently to reduce the combustion temperature to a level that reduces the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen that forms NOx.

It should be noted that, as an alternative or in addition to the first and second EGR valves 38, 44, it is contemplated to connect the EGR conduit 34 to each of the exhaust conduits 26, 30 (instead of joining the exhaust conduits 26, 30 at the joints 28, 32), and to provide a separate EGR valve in each exhaust conduit 26, 30 (or in one or more of the exhaust conduits 26, 30).

The system 20 also includes a fuel injector 46 for injecting fuel into at least one cylinder of the second group of cylinders 24. Although not shown here, any suitable fuel injector may be provided to inject fuel into the first group of cylinders 22. Further, it should be appreciated that fuel is injected into each of the first and second groups of cylinders 22, 24, however, not all cylinders will be used for far after injection, as will be discussed below. It should also be appreciated that any suitable number of fuel injectors may be provided to inject fuel into any one cylinder. Further, it should be appreciated that the fuel injectors may be individually controllable, if desired, to enable different types of injection to each cylinder.

As described above, the controller 40 may open or close the second EGR valve 44. According to the inventive concept, the controller 40 is configured to control the closing of the second EGR valve 44 to prevent exhaust gas flow from the second group of cylinders 24 to the EGR conduit 34, and to activate the fuel injector 46 for late injection of fuel into at least one of the second group of cylinders 24 when the second EGR valve 44 is closed, such that at least a portion of the fuel exiting the second group of cylinders 24 is unburned. Thus, the far back injection occurs at a stage where the injected fuel remains unburned, or at least partially unburned, upon leaving the cylinder. For example, the far back injection may occur just before an exhaust valve (not shown) opens so that unburned fuel (such as including hydrocarbons) may be transferred to the EATS 36.

It should be appreciated that the controller 40 may control one or more fuel injectors for injecting fuel far back into more than one cylinder of the second group of cylinders 24, such as far back into two cylinders or all cylinders (three cylinders in this example). Fuel injector 46 may suitably form part of an electronic injection system, which may include a small computer or electronic control unit that controls fuel mixture, valve timing, and the like. The electronic control unit may collect sensor data such as air pressure, intake air temperature, etc., and operate based on such data. Such an electronic control unit may form part of the controller 40 or may receive commands/input signals from the controller 40.

The EATS36 is arranged to receive and treat exhaust gas that is not recirculated in the EGR conduit 34. The EATS36 includes an oxidation catalyst 48 for combustion of the remotely injected fuel or derivative thereof. It should be understood that the EATS36 may also include other components, although not shown. In other words, unburned fuel (including, for example, hydrocarbon or its derivative) is burned on the catalyst 48, thereby increasing the temperature. When the controller 40 has closed the second EGR valve 44, all or substantially all of the exhaust gas from the second bank of cylinders 24 flows to the EATS 36.

The oxidation catalyst 48 may suitably be an electrically heated oxidation catalyst. A separate electric heater may be provided to heat the substrate of catalyst 48, or the catalytic substrate itself may form part of the electric heater. The electric heater may suitably be powered by any energy storage device, such as a traction battery, an auxiliary battery, a storage battery, or the like. The controller 40 may be configured to heat the oxidation catalyst 48 to a light-off temperature of hydrocarbons present in the injected fuel.

In operation, when the controller 40 determines that the temperature of the exhaust gas should be increased, the controller 40 begins operating the internal combustion engine system 20 in the temperature increase operating mode. In the normal operating mode, both the first EGR valve 38 and the second EGR valve 44 may be open, however, when switching to the temperature increase operating mode, the controller 40 will close the second EGR valve 44, and when the second EGR valve 44 has been closed, the controller 40 will control the fuel injector 46 to inject fuel far back into one or more cylinders of the second group of cylinders 24, so that unburned or at least partially unburned fuel leaves the second group of cylinders 24 and is delivered to the oxidation catalyst 48, where they will combust. By separating the first and second groups of cylinders 22, 24 and allowing the first EGR valve 38 to remain open, an efficient temperature increase is achieved without negatively affecting recirculation in the EGR conduit 34. The invention thus provides a flexible switching between balanced normal and temperature increase modes of operation.

Suitably, the recirculated exhaust gas flow delivered from the EGR conduit 34 to the inlet 42 continues to flow from the inlet 42 to both the first and second groups of cylinders 22, 24. Thus, while the second EGR valve 44 may be closed and a far post injection performed in the second group of cylinders 24, any recirculated gas from the first group of cylinders 22 may be directed back to all cylinders 22, 24 (via the inlet 42) through the EGR conduit, as appropriate.

Fig. 3a and 3b are schematic diagrams illustrating an internal combustion engine system according to at least some other exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Components of the internal combustion engine system that correspond to components already presented in connection with the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2 are identified with the same reference numerals.

In addition to the components presented in fig. 2, the internal combustion engine system 20' in fig. 3a and the internal combustion engine system 20 "in fig. 3b may also include an exhaust gas throttle valve 52. In fig. 3a and 3b, two alternative positions of the exhaust throttle valve 52 are shown. In at least some example embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3a, exhaust throttle valve 52 may be located downstream of turbine 50 (in FIG. 3a, shown as being located between turbine 50 and oxidation catalyst 48). In other exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3b, an exhaust throttle valve 52 may be disposed in an exhaust conduit 54 downstream of the valves 38, 44 and upstream of the turbine 50. In either case, the controller 40 may be configured to control the exhaust throttle 52 to further control the flow to the EGR conduit 34. In the second case (fig. 3b), where the exhaust gas throttle 52 is arranged downstream of the EGR valves 38, 44 and upstream of the turbine 50, the controller 40 may also be used to control the exhaust gas throttle 52 to balance the flow to the turbine 50. In other exemplary embodiments, it is even conceivable to provide two throttle valves (not shown), one for each EGR valve 38, 44, upstream of the turbine 50. In this case, one throttle will be located in the first exhaust gas branch 58 downstream of the first EGR valve 38 and the other throttle will be located in the second exhaust gas branch 60 downstream of the second EGR valve 44.

Fig. 3a and 3b also show that the systems 20' and 20 "may include a compressor or pump 56 fluidly connected to the EGR conduit, wherein the controller 40 is configured to control the compressor or pump 56 to control the EGR conduit. Thus, the flow in the EGR conduit 34 may be increased by providing an additional flow control component in the form of a compressor or pump 56 that may drive the EGR flow when the pressure at the intake is higher than the pressure at the exhaust manifold to the EGR conduit 34.

It should be understood that while the figures illustrate certain combinations of components, these are merely exemplary embodiments that are shown for purposes of illustration, and that other embodiments are readily contemplated. For example, the various components shown in fig. 3a and 3b (such as pump 56, turbine 50, throttle valve 52, etc.) may be combined in various ways, and even though they are shown in the same figure, it is not necessary that all features be included in an embodiment. For example, in some exemplary embodiments, a pump 56 may be included, while throttle valve 52 may be omitted. Conversely, in other embodiments, one or more throttle valves 52 may be included, and the pump 56 omitted. In other embodiments, throttle valve 52 and pump 56 may be omitted.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a method 100 for operating an internal combustion engine system, according to at least one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The internal combustion engine system may, for example, be consistent with the system shown in fig. 2 and/or as described elsewhere in this disclosure.

As shown in fig. 4, the method 100 includes:

-in a first step S1, closing the second EGR valve, thereby preventing exhaust gas flow from the second group of cylinders to the EGR duct, and

in a second step S2, when the second EGR valve is closed, the fuel injector is activated for injecting fuel far back into at least one cylinder of the second group of cylinders, so that at least a portion of the fuel leaving the second group of cylinders is unburned.

FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating optional steps S3-S8 that may be implemented in an exemplary embodiment of a method 200 for operating an internal combustion engine system. It should be understood that in some exemplary embodiments several optional steps may be performed in combination (either simultaneously or at different points in time), and in other exemplary embodiments only one or several of the optional steps are performed. Thus, it should be understood that although for simplicity the optional steps S3, S5, S6, S7 and S8 have been shown as parallel steps, these optional steps are not mutually exclusive, as will be further exemplified below.

Accordingly, the following steps may be included in the method 200, except for the first step S1 and the second step S2, which are the same as in fig. 4.

As shown in fig. 5, the method 200 may include:

-in a third step S3, determining a desired EGR flow, an

In a fourth step S4, controlling the opening of the first EGR valve such that the desired EGR flow is recirculated from the first group of cylinders to the inlet of the internal combustion engine.

It should be noted that although the third step S3 and the fourth step S4 are shown as being performed after the second step S2, in other embodiments, the third step S3 and the fourth step S4 may be performed before the first step S1, or between the first step S1 and the second step S2, or simultaneously with any of the steps S1 and S2.

For example, when the internal combustion engine is operating in a normal operating mode, both the first EGR valve and the second EGR valve may be open. When it is determined that the system should be switched to operate in the temperature increase operation mode, the first step S1 and the second step S2 may be performed. The third step S3 (i.e., determining the desired EGR flow) may have been performed prior to the switch (e.g., by pre-programming a control unit such as controller 40 in fig. 2). Thus, when the second EGR valve is closed in the first step S1, the first EGR valve may need to be opened more to compensate for the loss of EGR flow from the second group of cylinders. Therefore, in this case, the fourth step S4 may be performed, for example, simultaneously with or immediately after the first step S1 or the first step S1.

Fig. 5 also shows an optional fifth step S5 in which the oxidation catalyst is electrically heated to the light-off temperature of hydrocarbons present in the injected fuel. Also, although this is shown as being performed after steps S1 and S2, it may be performed at any time in the method of the present invention. In other words, the fifth step S5 of electrically heating the oxidation catalyst may be performed before or simultaneously with any of the steps S1-S4. It should also be noted that in some exemplary embodiments, the fifth step S5 may be performed in combination (in any order or simultaneously) with the third step S3 and the fourth step S4, while in other exemplary embodiments, the fifth step S5 is performed while omitting the third step S3 and the fourth step S4.

Fig. 5 also shows that the method may comprise controlling the compressor or the pump for controlling the flow in the EGR unit in a sixth step S6. Although this is shown as being performed after steps S1 and S2, it may be performed at any time in the method of the present invention. In other words, the sixth step S6 of electrically heating the oxidation catalyst may be performed before or simultaneously with any of the steps S1-S5. Further, it should be noted that in some exemplary embodiments, the sixth step S6 may be performed in conjunction (in any order or simultaneously) with the third step S3 and the fourth step S4 and/or the fifth step S5, while in other exemplary embodiments, the sixth step S6 is performed while omitting the third step S3 and the fourth step S4 and/or the fifth step S5.

As discussed in connection with fig. 2, 3a, and 3b, in some exemplary embodiments, an exhaust throttle valve may be disposed downstream of the turbine, while in other exemplary embodiments, the exhaust throttle valve may instead be disposed in the exhaust conduit downstream of the EGR valve and upstream of the turbine. In any alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the method may include controlling an exhaust throttle valve in a seventh step S7 to further control flow to the EGR conduit.

In the case where an exhaust gas throttle valve is provided in the exhaust gas conduit downstream of the EGR valve and upstream of the turbine, the method may comprise controlling the exhaust gas throttle valve to balance the flow to the turbine in an eighth step S8.

Although the seventh step S7 and the eighth step S8 are shown as being performed after steps S1 and S2, they may be performed at any time in the method of the present invention. In other words, the seventh step S7 and the eighth step S8 may be performed before or at the same time as any of the steps S1-S6. Further, it should be noted that in some exemplary embodiments, seventh and eighth steps S7 and S8 may be performed in conjunction (in any order or simultaneously) with third and fourth steps S3 and S4, fifth step S5, and/or sixth step S6, while in other exemplary embodiments, seventh and eighth steps S7 and S8 may be performed while third and fourth steps S3 and S4, fifth step S5, and/or sixth step S6 are omitted.

The steps of the methods shown in fig. 4 and 5 may be performed by:

a computer program comprising program code means for performing the steps S1-S2 and optionally the steps S3-S8 when said program is run on a computer,

-a computer readable medium carrying a computer program comprising program code means for performing said steps S1-S2 and optionally said steps S3-S8, and/or said steps S3-S8, when said program is run on a computer

A control unit for controlling the exhaust gas temperature in an internal combustion engine system, such as the controller 40 shown in fig. 2 or as disclosed elsewhere in the disclosure, the control unit being configured to perform said steps S1-S2 and optionally said steps S3-S8.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal combustion engine system 20' "according to at least some further exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Components of the internal combustion engine system 20 "' of fig. 6 that correspond to components already presented in connection with the exemplary embodiment of fig. 2 are identified with the same reference numerals.

Thus, similar to the internal combustion engine system 20 of fig. 2, in the internal combustion engine system 20' ″ of fig. 6, a first EGR valve 38 is provided for controlling the flow of exhaust gas from the first group of cylinders 22 to the EGR conduit.

Similar to the internal combustion engine system 20 of fig. 2, in the internal combustion engine system 20' ″ of fig. 6, exhaust gas from the second group of cylinders 24 may be directed to the EATS36 and/or the EGR conduit 34. The second EGR valve 44 ' can be controlled by the controller 40 to close the second EGR valve 44 ' (in this case, substantially all of the exhaust gas from the second group of cylinders 24 is passed through the turbine 50 to the EATS 36) or to open the second EGR valve 44 ' to extract the exhaust gas for recirculation to the inlet 42 of the internal combustion engine 4 via the EGR conduit 34. The second EGR valve 44' may suitably be of the same or similar type as the first EGR valve 38, although it is contemplated to have a different valve type.

Unlike the second EGR valve 44 in fig. 2, which is provided only for controlling exhaust gas from the second group of cylinders 24, in fig. 6, a second EGR valve 44' is provided for controlling exhaust gas from both the first group of cylinders 22 and the second group of cylinders 24. In other words, the controller 40 may control recirculation of exhaust gas from the first bank of cylinders 22 by controlling the first EGR valve 38 and/or the second EGR valve 44'.

It should be understood that although only oxidation catalyst 48 is shown, EATS36 in each figure may also suitably include other components, such as those disclosed elsewhere in this application. For example, the EATS36 may include a particulate filter that traps soot and ash, and a reduction catalyst that reduces nitrogen oxides to nitrogen, such as with the aid of a reductant fluid. Further, in at least some exemplary embodiments, the internal combustion engine system 20' "in fig. 6 may include an exhaust throttle, such as shown in fig. 3 a-3 b.

It should be understood that each of the exemplary embodiments discussed and illustrated may be provided with an EGR cooler, although not explicitly shown in all of the figures. However, in fig. 6, the EGR cooler 70 is explicitly shown. In the exemplary embodiment shown, exhaust gas passing through the second EGR valve 44' reaches the EGR conduit 34 upstream of the EGR cooler 70. However, exhaust gas passing through the first EGR valve 38 is shown in this exemplary embodiment as reaching the EGR conduit 34 downstream of the EGR cooler 70. Therefore, the EGR cooler bypass is arranged via the first EGR valve 38, whereby it is possible to control the amount of recirculated gas that should not be cooled. Uncooled gases provide hotter charge to the cylinders, which in turn results in hotter exhaust gases at cold start.

Controller 40 may suitably control each EGR valve 38, 44' individually. For example, when hotter gases are not desired, the controller may close the first EGR valve 38 and allow exhaust gases from the first and second groups of cylinders 22, 24 to recirculate via the second EGR valve 44'. When a remote injection is to be performed, the controller 40 closes the second EGR valve 44', and may optionally open the first EGR valve 38 depending on the current circumstances.

It should be noted that in other exemplary embodiments, the exhaust gas passing through the first EGR valve 38 may instead be arranged to reach the EGR conduit 34 upstream of the EGR cooler 70.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings; on the contrary, those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations and modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims.