阅读说明：本技术 一种多孔金属材料的制备方法和装置 (Preparation method and device of porous metal material ) 是由 张佼 赵佳蕾 刘晓滕 赵巍 姜海涛 秦翔智 于 2021-08-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种多孔金属材料的制备方法和装置,涉及多孔金属材料技术领域。该多孔金属材料的制备方法包括将金属熔体和发泡剂分别从第一喷嘴和第二喷嘴喷出至下方的运动冷却平台上,运动冷却平台在水平方向上进行运动以获得不同形状的多孔金属材料。本申请通过将金属熔体和发泡剂分别利用单独的第一喷嘴和第二喷嘴进行喷出,并且喷出至进行水平运动的运动冷却平台上发生发泡和凝固,通过调控水平运动平台的运动轨迹来获得不同形状的多孔金属材料,通过调控第二喷嘴喷出发泡剂的节奏和流量来调整多孔金属材料的孔隙率,最终实现不同形状、不同孔隙率梯度的多孔金属材料的近净成形制备,简化(或免去)了机加工工序。(The invention discloses a preparation method and a device of a porous metal material, and relates to the technical field of porous metal materials. The preparation method of the porous metal material comprises the steps of respectively spraying a metal melt and a foaming agent from a first nozzle and a second nozzle to a moving cooling platform below, and moving the moving cooling platform in the horizontal direction to obtain porous metal materials with different shapes. This application utilizes solitary first nozzle and second nozzle to spout respectively metal melt and foamer to spout and take place foaming and solidification to the motion cooling platform that carries out horizontal motion, obtain the porous metal material of different shapes through the movement track of regulation and control horizontal motion platform, the porosity of porous metal material is adjusted through rhythm and the flow of regulation and control second nozzle blowout foamer, finally realize different shapes, the near net shaping preparation of the porous metal material of different porosity gradients, simplified (or removed) the machine tooling process.)

1. A preparation method of a porous metal material is characterized by comprising the step of ejecting a metal melt and a foaming agent from a first nozzle and a second nozzle to a moving cooling platform below the first nozzle and the second nozzle respectively, wherein the moving cooling platform moves in the horizontal direction to obtain porous metal materials with different shapes.

2. The method for preparing a porous metal material according to claim 1, wherein after the metal melt and the foaming agent are stacked on the moving cooling platform to a predetermined thickness to form a first porous metal layer, the moving cooling platform moves downwards in a vertical direction by the thickness of one porous metal layer, the metal melt and the foaming agent are continuously sprayed, and the like until the preparation of the porous metal material is completed.

3. The method for preparing a porous metal material according to claim 1, wherein the first nozzle is arranged perpendicular to the moving cooling platform, the second nozzle is arranged oblique to the moving cooling platform, the included angle between the second nozzle and the first nozzle is 30-60 degrees, and the extension lines of the first nozzle and the second nozzle are intersected with the surface of the moving cooling platform;

preferably, the diameter of the first nozzle is 1-3 mm;

preferably, the diameter of the second nozzle is 0.5-2 mm.

4. The method for producing a porous metal material according to claim 1, wherein the metal melt and the foaming agent are ejected by gas pressurization;

preferably, the pressurized gas does not react with the metal melt and the foaming agent;

preferably, the pressurized gas is Ar gas;

preferably, the spraying flow rate of the metal melt is 300-1000 g/min;

preferably, the blowing agent has a blowing flow rate of 5 to 15 g/min.

5. The method for preparing a porous metal material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the upper surface of the moving cooling platform is 10-30 ℃.

6. The preparation device of the porous metal material is characterized by comprising a smelting device for smelting alloy into metal melt, a first nozzle for spraying the metal melt, a second nozzle for spraying foaming agent and a moving cooling platform for moving in the horizontal direction to obtain porous metals with different shapes, wherein the first nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the smelting device, and the first nozzle and the second nozzle are both positioned above the moving cooling platform.

7. The apparatus for preparing a porous metal material according to claim 6, wherein the moving cooling stage includes a vertical driving mechanism for driving the cooling stage to move in a vertical direction.

8. The apparatus for preparing porous metal material according to claim 6, wherein a cooling water cavity, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged in the moving cooling platform, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively communicated with the cooling water cavity.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the melting device is provided with a sealing cover and an inlet pipe inserted into the sealing cover and extending into the melting device to pressurize the molten metal.

10. The apparatus for producing a porous metal material according to claim 6, wherein the melting device is provided with a heating device for adjusting the temperature of the molten metal.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of porous metal materials, in particular to a preparation method and a preparation device of a porous metal material.

Background

The porous metal material (also called 'foam metal') is a material with a large number of directional or random holes dispersed in the metal, combines the characteristics of the metal and the characteristics of air holes, has the advantages of small specific gravity, high specific strength, vibration absorption, sound absorption, electromagnetic shielding and the like, is a structural and functional integrated material, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, constructional engineering, mechanical engineering, environmental protection and the like. The preparation method of the prior porous metal material mainly comprises the following steps: melt foaming, gas injection foaming, powder metallurgy. The melt foaming process involves the addition of a solid blowing agent (e.g., TiH)₂) Adding the mixture into a metal melt, decomposing a foaming agent in the melt to form a large amount of bubbles, and solidifying to obtain the porous metal. In order to prevent the bubbles from floating upward and escaping or merging, substances (such as Ca and the like) for increasing the viscosity and stabilizing the foaming effect need to be added into the melt before the foaming agent is added. The melt foaming process is suitable for making blocks that can then be processed into various shapes. The gas injection foaming method is a method for directly injecting gas into liquid metal through a special blowing device to generate foam, and in order to prevent the foam from floating to the surface of a melt and then breaking, a certain amount of insoluble particles (generally ceramic particles) need to be added into the melt in advance, and the particles are adsorbed by the floating bubbles to play a role in stabilizing the foam. The gas injection foaming process is mainly used for the production of sheet materials (continuous casting) and net-shaped packing elements. The powder metallurgy method comprises the steps of firstly, uniformly mixing metal or alloy powder and solid foaming agent powder, pressing the mixture into a prefabricated body, finally, putting the prefabricated body into a mold, heating the prefabricated body to the temperature close to the melting point temperature of a matrix, decomposing the foaming agent in the matrix to form a large number of bubbles, and solidifying the bubbles to obtain the porous metal. The process is suitable for manufacturing near net shape products, and is easy to manufacture into a sandwich type composite structure, but the cost is high.

The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are compared in table 1.

TABLE 1 comparison of different porous Metal preparation Processes

In summary, the existing porous metal preparation methods are difficult to realize low-cost preparation of porous metal materials with different porosity gradients and different shapes.

In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method and a device for preparing a porous metal material.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a porous metal material, which comprises ejecting a metal melt and a foaming agent from a first nozzle and a second nozzle respectively onto a moving cooling platform below the first nozzle and the second nozzle, wherein the moving cooling platform moves in a horizontal direction to obtain porous metal materials with different shapes.

In an alternative embodiment, after the metal melt and the foaming agent are stacked on the moving cooling platform to form a first porous metal layer with a preset thickness, the moving cooling platform moves downwards in the vertical direction by the thickness of one porous metal layer, the metal melt and the foaming agent are continuously sprayed, and the like until the preparation of the porous metal material is completed.

In an alternative embodiment, the first nozzle is arranged perpendicular to the moving cooling platform, the second nozzle is arranged oblique to the moving cooling platform, the included angle between the second nozzle and the first nozzle is 30-60 degrees, and the extension lines of the first nozzle and the second nozzle are intersected with the surface of the moving cooling platform;

preferably, the diameter of the first nozzle is 1-3 mm;

preferably, the diameter of the second nozzle is 0.5-2 mm.

In an alternative embodiment, the metal melt and the foaming agent are ejected by gas pressurization;

preferably, the pressurized gas does not react with the metal melt and the foaming agent;

preferably, the pressurized gas is Ar gas;

preferably, the spraying flow rate of the metal melt is 300-1000 g/min;

preferably, the blowing agent has a blowing flow rate of 5 to 15 g/min.

In an alternative embodiment, the temperature of the upper surface of the moving cooling platform is 10-30 ℃.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation device of a porous metal material, which comprises a smelting device for smelting alloy into metal melt, a first nozzle for spraying the metal melt, a second nozzle for spraying foaming agent and a moving cooling platform for moving in a horizontal direction to obtain porous metals with different shapes, wherein the first nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the smelting device, and the first nozzle and the second nozzle are both positioned above the moving cooling platform.

In an alternative embodiment, the moving cooling platform comprises a drive mechanism for driving the cooling platform in a vertical direction.

In an optional embodiment, a cooling water containing cavity, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged in the moving cooling platform, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively communicated with the cooling water containing cavity.

In an optional embodiment, the melting device is provided with a sealing cover and an air inlet pipe inserted on the sealing cover and extending into the melting device to pressurize the metal melt.

In an alternative embodiment, the melter is provided with a heating device for adjusting the temperature of the metal melt.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the preparation method of the porous metal material provided by the application comprises the steps of respectively spraying a metal melt and a foaming agent by using a first nozzle and a second nozzle which are independent, and spraying the metal melt and the foaming agent onto a moving cooling platform which moves horizontally. Foaming and solidification occur on the platform. Through controlling first nozzle and second nozzle in this application, realize that metal melt and foamer mix in a small amount, mix more evenly. In addition, porous metal materials in different shapes can be prepared by regulating and controlling the motion track of the motion cooling platform, so that the machining time and cost are greatly saved. The porous material with the solid metal and the porous metal in laminated distribution can be prepared by regulating and controlling the spraying rhythm of the second nozzle of the foaming agent, so that the processing procedure of bonding the solid plate and the porous metal by an adhesive process in the prior art is omitted. In addition, the porous metal material with any porosity gradient can be obtained by adjusting the injection quantity of the second nozzle of the foaming agent and assisting the regulation and control of the cooling capacity of the moving cooling platform, so that the precise regulation and control of the porosity can be realized.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

The invention provides a preparation method of a porous metal material, which comprises the following steps:

s1, smelting the metal or the alloy, carrying out necessary melt treatment (such as refining, tackifying and the like), and then adjusting the temperature of the metal melt to a proper temperature (such as 680-720 ℃).

And S2, introducing pressurized gas to pressurize the metal melt and the foaming agent, so that the metal melt and the foaming agent are respectively sprayed out from the first nozzle and the second nozzle to a moving cooling platform below.

The gas under pressure in this application is selected to be a gas that does not react with the metal melt and the blowing agent, including but not limited to Ar gas. In order to ensure good spraying and mixing effects, the spraying flow rate of the metal melt is 300-1000 g/min; the spraying flow of the foaming agent is 5-15 g/min.

Furthermore, in the application, the first nozzle is arranged perpendicular to the moving cooling platform, the second nozzle is arranged obliquely to the moving cooling platform, the included angle between the second nozzle and the first nozzle is 30-60 degrees, and the extension lines of the first nozzle and the second nozzle are intersected on the surface of the moving cooling platform; the angle between the first nozzle and the second nozzle can enable the metal melt and the foaming agent to be mixed when being sprayed, and the mixing effect is favorably improved. Still inject the diameter of first nozzle and second nozzle in this application, guaranteed the injection quantity and the jet velocity of first nozzle and second nozzle to be favorable to reaching better mixed effect. Specifically, the diameter of the first nozzle in the present application is 1-3 mm; the diameter of the second nozzle is 0.5-2 mm.

And S3, moving the moving cooling platform in the horizontal direction to obtain porous metals with different shapes.

The motion cooling platform can carry out the three-dimensional motion in horizontal direction and the vertical direction to obtain the porous metal of different shapes, can be through the blowout volume of control metal melt and foamer in this application, thereby guarantee that metal melt and foamer mix a small amount, the metal melt and the foamer of high temperature spout to the motion cooling platform on, the temperature of motion cooling platform upper surface is 10-30 ℃ in this application, low temperature sets up makes the metal melt and the foamer that spout to the motion cooling platform contact and solidify fast after foaming.

Furthermore, the existing porous metal materials are mostly limited by the container, the porous metal materials in other shapes need to be cut, and the porous metal materials in different shapes can be formed by controlling the motion track of the motion cooling platform, so that the machining time and cost are greatly saved.

And S4, after the metal melt and the foaming agent are stacked on the moving cooling platform to form a first porous metal layer with a preset thickness, moving the moving cooling platform downwards by the thickness of one porous metal layer in the vertical direction, continuously spraying the metal melt and the foaming agent, and so on until the preparation of the porous metal material is finished.

Thereby keep the throw distance of first nozzle and second nozzle through the downward motion of motion cooling platform in this application, through injection a small amount of many times, can realize that metal melt and foamer mix more evenly, simultaneously, can also be through the injection rhythm of the second nozzle of control foamer, for example adopt the mode of intermittent type formula injection to prepare the porous material that solid metal and porous metal stromatolite distribute, saved prior art and carried out the manufacturing procedure that bonds solid panel and porous metal through gluing technology. In addition, the porous metal material with any porosity gradient can be obtained by controlling the injection quantity of the second nozzle of the foaming agent and assisting the regulation and control of the cooling capacity of the moving cooling platform, so that the precise regulation and control of the porosity can be realized.

Diameter, injection quantity, the injection rhythm of first nozzle and second nozzle in this application all can be adjusted in above-mentioned within range, and simultaneously, the motion trail of motion cooling platform also can be adjusted to make the porous metal material's that this application provided structure, shape, porosity obtain adjusting, porous metal material is more diversified.

Further, the application also provides a preparation device of the porous metal material, which comprises a smelting device, a first nozzle, a second nozzle and a moving cooling platform.

Wherein, the smelting device is used for smelting metal or alloy into metal melt. The smelting device is provided with a sealing cover, an air inlet pipe and a heating device, the sealing cover is used for sealing the smelting device, the air inlet pipe is inserted into the sealing cover and extends into the smelting device to pressurize metal melt, pressurized ejection of the metal melt is achieved, and the heating device is arranged on the peripheral wall of the smelting device and used for adjusting the temperature of the metal melt, so that ejection of the metal melt in a molten liquid state is achieved.

The first nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the smelting device and used for spraying the metal melt, and the second nozzle is used for being communicated with the containing device of the foaming agent and used for spraying the foaming agent. In the application, the first nozzle and the second nozzle are both located above the moving cooling platform, so that the metal melt and the foaming agent can be conveniently sprayed onto the moving cooling platform, the first nozzle is perpendicular to the moving cooling platform, the second nozzle is inclined to the moving cooling platform, and an included angle between the second nozzle and the first nozzle is 30-60 degrees. The first nozzle and the second nozzle are arranged at an angle, so that the metal melt and the foaming agent are mixed more uniformly, and in addition, the height between the first nozzle and the second nozzle and the upper surface of the moving cooling platform is 5-20cm, after the porous metal layer is stacked on the moving cooling platform, if spraying is needed to be continued, the moving cooling platform can be moved downwards for a certain distance to keep the height between the first nozzle and the second nozzle and the upper surface of the moving cooling platform to be 5-20 cm.

The motion cooling platform can carry out three-dimensional motion in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the motion cooling platform is correspondingly provided with a horizontal driving mechanism for driving the motion cooling platform to move in the horizontal direction and a vertical driving mechanism for driving the motion cooling platform to move in the vertical direction. The movement of the moving cooling platform in the horizontal direction can realize the molding of porous metal materials with different shapes. The vertical movement of the movable cooling platform is to maintain the distance between the first nozzle and the second nozzle compared with the upper surface of the movable cooling platform (including the porous metal layer piled on the surface of the movable cooling platform), so that a better spraying effect is ensured, and the metal melt is effectively prevented from splashing.

Further, adopt the cooling water to cool off motion cooling platform in this application, can adjust the temperature on motion cooling platform surface through the exit temperature of adjusting the cooling water. Particularly, in this application, be provided with cooling water in the cooling platform and hold chamber, water inlet and delivery port hold the chamber intercommunication with cooling water respectively.

According to the preparation device and the preparation method for the porous metal material, the porous metal material is prepared by adopting the specific preparation device and the specific preparation method for the porous metal material, the porous metal materials in different shapes can be prepared by regulating and controlling the motion track of the motion cooling platform, and the machining time and cost are greatly saved. The porous material with the solid metal and the porous metal in laminated distribution can be prepared by regulating and controlling the spraying rhythm of the second nozzle of the foaming agent, so that the processing procedure of bonding the solid plate and the porous metal by an adhesive process in the prior art is omitted. In addition, the porous metal material with any porosity gradient can be obtained by adjusting the injection quantity of the second nozzle of the foaming agent and assisting the regulation and control of the cooling capacity of the moving cooling platform, so that the precise regulation and control of the porosity can be realized.

The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a preparation method of a porous metal material, which comprises the following steps:

and S1, smelting the metal in a smelting device, performing necessary melt treatment, adjusting the temperature of the metal melt to 680 ℃ by using a heating device, and covering a sealing cover after the temperature is adjusted.

And S2, introducing Ar gas into the gas inlet pipe and the foaming agent containing device to pressurize the metal melt and the foaming agent, so that the metal melt and the foaming agent are respectively sprayed out from the first nozzle and the second nozzle to a moving cooling platform below. The included angle between the first nozzle and the second nozzle is 30-60 degrees, and the diameter of the first nozzle is 1.5 mm; the diameter of the second nozzle is 1mm, and the spraying flow of the metal melt is 500 g/min; the blowing agent injection flow was 8 g/min.

And S3, the temperature of the upper surface of the moving cooling platform is 20 ℃, and the moving cooling platform moves in the horizontal direction to obtain a porous material with a certain shape.

And S4, after the metal melt and the foaming agent are stacked on the moving cooling platform to form a first porous metal layer with a preset thickness, moving the moving cooling platform downwards by the thickness of one porous metal layer in the vertical direction, continuously spraying the metal melt and the foaming agent, and so on until the preparation of the porous metal material is finished.

Example 2

This example passed a method of preparing a porous metal material, which was substantially the same as example 1 except that:

in the embodiment, the second nozzle is used for intermittently spraying the foaming agent, the flow rate of the foaming agent sprayed by the second nozzle is 8g/min, the spraying is stopped firstly, after the first layer of metal is paved on the cooling platform by the metal melt sprayed by the first nozzle, and the cooling platform moves downwards by the thickness of a metal layer, the foaming agent is sprayed by the second nozzle, and the steps are repeated in this way, so that the porous metal material which is the material formed by laminating and distributing the solid metal and the porous metal is prepared.

Example 3

This example passed a method of preparing a porous metal material, which was substantially the same as example 1 except that:

in the embodiment, the second nozzle adopts a mode of spraying the foaming agent in a gradient manner, the flow rate of the foaming agent is 8g/min as an initial flow rate, the flow rate of the second nozzle is increased at a speed of increasing 1g per minute, and the porous metal material with the gradient porosity is prepared.

Examples 4 to 5

This example passed a method of preparing a porous metal material, which was substantially the same as example 1 except that: the first nozzles spray metal melt at different spray rates.

In example 4, the ejection flow rate of the first nozzle ejecting the metal melt was 300 g/min.

In example 5, the ejection flow rate of the first nozzle ejecting the metal melt was 800 g/min.

Examples 6 to 7

This example passed a method of preparing a porous metal material, which was substantially the same as example 1 except that: the first nozzles are different in diameter.

In example 6, the diameter of the first nozzle was 1 mm.

In example 7, the diameter of the first nozzle was 2 mm.

In summary, the method for preparing the porous metal material provided by the present application sprays the metal melt and the foaming agent respectively through the first nozzle and the second nozzle, and sprays the metal melt and the foaming agent onto the moving cooling platform which moves horizontally, and foams and solidifies on the moving platform. Through controlling first nozzle and second nozzle in this application, realize that metal melt and foamer mix in a small amount, mix more evenly, in addition, can prepare the porous metal material of different shapes through the movement track of regulation and control motion cooling platform, saved the time and the cost of machining greatly. The porous material with the solid metal and the porous metal in laminated distribution can be prepared by regulating and controlling the spraying rhythm of the second nozzle of the foaming agent, so that the processing procedure of bonding the solid plate and the porous metal by an adhesive process in the prior art is omitted. In addition, the porous metal material with any porosity gradient can be obtained by adjusting the injection quantity of the second nozzle of the foaming agent and assisting the regulation and control of the cooling capacity of the moving cooling platform, so that the precise regulation and control of the porosity can be realized.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.