阅读说明：本技术 一种泥岩和黏土地质盾构渣土改良分散剂及其制备与应用 (Mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersant, and preparation and application thereof ) 是由 杨基好 白建军 张转转 陈雷 刘祎 刘顿 贾兴文 杨永庆 于 2021-08-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种泥岩和黏土地质盾构渣土改良分散剂,包括：降粘附分散组分1～2份,渗透分散组分1.5～3.5份,包裹分散组分1.0～2.5份,络合组分0.1～0.5份,pH值调控组分0.1～0.3份,稳定组分0.3～0.8份,保鲜组分0.2～0.5份,水89.9～95.8份。本发明还提供了一种上述分散剂的制备方法与应用。本发明优点在于：利用降粘附分散组分降低黏土在刀盘表面的粘附力以阻止泥饼生成,利用渗透分散组分的渗透吸附实现早期黏土颗粒分散,然后借助包裹分散组分对泥岩块体包裹阻聚作用,赋予土体较大的压缩特性,达到长时分散效果；将该分散剂配合泡沫剂使用,可有效解决刀盘结泥饼问题。(The invention provides a mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersant, which comprises the following components: 1-2 parts of adhesion-reducing dispersing component, 1.5-3.5 parts of penetrating dispersing component, 1.0-2.5 parts of wrapping dispersing component, 0.1-0.5 part of complexing component, 0.1-0.3 part of pH value regulating component, 0.3-0.8 part of stabilizing component, 0.2-0.5 part of fresh-keeping component and 89.9-95.8 parts of water. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the dispersant. The invention has the advantages that: viscosity reduction and adhesion dispersion components are used for reducing the adhesion force of clay on the surface of a cutter head so as to prevent mud cakes from being generated, the permeation adsorption of permeation dispersion components is used for realizing early clay particle dispersion, and then the wrapping dispersion components are used for wrapping and inhibiting polymerization of mud rock blocks, so that the soil body is endowed with a larger compression characteristic, and a long-term dispersion effect is achieved; the dispersant is matched with a foaming agent for use, so that the problem of mud cake formation of a cutter head can be effectively solved.)

1. The mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersing agent is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of adhesion-reducing dispersing component, 1.5-3.5 parts of penetrating dispersing component, 1.0-2.5 parts of wrapping dispersing component, 0.1-0.5 part of complexing component, 0.1-0.3 part of pH value regulating component, 0.3-0.8 part of stabilizing component, 0.2-0.5 part of fresh-keeping component and 89.9-95.8 parts of water.

2. The mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersant according to claim 1, wherein said viscosity-reducing additive dispersing component is one or a mixture of two of polyacrylic acid sodium salt and polycarboxylic acid sodium salt; the molecular weight of the polyacrylic acid sodium salt is 10000-200000, and the molecular weight of the polycarboxylic acid sodium salt is 100000-300000.

3. The mudstone and clay geological shield muck improving dispersant according to claim 1, wherein the osmotic dispersing component is one or more of sodium di-sec-octyl maleate sulfonate, sulfated castor oil, sodium alkyl succinate sulfonate, sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate.

4. The mudstone and clay geological shield muck improving dispersant as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coating dispersion component is one of anionic polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol; the molecular weight of the anionic polyacrylamide is 300-500 ten thousand, and the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is not less than 10 ten thousand.

5. The mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersant according to claim 1, wherein the complexing component is one of tetrasodium amino trimethylene phosphonate, sodium hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonate and sodium ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate.

6. The mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersant of claim 1, wherein said mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersant is characterized in that said mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersant is selected from the group consisting of clay, bentonite, and wherein said shale and clay geological shield muck is selected from the group consisting of shale and clayThe pH value regulating and controlling components are NaOH and NaHCO₃One kind of (1).

7. The mudstone and clay geological shield muck improving dispersant according to claim 1, wherein the stabilizing component is one of guar and xanthan.

8. The mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersant as claimed in claim 1, wherein said freshness-retaining component is one of sodium benzoate and chitosan; and the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is 70-85%.

9. The preparation method of the mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersant as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) heating the water in the stirring kettle to 60-70 ℃ and continuously keeping the temperature, adding the stable components while stirring at a stirring speed of 100-200 r/min, continuously preserving the heat and stirring for 0.5h, and then stopping stirring and cooling;

(2) weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, cooling the solution obtained in the step (1) to below 35 ℃, adding the adhesion reducing dispersion component, the penetration dispersion component, the wrapping dispersion component, the complexing component and the fresh-keeping component into the solution at one time, and continuously stirring for 1h at the stirring speed of 200-300 r/min;

(3) and (3) adding the pH value regulating and controlling component in parts by weight into the solution obtained in the step (2), and continuously stirring for 15-30 min at a stirring speed of 100-150 r/min to finally obtain the mudstone and clay geological shield muck improving and dispersing agent required by the target.

10. The application of the mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersant as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the dispersant and the foaming agent are mixed according to the mass ratio of (8-13): 100, and then are used for improving the muck of the mudstone and clay geological shield together.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering materials, in particular to a mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersing agent and preparation and application thereof.

Background

In earth pressure balance shield construction, in order to improve the plastic flow characteristics of the soil body at the front end of a cutter head and in an earth bin, a common method is to adopt a foaming agent to improve the slag and the soil of the cut soil body so as to achieve the effects of smooth slag discharge, stable excavation surface and moderate thrust. However, for mudstone and clay geology, if the common foaming agent is directly adopted for improvement, although the flowability of the muck can be improved, the characteristics that the mudstone and clay particles are easy to adsorb a cutter head are not well changed, and the compressibility of the soil body cannot be well increased, the phenomenon that the cutter head is easy to generate mud cakes when the mudstone and clay geological shield is constructed can still be caused, so that the muck at the front end of the cutter head cannot be timely removed, the construction efficiency of the geological shield of the type is seriously influenced, and the abrasion condition of the cutter is also increased. Therefore, a proper technical scheme is sought, the problem that a cutter head is easy to form mud cakes when a mudstone and clay geological shield is constructed is solved, and the important measure for ensuring the shield construction quality is achieved.

Patent CN 112342028A discloses a shield dispersant and a preparation method and application thereof, the dispersant disclosed by the patent is mainly compounded by a chelating agent, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a ceramic dispersant, a penetrating agent and water; the dispersing agent is combined with the foaming agent, so that a certain dispersing function can be endowed to the foaming agent. Patent CN 109628073A discloses a clay dispersant and a preparation method thereof, wherein the main components of the clay dispersant disclosed by the patent are a surfactant, a diffusant, a penetrating agent, a reinforcing agent and a stripping agent; the main technical idea of the patent is to utilize the rapid permeation, adsorption and decomposition effects of a dispersing agent (combined with a foaming agent) on clay particles to achieve the effect that the viscous soil is rapidly peeled off from the surface of a cutter head; however, the dispersing agent of the patent has an unclear dispersing effect on low-permeability clay.

At present, in the technical schemes provided by the retrievable documents and patents, the overall technical idea is to reduce the cohesive force of clay particles and a metal cutter head by rapidly permeating and adsorbing dispersed components on the surface of the clay particles so as to achieve the effect of effectively relieving the 'mud cake'. However, the 'mud cake' is mainly determined by two factors: (1) the cutter head adsorbs soil particles; (2) the soil compressibility is too low. The prior technical scheme only overcomes the first factor, and no clear technical thought or technical scheme is provided for the second factor, namely how to improve the compression characteristic of the viscous soil body.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing a mudstone and clay geological shield muck improving dispersant which has high dispersion speed, long duration, small corrosivity and strong safety, and a preparation method and application thereof.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:

a mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of adhesion-reducing dispersing component, 1.5-3.5 parts of penetrating dispersing component, 1.0-2.5 parts of wrapping dispersing component, 0.1-0.5 part of complexing component, 0.1-0.3 part of pH value regulating component, 0.3-0.8 part of stabilizing component, 0.2-0.5 part of fresh-keeping component and 89.9-95.8 parts of water.

According to the invention, the clay adhesion on the metal surface of the cutter head is reduced by utilizing the rapid adsorption of the viscosity-reducing adhesion dispersion component to prevent mud cakes from being generated, the early clay particle dispersion is realized by utilizing the osmotic adsorption of the osmotic dispersion component, and then the clay (or clay) block is wrapped and polymerization-inhibited by the wrapping dispersion component to endow the soil body with a larger compression characteristic so as to achieve the effect of long-term dispersion.

As one of the preferable modes of the invention, the adhesion-reducing dispersing component is one or a mixture of two of polyacrylic acid sodium salt and polycarboxylic acid sodium salt; the molecular weight of the polyacrylic acid sodium salt is 10000-200000, and the molecular weight of the polycarboxylic acid sodium salt is 100000-300000.

As one of the preferable modes of the invention, the osmotic dispersion component is one or a mixture of more of sodium di-sec-octyl maleate sulfonate, sulfated castor oil, sodium alkyl succinate sulfonate and sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate.

As one of the preferable modes of the invention, the coating dispersion component is one of anionic polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol; the molecular weight of the anionic polyacrylamide is 300-500 ten thousand, and the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is not less than 10 ten thousand.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the complexing component is one of tetrasodium aminotrimethylenephosphonate, sodium hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate and sodium ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate.

As one of the preferable modes of the invention, the pH value regulating component is NaOH and NaHCO₃One kind of (1).

As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the stabilizing component is one of guar gum and xanthan gum.

As one of the preferable modes of the invention, the fresh-keeping component is one of sodium benzoate and chitosan; and the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is 70-85%.

A preparation method of the mudstone and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersant comprises the following steps:

(1) heating the water in the stirring kettle to 60-70 ℃ and continuously keeping the temperature, adding the stable components while stirring at a stirring speed of 100-200 r/min, continuously preserving the heat and stirring for 0.5h, and then stopping stirring and cooling;

(2) weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, cooling the solution obtained in the step (1) to below 35 ℃, adding the adhesion reducing dispersion component, the penetration dispersion component, the wrapping dispersion component, the complexing component and the fresh-keeping component into the solution at one time, and continuously stirring for 1h at the stirring speed of 200-300 r/min;

(3) and (3) adding the pH value regulating and controlling component in parts by weight into the solution obtained in the step (2), and continuously stirring for 15-30 min at a stirring speed of 100-150 r/min to finally obtain the mudstone and clay geological shield muck improving and dispersing agent required by the target.

The application of the shale and clay geological shield muck improvement dispersing agent is characterized in that the dispersing agent and a foaming agent are mixed according to the mass ratio of (8-13): 100, and then are used for improving the muck of the mudstone and clay geological shield together.

The main technical principle of the invention is as follows:

(1) the viscosity reduction adhesion dispersion component adopts medium molecular weight polyacrylic acids and polycarboxylic acid polymers with carboxyl functional groups, has the characteristic of quickly adsorbing the surface of soil particles, quickly changes the charge characteristic of the surface of the soil particles, reduces the adhesion force of the soil particles and the metal surface, prevents the cut soil particles from being quickly enriched and adhered on the surface of a cutter head, and breaks a first element formed by mud cakes;

(2) the penetration component penetrates into the soil particles by utilizing micro cracks generated by the shield cutting action, so that the originally adhered soil particles are decomposed and adsorbed on the surfaces of the soil particles, the functional groups with hydrogen bonds extend into the aqueous solution, a layer of water film is formed on the surfaces of the soil particles, the agglomeration of the particles is prevented, the space distance of the soil particles is increased, and the compressibility of the soil body is increased;

(3) the wrapping and slipping functions of the wrapping and dispersing components are fully exerted; the polymer which is used for wrapping the dispersion components and is preferred has moderate molecular weight, has the characteristic of being quickly dissolved in water, can quickly wrap soil particles after being contacted with large soil particles, reduces cohesive force and friction angle among the soil particles, achieves the characteristic of dispersing the soil particles for a long time and increasing the compressibility of a soil body, ensures that the soil body at the front end of the cutter head is not easy to be hardened after being compressed, and can slow down the generation of cutter head mud cakes for a long time;

(4) the complexing component can complex calcium and magnesium ions in water for mixing, underground water and water in a foaming agent, and reduces the influence of the ions in the water on the performance of the dispersing agent.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the dispersant provided by the invention fully considers two main factors influencing the formation of mud cakes: firstly, carrying out metal adsorption on a cutter head of soil particles; secondly, the compression characteristic of soil particles; the invention provides an invention route of 'earlier stage cohesive force reduction, middle stage soil particle reduction, final stage soil cohesive force reduction and friction angle reduction' by optimally and cooperatively using various adsorption, package and lubricating components, obviously reduces the cohesive force of the soil particles and cutter metal, increases the compressibility of the soil, realizes the rapid and long-term dispersion of the dispersing agent on mudstone and clay geology, and overcomes the defects of slow development of the dispersing performance, short duration and the like of the traditional foaming agent and the dispersing agent;

(2) the pH value of the dispersant provided by the invention is more than 7, and compared with the traditional acid type dispersant, the dispersant can greatly reduce the corrosion effect on shield machine blades, a soil bin and a screw conveyer; the dispersing agent does not contain volatile components, so that the use safety is high;

(3) the dispersing agent provided by the invention can be used together with common foaming agents in the market, additional equipment is not required, and the using dosage (mass dosage) is low and is only about 10% of that of the foaming agent; compared with the traditional dispersing agent, the using amount of the dispersing agent is obviously reduced, and the improvement cost of mudstone and clay geological shield construction muck is saved;

(4) the dispersing agent provided by the invention is injected from the front end of the cutter head in the process of cutting soil bodies by a shield, and the dispersing effect on mudstone and clay can be realized in real time at the front end of the cutter head; aiming at the formation of the mud cake, the method fundamentally realizes early-stage prevention, overcomes the defects of later-stage elimination in the traditional technology, ensures the smoothness of shield construction, avoids the process link of stopping the machine to disperse the cutter disc mud cake, improves the shield construction efficiency, saves the shield construction period, and improves the safety of the whole shield construction process.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not limitative of the scope of the present invention.

The various starting materials used in the following examples and comparative examples, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available products known in the art. Wherein, the foaming agent is purchased from Chengdu Faskk shield science and technology Limited company, model: FASC foam-01.

The invention relates to a mudstone and clay geological shield muck improving dispersant which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of adhesion-reducing dispersing component, 1.5-3.5 parts of penetrating dispersing component, 1.0-2.5 parts of wrapping dispersing component, 0.1-0.5 part of complexing component, 0.1-0.3 part of pH value regulating component, 0.3-0.8 part of stabilizing component, 0.2-0.5 part of fresh-keeping component and 89.9-95.8 parts of water.

Wherein the viscosity-reducing and adsorbing dispersing component is one or a mixture of two of polyacrylic acid sodium salt and polycarboxylic acid sodium salt; the molecular weight of the polyacrylic acid sodium salt is 10000-200000, and the molecular weight of the polycarboxylic acid sodium salt is 100000-300000.

Wherein the osmotic dispersion component is one or a mixture of more of sodium di-sec-octyl maleate sulfonate, sulfated castor oil, sodium alkyl succinate sulfonate and alpha-alkenyl sulfonate.

Wherein, the coating dispersion component is one of anionic polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol; and the molecular weight of the anionic polyacrylamide is 300-500 ten thousand, and the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is not less than 10 ten thousand.

Wherein the complexing component is one of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid tetrasodium, hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonic acid sodium and ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid sodium.

Wherein the pH value regulating and controlling components are NaOH and NaHCO₃One kind of (1).

Wherein the stabilizing component is one of guar gum and xanthan gum.

Wherein the fresh-keeping component is one of sodium benzoate and chitosan; and the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is 70-85%.

To facilitate an understanding of the effect of the various materials of the present invention on the properties of the materials, a comparison of the effects of the 7 examples of the present invention and the 4 comparative examples is provided below, with the formulations for each example and comparative example shown in table 1, wherein: the viscosity-reducing accessory ingredient is sodium polyacrylate with the molecular weight of 10000-200000; the osmotic dispersion component is sodium di-sec-octyl maleate sulfonate; the coating dispersion component is anionic polyacrylamide with the molecular weight of 300-500 ten thousand; the complex component is amino trimethylene phosphonic acid tetrasodium; the pH value regulating component is NaOH; the stabilizing component is guar gum; the fresh-keeping component is chitosan whose deacetylation degree is 70% -85%.

The preparation method is the same (in the comparative example, if the raw materials are not added, the steps are still operated), and the specific steps are as follows:

(1) raising the temperature of water in the stirring kettle to 65 ℃ and continuously keeping the temperature, adding the stable components while stirring, keeping the stirring speed at 150r/min, continuously preserving the heat and stirring for 0.5h, and then stopping stirring and cooling;

(2) weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, cooling the solution obtained in the step (1) to below 35 ℃, adding the adhesion reducing dispersion component, the penetration dispersion component, the wrapping dispersion component, the complexing component and the fresh-keeping component into the solution at one time, and continuously stirring for 1h at the stirring speed of 250 r/min;

(3) and (3) adding the pH value regulating and controlling components in parts by weight into the solution obtained in the step (2), and continuously stirring for 20min at a stirring speed of 120r/min to finally obtain the mudstone and clay geological shield muck improving and dispersing agent required by the target.

TABLE 1 compositions of examples and comparative examples (unit: parts by weight)

The dispersing agents of examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-4 are respectively used together with a traditional foaming agent (FASC foam-01) for improving muck of mudstone and clay geological shield; the results of the performance test of the dispersant in each example and comparative example are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 Performance test results of the dispersants in examples and comparative examples

As can be seen from table 2, in examples 1 to 7, the dispersant (combined with the conventional foaming agent) for improving the muck of the mudstone and clay geological shield obtained by the technical scheme has various performances meeting the basic use requirements of the construction of the mudstone and clay geological shield, and shows excellent rapid and long-acting dispersion effects; while comparative examples 1-4 dispersant (used in combination with conventional foam) and the comparative example "use conventional foam only" are significantly inferior to the present invention in performance; therefore, each raw material of the viscosity-reducing accessory dispersing component, the penetrating dispersing component, the wrapping dispersing component, the complexing component, the pH value regulating component, the stabilizing component and the fresh-keeping component has great influence on the performance of the dispersing agent.

In addition, the viscosity-reducing dispersing component of examples 1 to 7 may be replaced with a sodium salt of a polycarboxylic acid having a molecular weight of 100000 to 300000; the osmotically dispersed component may instead be sulfated castor oil, sodium alkyl succinate sulfonate or sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate; the wrapping dispersion component can be replaced by polyvinyl alcohol with the molecular weight not less than 10 ten thousand; the complexing component can be replaced by sodium hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate or sodium ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonate; the pH value regulating component can be replaced by NaHCO₃(ii) a The stable component can be replaced by xanthan gum; the fresh-keeping component can be replaced by sodium benzoate.

Meanwhile, the stirring speed in the step (1) of the preparation method can be adjusted to be 100r/min or 200 r/min; the stirring speed in the step (2) can be adjusted to 200r/min or 300 r/min; the continuous stirring time and the stirring speed in the step (3) can be respectively adjusted to be 'continuous stirring for 15min or 30 min', and 'the stirring speed is 150r/min or 100 r/min'.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.