阅读说明：本技术 一种钒厂回转窑用分级下料结构及其使用方法 (Grading blanking structure for rotary kiln of vanadium plant and use method of grading blanking structure ) 是由 向明勇 杨雪峰 曾江 陈源 霍振军 汤波 吴恒宇 于 2021-09-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种钒厂回转窑用分级下料结构及其使用方法,包括下料箱、输料机构、分级筛分机构和敲击机构,下料箱的底部对称固定连接有支撑柱,下料箱的底部设置有出料管,支撑柱的内部设置有用于使出料管振动的敲击机构,下料箱的内部设置有用于对物料筛选的分级筛分机构,下料箱的一侧设置有用于输送原料的输料机构,下料箱的内部对称转动连接有驱动杆,两个驱动杆的外侧均固定连接有传动齿轮,两个传动齿轮啮合连接,两个驱动杆的外侧均固定连接有破碎杆,本发明通过设置的破碎机构可以对原料中较大块的原料进行打碎,避免出料管被堵塞,保证了下料的稳定性。(The invention discloses a grading blanking structure for a rotary kiln of a vanadium plant and a use method thereof, which comprises a blanking box and a material conveying mechanism, the automatic material crushing device comprises a grading screening mechanism and a knocking mechanism, wherein the bottom of a blanking box is symmetrically and fixedly connected with a supporting column, a discharging pipe is arranged at the bottom of the blanking box, the knocking mechanism used for vibrating the discharging pipe is arranged inside the supporting column, the grading screening mechanism used for screening materials is arranged inside the blanking box, a material conveying mechanism used for conveying raw materials is arranged on one side of the blanking box, driving rods are symmetrically and rotatably connected inside the blanking box, transmission gears are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the two driving rods and meshed with each other, and crushing rods are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the two driving rods.)

1. The utility model provides a vanadium plant is hierarchical blanking structure for rotary kiln, includes workbin (1), defeated material mechanism (7), hierarchical screening mechanism (8) and strikes mechanism (9), its characterized in that: the bottom symmetry fixedly connected with support column (5) of workbin (1) down, the bottom of workbin (1) is provided with discharging pipe (2), the inside of support column (5) is provided with knocking mechanism (9) that are used for making discharging pipe (2) vibration, the inside of workbin (1) down is provided with hierarchical screening mechanism (8) that are used for screening the material, one side of workbin (1) down is provided with defeated material mechanism (7) that are used for carrying the raw materials, the inside symmetry of workbin (1) down rotates and is connected with actuating lever (12), two the equal fixedly connected with drive gear (13) in the outside of actuating lever (12), two drive gear (13) meshing is connected, two the equal fixedly connected with in the outside of actuating lever (12) breaks pole (11).

2. The grading blanking structure for the rotary kiln of the vanadium plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein: classifying screen divides mechanism (8) including screening board (81), the internally mounted of workbin (1) has screening board (81) No. one, the inside of workbin (1) just is located the below of screening board (81) and installs No. two screening boards (83), be provided with vibrating motor (82) between screening board (81) and No. two screening boards (83).

3. The grading blanking structure for the rotary kiln of the vanadium plant as claimed in claim 2, wherein: defeated material mechanism (7) are including defeated workbin (73), one side fixedly connected with defeated workbin (73) of unloading case (1), the internally mounted of defeated workbin (73) has motor (71), the output fixedly connected with helical blade (74) of motor (71), one side of defeated workbin (73) is provided with material feeding pipe (75), one side of unloading case (1) is provided with connecting pipe (72), the one end and the defeated workbin (73) of connecting pipe (72) are connected.

4. The grading blanking structure for the rotary kiln of the vanadium plant as claimed in claim 3, wherein: knocking mechanism (9) is including fixed case (93), the fixed case (93) of inside fixedly connected with of support column (5), the inside sliding connection of fixed case (93) has drive block (91), one side of drive block (91) and the inside that is located fixed case (93) are provided with spring (92), one side fixedly connected with support (99) of drive block (91), the one end fixedly connected with of support (99) strikes ball (910), the top symmetry fixedly connected with fixed plate (98) of fixed case (93), two rotate through the pivot between fixed plate (98) and be connected with a gear (95), the top fixedly connected with and a gear (95) complex tooth (94) of drive block (91), two rotate between fixed plate (98) and be connected with transmission shaft (97), the outside fixedly connected with and a gear (95) complex incomplete gear (96) of transmission shaft (97).

5. The grading blanking structure for the rotary kiln of the vanadium plant as claimed in claim 4, wherein the grading blanking structure comprises: one end of the transmission shaft (97) extends to the outer side of the fixing plate (98) and is fixedly connected with a driven belt pulley (18), one side of the blanking box (1) is fixedly connected with a supporting box (22), the inside of the supporting box (22) is rotatably connected with a connecting shaft (15), one end of the connecting shaft (15) extends to the outer side of the supporting box (22) and is fixedly connected with a driving belt pulley (19), the driving belt pulley (19) is in transmission connection with the driven belt pulley (18) through a belt, a second motor (17) is arranged in the supporting box (22), the output end of the second motor (17) is connected with one of the driving rods (12), a second bevel gear (16) is fixedly connected with the outer side of the connecting shaft (15), the output end of the second motor (17) is fixedly connected with a first bevel gear (14) matched with a second bevel gear (16).

6. The graded blanking structure for the rotary kiln of the vanadium plant as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that: one side of unloading case (1) and the below that is located discharging pipe (2) are provided with conveyer (10), the inner wall of discharging pipe (2) rotates and is connected with bull stick (3), the solid fixed ring of outside fixedly connected with (21) of bull stick (3), one side fixedly connected with buffering arc board (4) of solid fixed ring (21), the outside cover of bull stick (3) has torsion spring (20), the one end and the bull stick (3) fixed connection of torsion spring (20), the one end and discharging pipe (2) fixed connection of torsion spring (20).

7. The grading blanking structure for the rotary kiln of the vanadium plant as claimed in claim 6, wherein: one side of blanking box (1) is provided with control panel (6), No. one motor (71), No. two motor (17), vibrating motor (82) and conveyer (10) all with control panel (6) electric connection.

8. The use method of the graded blanking structure for the rotary kiln of the vanadium plant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, when the material screening machine is used, raw materials enter the blanking box (1) from the upper part of the blanking box (1), a second motor (17) is started through a control panel (6), the second motor (17) enables a driving rod (12) to rotate, the driving rod (12) enables a transmission gear (13) to rotate, the transmission gear (13) enables another driving rod (12) to transmit through another transmission gear (13), so that a crushing rod (11) rotates to crush the raw materials, the crushed raw materials fall onto a first screening plate (81), a vibration motor (82) is started, and the vibration motor (82) enables the first screening plate (81) and a second screening plate (83) to vibrate to screen the raw materials;

s2, enabling the raw materials which do not meet the requirement to enter a material conveying box (73) through a connecting pipe (72), starting a first motor (71) to enable a helical blade (74) to rotate, conveying the raw materials, enabling the feeding pipe (75) of the raw materials to fall back into a blanking box (1) again, performing secondary crushing, enabling the raw materials which meet the requirement to pass through a discharging pipe (2), and moving the raw materials to a conveyor (10) for conveying;

s3, a first bevel gear (14) is rotated by a second motor (17) while a driving rod (12) is rotated, a second bevel gear (16) is rotated by the first bevel gear (14), a connecting shaft (15) is rotated by the second bevel gear (16), a driving belt pulley (19) is rotated by the connecting shaft (15), a driven belt pulley (18) is rotated by the driving belt pulley (19) through a belt, an incomplete gear (96) is rotated by the driven belt pulley (18) through a transmission shaft (97), a first gear (95) is rotated by the incomplete gear (96), a driving block (91) is moved by the first gear (95) through teeth (94), the knocking ball (910) is moved to the left by the driving block (91), a first spring (92) is compressed, and when the incomplete gear (96) is not meshed with the first gear (95), the first spring (92) is flicked to move the driving block (91) to the right, the driving block (91) enables the knocking ball (910) to move to knock the discharging pipe (2), so that materials are prevented from being accumulated in the discharging pipe (2).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rotary kilns, in particular to a grading blanking structure for a rotary kiln of a vanadium plant and a using method thereof.

Background

The rotary kiln is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, building refractory material, environmental sanitation and other industries, and consists of a cylinder, a supporting device with a retaining wheel, a transmission device, a movable kiln head, a kiln tail sealing device, a coal injection pipe device and other parts, wherein the kiln body of the rotary kiln is inclined to the horizontal, the whole kiln body is supported by a supporting wheel device, the kiln head and the kiln tail sealing device adopt advanced technology to ensure the sealing reliability, the prior rotary kiln blanking structure can not break larger raw materials when in use to influence the blanking stability, and the raw materials can be attached to the inner wall of the discharge pipe, and the discharge pipe can be blocked after the operation for a period of time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a grading blanking structure for a rotary kiln of a vanadium plant and a using method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a vanadium plant rotary kiln is with hierarchical blanking structure, includes the workbin, defeated material mechanism, hierarchical screening mechanism and knocking mechanism, the bottom symmetry fixedly connected with support column of workbin, the bottom of workbin is provided with the discharging pipe, the inside of support column is provided with the knocking mechanism who is used for making the discharging pipe vibration, the inside of workbin is provided with the hierarchical screening mechanism who is used for screening the material, one side of workbin is provided with the defeated material mechanism who is used for carrying the raw materials, the inside symmetry of workbin is rotated and is connected with the actuating lever, two the equal fixedly connected with drive gear in the outside of actuating lever, two the drive gear meshing is connected, two the equal fixedly connected with in the outside of actuating lever breaks the pole.

As a preferable scheme of the invention, the grading and screening mechanism comprises a first screening plate, the first screening plate is arranged in the blanking box, a second screening plate is arranged in the blanking box and below the first screening plate, and a vibration motor is arranged between the first screening plate and the second screening plate.

According to a preferable scheme of the invention, the material conveying mechanism comprises a material conveying box, one side of the material discharging box is fixedly connected with the material conveying box, a first motor is installed inside the material conveying box, the output end of the first motor is fixedly connected with a helical blade, one side of the material conveying box is provided with a material feeding pipe, one side of the material discharging box is provided with a connecting pipe, and one end of the connecting pipe is connected with the material conveying box.

According to a preferable scheme of the invention, the knocking mechanism comprises a fixed box, the fixed box is fixedly connected inside the supporting column, a driving block is slidably connected inside the fixed box, a first spring is arranged on one side of the driving block and inside the fixed box, a support is fixedly connected on one side of the driving block, a knocking ball is fixedly connected to one end of the support, fixed plates are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the top of the fixed box, a first gear is rotatably connected between the two fixed plates through a rotating shaft, teeth matched with the first gear are fixedly connected to the top of the driving block, a transmission shaft is rotatably connected between the two fixed plates, and an incomplete gear matched with the first gear is fixedly connected to the outer side of the transmission shaft.

As a preferred scheme of the invention, one end of the transmission shaft and the outer side of the fixed plate are fixedly connected with a driven belt pulley, one side of the blanking box is fixedly connected with a support box, the inside of the support box is rotatably connected with a connection shaft, one end of the connection shaft and the outer side of the support box are fixedly connected with a driving belt pulley, the driving belt pulley is in transmission connection with the driven belt pulley through a belt, a second motor is installed inside the support box, the output end of the second motor is connected with one of the driving rods, the outer side of the connection shaft is fixedly connected with a second bevel gear, and the output end of the second motor is fixedly connected with a first bevel gear matched with the second bevel gear.

As a preferable scheme of the invention, a conveyor is arranged on one side of the blanking box and below the discharge pipe, the inner wall of the discharge pipe is rotatably connected with a rotating rod, the outer side of the rotating rod is fixedly connected with a fixing ring, one side of the fixing ring is fixedly connected with a buffer arc plate, the outer side of the rotating rod is sleeved with a torsion spring, one end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected with the rotating rod, and one end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected with the discharge pipe.

As a preferable scheme of the invention, one side of the blanking box is provided with a control panel, and the first motor, the second motor, the vibration motor and the conveyor are all electrically connected with the control panel.

A use method of a grading blanking structure for a rotary kiln of a vanadium plant comprises the following steps:

s1, when the material screening machine is used, raw materials enter the blanking box from the upper part of the blanking box, a second motor is started through a control panel, the second motor enables a driving rod to rotate, the driving rod enables a transmission gear to rotate, the transmission gear enables another driving rod to transmit through another transmission gear, so that a crushing rod rotates to crush the raw materials, the crushed raw materials fall onto a first screening plate, a vibration motor is started, and the vibration motor enables the first screening plate and the second screening plate to vibrate to screen the raw materials;

s2, enabling the raw materials which do not meet the requirement to enter a material conveying box through a connecting pipe, starting a first motor to enable a helical blade to rotate, conveying the raw materials, enabling the raw materials to fall back to a material feeding pipe again, performing secondary crushing, moving the raw materials meeting the requirement to a conveyor to be conveyed after passing through a material discharging pipe;

s3, the driving rod is rotated by the second motor, the first bevel gear is rotated by the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear rotates the connecting shaft, the driving belt wheel is rotated by the connecting shaft, the driven belt wheel is rotated by the driving belt wheel through the belt, the incomplete gear is rotated by the driven belt wheel through the transmission shaft, the first gear is rotated by the incomplete gear, the driving block is moved by the first gear through the teeth, the knocking ball net is moved by the driving block, the first spring is compressed, when the incomplete gear is not meshed with the first gear, the first spring is flicked, the driving block is moved to the right, the knocking ball is moved by the driving block, the discharging pipe is knocked, and materials are prevented from being accumulated in the discharging pipe.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the crushing mechanism can crush larger raw materials in the raw materials, prevents the discharging pipe from being blocked, ensures the stability of discharging, can screen the raw materials by the arranged material conveying mechanism and the grading screening mechanism, conveys the raw materials which do not meet the requirements, and performs secondary crushing, can knock the discharging pipe by the arranged knocking mechanism, prevents the raw materials from being attached to the inner wall of the discharging pipe, can buffer the raw materials by the arranged structures such as the buffering arc plate, the rotating rod, the torsion spring and the like, prevents the raw materials from causing huge impact on the conveyor, and plays a role in protecting the conveyor.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view taken at A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view taken at B of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of a partial gear of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a top view of a turn bar of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a blanking box; 2. a discharge pipe; 3. a rotating rod; 4. a buffer arc plate; 5. a support pillar; 6. a control panel; 7. a material conveying mechanism; 71. a first motor; 72. a connecting pipe; 73. a material conveying box; 74. a helical blade; 75. a feeding pipe; 8. a grading and screening mechanism; 81. a first screening plate; 82. a vibration motor; 83. a second screening plate; 9. a knocking mechanism; 91. a drive block; 92. a first spring; 93. a fixed box; 94. teeth; 95. a first gear; 96. an incomplete gear; 97. a drive shaft; 98. a fixing plate; 99. a support; 910. knocking and hitting the ball; 10. a conveyor; 11. a breaking bar; 12. a drive rod; 13. a transmission gear; 14. a first bevel gear; 15. a connecting shaft; 16. a second bevel gear; 17. a second motor; 18. a driven pulley; 19. a drive pulley; 20. a torsion spring; 21. a fixing ring; 22. a support box.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: a grading blanking structure for a rotary kiln of a vanadium plant comprises a blanking box 1, a material conveying mechanism 7, a grading screening mechanism 8 and a knocking mechanism 9, wherein the bottom of the blanking box 1 is symmetrically and fixedly connected with supporting columns 5, the bottom of the blanking box 1 is provided with a discharging pipe 2, the inside of each supporting column 5 is provided with the knocking mechanism 9 for vibrating the discharging pipe 2, the inside of the blanking box 1 is provided with the grading screening mechanism 8 for screening materials, one side of the blanking box 1 is provided with the material conveying mechanism 7 for conveying raw materials, the inside of the blanking box 1 is symmetrically and rotatably connected with driving rods 12, the outer sides of the two driving rods 12 are fixedly connected with transmission gears 13, the two transmission gears 13 are meshed and connected, the two transmission gears 13 can rotate the two driving rods 12, the rotating directions of the two driving rods 12 are opposite, so that the crushing rods 11 can crush the raw materials, the outer sides of the two driving rods 12 are fixedly connected with the crushing rods 11, the crushing rod 11 can crush massive raw materials in the raw materials, and the discharge pipe 2 is prevented from being blocked.

Classifying screen divides mechanism 8 to include a screening board 81, and the internally mounted of workbin 1 has a screening board 81 No. one, and the inside of workbin 1 and the below that is located a screening board 81 are installed No. two and are sieved board 83, are provided with vibrating motor 82 between a screening board 81 and No. two screening boards 83, and vibrating motor 82 can be used for making a screening board 81 and No. two screening boards 83 vibration, avoids the raw materials to pile up in a screening board 81 and No. two screening boards 83 tops.

Defeated material mechanism 7 is including defeated feed box 73, one side fixedly connected with defeated feed box 73 of unloading case 1, the internally mounted of defeated feed box 73 has a motor 71, the output fixedly connected with helical blade 74 of a motor 71, helical blade 74 can carry the raw materials that do not conform to the requirement, the raw materials of being convenient for carry out the secondary crushing, one side of defeated feed box 73 is provided with throws material pipe 75, one side of unloading case 1 is provided with connecting pipe 72, the one end and the defeated feed box 73 of connecting pipe 72 are connected.

Knocking mechanism 9 includes fixed case 93, the fixed case 93 of inside fixedly connected with of support column 5, the inside sliding connection of fixed case 93 has drive block 91, one side of drive block 91 and the inside that is located fixed case 93 are provided with spring 92 No. one, spring 92 can be used for promoting drive block 91, make and strike ball 910 and strike discharging pipe 2, one side fixedly connected with support 99 of drive block 91, the one end fixedly connected with of support 99 is struck and is hit ball 910 and can be used for striking discharging pipe 2, avoid the raw materials to pile up in discharging pipe 2, the top symmetry fixedly connected with fixed plate 98 of fixed case 93, rotate through the pivot between two fixed plates 98 and be connected with a gear 95, the top fixedly connected with of drive block 91 and a gear 95 complex tooth 94, it is connected with transmission shaft 97 to rotate between two fixed plates 98, the outside fixedly connected with of transmission shaft 97 and a gear 95 complex incomplete gear 96.

One end of the transmission shaft 97 and the outer side extending to the fixing plate 98 are fixedly connected with a driven pulley 18, one side of the blanking box 1 is fixedly connected with a supporting box 22, the supporting box 22 can provide a supporting function for the connecting shaft 15 and the second motor 17, the inside of the supporting box 22 is rotatably connected with the connecting shaft 15, one end of the connecting shaft 15 and the outer side extending to the supporting box 22 are fixedly connected with a driving pulley 19, the driving pulley 19 is in transmission connection with the driven pulley 18 through a belt, the second motor 17 is installed inside the supporting box 22, the output end of the second motor 17 is connected with one of the driving rods 12, the outer side of the connecting shaft 15 is fixedly connected with the second bevel gear 16, the output end of the second motor 17 is fixedly connected with the first bevel gear 14 matched with the second bevel gear 16, and the driving rod 12 and the transmission shaft 97 can simultaneously rotate through the structures such as the driving pulley 19, the driven pulley 18, the second bevel gear 16 and the first bevel gear 14, thereby the double operation of crushing and knocking can be carried out by only one power, and the use cost is reduced.

One side of unloading case 1 and the below that is located discharging pipe 2 are provided with conveyer 10, the inner wall of discharging pipe 2 rotates and is connected with bull stick 3, the solid fixed ring 21 of outside fixedly connected with of bull stick 3, one side fixedly connected with buffering arc board 4 of solid fixed ring 21, buffering arc board 4 can cushion the raw materials, avoid the raw materials to cause huge impact to conveyer 10, play the guard action to conveyer 10, the outside cover of bull stick 3 has torque spring 20, torque spring 20 can make buffering arc board 4 automatic re-setting, torque spring 20's one end and 3 fixed connection of bull stick, torque spring 20's one end and discharging pipe 2 fixed connection.

One side of blanking box 1 is provided with control panel 6, and control panel 6 can be used for controlling each equipment, makes things convenient for people to control, and a motor 71, No. two motor 17, vibrating motor 82 and conveyer 10 all with control panel 6 electric connection.

A use method of a grading blanking structure for a rotary kiln of a vanadium plant comprises the following steps:

s1, when the material screening machine is used, raw materials enter the blanking box 1 from the upper side of the blanking box 1, the second motor 17 is started through the control panel 6, the second motor 17 enables the driving rod 12 to rotate, the driving rod 12 enables the transmission gear 13 to rotate, the transmission gear 13 enables the other driving rod 12 to transmit through the other transmission gear 13, so that the crushing rod 11 rotates to crush the raw materials, the crushed raw materials fall on the first screening plate 81, the vibration motor 82 is started, and the vibration motor 82 enables the first screening plate 81 and the second screening plate 83 to vibrate to screen the raw materials;

s2, enabling the raw materials which do not meet the requirement to enter a material conveying box 73 through a connecting pipe 72, starting a first motor 71 to enable a helical blade 74 to rotate, conveying the raw materials, enabling the raw materials to fall back to a blanking box 1 again at a feeding pipe 75, performing secondary crushing, enabling the raw materials which meet the requirement to move to a conveyor 10 to be conveyed after passing through a discharging pipe 2;

s3, a first bevel gear 14 is rotated by a second motor 17 while a driving rod 12 is rotated, a second bevel gear 16 is rotated by the first bevel gear 14, a connecting shaft 15 is rotated by the second bevel gear 16, a driving pulley 19 is rotated by the connecting shaft 15, the driven pulley 18 is rotated by the driving pulley 19 through a belt, an incomplete gear 96 is rotated by the driven pulley 18 through a transmission shaft 97, the first gear 95 rotates a first gear 95, the first gear 95 moves a driving block 91 through teeth 94, the driving block 91 moves a knocking ball 910 to the left and compresses a first spring 92, when the incomplete gear 96 is not meshed with the first gear 95, the first spring 92 is flicked to move the driving block 91 to the right, the driving block 91 moves the knocking ball 910 to knock a discharge pipe 2, and material accumulation in the discharge pipe 2 is avoided.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "other end", "upper", "one side", "top", "inner", "front", "center", "both ends", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, whereby the features defined as "first", "second", "third", "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," "secured," "screwed" and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and may be communication between two elements or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited, and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.