Multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating
阅读说明：本技术 一种基于时间门控的多通道光纤应变解调方案 (Multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating ) 是由 张羽 陈济铭 金威 张毅博 刘帅 张亚勋 刘志海 杨军 苑立波 于 2021-09-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种基于时间门控的多通道光纤应变解调方案。包括：窄线宽光源模块、温度参考FBG-FP模块、应变传感FBG-FP阵列模块、光源反馈稳频模块以及边带调制反馈稳频模块,边带调制反馈稳频模块核心为时间门控的多通道反馈控制算法。将窄线宽光源反馈锁定至温度参考FBG-FP上；利用单边带调制器生成边带光信号,由压控振荡器提供边带调制的射频信号,对压控振荡器的时间门控来遍历每个应变传感FBG-FP通道；在时间门控的多通道反馈控制算法中,每个通道会分配控制周期,在该控制周期内需完成PDH误差信号的处理与锁定,实现多通道应变信号的高精度、高分辨率实时测量,更为高速、低噪声以及低成本。(The invention provides a multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating. The method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a narrow-line-width light source module, a temperature reference FBG-FP module, a strain sensing FBG-FP array module, a light source feedback frequency stabilization module and a sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module, wherein the core of the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module is a time-gated multi-channel feedback control algorithm. Locking the narrow-linewidth light source feedback to the temperature reference FBG-FP; generating sideband optical signals by using a single sideband modulator, providing sideband modulated radio frequency signals by using a voltage-controlled oscillator, and traversing each strain sensing FBG-FP channel by time gating of the voltage-controlled oscillator; in a time-gated multi-channel feedback control algorithm, each channel is allocated with a control period, and PDH error signals need to be processed and locked in the control period, so that high-precision and high-resolution real-time measurement of multi-channel strain signals is realized, and the method is higher in speed, lower in noise and lower in cost.)
1. A multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating comprises a narrow-linewidth light source module, a temperature reference FBG-FP module, a strain sensing FBG-FP array module, a light source feedback frequency stabilization module and a sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module, wherein the core of the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module is a multichannel feedback control algorithm of the time gating;
the narrow linewidth light source module comprises a narrow linewidth tunable laser (101), a straight waveguide modulator (102), a 99:1 optical fiber coupler (103) and a single side band modulator (104);
the temperature reference FBG-FP module comprises a fiber circulator (201) and a temperature reference FBG-FP (Fabry-Perot interferometer based on fiber Bragg grating) (202);
the strain sensing FBG-FP array module comprises an N-in-one coupler (301), strain sensing FBG-FP paths (302, 303, 304 and 305);
the light source feedback frequency stabilization module comprises a single PIN photoelectric detector (401), a phase-locked amplification module 1(402) and an acquisition feedback control module 1 (403);
the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module comprises a signal generator (501), a voltage-controlled oscillator (502), a multi-channel photoelectric detector (503), a multi-channel electric switch (504), a phase-locking amplification module, an acquisition feedback control module, a collection feedback control module, a host computer (507);
the narrow linewidth laser (101) outputs to a straight waveguide modulator (102) for phase modulation, a modulation signal is provided by a signal generator (501), then the modulation signal is split by a 1:99 optical fiber coupler (103), wherein a 1 port is incident to a temperature reference FBG-FP module, a 99 port is incident to a single-sideband modulator (104) for single-sideband modulation to obtain a single-side optical signal to be detected, and then the single-side optical signal is incident to a strain sensing FBG-FP array module; an optical signal incident into the temperature sensing FBG-FP module is incident from a port 1 of the optical fiber circulator (201), is emitted into the temperature reference FBG-FP (202) through a port 2, and a reflected optical signal is incident from a port 2 of the optical fiber circulator (201) and is emitted into the light source feedback frequency stabilization module through a port 3; an optical signal incident into the light source feedback frequency stabilization module is converted into an electric signal by a single PIN photoelectric detector (401), a PDH error signal is demodulated by a phase-locked amplification module 1(402), and the PDH error signal is processed and feedback-controlled by an acquisition feedback control module 1(403) to a narrow linewidth laser (101); the optical signal incident to the strain sensing FBG-FP array module is subjected to uniform energy division through an N-division coupler (301), is incident to corresponding strain sensing FBG-FP paths (302, 303, 304 and 305), and then is incident to a sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module through the optical signal reflected by each path; the optical signals incident to the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module are converted into electric signals by a multichannel photoelectric detector (503) and then transmitted into a multichannel electric switch (504), the multichannel electric switch (504) is controlled by an acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to keep single-channel output in each channel period, PDH error signals of the channel are demodulated by a phase-locked amplification module 2(505), and the PDH error signals are processed by the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) and are subjected to feedback control on a voltage-controlled oscillator (502); the upper computer (507) interacts with the acquisition feedback control module 1(403) and the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to complete the functions of parameter setting, signal transmission, algorithm compiling and the like;
the core of the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module is a time-gated multi-channel feedback control algorithm, and in a multi-channel feedback control cycle (601), single-channel phase-locked amplification IQ signal acquisition (602), IQ signal regularization (603), PDH error signal zero point identification (604), PDH error signal linear region slope estimation (605), single-channel PID parameter calculation (606), single-channel feedback locking (607) and single-channel strain sensing signal output (608) are required to be completed in sequence in a single channel period;
the center wavelength of the narrow linewidth laser (101) is within the high reflection wavelength region of the temperature reference FBG-FP (202);
the narrow linewidth laser (101) has an external voltage tunable function;
the straight waveguide modulator (102) has the function of phase modulation of optical signals and can be replaced by other devices with the function of phase modulation of the optical signals;
the 99:1 fiber coupler (103) functions as an optical energy distribution and can be replaced by a higher proportion of fiber couplers;
the single sideband modulator (104) functions to generate a single sideband optical signal whose modulated radio frequency source is provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (502);
the one-to-N coupler (301) has the function of light energy uniform division, and the number of channels is selected according to incident light energy and the loss condition of a rear-end optical fiber device;
the strain sensing FBG-FP pathway (302, 303, 304, 305) is a combination of a fiber optic circulator and a sensing FBG-FP probe;
the high reflection wavelength region of the strain sensing FBG-FP passage (302, 303, 304, 305) is adjusted to be near the central wavelength of the narrow-linewidth laser (101) in a prestress loading mode;
the number of channels of the multi-channel photoelectric detector (503) is more than or equal to the number of strain sensing channels;
the bandwidth of the multi-channel photoelectric detector (503) is higher than the frequency of the modulation signal provided by the signal generator (501);
the bandwidth of the multi-channel electrical switch (504) is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the multi-channel photodetector (503);
the multi-channel electric switch (504) is controlled by an acquisition feedback control module, 2(506) to ensure that the output is a corresponding channel in a channel period;
the phase-locked amplification module 1(403) and the phase-locked amplification module 2(505) have an orthogonal demodulation function, perform orthogonal demodulation after receiving signal input and local oscillator input, and output two paths of signals which are orthogonal to each other, namely an I path signal and a Q path signal;
the acquisition feedback control module 1(403) and the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) are writing functional modules in the FPGA, and are used for respectively acquiring, processing and controlling signals of a temperature reference channel and a strain sensing channel;
the time-gated multi-channel feedback control algorithm is a functional module in the acquisition feedback control module 2 (506);
the upper computer (507) interacts with the FPGA to enable the acquisition feedback control module 1(403) and the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to complete the functions of parameter setting, signal transmission, algorithm compiling and the like;
the multi-channel feedback control cycle (601) is N cycle periods, and all events of the current channel need to be completed in each cycle period;
the single-channel phase-locked amplifying IQ signal acquisition (602) is an acquisition feedback control module in the current channel period, 2(506) an acquisition phase-locked amplifying module, 2(505) a demodulated IQ signal output;
the IQ signal regularization (603) is to collect a feedback control module in the current channel period, 2(506) the collected IQ signal needs to be subjected to phase compensation, so that the slope of a linear region of a PDH error signal is maximum;
the PDH error signal zero point identification (604) is to obtain a regularized PDH error signal in a current channel period, and then the zero point position of the regularized PDH error signal needs to be judged so as to obtain the position of a feedback locking central point;
estimating the slope of a linear region by the PDH error signal linear region slope estimation (605) so as to adjust the PID parameter of the current channel, namely calculating the single-channel PID parameter (606);
the single-channel feedback locking (607) is used for completing the feedback locking of the current channel after acquiring the position information of a feedback locking central point and setting PID parameters, namely controlling a voltage-controlled oscillator (502) to enable the sideband optical signal of the current channel to be frequency stabilized and on the current strain sensing FBG-FP;
the single-channel strain sensing signal output (608) is the control output of an acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to a voltage controlled oscillator (502), and the signal is also the output of the strain sensing signal;
the multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on the time gating is characterized in that a narrow-linewidth light source is fed back and locked to a temperature reference FBG-FP to realize frequency stabilization of output laser; generating sideband optical signals by using a single sideband modulator, providing sideband modulated radio frequency signals by using a voltage-controlled oscillator, traversing each strain sensing FBG-FP channel by time gating of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and realizing feedback frequency stabilization of a corresponding channel, namely monitoring the strain sensing signals; in a time-gated multi-channel feedback control algorithm, each channel is assigned a control period within which processing and locking of a PDH error signal is to be completed.
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating.
Background art:
in recent years, a high-precision fiber bragg grating sensing scheme based on a PDH demodulation technology is widely developed (Liuqing, He Zhao Yuan, Zhao Shuangxiang, high-precision fiber bragg grating strain measurement system [ P ]. Shanghai city: CN209432150U, 2019-09-24; Yanjun, Zhang Bo, Tianfei, Cheng, Zhuhai, Yu Yong Gui, Li Han Yang, Yu Lian standing wave.
The current multiplexing technology of the high-precision fiber bragg grating mainly comprises code division multiplexing and time division multiplexing, wherein a multiplexing scheme based on a pseudo-random code technology (Yangjun, Zhang Yibo, Tianshuaifei, Zhouchen, sea wave, Wayuan brave and precious, Li Hanyang and Yuyuan standing wave. A PDH multi-sensor strain measuring device [ P ] using the pseudo-random code multiplexing, Heilongjiang province: CN109883348B,2021-01-12.) expands the number of sensors, but the cost of electrical equipment brought by the pseudo-random code can not be ignored; phase modulation, intensity modulation and acousto-optic modulation are introduced into a sensing scheme (He Zu Yuan, Liu Qing, Xin, Chen Jia Pi, sub-Na strain level multipoint multiplexing fiber grating quasi-static strain sensing system [ P ]. Shanghai: CN205192442U,2016-04-27.) based on time division multiplexing, optical pulses are used as a time sequence reference, the multilevel modulation brings large loss of optical energy, and the increase of a modulation device and a modulation source also brings cost increase; therefore, it is necessary to develop a low-cost, high-performance multi-channel high-precision fiber grating sensor.
The invention content is as follows:
a multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating comprises a narrow-linewidth light source module, a temperature reference FBG-FP module, a strain sensing FBG-FP array module, a light source feedback frequency stabilization module and a sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module, wherein the core of the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module is a multichannel feedback control algorithm of the time gating;
the narrow linewidth light source module comprises a narrow linewidth tunable laser (101), a straight waveguide modulator (102), a 99:1 optical fiber coupler (103) and a single side band modulator (104);
the temperature reference FBG-FP module comprises a fiber circulator (201) and a temperature reference FBG-FP (Fabry-Perot interferometer based on fiber Bragg grating) (202);
the strain sensing FBG-FP array module comprises an N-in-one coupler (301), strain sensing FBG-FP paths (302, 303, 304 and 305);
the light source feedback frequency stabilization module comprises a single PIN photoelectric detector (401), a phase-locked amplification module 1(402) and an acquisition feedback control module 1 (403);
the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module comprises a signal generator (501), a voltage-controlled oscillator (502), a multi-channel photoelectric detector (503), a multi-channel electric switch (504), a phase-locking amplification module, an acquisition feedback control module, a collection feedback control module, a host computer (507);
the narrow linewidth laser (101) outputs to a straight waveguide modulator (102) for phase modulation, a modulation signal is provided by a signal generator (501), then the modulation signal is split by a 1:99 optical fiber coupler (103), wherein a 1 port is incident to a temperature reference FBG-FP module, a 99 port is incident to a single-sideband modulator (104) for single-sideband modulation to obtain a single-side optical signal to be detected, and then the single-side optical signal is incident to a strain sensing FBG-FP array module; an optical signal incident into the temperature sensing FBG-FP module is incident from a port 1 of the optical fiber circulator (201), is emitted into the temperature reference FBG-FP (202) through a port 2, and a reflected optical signal is incident from a port 2 of the optical fiber circulator (201) and is emitted into the light source feedback frequency stabilization module through a port 3; an optical signal incident into the light source feedback frequency stabilization module is converted into an electric signal by a single PIN photoelectric detector (401), a PDH error signal is demodulated by a phase-locked amplification module 1(402), and the PDH error signal is processed and feedback-controlled by an acquisition feedback control module 1(403) to a narrow linewidth laser (101); the optical signal incident to the strain sensing FBG-FP array module is subjected to uniform energy division through an N-division coupler (301), is incident to corresponding strain sensing FBG-FP paths (302, 303, 304 and 305), and then is incident to a sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module through the optical signal reflected by each path; the optical signals incident to the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module are converted into electric signals by a multichannel photoelectric detector (503) and then transmitted into a multichannel electric switch (504), the multichannel electric switch (504) is controlled by an acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to keep single-channel output in each channel period, PDH error signals of the channel are demodulated by a phase-locked amplification module 2(505), and the PDH error signals are processed by the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) and are subjected to feedback control on a voltage-controlled oscillator (502); the upper computer (507) interacts with the acquisition feedback control module 1(403) and the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to complete the functions of parameter setting, signal transmission, algorithm compiling and the like;
the core of the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module is a time-gated multi-channel feedback control algorithm, and in a multi-channel feedback control cycle (601), single-channel phase-locked amplification IQ signal acquisition (602), IQ signal regularization (603), PDH error signal zero point identification (604), PDH error signal linear region slope estimation (605), single-channel PID parameter calculation (606), single-channel feedback locking (607) and single-channel strain sensing signal output (608) are required to be completed in sequence in a single channel period;
the center wavelength of the narrow linewidth laser (101) is within the high reflection wavelength region of the temperature reference FBG-FP (202);
the narrow linewidth laser (101) has an external voltage tunable function;
the straight waveguide modulator (102) has the function of phase modulation of optical signals and can be replaced by other devices with the function of phase modulation of the optical signals;
the 99:1 fiber coupler (103) functions as an optical energy distribution and can be replaced by a higher proportion of fiber couplers;
the single sideband modulator (104) functions to generate a single sideband optical signal whose modulated radio frequency source is provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (502);
the one-to-N coupler (301) has the function of light energy uniform division, and the number of channels is selected according to incident light energy and the loss condition of a rear-end optical fiber device;
the strain sensing FBG-FP pathway (302, 303, 304, 305) is a combination of a fiber optic circulator and a sensing FBG-FP probe;
the high reflection wavelength region of the strain sensing FBG-FP passage (302, 303, 304, 305) is adjusted to be near the central wavelength of the narrow-linewidth laser (101) in a prestress loading mode;
the number of channels of the multi-channel photoelectric detector (503) is more than or equal to the number of strain sensing channels;
the bandwidth of the multi-channel photoelectric detector (503) is higher than the frequency of the modulation signal provided by the signal generator (501);
the bandwidth of the multi-channel electrical switch (504) is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the multi-channel photodetector (503);
the multi-channel electric switch (504) is controlled by an acquisition feedback control module, 2(506) to ensure that the output is a corresponding channel in a channel period;
the phase-locked amplification module 1(403) and the phase-locked amplification module 2(505) have an orthogonal demodulation function, perform orthogonal demodulation after receiving signal input and local oscillator input, and output two paths of signals which are orthogonal to each other, namely an I path signal and a Q path signal;
the acquisition feedback control module 1(403) and the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) are writing functional modules in the FPGA, and are used for respectively acquiring, processing and controlling signals of a temperature reference channel and a strain sensing channel;
the time-gated multi-channel feedback control algorithm is a functional module in the acquisition feedback control module 2 (506);
the upper computer (507) interacts with the FPGA to enable the acquisition feedback control module 1(403) and the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to complete the functions of parameter setting, signal transmission, algorithm compiling and the like;
the multi-channel feedback control cycle (601) is N cycle periods, and all events of the current channel need to be completed in each cycle period;
the single-channel phase-locked amplifying IQ signal acquisition (602) is an acquisition feedback control module in the current channel period, 2(506) an acquisition phase-locked amplifying module, 2(505) a demodulated IQ signal output;
the IQ signal regularization (603) is to collect a feedback control module in the current channel period, 2(506) the collected IQ signal needs to be subjected to phase compensation, so that the slope of a linear region of a PDH error signal is maximum;
the PDH error signal zero point identification (604) is to obtain a regularized PDH error signal in a current channel period, and then the zero point position of the regularized PDH error signal needs to be judged so as to obtain the position of a feedback locking central point;
estimating the slope of a linear region by the PDH error signal linear region slope estimation (605) so as to adjust the PID parameter of the current channel, namely calculating the single-channel PID parameter (606);
the single-channel feedback locking (607) is used for completing the feedback locking of the current channel after acquiring the position information of a feedback locking central point and setting PID parameters, namely controlling a voltage-controlled oscillator (502) to enable the sideband optical signal of the current channel to be frequency stabilized and on the current strain sensing FBG-FP;
the single-channel strain sensing signal output (608) is the control output of an acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to a voltage controlled oscillator (502), and the signal is also the output of the strain sensing signal;
the multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on the time gating is characterized in that a narrow-linewidth light source is fed back and locked to a temperature reference FBG-FP to realize frequency stabilization of output laser; generating sideband optical signals by using a single sideband modulator, providing sideband modulated radio frequency signals by using a voltage-controlled oscillator, traversing each strain sensing FBG-FP channel by time gating of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and realizing feedback frequency stabilization of a corresponding channel, namely monitoring the strain sensing signals; in a time-gated multi-channel feedback control algorithm, each channel is assigned a control period within which processing and locking of a PDH error signal is to be completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating, which makes full use of a PDH demodulation technology, a space division multiplexing technology, an electric switch control technology, a time gating algorithm and the like, and realizes multichannel, high-precision and high-resolution real-time strain sensing with lower device cost. Compared with the prior code division multiplexing and time division multiplexing schemes, the multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating has low device cost, and greatly promotes the sensing application of high-precision optical fiber gratings.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a diagram of a multi-channel fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of IQ signal regularization in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is the seismic wave sensing data of the external field experiment based on the time-gated multi-channel fiber strain demodulation scheme of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
for more clear explanation, the invention is a multichannel fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating. The present invention will be described in detail below, and the present invention is carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed embodiment and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes: the system comprises a narrow-linewidth light source module, a temperature reference FBG-FP module, a strain sensing FBG-FP array module, a light source feedback frequency stabilization module and a sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module, wherein the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module core is a time-gated multi-channel feedback control algorithm.
The narrow-linewidth light source module comprises a narrow-linewidth tunable laser (101), a straight waveguide modulator (102), a 99:1 optical fiber coupler (103) and a single-sideband modulator (104); the temperature reference FBG-FP module comprises a fiber circulator (201) and a temperature reference FBG-FP (Fabry-Perot interferometer based on fiber Bragg grating) (202); the strain sensing FBG-FP array module comprises an N-in-one coupler (301), strain sensing FBG-FP paths (302, 303, 304, 305); the light source feedback frequency stabilization module comprises a single PIN photoelectric detector (401), a phase-locked amplification module 1(402) and an acquisition feedback control module 1 (403); the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module comprises a signal generator (501), a voltage-controlled oscillator (502), a multi-channel photoelectric detector (503), a multi-channel electric switch (504), a phase-locking amplification module, a collection feedback control module, a host computer (507).
In the scheme, a narrow linewidth laser (101) outputs to a straight waveguide modulator (102) for phase modulation, a modulation signal is provided by a signal generator (501), then the modulation signal is split by a 1:99 optical fiber coupler (103), wherein a 1 port is incident to a temperature reference FBG-FP module, a 99 port is incident to a single sideband modulator (104) for single sideband modulation to obtain a single-side optical signal, and then the single-side optical signal is incident to a strain sensing FBG-FP array module; an optical signal incident into the temperature sensing FBG-FP module is incident from a port 1 of the optical fiber circulator (201), is emitted into the temperature reference FBG-FP (202) through a port 2, and a reflected optical signal is incident from a port 2 of the optical fiber circulator (201) and is emitted into the light source feedback frequency stabilization module through a port 3; an optical signal incident into the light source feedback frequency stabilization module is converted into an electric signal by a single PIN photoelectric detector (401), a PDH error signal is demodulated by a phase-locked amplification module 1(402), and the PDH error signal is processed and feedback-controlled by an acquisition feedback control module 1(403) to a narrow linewidth laser (101); the optical signal incident to the strain sensing FBG-FP array module is subjected to uniform energy division through an N-division coupler (301), is incident to corresponding strain sensing FBG-FP paths (302, 303, 304 and 305), and then is incident to a sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module through the optical signal reflected by each path; the optical signals incident to the sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module are converted into electric signals by a multichannel photoelectric detector (503) and then transmitted into a multichannel electric switch (504), the multichannel electric switch (504) is controlled by an acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to keep single-channel output in each channel period, PDH error signals of the channel are demodulated by a phase-locked amplification module 2(505), and the PDH error signals are processed by the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) and are subjected to feedback control on a voltage-controlled oscillator (502); the upper computer (507) interacts with the acquisition feedback control module 1(403) and the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to complete the functions of parameter setting, signal transmission, algorithm compiling and the like;
in a sideband modulation feedback frequency stabilization module, a core is a time-gated multi-channel feedback control algorithm, and in a multi-channel feedback control cycle (601), single-channel phase-locked amplification IQ signal acquisition (602), IQ signal regularization (603), PDH error signal zero point identification (604), PDH error signal linear region slope estimation (605), single-channel PID parameter calculation (606), single-channel feedback locking (607) and single-channel strain sensing signal output (608) are required to be completed in sequence in a single channel period;
the central wavelength of the ground narrow-linewidth laser (101) in the scheme is in a high-reflection wavelength region of the temperature reference FBG-FP (202), and the ground narrow-linewidth laser has an external voltage tunable function; the straight waveguide modulator (102) has the function of phase modulation of optical signals and can be replaced by other devices with the function of phase modulation of the optical signals; the 99:1 fiber coupler (103) functions as an optical energy distribution that can be replaced by a higher proportion of fiber couplers; the single sideband modulator (104) functions to generate a single sideband optical signal whose modulated radio frequency source is provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (502).
In the scheme, the one-to-N coupler (301) has the function of light energy uniform division, and the number of channels is selected according to incident light energy and the loss condition of a rear-end optical fiber device; the strain sensing FBG-FP channels (302, 303, 304, 305) are a combination of a fiber optic circulator and a sensing FBG-FP probe, and the high reflection wavelength region of the strain sensing FBG-FP channels is adjusted to be near the central wavelength of the narrow-line-width laser (101) in a prestress loading mode.
In the scheme, the number of channels of the multi-channel photoelectric detector (503) is more than or equal to the number of strain sensing channels, and the bandwidth of the multi-channel photoelectric detector is higher than the frequency of a modulation signal provided by the signal generator (501); the bandwidth of the multi-channel electric switch (504) is greater than or equal to that of the multi-channel photoelectric detector (503), and the multi-channel electric switch is controlled by the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to ensure that the output is a corresponding channel in a channel period; the phase-locked amplifying module 1(403) and the phase-locked amplifying module 2(505) have an orthogonal demodulation function, perform orthogonal demodulation after receiving signal input and local oscillator input, and output two paths of signals which are orthogonal to each other, namely an I path signal and a Q path signal; the acquisition feedback control module 1(403) and the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) are writing functional modules in the FPGA and are used for respectively acquiring, processing and controlling signals of a temperature reference channel and a strain sensing channel; the multi-channel feedback control algorithm of time gating is a functional module in the acquisition feedback control module 2 (506); the upper computer (507) interacts with the FPGA, so that the acquisition feedback control module 1(403) and the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) complete the functions of parameter setting, signal transmission, algorithm compiling and the like.
In the scheme, a multi-channel feedback control cycle (601) is N cycle periods, and all events of a current channel need to be completed in each cycle period; the acquisition (602) of the single-channel phase-locked amplification IQ signal is to acquire a feedback control module in the current channel period, 2(506) acquire the output of the IQ signal after demodulation and phase-locked amplification module, 2 (505); IQ signal regularization (603) is to collect a feedback control module in the current channel period, 2(506) phase compensation is needed to be carried out on the collected IQ signal, so that the slope of a PDH error signal linear region is the maximum, as shown in FIG. 2, the IQ signal carries the phase difference brought by a light path and a circuit, so that two paths of signals are not positive mapping, and therefore, a certain phase angle delta omega needs to be rotated to obtain a regularized PDH error signal; the PDH error signal zero point identification (604) is to obtain a regularized PDH error signal in the current channel period, and then the zero point position of the regularized PDH error signal needs to be judged so as to obtain the position of a feedback locking central point; estimating the slope of a linear region of a PDH error signal linear region (605) to set the PID parameter of the current channel, namely calculating the single-channel PID parameter (606); the single-channel feedback locking (607) is used for finishing the feedback locking of the current channel after acquiring the position information of a feedback locking central point and setting PID parameters, namely controlling a voltage-controlled oscillator (502) to ensure that the sideband optical signal of the current channel is frequency stabilized and is on a current strain sensing FBG-FP; the single channel strain sensing signal output (608) is the control output of the acquisition feedback control module 2(506) to the voltage controlled oscillator (502), which is also the output of the strain sensing signal.
A multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating is characterized in that a narrow-linewidth light source is locked to a temperature reference FBG-FP in a feedback mode, and frequency stabilization of output laser is achieved; generating sideband optical signals by using a single sideband modulator, providing sideband modulated radio frequency signals by using a voltage-controlled oscillator, traversing each strain sensing FBG-FP channel by time gating of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and realizing feedback frequency stabilization of a corresponding channel, namely monitoring the strain sensing signals; in a time-gated multi-channel feedback control algorithm, each channel is allocated with a control period, and PDH error signals need to be processed and locked in the control period; therefore, real-time strain sensing with multiple channels, high precision and high resolution is realized, as shown in fig. 3, the real-time strain sensing is outfield experiment seismic wave sensing data of a multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating, ten strain channels are provided in total, each strain channel detects seismic wave signals, and differences among the channels are caused by different factors such as the distribution position, the distribution direction, the fixing degree of each sensing probe and the like.
The invention provides a multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating, which makes full use of a PDH demodulation technology, a space division multiplexing technology, an electric switch control technology, a time gating algorithm and the like, and realizes multichannel, high-precision and high-resolution real-time strain sensing with lower device cost. Compared with the prior code division multiplexing and time division multiplexing schemes, the multichannel optical fiber strain demodulation scheme based on time gating has low device cost, and greatly promotes the sensing application of high-precision optical fiber gratings.
The above-described embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.