阅读说明：本技术 一种利用菱镁尾矿制备建筑材料的方法 (Method for preparing building material by utilizing magnesite tailings ) 是由 张志远 宋志远 张羊 朱信雄 于 2021-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种利用菱镁尾矿制备建筑材料的方法,包括：菱镁尾矿预处理；选用硫酸对预处理后的菱镁尾矿进行酸浸处理以得到含硫酸镁酸浸混合物；对预处理后的菱镁尾矿进行煅烧处理以得到轻烧氧化镁；菱镁尾矿建筑材料制备：将煅烧处理得到的轻烧氧化镁、改性剂以及酸浸处理得到的含硫酸镁酸浸混合物混合并搅拌成料浆,将得到的料浆进行成型处理以得到菱镁尾矿建筑材料,如免烧砖、砌块,也可以用于制备其他工艺品。该方法有效解决了菱镁尾矿处理问题,操作简单,尾矿使用量大,降低了硫氧镁水泥的生产成本、节省了尾矿处理的成本,可取得良好的经济效益和生态效益。(A method for preparing a building material by utilizing magnesite tailings comprises the following steps: preprocessing magnesite tailings; selecting sulfuric acid to carry out acid leaching treatment on the pretreated magnesite tailings to obtain a magnesium sulfate-containing acid leaching mixture; calcining the pretreated magnesite tailings to obtain light-burned magnesium oxide; preparation of magnesite tailing building material: mixing and stirring light calcined magnesia obtained by calcination treatment, a modifier and a magnesium sulfate-containing acid leaching mixture obtained by acid leaching treatment to obtain slurry, and carrying out molding treatment on the obtained slurry to obtain magnesite tailing building materials, such as baking-free bricks and building blocks, and the magnesite tailing building materials can also be used for preparing other artware. The method effectively solves the problem of magnesite tailing treatment, has simple operation and large tailing usage amount, reduces the production cost of magnesium oxysulfate cement, saves the cost of tailing treatment, and can obtain good economic benefit and ecological benefit.)

1. A method for preparing a building material by utilizing magnesite tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps: preprocessing magnesite tailings; selecting sulfuric acid to carry out acid leaching treatment on the pretreated magnesite tailings to obtain a magnesium sulfate-containing acid leaching mixture; adding sulfuric acid into the pretreated magnesite tailings with the sulfuric acid concentration of 10-60 wt%, and standing and soaking to obtain a sulfuric acid leaching mixture containing magnesium sulfate; the mass ratio of the sulfuric acid to the magnesite tailings is 1: 1.6-2.2; calcining the pretreated magnesite tailings to obtain light-burned magnesium oxide, wherein the calcining temperature is 800-1200 ℃, and the calcining time is 30-180 minutes; preparation of magnesite tailing building material: mixing and stirring light calcined magnesia obtained by calcination treatment, a modifier and a magnesium sulfate-containing acid leaching mixture obtained by acid leaching treatment to obtain slurry, and carrying out molding treatment on the obtained slurry to obtain a magnesite tailing building material; wherein the molar ratio of active magnesium oxide in the light-burned magnesium oxide to magnesium sulfate in the magnesium sulfate acid leaching mixture is 6-10; the modifier is at least one of citric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, malic acid, dihydric phosphate, sodium citrate and the like, and the mixing amount of the modifier is 1-5 wt% of the mass of the active magnesium oxide in the light-burned magnesium oxide.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnesite tailings are crushed to a particle size below 2mm during the preprocessing of the magnesite tailings.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfuric acid is selected from industrial sulfuric acid or waste sulfuric acid.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the sulfuric acid is spent sulfuric acid.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of sulfuric acid in the acid leaching of magnesite tailings is 20 wt% to 25 wt%.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the acid leaching treatment of magnesite tailings, normal-pressure and normal-temperature acid leaching is adopted, and the acid leaching time is 6-72 hours.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the acid leaching time is 24 to 48 hours.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein in the acid leaching treatment of magnesite tailings, the mass ratio of sulfuric acid to magnesite tailings is 1: 2.2.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein in the magnesite tailing calcining treatment, the calcining temperature is 800-900 ℃, the calcining time is 90-120 minutes, and the content of the calcined active magnesium oxide is 45-62.2 wt%.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the magnesite tailing building material, the molar ratio of active magnesium oxide in the light burned magnesium oxide to magnesium sulfate in the magnesium sulfate acid leaching mixture is 7-9.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the modifying agent is citric acid; the mixing amount of the modifier is 2-3 wt% of the mass of the active magnesium oxide in the light-burned magnesium oxide.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnesite tailing building material has a 7d compressive strength of 30-42MPa, a 7d flexural strength of 5.5-10MPa, a 14d compressive strength of 32-45MPa, a 14d flexural strength of 7-11MPa, a 28d compressive strength of 35-48MPa, and a 28d flexural strength of 8-12 MPa.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization technology of industrial solid waste, in particular to a method for preparing a building material by utilizing magnesite tailings.

Background

The magnesite tailings are industrial wastes generated in the processes of magnesite exploitation and mineral processing, and about 50% of the tailings are produced during the exploitation. Magnesite is a mineral resource with superiority in China, has a proven storage capacity of 30 hundred million tons, accounts for about one fourth of the world proven storage capacity, is at the head of the world, is mainly and intensively distributed in the south of Liaoning, and has a storage capacity of 25.8 hundred million tons, which accounts for three quarters of the discovered storage capacity in China.

At present, due to disordered mining of a large number of magnesite mines, rich mining and poor abandoning and disordered mining are caused. The ore recovery rate of some mines is less than 50%, a part of high-quality magnesite mines are seriously damaged, magnesite resources are non-renewable mineral resources, and the loss of resources also loses the basis of survival and development. The resource form is not optimistic for a developing large country, china.

The tailings generated in the processes of magnesite mining and mineral processing are piled up in large quantity, and the tailings have great influence on the environment and space. Therefore, the recycling of the magnesite tailings has practical economic value and long-term environmental value.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial waste magnesite tailings and provides a method for directly preparing a magnesium oxysulfate building material by using the magnesite tailings.

Aiming at the above purposes, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for preparing a building material by utilizing magnesite tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps: preprocessing magnesite tailings; selecting sulfuric acid to carry out acid leaching treatment on the pretreated magnesite tailings to obtain a magnesium sulfate-containing acid leaching mixture; adding sulfuric acid into the pretreated magnesite tailings with the sulfuric acid concentration of 10-60 wt%, and standing and soaking to obtain a sulfuric acid leaching mixture containing magnesium sulfate; the mass ratio of the sulfuric acid to the magnesite tailings is 1: 1.6-2.2; calcining the pretreated magnesite tailings to obtain light-burned magnesium oxide, wherein the calcining temperature is 800-1200 ℃, and the calcining time is 30-180 minutes; preparation of magnesite tailing building material: mixing and stirring light calcined magnesia obtained by calcination treatment, a modifier and a magnesium sulfate-containing acid leaching mixture obtained by acid leaching treatment to obtain slurry, and carrying out molding treatment on the obtained slurry to obtain a magnesite tailing building material; wherein the molar ratio of active magnesium oxide in the light-burned magnesium oxide to magnesium sulfate in the magnesium sulfate acid leaching mixture is 6-10; the modifier is at least one of citric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, malic acid, dihydric phosphate, sodium citrate and the like, and the mixing amount of the modifier is 1-5 wt% of the mass of the active magnesium oxide in the light-burned magnesium oxide.

Preferably, in the magnesite tailing pretreatment, the magnesite tailing is crushed to the granularity of below 2 mm.

Preferably, the sulfuric acid is industrial sulfuric acid or waste sulfuric acid; more preferably, the sulfuric acid is waste sulfuric acid.

Preferably, in the acid leaching treatment of the magnesite tailings, the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 20-25 wt%.

Preferably, in the acid leaching treatment of the magnesite tailings, normal-pressure and normal-temperature acid leaching is adopted, and the acid leaching time is 6-72 hours. More preferably, the time of acid leaching is 24-48 hours.

Preferably, in the acid leaching treatment of the magnesite tailings, the mass ratio of the sulfuric acid to the magnesite tailings is 1: 2.2.

Preferably, in the calcining treatment of the magnesite tailings, the calcining temperature is 800-900 ℃, the calcining time is 90-120 minutes, and the content of the calcined active magnesium oxide is 45-62.2 wt%.

Preferably, in the preparation of the magnesite tailing building material, the molar ratio of active magnesium oxide in the light calcined magnesium oxide to magnesium sulfate in the magnesium sulfate acid leaching mixture is 7-9.

Preferably, the modifier is citric acid; the mixing amount of the modifier is 2-3 wt% of the mass of the active magnesium oxide in the light-burned magnesium oxide.

Preferably, the magnesite tailing building material has a 7d compressive strength of 30-42MPa, a 7d flexural strength of 5.5-10MPa, a 14d compressive strength of 32-45MPa, a 14d flexural strength of 7-11MPa, a 28d compressive strength of 35-48MPa, and a 28d flexural strength of 8-12 MPa.

The advantages and effects of the invention at least comprise: magnesite tailings and waste sulfuric acid are directly subjected to acid leaching to prepare a crude magnesium sulfate solution, magnesium oxide obtained in the magnesite tailing calcining treatment step is combined to directly prepare magnesium oxysulfate cement slurry, and further, building materials such as baking-free bricks and building blocks can be prepared, and other artware can also be prepared. The method effectively solves the problem of magnesite tailing treatment, has simple operation and large tailing usage amount, reduces the production cost of magnesium oxysulfate cement, saves the cost of tailing treatment, and can obtain good economic benefit and ecological benefit.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a general process flow diagram of a method for preparing a building material by using magnesite tailings according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 shows the active magnesium oxide content obtained by calcining magnesite tailings under different conditions.

FIG. 3 shows the mixture Mg of the acid leaching at different acid leaching times²⁺And (4) concentration.

FIG. 4 shows the acid leaching mixtures Mg at different acid-to-mineral ratios and acid concentrations²⁺And (4) concentration. Wherein the acid concentration of the code F1 is 25%, and the acid-ore ratio mass is 1: 1.8; the acid concentration of the No. F2 is 25%, and the mass ratio of acid to ore is 1: 2.2; the acid concentration of the No. F3 is 20%, and the acid-ore ratio mass is 1: 2.2.

FIG. 5 shows the experimental proportioning strength of different modifier contents.

FIG. 6 shows the experimental proportioning strength for different molar ratios.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows the general process flow of the present invention for preparing building materials by using magnesite tailings. The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited to the details of the description.

1. Magnesite tailing calcination parameter optimization

Figure 2 shows the content of active magnesium oxide obtained by calcining magnesite tailings under different conditions.

When the material is calcined at 800-1100 ℃, the activity is gradually reduced to 42.3wt% after the activity is increased from 16.6wt% to the maximum of 62.2wt% along with the prolonging of the calcination time. In different calcination time, the activity is firstly increased and then decreased along with the increase of the calcination temperature. The activity is obviously increased within 30-90 minutes of calcination, which shows that the magnesite tailings are basically completely decomposed within 90 minutes of calcination.

Preferably, the calcining temperature is 800-1200 ℃, and the calcining time is 30-180 minutes. More preferably, the calcining temperature is 800-1100 ℃, and the calcining time is 90-150 minutes. More preferably, the calcining temperature is 800-900 ℃, the calcining time is 90-120 minutes, and the content of the active magnesium oxide is 45-62.2 wt%.

2. Optimization of magnesite tailing acid leaching parameters

FIG. 3 shows the mixture Mg of the acid leaching at different acid leaching times²⁺And (4) concentration. FIG. 4 shows the acid leaching mixtures Mg at different acid-to-mineral ratios and acid concentrations²⁺And (4) concentration.

As is clear from FIGS. 3 and 4, as the pickling time was prolonged, Mg was added²⁺The concentration increases more slowly and the product pH rises significantly. When the acid leaching time is 48h, Mg²⁺The concentration is 24.5%, close to MgSO₄Solubility in water, pH 2.47, indicated that the acid was in excess. When the pickling time is prolonged to 72 hours, Mg²⁺The concentration is basically unchanged, but the pH value continues to rise, which shows that when the acid leaching time exceeds 72 hours, the residual acid reacts with other components in the magnesite tailings, and byproducts are generated.

Preferably, the acid leaching time is 6-72 hours. More preferably, the acid leaching time is 24-72 hours. More preferably, the acid leaching time is 24-48 hours.

Reducing the acid-mineral ratio, Mg²⁺The concentration is not greatly changed and is close to MgSO₄Solubility in water, pH increased slightly, and by-products were still produced.

Preferably, the acid-to-mineral ratio should be 1:1.6 to 1: 2.2. More preferably, the acid-to-mineral ratio should be 1: 1.8. More preferably, the acid to mineral ratio is 1: 2.2.

After decreasing the acid concentration, the pH increased significantly. When the acid concentration is 20 wt%, Mg²⁺The concentration was 17.1%, MgSO₄The pH value is not saturated, 4.3, the acid basically reacts completely, and no or less by-products are generated. Preferably, the acid concentration is 10 wt% to 60wt%, and more preferably, the acid concentration is 10 wt% to 30 wt%. More preferably, the acid concentration is from 20 wt% to 25 wt%.

3. Magnesite tailing construction material test

The method comprises the steps of putting light-burned magnesium oxide (calcining temperature is 900 ℃ and time is 120 min) obtained by calcining magnesite tailings under better conditions, citric acid serving as a modifier and a magnesium sulfate-containing acid leaching mixture (acid-ore ratio is 1: 2.2) prepared by acid leaching of the magnesite tailings into a stirrer, stirring for 2-10 minutes until slurry is uniform, pouring the obtained slurry into a die, vibrating or pressing for molding, and curing to obtain a magnesite tailing building material finished product.

(1) The mixing amount of the modifier (the molar ratio of the active magnesium oxide in the light calcined magnesium oxide to the magnesium sulfate in the magnesium sulfate acid leaching mixture is 9)

FIG. 5 shows the effect of different modifier loadings on the compressive strength of magnesium oxysulfate cement, wherein the modifier loading is the mass ratio of the modifier to the active magnesium oxide, and when the modifier loading is 2wt%, the compressive strength is 45.72MPa in 7 days, which is improved by 98.01% relative to the blank group (23.09 MPa); the compressive strength is 46.17MPa in 14 days, and is improved by 125.99 percent compared with a blank group (20.43 MPa); the 28-day compressive strength is 47.71MPa, which is improved by 140.47 percent compared with the blank (19.84 MPa). It was also found that without the addition of a modifier, the compressive strength decreases continuously with the increase in curing time. When the modifier is added in an amount of 2wt%, the compressive strength is highest.

The influence of the mixing amount of different modifiers on the fracture resistance of the magnesium oxysulfate cement is as follows: when the mixing amount of the modifier is 2%, the breaking strength is 7.00MPa in 7 days, and is increased by 100.57% relative to a blank group (3.49 MPa); the breaking strength is 8.13MPa in 14 days, and is improved by 40.41 percent compared with a blank group (5.79 MPa); the 28-day breaking strength is 10.57MPa, which is improved by 66.98 percent compared with a blank group (6.33 MPa). Along with the increase of the addition amount of the modifier, the flexural strength of the magnesium oxysulfate cement sample with the same curing time is increased and then reduced, and when the addition amount of the modifier is 2%, the flexural strength is highest.

Therefore, when the mixing amount of the modifier is 2wt%, the flexural strength and the compressive strength are highest; preferably, the mixing amount of the modifier is 1-5 wt%. More preferably, the mixing amount of the modifier is 2-3 wt%.

(2) Different molar ratios (modifier citric acid 2 wt%)

Effect of different molar ratios on the compressive strength of magnesium oxysulfate cement (fig. 6): the 7-day compressive strength of the steel plate is 37.83MPa and 45.72MPa respectively when the molar ratio is 8 and 9, and is respectively improved by 9.78 percent and 32.68 percent relative to the molar ratio of 7 (34.46 MPa) in a reference group; the 14-day compressive strength is 42.00MPa and 46.17MPa respectively, and the molar ratio of the steel plate to the base group of 7 (40.01 MPa) is improved by 4.97 percent and 15.40 percent respectively; the 28-day compressive strength is 44.02MPa and 47.71MPa respectively, and the molar ratio of the steel is improved by 9.18 percent and 18.33 percent respectively relative to the reference group of 7 (40.32 MPa).

Effect of different molar ratios on fracture resistance of magnesium oxysulfate cement (fig. 6): the 7-day flexural strengths of 8 and 9 were respectively 8.15MPa and 7.00MPa, and were respectively reduced by 18.17% and 29.72% relative to the reference group molar ratio of 7 (9.96 MPa); the 14-day flexural strengths of 8 and 9 were respectively 9.34MPa and 8.13MPa, and were reduced by 11.05% and 22.57% relative to the reference group molar ratio of 7 (10.50 MPa); the 28-day flexural strengths of 8 and 9 were 11.05MPa and 10.57MPa, respectively, and were reduced by 5.56% and 9.66% relative to the reference group molar ratio of 7 (11.79 MPa), respectively. Although the breaking strength of each age was slightly lower than that of the baseline group as the molar ratio increased, the difference from the baseline group gradually decreased as the age increased.

When the molar ratio is increased from 7 to 9, the compressive strength is gradually increased, and the flexural strength is in a descending trend. Therefore, the molar ratio is preferably 6 to 10. More preferably, the molar ratio is 7-9.

It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", "third", and the like in the description are used for distinguishing various components, elements, steps, and the like in the description, and are not used for indicating a logical relationship or a sequential relationship between the various components, elements, steps, and the like, unless otherwise specified.

It is to be understood that while the present invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments thereof, it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that many changes and modifications can be made, or equivalents modified, in the embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.