阅读说明：本技术 沉管海底隧道半漂浮基床整平方法 (Leveling method for semi-floating foundation bed of immersed tube submarine tunnel ) 是由 潘伟 张乃受 李进 潘立文 张海英 李春元 马宗豪 刘德进 苏长玺 陈虓 王殿文 于 2021-08-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及沉管隧道施工技术领域,尤其涉及一种沉管海底隧道半漂浮基床整平方法。主要包括如下步骤：(1)定位；(2)调平；(3)插桩；(4)抬升；(5)基床铺设石料；适用于无法进行插桩的复杂地质条件,无需将整平船的桩腿全插入岩石内,只需将桩腿插入至其受力允许范围,使整平船处于半漂浮状态,极大的降低了插桩的风险,对整平船施工时安全提供一定的保障；整平船的施工高度的设置,可以避免潮水及波浪对施工精度造成影响。(The invention relates to the technical field of immersed tube tunnel construction, in particular to a leveling method for a semi-floating foundation bed of an immersed tube submarine tunnel. The method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) positioning; (2) leveling; (3) pile inserting; (4) lifting; (5) paving stone on the foundation bed; the method is suitable for complex geological conditions which cannot be subjected to pile inserting, pile legs of the leveling ship are not required to be inserted into rocks completely, and the pile legs are only required to be inserted into the stress allowable range, so that the leveling ship is in a semi-floating state, the risk of pile inserting is greatly reduced, and certain guarantee is provided for the safety of the leveling ship during construction; the setting of the construction height of the leveling ship can avoid the influence of tidal water and waves on the construction precision.)

1. A leveling method for a semi-floating foundation bed of a immersed tube submarine tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) positioning: after the leveling ship enters a construction area, accurately positioning the leveling ship through a positioning system;

(2) leveling: adjusting the leveling vessel to a level state by adjusting a ballast tank on the leveling vessel and observing readings of a hull inclinometer;

(3) pile inserting: descending pile legs, adjusting ballast water of the leveling ship, when the stress of the pile legs is equal to the acting force required by lifting of the leveling ship, enabling the leveling ship to be in a critical state of just starting lifting, stopping pile insertion at the moment, enabling the leveling ship to be in a semi-floating state, and recording the critical pile insertion force of the pile legs at the moment;

(4) lifting: keeping the pile inserting force of the pile legs within the critical pile inserting force range in the step (3), and lifting the leveling ship to a construction height through a lifting device;

(5) paving stones on the foundation bed: building stones are transported to the scene and are carried to the feed ship through the belt transport ship, warp the feed ship belt feeder is carried extremely the hopper of flattening ship, warp again flattening ship belt feeder lifting gets into stone throwing pipe material mouth, will through removing walking cart, walking dolly the stone throwing pipe removes to stone throwing flattening starting point position and carries out rubble bedding and lays the flattening operation.

2. The method for leveling the semi-floating foundation bed of the immersed tube submarine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the critical pile inserting force is between 800 and 1600 t.

3. The method for leveling the semi-floating foundation bed of the immersed tube submarine tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the pile inserting selection of the step (3) is performed in the case of flat tide.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the hull shape and the hull position of the leveling vessel are displayed in real time by using a first GPS positioning system, and the leveling vessel is positioned by retracting and releasing an anchor cable according to GPS information received on the leveling vessel.

5. The method for leveling the semi-floating foundation bed of the immersed tube submarine tunnel according to claim 4, wherein 4 ballast water tanks are arranged on the leveling ship, water is fed and drained by controlling a control valve of each ballast water tank in the leveling of step (2), the amount of ballast water in each ballast water tank is adjusted, and the inclination value of the ship body in the whole laying process is controlled within +/-0.08 degrees.

6. The method for leveling the semi-floating foundation bed of the immersed tube submarine tunnel according to claim 5, wherein the construction height in the step (4) is as follows: two days predictable high tide level + predicted maximum wave height/2 + surplus height (0.5 m).

7. The method for leveling the semi-floating foundation bed of the immersed tube submarine tunnel according to claim 6, wherein in the step (4), the platform of the leveling vessel is lifted by a diagonal direct ballast lifting method.

8. The method for leveling the semi-floating foundation bed of the immersed tube submarine tunnel according to claim 1 or 7, wherein in the step (5), the gravel foundation bed is laid in two layers, the top layer of the foundation bed is 30cm thick, the bottom layer is 1.0m thick, the bottom layer is laid first, and then the top layer is laid.

9. The method for leveling the semi-floating foundation bed of the immersed tube submarine tunnel according to claim 8, wherein the walking speed of the riprap pipe is set to be 1.5m/min when the bottom layer is laid, and the walking speed of the riprap pipe is set to be 1.0m/min when the top layer is laid.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of immersed tube tunnel construction, in particular to a leveling method for a semi-floating foundation bed of an immersed tube submarine tunnel.

Background

In some sea areas with complex geological conditions, the leveling operation is difficult. For example, the seabed geology of the large connecting bay is complex, and most of the area to be inserted is a shallow covering layer and a rock foundation platform. The thickness of the shallow covering layer soil covering is generally less than 3m, and the adaptability of the pile legs to the shallow covering layer foundation and the pile inserting stability are difficult to evaluate. The rock foundation platform is formed after reef explosion, considering that rocks after reef explosion have a large number of cracks and are complex, and an effective method and a preventive measure for monitoring the cracks cannot be found at the present stage. After the reefs are exploded, the stability of the rock slope can be seriously disturbed, and if piles are inserted on the unknown fractured rock foundation, the risk can be greatly increased.

Aiming at the complex geological conditions, the traditional full-lifting type leveling process is influenced by the geological conditions and cannot be used for leveling operation, and the leveling of the immersed tube submarine tunnel gravel foundation bed has the advantages of high construction difficulty and high precision, so that a gravel foundation bed leveling method which can be suitable for the complex geological conditions in which pile insertion cannot be carried out needs to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method for leveling the semi-floating foundation bed of the immersed tube submarine tunnel, which is suitable for the condition that the submarine geology does not meet the pile inserting condition and has high safety.

The invention provides a leveling method for a semi-floating foundation bed of a immersed tube submarine tunnel, which comprises the following steps:

(1) positioning: after the leveling ship enters a construction area, accurately positioning the leveling ship through a positioning system;

(2) leveling: adjusting the leveling vessel to a level state by adjusting a ballast tank on the leveling vessel and observing readings of a hull inclinometer;

(3) pile inserting: descending pile legs, adjusting ballast water of the leveling ship, when the stress of the pile legs is equal to the acting force required by lifting of the leveling ship, enabling the leveling ship to be in a critical state of just starting lifting, stopping pile insertion at the moment, enabling the leveling ship to be in a semi-floating state, and recording the critical pile insertion force of the pile legs at the moment;

(4) lifting: keeping the pile inserting force of the pile legs within the critical pile inserting force range in the step (3), and lifting the leveling ship to a construction height through a lifting device;

(5) paving stones on the foundation bed: building stones are transported to the scene and are carried to the feed ship through the belt transport ship, warp the feed ship belt feeder is carried extremely the hopper of flattening ship, warp again flattening ship belt feeder lifting gets into stone throwing pipe material mouth, will through removing walking cart, walking dolly the stone throwing pipe removes to stone throwing flattening starting point position and carries out rubble bedding and lays the flattening operation.

This technical scheme is applicable to the complicated geological conditions that the geological conditions does not satisfy traditional full lifting formula flattening technology, need not to insert the rock entirely with the spud leg of flattening ship in, only needs insert the spud leg to its atress allowed range, makes the flattening ship be in half floating state, very big reduction the risk of inserting the stake, provides certain guarantee to safety when the flattening ship is under construction.

In some embodiments of the present application, in step (3), the critical pile inserting force is between 800-1600 t, and the planing vessel is in a critical state just before lifting.

In some embodiments of the present application, the pile inserting in step (3) is performed at the time of flat tide, so as to avoid generating buoyancy on the hull of the leveling ship at the time of high tide, which affects the construction precision.

In some embodiments of the present application, in step (1), the hull shape and the hull position of the planing vessel are displayed in real time using a first GPS positioning system, and the planing vessel is positioned by retracting and releasing anchor cables according to GPS information received on the planing vessel.

In some embodiments of this application, be provided with 4 ballast water tanks on the flattening ship, step (2) the leveling is through controlling every the control flap in ballast water tank advances water, the drainage, adjusts every ballast water yield in the ballast water tank controls the slope value of whole laying process hull within 0.08, when avoiding the flattening ship hull to be in the semi-floating state, the influence that the position of walking cart, walking dolly and stormy waves flow caused to the flattening ship hull stability constantly guarantees the hull level, ensures that the flattening precision satisfies the designing requirement.

In some embodiments of the present application, the construction height in step (4) is: two days of predictable high tide level + predicted maximum wave height/2 + surplus height (0.5 m); the sea water reaches the ship body lifting height of the leveling ship when high tide is generated during leveling construction, and the influence on construction precision is caused by buoyancy generated on the ship body.

In some embodiments of the subject application, the lifting of step (4) is performed by lifting the platform of the planing vessel using a diagonal direct ballast lifting method.

In some embodiments of the present application, in order to improve the accuracy of the foundation bed laying, in step (5), the gravel foundation bed laying is performed in two layers, wherein the top layer of the foundation bed is 30cm thick, and the bottom layer is 1.0m thick, the bottom layer laying is performed first, and then the top layer laying is performed.

In some embodiments of the present application, the bottom layer is laid at a speed of 1.5m/min, and the top layer is laid at a speed of 1.0 m/min.

Based on the technical scheme, the method for leveling the semi-floating foundation bed of the immersed tube submarine tunnel in the embodiment of the invention is suitable for complex geological conditions which cannot be plugged, pile legs of a leveling ship are not required to be fully inserted into rocks, and only the pile legs are required to be inserted into the stress allowable range, so that the leveling ship is in a semi-floating state, the risk of plugging is greatly reduced, and certain guarantee is provided for the safety of the leveling ship during construction;

the setting of the construction height of the leveling ship can avoid the influence of tidal water and waves on the construction precision.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of equipment used in a leveling method of a semi-floating foundation bed of a immersed tube submarine tunnel according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a planing vessel according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic left side view of a screed vessel according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a diagonal direct ballast lift method according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the construction height in one embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

10. leveling the ship; 11. a hull; 12. a moon pool; 13. a cart is walked; 14. a walking trolley; 15. pile legs; 16. a stone throwing pipe; 20. a deck barge transport ship; 30. a feed vessel; 40. the surface of the water.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "lateral," "longitudinal," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting.

The terms "first", "second" and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

The method for leveling the semi-floating foundation bed of the immersed tube submarine tunnel uses main ship machine equipment such as a leveling ship 10, a deck barge material transport ship 20, a feeding ship 30 and the like, as shown in figure 1. The deck barge stone transport ship conveys stone materials for the material supply ship, and the material supply ship provides stone materials for the leveling ship. The deck barge stone transport ship 20 transfers stones to the feeding ship 30 through an excavator, the feeding ship 30 conveys the stones to the feeding hopper of the leveling ship 20 through a cantilever belt conveyor, and the feeding hopper conveys the stones to the stone throwing pipe through the belt conveyor.

As shown in fig. 2, the leveling vessel 10 is a self-elevating platform riprap leveling vessel, a hull 11 of the leveling vessel is shaped like a Chinese character 'hui', a first GPS positioning system is arranged on the hull, and a moon pool 12 is arranged in the center of the hull 11; the moon pool 12 is provided with a walking cart 13, the walking cart 13 is movably provided with a walking trolley 14, the walking cart 13 is used for realizing longitudinal displacement in the riprap leveling process, and the walking trolley 14 is used for realizing transverse displacement in the riprap leveling process. The walking trolley 14 is respectively provided with a clamping mechanism, a fixing frame and a lifting mechanism, the clamping mechanism, the fixing frame and the lifting mechanism are respectively used for clamping, installing, fixing and lifting the riprap leveling device, and the fixing frame is used for installing and leveling. The riprap leveling device is used for riprap and leveling of the foundation bed; the hull is also provided with a stone conveying mechanism for conveying stones for the stone throwing leveling device, and constructors operate the leveling ship in an operation room.

The hull 11 of the leveling ship is in a shape of a Chinese character 'hui', four pile legs 15 are respectively arranged on four corners, and the leveling ship is lifted by the four pile legs to ensure

The stability of the hull of the leveling ship in the construction process is proved.

The method is suitable for complex geological conditions with geological conditions which do not meet the requirements of the traditional full-lifting type leveling process, and only needs to insert the pile leg of the leveling ship into the rock and the stress allowable range, so that the leveling ship is in a semi-floating state, the risk of pile insertion is greatly reduced, and certain guarantee is provided for the safety of the leveling ship during construction. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) positioning: after the leveling ship enters a construction area, the leveling ship is accurately positioned through a positioning system;

(2) leveling: the leveling ship is adjusted to be in a horizontal state by adjusting a ballast water tank on the leveling ship and observing the reading of a ship body inclinometer;

(3) pile inserting: descending the pile legs, adjusting ballast water of the leveling ship, when the stress of the pile legs is equal to the acting force required by lifting the leveling ship, keeping the leveling ship in a critical state of just starting lifting, stopping pile insertion at the moment, keeping the leveling ship in a semi-floating state, and simultaneously recording the critical pile insertion force of the pile legs at the moment;

(4) lifting: keeping the pile inserting force of the pile legs within the critical pile inserting force range in the step (3), and lifting the leveling ship to a construction height through a lifting device;

(5) paving stones on the foundation bed: the building stones are transported to the site through the belt transport ship and are transported to the feed ship, the stone is transported to the hopper of the leveling ship through the belt transport ship belt conveyor, then enters the stone throwing pipe material port through the lifting of the leveling ship belt conveyor, and the stone throwing pipe is moved to the stone throwing leveling starting point position through the movable walking cart and the movable walking trolley to carry out the leveling operation of laying the gravel foundation bed.

According to the traditional full-lifting type leveling process, after the leveling ship is positioned, the pile legs are lowered to the mud surface, and ballast water is driven into the mud surface or the overload ballast is carried out by a diagonal ballast method, and when the pile legs are stable and do not sink any more and the air gap does not change any more, the leveling ship is lifted to the construction height. In the step (3), the pile legs are kept between the critical pile inserting force of 800-1600 t, and at the moment, the leveling ship is in a critical state just before lifting and is in a semi-floating state. Meanwhile, the phenomenon that buoyancy is generated on the hull of the leveling ship by tidal water and waves to influence the construction precision is avoided, and the pile inserting in the step (3) is carried out when the tide is low.

The first GPS positioning system on the leveling ship is used for positioning the leveling ship, the first GPS positioning system displays the shape and the position of the ship body of the leveling ship in real time, and the leveling ship is positioned by retracting and releasing the anchor cable according to GPS information received on the leveling ship.

4 ballast water tanks are arranged on the leveling ship, the leveling in the step (2) is carried out, water inlet and water discharge are carried out by controlling a control valve of each ballast water tank, the ballast water amount in each ballast water tank is adjusted, the inclination value of the ship body in the whole laying process is controlled within +/-0.08 degrees, the influence on the stability of the leveling ship body caused by the positions of a walking cart and a walking trolley and storm currents when the leveling ship body is in a semi-floating state is avoided, the leveling can keep the ship body level constantly, and the leveling precision is ensured to meet the design requirement.

The critical pile inserting force borne by pile legs on the leveling ship is 800-1600 t, and at the moment, the leveling ship is in a critical state just before lifting. Preferably, in this embodiment, when the force applied to each of the four legs of the leveling vessel reaches about 1100t, the force applied to the leg is just the supporting force required by the lifting of the leveling vessel, and when the lifting of the leveling vessel is just started, the pile insertion is stopped.

Meanwhile, the leveling ship is in a semi-floating state and is extremely easily influenced by water flow, waves and wind, and when the pile is inserted, in order to avoid the influence of the factors on the hull of the leveling ship and enable the leveling ship to be in an unstable state to influence the construction precision, the pile insertion in the step (3) is carried out in the flat tide.

And (4) when the leveling ship is in a semi-floating state, lifting the leveling ship to a construction height through a lifting device, wherein the lifting device is arranged in a lifting mechanism, a motor drives a reduction gearbox, and the reduction gearbox drives a climbing gear to move in a meshing manner with racks on the pile legs, so that the pile legs are lifted or lowered. The construction height h is as follows: two days of predictable high tide level + predicted maximum wave height/2 + surplus height (0.5 m); the influence of the buoyancy generated on the ship body on the construction precision can be avoided when the seawater reaches the ship body lifting height during leveling construction and is high in tide. The construction height of the traditional full-lifting type leveling process is as follows: predictable high tide level + prediction maximum wave height/2 + surplus height (0.5m), chooseing for use in this application two days predictable high tide levels, the sea water reaches hull lifting height when just avoiding the high tide during the flattening construction, produces buoyancy to the hull and causes the influence to the construction precision, consequently, when this application sets up the construction height, the prediction high tide level is more accurate, has more persuasion.

And (4) lifting, namely lifting the platform of the leveling ship by adopting a diagonal direct ballast lifting method. Firstly locking one diagonal pile leg, applying a load to the other diagonal pile leg by using a lifting device, when the lifting device displays that a pre-load value is reached until the bearing reaction force of the state reaches the pre-load value, keeping for a period of time until the diagonal pile leg is stable, gradually sinking the pile leg in the diagonal ballast process of the pile leg so as to reduce an air gap, lifting a ship body platform 1 until the air gap reaches the position of 1m when the air gap is reduced until the ship body platform is about to be in contact with a wave crest, and repeatedly operating until the air gap is stable and does not change any more; and then locking the other diagonal leg, releasing the locked diagonal leg in the previous step and applying load to the diagonal leg for stabilization, wherein the specific process is the same as the previous step.

In order to improve the paving precision of the foundation bed, in the step (5), the gravel foundation bed is paved into two layers, wherein the top layer of the foundation bed is 30cm thick, the bottom layer is 1.0m thick, the bottom layer is paved first, and then the top layer is paved. When the bottom layer is paved, the walking speed of the riprap pipe is 1.5m/min, and when the top layer is paved, the walking speed of the riprap pipe is 1.0 m/min. The gravel foundation bed is laid by discharging and laying gravel through movement of the gravel throwing pipe, and the movement of the gravel throwing pipe is realized through longitudinal movement and transverse movement of the walking cart and the walking trolley.

The construction sequence is as follows: and after one ridge is constructed, translating to the next ridge, adjusting the bottom of the stone throwing pipe to the construction elevation, laying and constructing the next ridge, and circularly constructing according to the steps. During construction of each layer, the height of the material level in the riprap pipe is strictly controlled to be 4-8 m, matching construction is carried out by controlling the speed of the large trolley and the speed of the small trolley and the speed of the material supply, the situation that a broken stone cushion layer is lack of materials or excessive materials in the riprap pipe cannot be discharged is prevented, and the height of the material level is controlled to be 50-100 cm after laying is finished.

Finally, it should be noted that: the embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.