阅读说明：本技术 一种应用于车辆的分区感光装置 (Be applied to subregion photosensitive device of vehicle ) 是由 董全喜 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种应用于车辆的分区感光装置,所述分区感光装置包括：一个或多个光线处理装置,用于将接收到的环境光成像后分区输出；一个或多个光线接收装置,用于接收被分区输出的环境光并将其转换为电信号；光线处理装置任意一个分区输出的光由至少一个光线接收装置接收。本发明通过将环境光分区进行感光,解决了现有应用于车辆的感光器无法区分外界环境不同区域的光亮变化的问题。(The invention relates to a subarea photosensitive device applied to a vehicle, which comprises: one or more light processing devices for imaging the received ambient light and outputting the imaged ambient light in a partitioned manner; one or more light receiving devices for receiving the environment light outputted by the subareas and converting the environment light into an electric signal; the light output by any one subarea of the light processing device is received by at least one light receiving device. The invention solves the problem that the existing photoreceptor applied to the vehicle can not distinguish the brightness change of different areas of the external environment by carrying out sensitization on the environment light subareas.)

1. A zoned photosensitive device applied to a vehicle, comprising:

one or more light processing devices for imaging the received ambient light and outputting the imaged ambient light in a partitioned manner;

one or more light receiving devices for receiving the environment light outputted by the subareas and converting the environment light into an electric signal;

the light output by any one subarea of the light processing device is received by at least one light receiving device.

2. The zoned photosensitive device applied to a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the light processing device includes:

the first partition structure is used for outputting the received short-distance opposite vehicle light, the received own vehicle ground reflected light and the received ground reflected sky light;

the second partition structure is used for outputting the received car light and the far-path light which are relatively separated from each other at a longer distance;

and the third partition structure is used for outputting the received light of the near road and the sky light.

3. The zoned photosensitive device applied to a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the light processing device includes:

the device comprises a grating A (1) provided with a light through hole, a convex lens A (2), a semitransparent light sensing plate A (4) and a plurality of light barriers A (5);

ambient light is imaged on the semitransparent photosensitive plate A (4) through the grating A (1) and the convex lens A (2), and transmitted light is divided into three areas by the light barriers A (5) and then is output.

4. The zoned photosensitive device applied to a vehicle according to claim 3, further comprising:

the central part of the front arc surface of the convex lens A (2) is tightly attached to the light through hole in the center of the grating A (1), the semitransparent photosensitive plate A (4) is fixed at the rear focal plane of the convex lens A (2), and the transmission light of the semitransparent photosensitive plate A (4) is parallel to the main optical axis of the convex lens A (2), and three cavities formed by the plurality of light barriers A (5) are divided into three areas to be output from top to bottom.

5. The zoned photosensitive device applied to a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the light processing device includes:

the device comprises a first partition structure, a second partition structure and a third partition structure, wherein the first partition structure is provided with a grating B (21) with a light hole, a convex lens B (9), a semitransparent light sensing plate B (12) and a light barrier B (15), ambient light is imaged on the semitransparent light sensing plate B (12) through the grating B (21) and the convex lens B (9), and transmitted light is selectively output by the light barrier B (15);

the second partition structure is provided with a grating C (22) with a light hole, a convex lens C (10), a semitransparent light sensing plate C (13) and a light barrier C (16), ambient light is imaged on the semitransparent light sensing plate C (13) through the grating C (22) and the convex lens C (10), and transmitted light is selectively output by the light barrier C (16);

the third partition structure is provided with a grating D (23) with a light hole, a convex lens D (11), a semitransparent light sensing plate D (14) and a light barrier D (17), ambient light is imaged on the semitransparent light sensing plate D (14) through the grating D (23) and the convex lens D (11), and transmitted light is selectively output by the light barrier D (17);

the first partition structure, the second partition structure and the third partition structure isolate light rays from each other.

6. The zoned photosensitive device applied to a vehicle according to claim 5, wherein:

the first partition structure further comprises a light through hole at the center of the grating B (21) and in close contact with the center of the front arc surface of the convex lens B (9), the semitransparent light sensing plate B (12) is fixed at the back focal plane of the convex lens B (9), and light in the upper area is selectively output by the light barrier B (15) in close contact with the semitransparent light sensing plate through the transmitted light of the semitransparent light sensing plate B (12);

the second partition structure further comprises a light through hole at the center of the grating C (22) and in close contact with the center of the front arc surface of the convex lens C (10), the semitransparent light sensing plate C (13) is fixed at the back focal plane of the convex lens C (10), and the light in the middle area is selectively output by the light barrier C (16) in close contact with the semitransparent light sensing plate C (13) through the transmission light of the semitransparent light sensing plate C (13);

the third subregion structure still includes the preceding arcwall central part of convex lens D (11) with the clear aperture at grating D (23) center is hugged closely and is set up, translucent photosensitive plate D (14) are fixed the back focal plane department of convex lens D (11), process the transmitted light of translucent photosensitive plate D (14) is hugged closely with the translucent photosensitive plate sets up the regional light of lower part is selectively exported to barn door D (17).

7. The zoned photosensitive device applied to a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the light receiving device is a photoelectric conversion circuit including a photodiode.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of photoreceptors applied to vehicles, in particular to a subarea photosensitive device applied to a vehicle.

Background

Photoreceptors have found widespread use in a number of fields, and in the automotive environment, the main applications are as follows: in-vehicle entertainment, navigation, DVD system backlight control to display desired backlight brightness under all ambient light conditions; the display backlight control for the backseat entertainment; instrument cluster backlight control (speedometer, tachometer); automatic rearview mirror brightness control (typically requiring two sensors, one forward and one backward); automatic headlamp and rain sensing control (special, changing according to the need); rear view camera control (dedicated, varying according to demand).

The photoreceptor is generally made up of two parts, respectively: a receiver and a detection circuit.

The receiver is composed of a photodiode, a photoelectric triode or a photoresistor. Photodiodes are now the most common sensors. The photoelectric sensor photosensitive diode has the same shape as a common diode, only a glass-embedded window is arranged on a tube shell of the photoelectric sensor photosensitive diode so as to facilitate light to enter, the area of a PN junction is made larger in order to increase the light receiving area, the photosensitive diode works in a reverse bias working state and is connected with a load resistor in series, and when no light is irradiated, the photoelectric sensor photosensitive diode is the same as the common diode, and the reverse current is very small and is called as the dark current of the photosensitive diode; when light is applied, the carriers are excited, creating electron-holes, known as photocarriers. The detection circuit mainly converts the signals received by the receiver into stable and regular electric signals for use.

Depth of field refers to the range of distance between the front and back of the subject measured by imaging to obtain a sharp image at the front edge of the camera lens or other imaging device. The distance from the aperture, lens and focal plane to the object is an important factor affecting the depth of field. The convex lens is used for imaging, the smaller the focal length of the selected convex lens is, the smaller the aperture is, the larger the depth of field range is, and the image plane can present a clear far and near object image when being near the focal length on the optical axis.

The existing photoreceptors applied to vehicles do not divide received light in more detail, and the brightness change of different areas of the external environment cannot be distinguished.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing photosensitive device applied to a vehicle cannot distinguish brightness changes of different areas of an external environment, and provides a subarea photosensitive device applied to the vehicle.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a zoned photosensitive device applied to a vehicle, comprising: one or more light processing devices for imaging the received ambient light and outputting the imaged ambient light in a partitioned manner; one or more light receiving devices for receiving the environment light outputted by the subareas and converting the environment light into an electric signal. The light output by any one subarea of the light processing device is received by at least one light receiving device. The light can be divided into a plurality of regions in one light processing device, or the light can be divided by respectively selectively outputting light in different regions by a plurality of light processing devices, and one or a plurality of light receiving devices can be selected according to actual requirements so as to achieve the desired effect.

Further, the light processing apparatus includes: the first partition structure is used for outputting the received short-distance opposite vehicle light, the received own vehicle ground reflected light and the received ground reflected sky light; the second partition structure is used for outputting the received car light and the far-path light which are relatively separated from each other at a longer distance; and the third partition structure is used for outputting the received light of the near road and the sky light. Two conditions of the vehicle are important, namely, when the vehicle is switched between daytime and night, the sky light changes violently at the moment, and the vehicle is divided into a third subarea; and secondly, when no street lamp or other lights are available at night, the vehicles are driven to come from far away, and the lights which are driven relatively far away appear at the moment and are divided into a second subarea.

Further, the light processing apparatus includes: the device comprises a grating A provided with a light through hole, a convex lens A, a semitransparent light sensing plate A and a plurality of light barriers A; ambient light is imaged on the semitransparent light sensing plate A through the grating A and the convex lens A, and transmitted light of the ambient light is divided into three areas by the light blocking plates A and then is output.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps: the central part of the front arc surface of the convex lens A is closely attached to the light through hole in the center of the grating A, the semitransparent photosensitive plate A is fixed at the rear focal plane of the convex lens A, and the transmission light passing through the semitransparent photosensitive plate A is divided into three areas by three cavities from top to bottom, which are formed by the light barriers A and are parallel to the main optical axis of the convex lens A, so that the three areas are output: the short-distance opposite car light, the ground reflected light of the car and the ground reflected sky light, the long-distance opposite car light and the long-distance light, the short-distance light and the sky light. And the photosensitive tube A, the photosensitive tube B and the photosensitive tube C are ensured to respectively receive the light transmitted by each point in the divided area of the semitransparent photosensitive plate A. The grating and the convex lens are tightly attached together, so that the field angle is maximum. The size and the shape of the light through hole can be changed according to actual needs, so that the size of a vertical field angle and the size of a horizontal field angle are changed. Since the division manner is divided with reference to the world boundary, the division manner of the ambient light is divided at an angle close to the horizontal. Adjusting the diameter of the convex lens, the size of the grating light through hole, the light transmittance of the semitransparent photosensitive plate and the sensitivity of the photosensitive tube, so that the photosensitive tube reacts to be close to a cut-off area when the minimum light intensity (the light intensity of the automobile light coming from a far place in an opposite direction when no street lamp or other lights exist at night) before the detection vehicle comes; when the useful maximum light intensity (the ambient light intensity when switching between daytime and night, which is suitable for turning on the vehicle light) is detected, the light sensitive tube reacts close to the saturation region. The minimum light intensity in front of the vehicle and the useful maximum light intensity must be actually measured with the photoreceptor.

Further, the light processing apparatus includes: the first partition structure is provided with a grating B with a light hole, a convex lens B, a semitransparent photosensitive plate B and a light barrier B, ambient light is imaged on the semitransparent photosensitive plate B through the grating B and the convex lens B, and transmitted light is selectively output by the light barrier B; the second partition structure is provided with a grating C with a light hole, a convex lens C, a semitransparent light sensing plate C and a light barrier C, ambient light is imaged on the semitransparent light sensing plate C through the grating C and the convex lens C, and transmitted light of the ambient light is selectively output by the light barrier C; and the third partition structure is provided with a grating D with a light hole, a convex lens D, a semitransparent light sensing plate D and a light barrier plate D, ambient light passes through the grating D and the convex lens D to be imaged on the semitransparent light sensing plate D, and transmitted light of the ambient light is selectively output by the light barrier plate D. The first partition structure, the second partition structure and the third partition structure isolate light rays from each other.

Further, first subregion structure still includes convex lens B's preceding arcwall central part with the setting is hugged closely to the logical unthreaded hole at grating B center, translucent photosensitive plate B is fixed convex lens B's back focal plane department, process translucent photosensitive plate B's transmission light by with translucent photosensitive plate is hugged closely the setting the regional light in barn door B selective output upper portion, closely subtend car light, from car ground reflection light and ground reflection sky light promptly. The photosensitive tube D can receive the light rays transmitted by each point on the semitransparent photosensitive plate B which is not shielded by the light barrier B. The second partition structure further comprises a front arc surface central part of the convex lens C and a light through hole in the center of the grating C, wherein the semi-transparent light-sensing plate C is fixed at a rear focal plane of the convex lens C, and the light passing through the semi-transparent light-sensing plate C is closely attached to the light barrier C to selectively output light in the middle area, namely far-distance opposite car light and far-path light. The photosensitive tube E is ensured to receive the light transmitted by each point on the translucent photosensitive plate C which is not shielded by the light barrier C. The third subregion structure still includes convex lens D's preceding arcwall central part with the setting is hugged closely to the logical unthreaded hole at grating D center, translucent photosensitive plate D is fixed convex lens D's back focal plane department, process translucent photosensitive plate D's transmission light by with the setting is hugged closely to translucent photosensitive plate the regional light in barn door D selectivity output lower part, nearly way light and sky light promptly. The photosensitive tube F can receive the light rays transmitted by each point on the semitransparent photosensitive plate D which is not shielded by the light barrier D.

Further, the light receiving device is a photoelectric conversion circuit including a photodiode. The reason for converting optical signals into electrical signals is that the way electrical signals are handled and processed is now more sophisticated. The circuit comprises a voltage follower and a subtraction operator for stabilizing the electrical signal and temperature compensating the photodiode. The electrical signal of the optical signal converted by the photosensitive tube is relatively unstable, the electrical signal is relatively difficult to use, and the photosensitive tube is susceptible to temperature, so that the characteristic curve can change along with the temperature change, and the characteristic cannot be used.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the sensing of the external environment by the subarea light sensing is more accurate and sensitive than that by the non-subarea light sensing.

2. The vehicle needs to face two main environmental light change conditions, namely, the vehicle is driven to move in a far direction at night and the vehicle is driven to alternate between daytime and night. Therefore, the invention divides the environment light into three areas, namely street lamp light and sky light, far distance opposite lamp light and far path lamp light, short distance opposite vehicle lamp light, self vehicle ground reflected light and ground reflected sky light, and can accurately sense the two conditions.

3. The advantages of several partitions of light in one light processing device are small size and accurate light sensing.

4. The light is partitioned by selectively outputting the light of different areas by the plurality of light processing devices, and the light processing device has the advantages of being easy to produce in batches and easy to maintain.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a partitioned photosensitive device embodiment 1.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first partition structure of the partitioned photosensitive device in embodiment 2;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second partition structure of the partitioned photosensitive device in embodiment 2;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of a third partition structure of the partitioned photosensitive device in embodiment 2.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a photoelectric conversion circuit.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a grating A; 2. a convex lens A; 3. a field of view range; 4. a translucent photosensitive plate A; 5. a plurality of light barriers A; 6. a photosensitive tube A; 7. a photosensitive tube B; 8. a photosensitive tube C;

9. a convex lens B; 10. a convex lens C; 11. a convex lens D; 12. a translucent photosensitive plate B; 13. a translucent photosensitive plate C; 14. a translucent photosensitive plate D; 15. a light barrier B; 16. a light barrier C; 17. a light barrier D; 18. a photosensitive tube D; 19. a photosensitive tube E; 20. a photosensitive tube F; 21. a grating B; 22. a grating C; 23. and (4) a grating D.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1, the ambient light forms a complete inverted real image of an external object on the semitransparent plate a4 through the grating a1 and the convex lens a2, the size of the field of view range 3 can be controlled by adjusting the size of the light through hole in the center of the grating a1, and the field of view range 3 can be divided into two parts, namely a vertical part and a horizontal part according to actual needs. The smaller the focal length of the selected convex lens A2 is, the smaller the light through hole in the center of the grating A1 is, and the larger the depth of field is, so that the scheme selects the convex lens with short focal length. The inverted real image is divided into three parts from top to bottom using several light barriers a 5: the short-distance opposite vehicle light, the self vehicle ground reflected light and the ground reflected sky light, the long-distance opposite vehicle light and the long-distance light, the street lamp light and the sky light. The photosensitive tube A6 receives street light and sky light, the photosensitive tube B7 receives far-distance opposite vehicle light and far-distance light, and the photosensitive tube C8 receives near-distance opposite vehicle light, self-vehicle ground reflected light and ground reflected sky light. The distance between the photodiode a6, the photodiode B7, the photodiode C8 and the translucent plate a4 is adjusted to ensure that the photodiode a6, the photodiode B7 and the photodiode C8 can receive the light transmitted by each point in the divided region of the translucent plate a 4.

As shown in fig. 5, the voltage follower functions to stabilize the voltage, perform shading processing on the photodiodes of the same type as the photodiode a6, the photodiode B7, and the photodiode C8, connect the photodiodes a6, the photodiode B7, and the photodiode C8 through a subtraction operator, perform temperature compensation on the photodiode a6, the photodiode B7, and the photodiode C8, and finally output an electrical signal converted from the received light intensity. Different light intensities can lead the photosensitive tube to generate corresponding electric signals, and the size of the received light intensity can be judged according to the size of the electric signals.

The diameter of the convex lens A2, the size of a light through hole in the center of the grating A1, the light transmittance of the semitransparent photosensitive plate A4 and the sensitivity of the photosensitive tube A6, the photosensitive tube B7 and the photosensitive tube C8 are adjusted, so that when the minimum light intensity (the light intensity of the light of a distant vehicle facing to the vehicle when no street lamp or other light exists at night) before the probe vehicle comes, the reaction of the photosensitive tube A6, the photosensitive tube B7 and the photosensitive tube C8 is close to a cut-off area; when the maximum useful light intensity (the ambient light intensity suitable for turning on the lights during the day and night transitions) is detected, the response of photodiode a6, photodiode B7, and photodiode C8 is near the saturation region. The minimum light intensity in front of the vehicle and the useful maximum light intensity must be actually measured with the photoreceptor.

Selection of a photosensitive tube:

a photoresistor: its advantages are high sensitivity and low photoelectric reaction speed up to 100 ms.

Photodiode or phototransistor: its advantages are high reaction speed and low light sensitivity.

The photoresistor, the photosensitive diode and the phototriode are affected by temperature, and the photoresistor, the photosensitive diode and the phototriode are required to be used for temperature compensation of other photosensitive phototriodes after being subjected to shading treatment by the photosensitive tubes of the same type and number.

The distance between the grating and the convex lens is small, and the grating and the convex lens can be tightly attached together. The partitioned photosensitive device needs to be provided with a light-shielding shell, so that only light at a viewing angle can enter the partitioned photosensitive device, and other light cannot enter the partitioned photosensitive device.

Example 2:

as shown in fig. 2, the ambient light forms a complete inverted real image of an external object on the semitransparent plate B12 through the grating B21 and the convex lens B9, the size of the field of view can be controlled by adjusting the size of the light through hole in the center of the grating B21, and the field of view can be divided into two parts, namely a vertical part and a horizontal part according to actual needs. The smaller the focal length of the selected convex lens B9 is, the smaller the light through hole in the center of the grating B21 is, the larger the depth of field is, and the convex lens with short focal length is selected. The inverted real image is divided into three parts: street light and sky light, far distance car light and far-distance light that relatively come, closely to car light, from car ground reflection light and ground reflection sky light. The light barrier B12 allows only the short range oncoming vehicle light, the own vehicle floor reflected light, and the ground reflected skylight to pass therethrough, and the photodiode D18 receives the short range oncoming vehicle light, the own vehicle floor reflected light, and the ground reflected skylight. The distance between the photodiode D18 and the translucent plate B12 is adjusted to ensure that the photodiode D18 receives the light transmitted from each point on the translucent plate B12 that is not blocked by the light-blocking plate B16.

As shown in fig. 2, the diameter of the convex lens B9, the size of the light through hole in the center of the grating B21, the light transmittance of the semitransparent photosensitive plate B12 and the sensitivity of the photosensitive tube D18 are adjusted so that the reaction of the photosensitive tube D18 approaches the cut-off region when the minimum light intensity (when there is no street lamp or other lights at night, the light intensity of a distant vehicle facing away) before the probe vehicle; when the maximum useful light intensity (the ambient light intensity when switching between daytime and night, which is suitable for turning on the vehicle lights) is detected, the response of the photodiode D18 is close to the saturation region. The minimum light intensity in front of the vehicle and the useful maximum light intensity must be actually measured with the photoreceptor.

As shown in fig. 3, the ambient light forms a complete inverted real image of an external object on the semitransparent plate C13 through the grating C22 and the convex lens C10, the size of the field of view can be controlled by adjusting the size of the light through hole in the center of the grating C22, and the field of view can be divided into two parts, namely a vertical part and a horizontal part according to actual needs. The smaller the focal length of the selected convex lens C10 is, the smaller the light through hole in the center of the grating C22 is, the larger the depth of field is, and the convex lens with short focal length is selected. The inverted real image is divided into three parts: street light and sky light, far distance car light and far-distance light that relatively come, closely to car light, from car ground reflection light and ground reflection sky light. The light barrier C13 is used to allow only the farther distance opposite vehicle light and the farther distance light to pass through, and the photodiode E19 receives the farther distance opposite vehicle light and the farther distance light. The distance between the photodiode E19 and the translucent plate C13 is adjusted to ensure that the photodiode E19 receives the light transmitted from each point on the translucent plate C13 that is not blocked by the light blocking plate C16.

As shown in fig. 3, the diameter of the convex lens C10, the size of the light through hole at the center of the grating C22, the light transmittance of the translucent photosensitive plate C13 and the sensitivity of the photosensitive tube E19 are adjusted so that the reaction of the photosensitive tube E19 approaches the cut-off region when the minimum light intensity before the probe car is detected; when the maximum useful light intensity is detected, the reaction of the photodiode E19 is close to the saturation region. The minimum light intensity in front of the vehicle and the useful maximum light intensity must be actually measured with the photoreceptor.

As shown in fig. 4, the ambient light forms a complete inverted real image of an external object on the semitransparent plate D14 through the grating D23 and the convex lens D11, the size of the field of view can be controlled by adjusting the size of the light through hole in the center of the grating D23, and the field of view can be divided into two parts, namely a vertical part and a horizontal part according to actual needs. The smaller the focal length of the selected convex lens D11 is, the smaller the light through hole in the center of the grating D23 is, the larger the depth of field is, and the convex lens with short focal length is selected. The inverted real image is divided into three parts: street light and sky light, far distance car light and far-distance light that relatively come, closely to car light, from car ground reflection light and ground reflection sky light. The light barrier D14 is used to allow only the farther distance opposite vehicle light and the farther distance light to pass through, and the light sensitive tube F20 receives the farther distance opposite vehicle light and the farther distance light. The distance between the photodiode F20 and the translucent plate D14 is adjusted to ensure that the photodiode F20 receives the light transmitted from each point on the translucent plate D14 that is not blocked by the light blocking plate D17.

As shown in fig. 4, the diameter of the convex lens D11, the size of the light through hole at the center of the grating D23, the light transmittance of the translucent photosensitive plate D14 and the sensitivity of the photosensitive tube F20 are adjusted so that the reaction of the photosensitive tube F20 approaches the cut-off region when the minimum light intensity before the probe car is detected; the reaction of the photodiode F20 approaches the saturation region when detecting the maximum useful light intensity. The minimum light intensity in front of the vehicle and the useful maximum light intensity must be actually measured with the photoreceptor.

As shown in fig. 5, the voltage follower is used for stabilizing voltage, and performs shading processing on the photodiodes of the same type as the photodiode D18, the photodiode E19 and the photodiode F20, and is connected with the photodiode D18, the photodiode E19 and the photodiode F20 through a subtraction operator, so as to perform temperature compensation on the photodiode D18, the photodiode E19 and the photodiode F20, and finally output an electrical signal converted from the received light intensity. Different light intensities can lead the photosensitive tube to generate corresponding electric signals, and the size of the received light intensity can be judged according to the size of the electric signals.

The distance between the grating and the convex lens is small, and the grating and the convex lens can be tightly attached together. The partitioned photosensitive device needs to be provided with a light-shielding shell, so that only light at a viewing angle can enter the partitioned photosensitive device, and other light cannot enter the partitioned photosensitive device.

Selection of a photosensitive tube:

a photoresistor: its advantages are high sensitivity and low photoelectric reaction speed up to 100 ms.

Photodiode or phototransistor: its advantages are high reaction speed and low light sensitivity.

The photoresistor, the photosensitive diode and the phototriode are affected by temperature, and the photoresistor, the photosensitive diode and the phototriode are required to be used for temperature compensation of other photosensitive phototriodes after being subjected to shading treatment by the photosensitive tubes of the same type and number.