阅读说明：本技术 灭鼠剂 (Rodenticide ) 是由 G·博纳米奇 于 2020-03-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供了一种灭鼠剂,其包含以下提取物：欧洲七叶树、桂樱、毛地黄、草木犀、蓖麻、白柳、卵清蛋白和产黄青霉。(A rodenticide is provided, which comprises the following extracts: aesculus hippocastanum, Cherokee rose, Digitalis purpurea, sweet clover, castor bean, white willow, ovalbumin and Penicillium chrysogenum.)

1. A rodenticide characterized in that it comprises extracts from: aesculus hippocastanum, Cherokee rose, Digitalis purpurea, sweet clover, castor bean, white willow, ovalbumin and Penicillium chrysogenum.

2. The rodenticide of claim 1, wherein the content of the aesculus hippocastanum extract is substantially 10% to 5%; the content of the cherokee rose-hip extract is basically 1 to 0.5 percent; the rehmannia glutinosa extract is substantially 30% to 25%; the content of the sweet clover extract is basically 5 to 1 percent; the castor extract content is substantially less than 0.1%; the salix alba extract is substantially present in an amount of 5% to 1%; the egg white protein extract is substantially 5% to 1%; and said Penicillium chrysogenum extract is present in an amount of substantially 8% to 3%.

3. Rodenticide according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising belladonna extract.

4. A rodenticide according to the preceding claim, wherein the belladonna extract is present in an amount of substantially 5% to 1%.

5. Rodenticide according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising an extract from fucus.

6. A rodenticide according to the preceding claim, wherein the content of the fucus extract is substantially 20 to 10%.

7. Rodenticide according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the content of the Penicillium brevicornum extract is substantially 8% to 3% and the content of the Penicillium idiosyncrati extract is substantially 8% to 3%.

8. Rodenticide according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising compounds which are palatable to rodents.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to rodenticides of the type described in the preamble of the first claim.

In particular, the present invention relates to an insecticide for killing or eliminating the presence or action of rodents. In particular, the invention relates to an insecticide for mice, i.e. a rodenticide.

Background

Currently, rodenticides, especially rodenticides, are chemical substances, mainly based on thallium and zinc phosphide, which produce severe cytotoxicity, a substance that releases a large amount of highly toxic phosphine gas, which comes into contact with the gastric mucosa, affecting the brain, kidneys, heart and liver.

The described prior art includes some significant drawbacks.

In particular, the known rodenticides are not biodegradable and are therefore particularly durable. This results in severe contamination of the application areas and those areas adjacent to them.

This disadvantage is exacerbated by the high toxicity of rodenticides, which may have carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or teratogenic effects when contacted with plants or other animals. For this reason, the known rodenticides require strict administration protocols and, in particular for those with greater intensity, can only be used by qualified professionals.

Disclosure of Invention

In this context, the technical task of the present invention is to devise a rodenticide which is able to substantially overcome at least some of the above-mentioned disadvantages.

In the context of said technical task, an important object of the present invention is to obtain rodenticides which have a low environmental impact and are therefore easier to use.

This technical task and the specific objects are achieved by a rodenticide as claimed in the appended claim 1. Examples of preferred embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

In this document, measurements, values, shapes and geometric references (for example perpendicularity and parallelism), when associated with words such as "almost" or other similar terms such as "approximately" or "substantially", are understood to be excluded from measurement errors or inaccuracies due to manufacturing and/or fabrication errors, and most importantly, from slight deviations of the values, measurements, shapes or geometric references associated therewith. For example, if associated with a value, the terms preferably represent a deviation of no more than 10% of the value itself.

Unless otherwise indicated, the measurements and data provided herein are considered to be made in the ICAO international standard atmosphere (ISO 2533).

Detailed Description

The rodenticide according to the invention is designed to kill rodents, in particular mice, preferably mice and black rats. Thus, it is a rodenticide.

The rodenticide comprises one or more phytocomplexes suitably selected from: aesculus hippocastanum, Cherokee rose, Digitalis purpurea, sweet clover, belladonna, Ricinus communis, Salix alba and ovalbumin.

In particular, it comprises a hippocastanum extract, more particularly a hippocastanum seed extract.

The content of the extract of aesculus hippocastanum is substantially comprised between 20% and 5%, specifically between 15% and 5%, more specifically between 10% and 5%, even more specifically between 9% and 8%. It was substantially 8.6%.

The content of each component of the rodenticide is determined as the ratio of the weight of the component to the total weight of the rodenticide.

Aesculus hippocastanum extract can produce toxic effects in large and small mammals. They comprise escin which produces highly toxic effects in small mammals.

The Aesculus hippocastanum extract contains anti-thrombotic coumarin.

The aesculus hippocastanum extract contains glycosides.

The Aesculus hippocastanum extract contains acylated triterpenes, specifically protopanaxagenin, rhodamascol C, glucuronic acid, quercetin and vitamin (factor) P.

The rodenticide comprises fructus Rosae Laevigatae extract, specifically fructus Rosae Laevigatae leaf extract.

The content of the cherokee rose extract is about lower than that of the European horse chestnut extract. It is less than about 5%, specifically less than 2%, more specifically less than 1%. The content of the cherokee rose-hip extract is preferably substantially between 1% and/or 0.5%, suitably substantially 0.6%.

The Cherokee rose extract comprises lauroceras sin.

The cherokee rose extract contains hydrocyanic acid.

The rodenticide comprises extract of rehmannia glutinosa, specifically extract of rehmannia glutinosa leaves.

The content of the rehmannia glutinosa extract is higher than that of the Aesculus hippocastanum extract. It is between 40% and 10%, in particular between 30% and 20%, more in particular between 30% and 25%, even more in particular between 29% and 27%. The content of fructus Rosae Laevigatae extract is substantially 28.6%.

The extract of rehmannia glutinosa Libosch contains digitonin and/or digoxin.

These extracts include one or more, in particular all, of the following: a cardiotonic steroid comprising digitoxin, gitaloxygenin and gitaloxin; saponins including digitoside, gitonoside and tigonoside; a digitalis alkanol-glucoside comprising a digitalis hyposide and a tigifolein; including luteolin, ascorbic acid, citric acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid.

The rodenticide comprises extract of Melilotus officinalis, specifically Melilotus officinalis flower top extract.

The content of Melilotus officinalis extract is lower than that of Aesculus hippocastanum. It is substantially between 10% and 1%, specifically between 5% and 1%, more specifically between 4% and 2%, and even more specifically between 3% and 2.5%. The content of Melilotus officinalis extract is about 2.8%.

Sweet clover extract contains coumarin antagonists of the coagulation process.

The sweet clover extract contains sweet clover glycosides and/or coumarins.

The rodenticide comprises extract of Ricinus communis, specifically extract of Ricinus communis seed.

The content of the castor extract is lower than that of the European horse chestnut. It is less than about 1%, specifically less than 0.1%, more specifically less than 0.05%. The content of the castor extract is substantially 0.001%.

The castor extract contains glycoproteins, in particular ricin, ricinoleic acid and castor oil.

The rodenticide comprises Salix alba extract, specifically Salix alba bark extract.

The content of Salix alba extract is lower than that of Aesculus hippocastanum extract, preferably equal to that of Melilotus officinalis. It is approximately between 10% and 1%, specifically between 5% and 1%, more specifically between 4% and 2%, and even more specifically between 3% and 2.5%. The content of Salix alba extract is substantially 2.8%.

The salix alba extract comprises acetylsalicylic acid for blocking thromboxane a2 formation in platelets.

Rodenticides include ovalbumin, specifically an ovalbumin extract.

The ovalbumin content is lower than that of Aesculus hippocastanum extract, preferably equal to that of Melilotus officinalis. It is approximately between 10% and 1%, specifically between 5% and 1%, more specifically between 4% and 2%, and even more specifically between 3% and 2.5%. The egg white protein extract content was about 2.8%.

The egg white protein extract comprises plasma proteins.

The rodenticide may comprise belladonna extract, specifically belladonna leaf extract.

The belladonna extract is present in a lower amount than the Aesculus hippocastanum extract, preferably equal to the amount of Melilotus officinalis. It is approximately between 10% and 1%, specifically between 5% and 1%, more specifically between 4% and 2%, and even more specifically between 3% and 2.5%. The belladonna extract content is substantially 2.8%.

The belladonna extract comprises atropine, scopolamine and L-hyoscyamine.

The rodenticide comprises one or more fungi suitably selected from the group consisting of: aspergillus niger, Fucus vesiculosus and Penicillium preferably selected from Penicillium breve, Penicillium specialosum and Penicillium chrysogenum.

The rodenticide comprises a penicillium extract, and in particular, the content of penicillium extract is substantially between 40% and 15%, in particular between 35% and 20%, and more particularly between 30% and 25%.

The rodenticide comprises a penicillium extract, and in particular, the content of penicillium extract is substantially between 40% and 15%, in particular between 35% and 20%, and more particularly between 30% and 25%.

The content of Penicillium chrysogenum extract is lower than that of Aesculus hippocastanum. It is substantially between 10% and 1%, specifically between 8% and 3%, and more specifically between 6% and 4%.

The Penicillium chrysogenum extract comprises penicillin.

The Penicillium extracts may include Penicillium brevicornum extracts.

The content of the Penicillium bracteatum extract is lower than that of the Aesculus hippocastanum extract and suitably approximately equal to that of Penicillium chrysogenum. It is approximately between 10% and 1%, specifically between 8% and 3%, and more specifically between 6% and 4%.

The Penicillium brevicornum extract contains a macrolide and brefeldin.

The Penicillium extracts may include Penicillium idiosum extracts.

The content of the extract of penicillium specificum is lower than that of the extract of aesculus hippocastanum and suitably approximately equal to that of penicillium chrysogenum. It is substantially between 10% and 1%, specifically between 8% and 3%, and more specifically between 6% and 4%.

The Penicillium chrysogenum extract comprises a flavopenicillin antibiotic.

The rodenticide may include an extract of Fucus vesiculosus.

The content of Fucus vesiculosus extract is higher than that of Aesculus hippocastanum extract. It is substantially between 25% and 5%, specifically between 20% and 10%, and more specifically between 15% and 11%.

The fucus extract comprises alginic acid.

Finally, the rodenticide may comprise at least one compound which is palatable to rodents, particularly mice, more particularly mice and black rats.

Palatable compounds are liquid or preferably solid food products (e.g. milk, vegetables/fruits or meat) that attract rodents to make them wish to eat and/or drink and thus ingest the rodenticide.

The following are non-exhaustive examples of formulations of 35g rodenticide samples comprising, in addition to the at least one palatable compound, various extracts in the following amounts: 3g of Aesculus hippocastanum, 0.2g of Prunus cassiabarkeri, 10g of rehmannia glutinosa, 1g of Melilotus officinalis (suitably with 0.02g of Aspergillus niger), 0.003g of Ricinus communis, 1g of Salix alba, 1g of ovalbumin and 1.5g to 2g of Penicillium chrysogenum. Furthermore, it may comprise at least one, in particular all, of the following extracts: 1g belladonna, 4-5g fucus, 1.5-2g specific penicillium and 1.5-2g eupenicillium brevifolium.

The above extract (phytocomplex and/or fungi) can be obtained by drying and titration method of powder or by solvent extraction.

In some cases, they can be obtained by soxhlet reflux extraction, in particular using ultrasound or supercritical gases, with the addition of sulfur dioxide as solvent. Preferably, these extracts are obtained by the soxhlet reflux method using methanol. The process comprises fermenting and hydrolyzing the plant part (such as fruit, flower or leaf) from which the extract is to be obtained, adding yeast, suitably of the family saccharomyces (such as saccharomyces cerevisiae), preferably operating at pH7 for about 4 days; evaporating and centrifuging to remove the solvent from the solution obtained above; soxhlet extraction; methanol was removed by boiling point heating and extracted by evaporation.

The rodenticide according to the invention has important advantages.

In fact, the rodenticide to which the present invention relates is entirely biological, since its toxic agent is derived from plant extracts only.

Unlike known rodenticides, the rodenticide consists only of plant components and is therefore completely biodegradable and therefore has little environmental impact. Thus, the rodenticide can be used almost anywhere, since there is no risk of contamination in the application area and those areas adjacent thereto.

Another advantage is that such rodenticides do not require an administration regimen.

An important advantage is the high activity of the rodenticide, which is ensured by the specific combination of phytocomplex and fungi, as demonstrated by the studies of the inventors. In particular, this innovative combination of extracts confers a strong cardiovascular respiratory effect on the rodenticide, which leads to rapid death of the rodent.

In fact, the specific choice of the fungus and plant complex confers a very good biocidal effect on the rodenticide, which is achieved by a wide range of antibiotics contained therein, thus modifying the normal intestinal flora, inducing a significant reduction in vitamin K production, which in turn causes painless bleeding in the murine population, leading to death.

In particular, the cardiovascular effects (caused by the synergistic effect of extracts of Aesculus hippocastanum, Digitalis purpurea, Melilotus officinalis, Ricinus communis, Salix alba, ovalbumin and Penicillium chrysogenum, and, where appropriate, Aspergillus niger) combined with the respiratory effects (caused by extracts of Prunus cinnamomea, Ricinus communis, Fucus vesiculosus and Atropa belladonna) make the rodenticide very effective.

In fact, studies have shown that the extract of aesculus hippocastanum has a strong antithrombotic effect and inhibits vitamin K synthesis, resulting in acute internal bleeding.

The vitamin K function is synergistically assisted by sweet clover extract rich in coumarin (antagonist of blood coagulation process), and can block vitamin K synthesis.

Furthermore, the presence of aspergillus niger further enhances the effect of the sweet clover extract, prolonging the blood clotting time compared to blood clotting and vitamin K synthesis.

Bleeding effects of extracts of Aesculus hippocastanum and Melilotus officinalis are promoted by ovalbumin and appropriate extracts of Salix alba (by interfering with platelet function); and by digitoxin and digoxin-rich digitalis extract which causes acute forms of arrhythmia and cardiovascular blockade.

The cardiovascular effects of rodenticides are achieved by the red blood cell damaging castor extract which is rich in ricin. Due to the bleeding crisis, these blood cells are almost unable to deliver oxygen to the organs, severely stressing the respiratory system.

The tension of the respiratory system is exacerbated by cherokee rose extract, which, in addition to causing imbalance, convulsions and rapid loss of consciousness, also leads to respiratory arrest.

Changes may be made to the invention which fall within the scope of the inventive concept defined in the claims. All the details may be replaced with equivalent elements, and the scope of the invention includes all other materials, shapes and dimensions.