阅读说明：本技术 螺旋搅拌摩擦焊接装置及其使用方法 (Spiral friction stir welding device and using method thereof ) 是由 余爱武 齐海雁 石磊 程辉 皮刚 施祥玲 叶昱林 于 2021-08-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种螺旋搅拌摩擦焊接装置及其使用方法,包括内焊支撑装置、内焊搅拌头、外焊支撑装置及外焊搅拌头；所述内焊支撑装置和所述外焊支撑装置用于充当内、外搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的背部刚性支撑；所述内焊搅拌头和所述外焊搅拌头用于螺旋搅拌摩擦焊接待加工件。本发明用的内外支撑结构在筒段连续螺旋焊接成型过程中可为焊接部位提供动支撑,可实现筒段连续在线螺旋焊接。(The invention provides a spiral friction stir welding device and a using method thereof, wherein the spiral friction stir welding device comprises an inner welding supporting device, an inner welding stirring head, an outer welding supporting device and an outer welding stirring head; the inner welding supporting device and the outer welding supporting device are used as back rigid supports in the inner and outer friction stir welding processes; the inner welding stirring head and the outer welding stirring head are used for spirally stirring, rubbing and welding workpieces to be processed. The inner and outer support structures used by the invention can provide dynamic support for the welding part in the process of continuous spiral welding and forming of the cylinder section, and can realize continuous on-line spiral welding of the cylinder section.)

1. A spiral friction stir welding device is characterized by comprising an inner welding supporting device (1), an inner welding stirring head (2), an outer welding supporting device (3) and an outer welding stirring head (4);

the inner welding supporting device (1) and the outer welding supporting device (3) are used as back rigid supports in the inner and outer friction stir welding processes; the inner welding stirring head (2) and the outer welding stirring head (4) are used for spirally stirring and friction welding workpieces to be machined.

2. A method of using the helical friction stir welding apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

step 1: roll bending the aluminum alloy plate to form;

step 2: adjusting the inner welding supporting device (1) to a proper position;

and step 3: starting an inner welding head;

and 4, step 4: centering the stirring pin with the butt joint surface, and slowly inserting the stirring pin into the butt joint surface to achieve a proper welding depth;

and 5: starting a screw barrel delivery procedure;

step 6: the inner welding stirring head (2) and the inner welding supporting device (1) are subjected to fixed-point friction stir welding at fixed positions;

and 7: the formed inner welding seam moves forwards along with the delivery of the spiral cylinder, when the end part of the inner welding seam reaches the outer welding supporting device (3), the delivery procedure of the spiral cylinder is stopped, and the welding seam stops moving forwards;

and 8: keeping the welding state of the inner welding seam, and adjusting the outer welding supporting device (3) to a proper position;

and step 9: starting an external welding head;

step 10: after the stirring pin is aligned with the butt joint surface, the stirring pin is slowly inserted into the butt joint surface to achieve a proper welding depth;

step 11: starting the spiral drum delivery program again;

step 12: the inner welding and the outer welding are carried out simultaneously, full penetration welding seams are achieved, and double-sided spiral friction stir welding of the aluminum alloy cylinder section is achieved along with continuous forward propulsion of the welding seams.

3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner welding support (1) and the outer welding support (3) are radially movably arranged along a spiral cylinder.

4. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that a mutually staggered double-sided friction stir welding configuration is used.

5. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner welding support (1) and the outer welding support (3) are rotated continuously in fixed points during forward movement of the continuous forming of the screw cylinder.

6. Use according to claim 2, wherein in step 1, the initial butt-joint surface of the end of the aluminium alloy sheet is formed on the inside welding support (1).

7. The use method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the butt-joint surface gap meets the requirements of friction stir welding, and the outer circular surface of the internal welding supporting device (1) is kept in sufficient contact with the workpiece.

8. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that in step 3, the inner welding pin (2) is brought to a programmed rotational speed.

9. The use method according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the step 8, the outer circular surface of the outer welding support device (3) is kept in sufficient contact with the workpiece.

10. Use according to claim 2, characterised in that in step 9 the outer welding pin (4) is brought to a programmed rotational speed.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of spiral friction stir welding, in particular to a spiral friction stir welding device and a using method thereof, in particular to a spiral friction stir welding process method of an aluminum alloy cylinder section of a spacecraft,

background

At present, China is in the key stage of space station construction and deep space exploration, higher development requirements are provided for light weight and large bearing of an aircraft cabin structure in the field of space science, and the problems of complex structure, long development period, high cost, heavy structure and the like of a skin-stringer riveting structure adopted in a barrel section of an existing metal cabin are solved. Therefore, a batch, high-reliability, high-efficiency, low-cost, light-weight and large-bearing spacecraft large-diameter aluminum alloy cabin barrel section structure implementation method is urgently needed.

At the present stage, the domestic large-diameter aluminum alloy cylinder section is mainly obtained through a straight seam and circular seam fusion welding mode, although the method is mature, the welding seam is inevitable to have the defects of air holes, cracks, non-metal impurities and the like, the process procedure is complex, the consumption of consumables is high, the yield is low, the repair rate is high, the welding seam quality is difficult to guarantee, the leakage possibility of the product in the long-term use process is high, and the like, so that the on-orbit operation requirement of high reliability and long service life in the aerospace field is difficult to meet.

With the development of equipment technology, the spiral forming technology is more and more mature, and the application of friction stir welding technology in China is continuously mature, so that the spiral friction stir welding of the large-diameter aluminum alloy cylinder section becomes possible. Due to the advantages of the friction stir welding pipe in comparison with the welding pipe in the aspects of welding strength, precision, residual stress, welding efficiency and the like, the quality and the production efficiency of the large-diameter aluminum alloy cylinder section can be greatly improved by adopting the friction stir welding technology of the aluminum alloy spiral cylinder, the strategic significance is realized on the reliability and the long service life guarantee of the on-orbit operation of the aircraft in the field of space science, and great social influence and economic benefit are generated. However, the existing spiral friction stir welding method cannot realize continuous online spiral friction stir welding of the aluminum alloy cylinder section.

Patent document No. CN103240571A discloses a stirring friction welding method for forming aluminum and aluminum alloy spiral pipes, which mainly comprises the following steps that aluminum and aluminum alloy coiled materials are coiled into a pipe blank according to the angle of a preset spiral line; positioning and aligning the tube seam and supporting the formed tube blank against deformation using rotating rollers; and the pipe joints are welded by a friction stir welding method. However, the patent document still has the defect that the continuous online spiral friction stir welding of the aluminum alloy cylinder section cannot be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a spiral friction stir welding device and a using method thereof.

The spiral friction stir welding device comprises an inner welding supporting device, an inner welding stirring head, an outer welding supporting device and an outer welding stirring head;

the inner welding supporting device and the outer welding supporting device are used as back rigid supports in the inner and outer friction stir welding processes; the inner welding stirring head and the outer welding stirring head are used for spirally stirring, rubbing and welding workpieces to be processed.

The invention also provides a using method based on the spiral friction stir welding device, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: roll bending the aluminum alloy plate to form;

step 2: adjusting the inner welding supporting device to a proper position;

and step 3: starting an inner welding head;

and 4, step 4: centering the stirring pin with the butt joint surface, and slowly inserting the stirring pin into the butt joint surface to achieve a proper welding depth;

and 5: starting a screw barrel delivery procedure;

step 6: the inner welding stirring head and the inner welding supporting device are subjected to fixed-point friction stir welding at fixed positions;

and 7: the formed inner welding seam moves forwards along with the delivery of the spiral cylinder, when the end part of the inner welding seam reaches the outer welding supporting device, the delivery procedure of the spiral cylinder is stopped, and the welding seam stops moving forwards;

and 8: keeping the welding state of the inner welding seam, and adjusting the outer welding supporting device to a proper position;

and step 9: starting an external welding head;

step 10: after the stirring pin is aligned with the butt joint surface, the stirring pin is slowly inserted into the butt joint surface to achieve a proper welding depth;

step 11: starting the spiral drum delivery program again;

step 12: the inner welding and the outer welding are carried out simultaneously, full penetration welding seams are achieved, and double-sided spiral friction stir welding of the aluminum alloy cylinder section is achieved along with continuous forward propulsion of the welding seams.

Preferably, the inner welding supporting device and the outer welding supporting device are movably arranged along the radial direction of the spiral cylinder.

Preferably, a double-sided friction stir welding structure staggered with each other is adopted.

Preferably, the inner welding supporting device and the outer welding supporting device continuously rotate at fixed points in the forward moving process of continuous forming of the spiral cylinder.

Preferably, in the step 1, the initial butt joint surface of the end of the aluminum alloy plate is formed on the inner welding supporting device.

Preferably, in the step 2, the gap between the butting surfaces meets the requirement of friction stir welding, and the outer circular surface of the internal welding supporting device is kept in sufficient contact with the workpiece.

Preferably, in the step 3, the inner welding stirring head is set to a rotation speed set by a program.

Preferably, in the step 8, the outer circular surface of the outer welding supporting device is kept in sufficient contact with the workpiece.

Preferably, in the step 9, the outer welding stirring head is set to a rotation speed set by a program.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the large-diameter cylinder section spiral friction stir welding forming process method adopted by the invention can effectively meet the development requirement of light weight and large bearing of the cylinder section structure of the spacecraft cabin body, and effectively solves the problems of complex structure, long development period, high cost, heavy structure and the like of the existing skin and stringer type riveting structure adopted by the cylinder section of the metal cabin body;

2. the friction stir welding is a novel solid state welding technology, can effectively avoid metallurgical defects generated in a fusion welding process, and has the advantages of high welding efficiency, low input cost, high welding seam quality and the like;

3. the double-side supporting device has the advantages that the double-side supporting device is structurally designed, so that the back rigid support in the inner and outer friction stir welding process is effectively used, the requirements of friction stir welding on the back supporting force and the effective supporting area of a workpiece are met, the continuous dynamic welding of the aluminum alloy spiral cylinder is guaranteed, the welding of the aluminum alloy spiral cylinder with any length under only one welding line can be realized, and the complex production process of splicing a straight seam and a circular seam after the traditional flat plate is formed by roll bending is avoided;

4. according to the double-sided friction stir welding process, on one hand, full penetration of a thick plate can be realized; on the other hand, the back supporting wheel can be prevented from being damaged due to overlarge press-in amount of the stirring head when the thick plate is subjected to single-side welding; meanwhile, the softening and abrasion caused by too long working depth of the stirring pin in the process of single-side welding of the thick plate can be effectively avoided, and the service life of the stirring head is prolonged.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the method of using the helical friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the spiral friction stir welding device provided by the present invention comprises an inner welding support device 1, an inner welding pin 2, an outer welding support device 3, and an outer welding pin 4;

the inner welding supporting device 1 and the outer welding supporting device 3 are used as back rigid supports in the inner and outer friction stir welding processes; the inner welding stirring head 2 and the outer welding stirring head 4 are used for spirally stirring and friction welding workpieces to be processed.

The invention also provides a using method based on the spiral friction stir welding device, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: roll-bending an aluminum alloy plate to form, and forming an initial butt joint surface at the end part of the aluminum alloy plate on the inner welding supporting device 1;

step 2: adjusting the internal welding supporting device 1 to a proper position, wherein the gap of the butt joint surface meets the requirements of friction stir welding, and the outer circular surface of the internal welding supporting device 1 is in full contact with a workpiece;

and step 3: starting the inner welding head to enable the inner welding stirring head 2 to reach the rotating speed set by the program;

and 4, step 4: centering the stirring pin with the butt joint surface, and slowly inserting the stirring pin into the butt joint surface to achieve a proper welding depth;

and 5: starting a screw barrel delivery procedure;

step 6: the inner welding stirring head 2 and the inner welding supporting device 1 are subjected to fixed-point friction stir welding at fixed positions;

and 7: the formed inner welding seam moves forwards along with the delivery of the spiral cylinder, when the end part of the inner welding seam reaches the outer welding supporting device 3, the delivery procedure of the spiral cylinder is stopped, and the welding seam stops moving forwards;

and 8: keeping the welding state of the inner welding seam, adjusting the outer welding supporting device 3 to a proper position, and keeping the outer circular surface of the outer welding supporting device 3 in full contact with the workpiece;

and step 9: starting the external welding head to enable the external welding stirring head 4 to reach the rotating speed set by the program;

step 10: after the stirring pin is aligned with the butt joint surface, the stirring pin is slowly inserted into the butt joint surface to achieve a proper welding depth;

step 11: starting the spiral drum delivery program again;

step 12: the inner welding and the outer welding are carried out simultaneously, full penetration welding seams are achieved, and double-sided spiral friction stir welding of the aluminum alloy cylinder section is achieved along with continuous forward propulsion of the welding seams.

In the method, an inner welding supporting device 1 and an outer welding supporting device 3 are movably arranged along the radial direction of the spiral cylinder. The method adopts a staggered double-sided friction stir welding structure. The inner welding supporting device 1 and the outer welding supporting device 3 continuously rotate at fixed points in the forward moving process of the continuous forming of the spiral cylinder.

Example 1:

a spiral friction stir welding process method for an aluminum alloy cylinder section of a spacecraft is disclosed, and particularly relates to a method for realizing spiral double-sided friction stir welding of the aluminum alloy cylinder section of the spacecraft.

The realization principle is as follows: after the aluminum alloy plate is formed by roll bending and the initial butt joint surface of the end part is formed on the internal welding supporting device, the internal welding supporting device is adjusted to a proper position, the butt joint surface gap is ensured to meet the requirements of friction stir welding and the outer circular surface of the internal welding supporting device is kept in full contact with a workpiece, then the internal welding head is started, the internal welding head is enabled to reach the rotating speed set by a program, after the stirring pin is centered with the butt joint surface, the stirring pin is slowly inserted into the butt joint surface to reach a proper welding depth, and a spiral cylinder delivery program is started. At the moment, the inner welding stirring head and the inner welding supporting device carry out fixed-point friction stir welding at fixed positions, the formed inner welding seam moves forwards along with delivery of the spiral cylinder, when the end part of the inner welding seam reaches the outer welding supporting device, the spiral cylinder delivery program is stopped, the welding seam stops moving forwards, the welding state of the inner welding seam is kept at the moment, the outer welding supporting device is adjusted to a proper position, the outer circular surface of the outer welding supporting device is ensured to be fully contacted with a workpiece, the outer welding head is started, the outer welding stirring head reaches the rotating speed set by the program, after centering of the stirring pin and the butt joint surface is completed, the stirring pin is slowly inserted into the butt joint surface to reach a proper welding depth, the spiral cylinder delivery program is started again, and at the moment, the inner welding and the outer welding are carried out simultaneously, and a full penetration welding seam can be achieved. With the continuous forward propulsion of the welding seam, the double-sided spiral friction stir welding of the aluminum alloy cylinder section is realized.

The adoption can follow interior welding strutting arrangement and the outer strutting arrangement structure that welds with adjustable spiral cylinder radial distance, can effectively act as the back rigid support of inside and outside friction stir welding in-process, has guaranteed friction stir welding to work piece back holding power and effective area of support's demand. By adopting a staggered double-sided friction stir welding structure (firstly performing inner welding and then performing outer welding), on one hand, full penetration of the thick plate can be realized; on the other hand, the back supporting wheel can be prevented from being damaged due to overlarge press-in amount of the stirring head when the thick plate is subjected to single-side welding; meanwhile, the softening and abrasion caused by too long welding depth of the stirring pin in the process of single-side welding of the thick plate can be effectively avoided, and the service life of the stirring head is prolonged. The inner welding supporting device and the outer welding supporting device can rotate continuously at fixed points in the forward moving process of continuous forming of the spiral cylinder, and continuous online welding of the spiral cylinder can be realized.

The method can realize the spiral friction stir welding forming of the large-diameter spacecraft aluminum alloy cylinder section, and the method adopts the internal and external welding movable supporting structure which can be adjusted along the radial distance of the spiral cylinder section, can effectively serve as the back rigid support in the internal and external friction stir welding process, and ensures the requirements of friction stir welding on the back supporting force and the effective supporting area of the workpiece. The method adopts a staggered double-sided friction stir welding structure (inner welding and outer welding), on one hand, full penetration welding of the thick plate can be realized, on the other hand, the back supporting device can be prevented from being damaged due to overlarge press-in amount of the stirring head during single-sided welding of the thick plate, softening and abrasion caused by too long welding depth of the stirring needle during the single-sided welding of the thick plate can be effectively avoided, and the service life of the stirring head is prolonged. The inner and outer supporting structures adopted by the method can provide dynamic support for the welding part in the process of continuous spiral welding and forming of the cylinder section, and continuous online spiral welding of the cylinder section can be realized.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.