阅读说明：本技术 路用秸秆纤维制备用的秸秆皮瓤叶分离装置 (Straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device for preparing straw fibers for road ) 是由 张亮 程铭 周秋红 易军艳 陈梓宁 张平 张艳 徐宝栋 顾太福 裴忠实 周雯怡 于 2021-09-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：路用秸秆纤维制备用的秸秆皮瓤叶分离装置,本发明属于道路工程领域,它为了解决现有分离秸秆皮瓤叶效率低,对于皮的分离不彻底,机械结构复杂的问题。本发明路用秸秆纤维制备用的秸秆皮瓤叶分离装置中沿着秸秆的进给方向依次设置有喂入装置、除叶装置、夹持运送装置、切割展开装置和刮瓤装置形成一组分离装置,在机架上设置有多组分离装置,喂入装置包括固定辊和夹持件,除叶装置中包括刮刀,夹持运送装置包括转动辊和推送件,切割展开装置包括切割刀和展开板,展开板位于切割刀后部,展开板呈左右展开状,刮瓤装置包括前刮刀和后刮刀。本发明秸秆皮瓤叶分离装置中喂入装置和夹持运送装置提供向前的动力,皮瓤叶分离彻底。(The invention discloses a straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device for preparing straw fibers, belongs to the field of road engineering, and aims to solve the problems that the existing straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device is low in efficiency, incomplete in skin separation and complex in mechanical structure. The invention discloses a device for separating skin and pulp from straw and leaves for preparing straw fibers, which is characterized in that a feeding device, a leaf removing device, a clamping and conveying device, a cutting and unfolding device and a pulp scraping device are sequentially arranged in the straw skin and pulp separating device for preparing the straw fibers along the feeding direction of the straw to form a group of separating devices, a multi-component separating device is arranged on a rack, the feeding device comprises a fixed roller and a clamping piece, the leaf removing device comprises a scraper, the clamping and conveying device comprises a rotating roller and a pushing piece, the cutting and unfolding device comprises a cutting knife and an unfolding plate, the unfolding plate is positioned at the rear part of the cutting knife and is in a left-right unfolding shape, and the pulp scraping device comprises a front scraper and a rear scraper. The feeding device and the clamping and conveying device in the straw skin-pulp-leaf separating device provide forward power, and the skin, pulp and leaves are thoroughly separated.)

1. The device is characterized by comprising a machine frame, a feeding device, a leaf removing device, a cutting and unfolding device, a clamping and conveying device and a conveying belt (12), wherein the feeding device, the leaf removing device, the clamping and conveying device, the cutting and unfolding device and the pulp scraping device are sequentially arranged along the feeding direction of straws to form a group of separating devices, and the machine frame is provided with a multi-component separating device;

the feeding device comprises a fixed roller (1) and a clamping piece (2), the feeding device is installed on a supporting plate (3), a first sliding groove (4) is formed in the supporting plate (3) in the transverse direction, the clamping piece (2) slides in the first sliding groove (4), a plurality of springs are arranged on the lower portion of the supporting plate (3), one ends of the springs are fixed on the supporting plate (3), the other ends of the springs are connected with the clamping piece (2), and a rotating shaft (5) of the fixed roller (1) is fixed on the supporting plate (3);

the leaf removing device consists of a first leaf removing roller (7) and a second leaf removing roller (8) which are identical in structure, the first leaf removing roller (7) and the second leaf removing roller (8) are arranged oppositely, and a plurality of scrapers (6) with notch cutting edges are arranged on the first leaf removing roller (7) along the radial direction;

the clamping and conveying device comprises a rotating roller (9-1), a pushing member (9-2), a connecting plate (9-3) and a second sliding groove (9-4), the connecting plate (9-3) is located between the leaf removing device and the cutting and unfolding device, the second sliding groove (9-4) is formed in the transverse direction of the connecting plate (9-3), the pushing member (9-2) slides in the second sliding groove (9-4), the rotating roller (9-1) and the pushing member (9-2) are oppositely arranged, a plurality of spring parts are arranged on the lower portion of the connecting plate (9-3), one ends of the spring parts are fixed on the connecting plate (9-3), the other ends of the spring parts are connected with the pushing member (9-2), and a rotating shaft of the rotating roller (9-1) is fixed on the connecting plate (9-3);

the cutting and unfolding device and the pulp scraping device are positioned above the conveyor belt (12), the cutting and unfolding device comprises a cutting knife (10) and an unfolding plate (11), the unfolding plate (11) is positioned at the rear part of the cutting knife (10), and the unfolding plate (11) is in a left-right unfolding shape;

the pulp scraping device comprises a front scraper (13) and a rear scraper (14), the front scraper (13) and the rear scraper (14) are arranged in front of and behind, and the front scraper (13) and the rear scraper (14) are in obtuse angle structures.

2. The device for separating the peel, pulp and leaves of straw used for preparing road straw fiber according to claim 1, wherein the surfaces of the fixed roller (1) and the clamping member (2) are coated with high-elasticity rubber.

3. The straw peel, pulp and leaf separating device for road use straw fiber preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the first de-leaf roller (7) is provided with 5 scrapers (6) along the radial direction.

4. The device for separating the peel, pulp and leaves of straw used for preparing straw fiber according to claim 3, wherein the scraper (6) is provided with a quadrangular notch blade (6-1).

5. The device for separating the peel, pulp and leaves of straw used for preparing straw fiber according to claim 1, wherein a leaf collecting groove is arranged below the leaf removing device.

6. The straw peel, pulp and leaf separating device for road use straw fiber preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting knife (10) and the spreader plate (11) are spaced 3-4mm from the lower conveyor belt (12).

7. The straw peel, pulp and leaf separating device for road use straw fiber preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that a right-angle baffle (15) is arranged in front of the front scraper (13).

8. The straw peel, pulp and leaf separating device for road use straw fiber preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that a pulp collecting groove is arranged below the conveyor belt (12).

9. The device for separating the peel, pulp and leaves of the straw for preparing the road straw fiber according to claim 1, wherein 4-6 groups of separating devices are arranged on a machine frame.

10. The straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device for road use straw fiber preparation according to claim 1, wherein an inlet (16) is provided at the front end of each group of separating devices, and an outlet (17) is provided at the rear end of each group of separating devices.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of road engineering, and particularly relates to a device for completely stripping straw skins from corn straws.

Background

With the increasing of the grain yield in China, the yield of the straws increases in each harvest season, including nearly 2.6 hundred million tons of corn straws. The method for processing corn commonly used at present is that a part of straws are used as feed and fertilizer and fermented into new energy sources such as biogas and the like, a small part of straws are subjected to extraction of different components after separation, more straws are incinerated and buried, and the amount of straws which can be recycled is less than 40%, so that not only energy sources are wasted, but also the environment is polluted.

The straw contains cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and other components, the straw fiber has strong tensile effect, and researches show that the straw fiber is added, so that the pavement performance of the asphalt mixture is improved. If the straw fiber is applied to pavement materials, the service life of a road can be prolonged, the engineering construction cost is reduced, and the requirement of environmental protection can be met.

One of the very important reasons that the straw cannot be recycled efficiently is that the leaves, the peel and the pulp of the straw are not separated. Due to the difference of the diameter sizes of the straws, the currently developed machinery has insufficient power for forward conveying, so that the separation of the three parts of the skin, the pulp and the leaves is not thorough.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device for preparing straw fibers for roads, which aims to solve the problems of low efficiency, incomplete separation of skins and complex mechanical structure of the existing straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device.

The invention discloses a straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device for preparing straw fibers, which comprises a frame, a feeding device, a leaf removing device, a cutting and unfolding device, a clamping and conveying device and a conveying belt, wherein the feeding device, the leaf removing device, the clamping and conveying device, the cutting and unfolding device and the pulp scraping device are sequentially arranged along the feeding direction of straws to form a group of separating devices, and the frame is provided with a multi-component separating device;

the feeding device comprises a fixed roller and a clamping piece, the feeding device is arranged on a supporting plate, a first sliding groove is formed in the supporting plate in the transverse direction, the clamping piece slides in the first sliding groove, a plurality of springs are arranged on the lower portion of the supporting plate, one ends of the springs are fixed on the supporting plate, the other ends of the springs are connected with the clamping piece, and a rotating shaft of the fixed roller is fixed on the supporting plate;

the leaf removing device consists of a first leaf removing roller and a second leaf removing roller which are identical in structure, the first leaf removing roller and the second leaf removing roller are arranged oppositely, and the first leaf removing roller is provided with a plurality of scrapers with notch cutting edges along the radial direction;

the clamping and conveying device comprises a rotating roller, a pushing member, a connecting plate and a second sliding groove, the connecting plate is positioned between the leaf removing device and the cutting and unfolding device, the second sliding groove is formed in the transverse direction of the connecting plate, the pushing member slides in the second sliding groove, the rotating roller and the pushing member are arranged oppositely, a plurality of spring parts are arranged on the lower portion of the connecting plate, one ends of the spring parts are fixed on the connecting plate, the other ends of the spring parts are connected with the pushing member, and a rotating shaft of the rotating roller is fixed on the connecting plate;

the cutting and unfolding device and the pulp scraping device are positioned above the conveying belt, the cutting and unfolding device comprises a cutting knife and an unfolding plate, the unfolding plate is positioned at the rear part of the cutting knife, and the unfolding plate is in a left-right unfolding shape;

the pulp scraping device comprises a front scraper and a rear scraper, the front scraper and the rear scraper are arranged in a front-back mode, and the front scraper and the rear scraper are of an obtuse angle structure.

The feeding device and the clamping and conveying device are similar in structure, the feeding device and the clamping and conveying device mainly play a role in fixing the position of the straw besides providing forward power, and the feeding device and the clamping and conveying device comprise an upper direction, a lower direction, a left direction and a right direction, so that the three parts of the skin, the pulp and the leaves can be accurately separated. The conveyer belt not only can provide the power that the straw transported forward, can also prevent that the flesh that preceding scraper struck off from getting into the cutting and unfolding the device with the effect of baffle double insurance down, influences the normal operating of device.

The straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device for preparing the straw fiber for the road disclosed by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the feeding roller gap can change along with the change of the diameter size of the straws, and the feeding gap is enlarged while a certain clamping force is kept to push the straws forwards.

2. The device can carry out the separation of straw skin pulp leaf simultaneously in the multichannel, improves feeding efficiency.

3. In the device, two steps of cutting and unfolding are continuously carried out and combined into a structure, so that the mechanical structure is simplified, and materials are saved;

4. the straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device is applied to thoroughly separate the skin, pulp and leaves of the straw, and the separating effect is good.

The invention improves the defects of the prior device by using the straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device for preparing the straw fiber, and separates and recovers the leaf and pulp structures while accurately separating the skins of the providing part of the straw fiber.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a straw skin, pulp and leaves separating device for preparing straw fiber according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutting and spreading device and a pulp scraping device on a conveyer belt;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the feed apparatus;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the leaf removing device.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows: the straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device for preparing the straw fibers comprises a machine frame, a feeding device, a leaf removing device, a cutting and unfolding device, a clamping and conveying device, a scraper and a conveying belt 12, wherein the feeding device, the leaf removing device, the clamping and conveying device, the cutting and unfolding device and the pulp scraping device are sequentially arranged along the feeding direction of the straws to form a group of separating devices, and the machine frame is provided with a multi-component separating device;

the feeding device comprises a fixed roller 1 and a clamping piece 2, the feeding device is installed on a supporting plate 3, a first sliding groove 4 is formed in the supporting plate 3 in the transverse direction, the clamping piece 2 slides in the first sliding groove 4, a plurality of springs are arranged on the lower portion of the supporting plate 3, one ends of the springs are fixed on the supporting plate 3, the other ends of the springs are connected with the clamping piece 2, and a rotating shaft 5 of the fixed roller 1 is fixed on the supporting plate 3;

the leaf removing device consists of a first leaf removing roller 7 and a second leaf removing roller 8 which have the same structure, the first leaf removing roller 7 and the second leaf removing roller 8 are oppositely arranged, and the first leaf removing roller 7 is radially provided with a plurality of scrapers 6 with notch cutting edges;

the clamping and conveying device comprises a rotating roller 9-1, a pushing member 9-2, a connecting plate 9-3 and a second sliding groove 9-4, the connecting plate 9-3 is positioned between the leaf removing device and the cutting and unfolding device, the second sliding groove 9-4 is formed in the connecting plate 9-3 in the transverse direction, the pushing member 9-2 slides in the second sliding groove 9-4, the rotating roller 9-1 and the pushing member 9-2 are oppositely arranged, a plurality of spring members are arranged on the lower portion of the connecting plate 9-3, one end of each spring member is fixed on the connecting plate 9-3, the other end of each spring member is connected with the pushing member 9-2, and a rotating shaft of the rotating roller 9-1 is fixed on the connecting plate 9-3;

the cutting and unfolding device and the pulp scraping device are positioned above the conveying belt 12, the cutting and unfolding device comprises a cutting knife 10 and an unfolding plate 11, the unfolding plate 11 is positioned at the rear part of the cutting knife 10, and the unfolding plate 11 is in a left-right unfolding shape;

the pulp scraping device comprises a front scraper 13 and a rear scraper 14, the front scraper 13 and the rear scraper 14 are arranged in front of each other, and the front scraper 13 and the rear scraper 14 are in an obtuse angle structure.

The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is that the surfaces of the fixed roller 1 and the clamping member 2 are coated with high elastic rubber.

The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that the first de-bladed roll 7 is provided with 5 blades 6 in the radial direction.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is that the doctor blade 6 is provided with a quadrangular notch blade 6-1.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural view of the doctor blade of the present embodiment.

The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is that a leaf-collecting groove is provided below the leaf-removing device.

This embodiment is received the leaf groove and is used for collecting the straw leaf, receives the leaf groove and for extracting the structure, conveniently takes out the leaf of scraping, receives the leaf groove and link up whole frame along transversely.

The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is that the cutting knife 10 and the spreader plate 11 are spaced 3-4mm from the lower conveyor belt 12.

The seventh embodiment: this embodiment differs from one of the first to sixth embodiments in that a right angle baffle 15 is provided in front of the front scraper 13.

The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that a pulp receiving groove is provided below the conveyor belt 12.

The pulp collecting groove is used for collecting straw pulp and transversely penetrates through the whole rack.

The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment is different from the first to eighth embodiments in that 4 to 6 sets of separation devices are provided on a rack.

The detailed implementation mode is ten: this embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that an inlet 16 is provided at the front end of each set of separating means and an outlet 17 is provided at the rear end of the separating means.

Example (b): the device for separating the skin, pulp and leaves of the straws for preparing the straw fibers comprises a frame, a feeding device, a leaf removing device, a cutting and unfolding device, a clamping and conveying device and a conveying belt 12, wherein the feeding device, the leaf removing device, the clamping and conveying device, the cutting and unfolding device and the pulp scraping device are sequentially arranged along the feeding direction of the corn straws to form a group of separating devices, and 5 groups of separating devices are arranged on the frame;

the feeding device comprises a fixed roller 1 and a clamping piece 2, the feeding device is installed on a supporting plate 3, a first sliding groove 4 is formed in the supporting plate 3 in the transverse direction, the clamping piece 2 slides in the first sliding groove 4, a plurality of springs are arranged on the lower portion of the supporting plate 3, the number of the springs is the same as that of the feeding device, one ends of the springs are fixed on the supporting plate 3, the other ends of the springs are connected with the clamping piece 2, and a rotating shaft 5 of the fixed roller 1 is fixed on the supporting plate 3;

the leaf removing device consists of a first leaf removing roller 7 and a second leaf removing roller 8 which have the same structure, the first leaf removing roller 7 and the second leaf removing roller 8 are oppositely arranged, and the first leaf removing roller 7 is radially provided with 5 scrapers 6 with quadrangular notch cutting edges;

the clamping and conveying device comprises a rotating roller 9-1, a pushing member 9-2, a connecting plate 9-3 and a second sliding groove 9-4, the connecting plate 9-3 is positioned between the leaf removing device and the cutting and unfolding device, the second sliding groove 9-4 is formed in the connecting plate 9-3 in the transverse direction, the pushing member 9-2 slides in the second sliding groove 9-4, the rotating roller 9-1 and the pushing member 9-2 are oppositely arranged, a plurality of spring members are arranged on the lower portion of the connecting plate 9-3, the number of the spring members is the same as that of the clamping and conveying device, one end of each spring member is fixed on the connecting plate 9-3, the other end of each spring member is connected with the pushing member 9-2, and a rotating shaft of the rotating roller 9-1 is fixed on the connecting plate 9-3;

the cutting and unfolding device and the pulp scraping device are positioned above the conveying belt 12, the cutting and unfolding device and the lower conveying belt are spaced by 3-4mm, the cutting and unfolding device comprises a cutting knife 10 and an unfolding plate 11, the unfolding plate 11 is positioned at the rear part of the cutting knife 10, the unfolding plate 11 is in a left-right arc unfolding shape, the feeding end of the straw is cut by the cutting knife 10, the straw is unfolded along an arc line of the unfolding plate after being cut, the cut straw is spread on the conveying belt 12 in a split mode, and the straw is pushed to the pulp scraping device under the combined action of the conveying belt 12 and the clamping conveying device;

scrape the flesh device and include preceding scraper 13 and back scraper 14, the bottom of preceding scraper 13 and back scraper 14 has the cutting edge, preceding scraper 13 is apart from conveyer belt 2-3mm, back scraper 14 is apart from conveyer belt 1-2mm, arrange around preceding scraper 13 and the back scraper 14, preceding scraper 13 is obtuse angle structure with back scraper 14, scrape the inside flesh of flesh device secondary clearance straw, make the comparatively inseparable skin of bonding and flesh thoroughly separate, the whole obtuse angle shape that is of sword, the obtuse angle sword is favorable to making the flesh drop to following receipts flesh groove, fly into the cutting expansion device for preventing the straw flesh of scraping, hinder its operation, set up right angle baffle 15 in scraper the place ahead, the device below sets up one and receives the flesh groove, be used for collecting the straw flesh.

The application process of the straw skin, pulp and leaf separating device for preparing the straw fiber in the embodiment is as follows:

firstly, insert the maize straw to feeding device from the feed inlet, according to the thickness difference of maize straw, but the spring automatically regulated decrement to rely on the elasticity of spring accurate, firm centre gripping maize straw, convey the maize straw forward to the defoliation device through the rotation of fixed roll and carry out the defoliation. The leaf removing function mainly depends on the action of a rotary scraper to scrape off or tear off leaves outside the corn straws, and the separated leaves fall into a leaf collecting groove below for recycling; when the leather is conveyed forwards to the clamping and conveying device under the rotating action of the fixed roller of the feeding device, the forward conveying power is provided by the feeding device and the clamping and conveying device. After the corn stalks are continuously conveyed to the conveying belt, forward conveying acting force is provided by the three parts together, sufficient power is ensured, and the corn stalks can smoothly pass through acting force generated by the following cutting, flattening and the like. The cutting knife cuts the corn straws from the middle lower part to the upper part of the corn straws, the cut parts are flattened under the action of the expansion plate (arc plate), and the corn straws are also rolled to a certain degree when being flattened, so that the corn straws smoothly pass through the baffle. After passing through the baffle, most pulp can be scraped by the front scraper, the pulp which is not thoroughly separated on the skin can be thoroughly scraped under the action of the rear scraper, and the separated pulp falls down from the conveyer belt to the pulp collecting groove right below for recycling treatment. Finally, the corn straw separated by the removed leaves and pulp is output from a discharge port.

This embodiment enables the thorough separation of straw skin pulp leaf with the straw skin pulp leaf separator that straw fibre preparation was used, and can the multichannel carry out the separation of straw skin pulp leaf simultaneously, has improved separation efficiency.