阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于城市的直膨式pvt热泵系统及其运行方法 (Direct-expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for city and operation method thereof ) 是由 寿春晖 彭浩 代彦军 纪培栋 王静毅 邬荣敏 沈曲 姚剑 赵耀 于 2021-09-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及适用于城市的直膨式PVT热泵系统,包括PVT集热系统、热泵系统、水循环系统和控制系统；所述PVT集热系统包括PVT集热器、第一膨胀阀、膨胀阀控制器和逆变器；所述热泵系统包括风冷换热器、四通换向阀、气液分离器、压缩机、冷凝器和储液罐；所述水循环系统,包括水箱和燃气锅炉；所述控制系统,包括控制器、PVT蒸发器背板处温度传感器、电流传感器和水箱出口温度传感器。本发明的有益效果是：本发明的PVT集热器尺寸符合市场主流光伏组件尺寸,运用更加灵活；缓冲层的添加、换热器中缝的设计减缓了PVT集热器的形变,增强了组件耐候性；针对大面积集热器,分块化的设计减缓了PVT集热器长度方向上的形变。(The invention relates to a direct-expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for a city, which comprises a PVT heat collecting system, a heat pump system, a water circulation system and a control system; the PVT heat collecting system comprises a PVT heat collector, a first expansion valve, an expansion valve controller and an inverter; the heat pump system comprises an air-cooled heat exchanger, a four-way reversing valve, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a condenser and a liquid storage tank; the water circulation system comprises a water tank and a gas boiler; the control system comprises a controller, a temperature sensor at the back plate of the PVT evaporator, a current sensor and a water tank outlet temperature sensor. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the PVT heat collector has the size which accords with the size of a mainstream photovoltaic component in the market and is more flexible to use; the deformation of the PVT heat collector is slowed down by the addition of the buffer layer and the design of the middle seam of the heat exchanger, and the weather resistance of the assembly is enhanced; aiming at a large-area heat collector, the deformation of the PVT heat collector in the length direction is slowed down by the block design.)

1. The utility model provides a formula PVT heat pump system directly expands suitable for city which characterized in that: the system comprises a PVT heat collection system, a heat pump system, a water circulation system and a control system;

the PVT heat collecting system comprises a PVT heat collector (1), a first expansion valve (4), an expansion valve controller (5) and an inverter (6); the PVT heat collector (1) is composed of a synergistic coating (54), a transparent protective layer (55), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) glue (56), a photovoltaic cell (57), EVA glue (58), a back plate (59), a buffer layer (60) and a second heat exchanger (61) from top to bottom in sequence; the PVT heat collector (1) is connected with a first expansion valve (4) and an expansion valve controller (5); the PVT heat collector (1) is connected with an inverter (6);

the heat pump system comprises an air-cooled heat exchanger (7), a four-way reversing valve (14), a gas-liquid separator (11), a compressor (12), a condenser (18) and a liquid storage tank (19); the eighth electromagnetic valve (22) is connected with an inlet of the PVT heat collecting system, an outlet of the PVT heat collecting system is sequentially connected with the first electromagnetic valve (8) and the four-way reversing valve (14), the four-way reversing valve (14) is sequentially connected with the gas-liquid separator (11) and the compressor (12), the four-way reversing valve (14) is further connected with the fifth electromagnetic valve (16), the fifth electromagnetic valve (16) is connected with the condenser (18), the condenser (18) is connected with the liquid storage tank (19), the liquid storage tank (19) is divided into a path a and a path b, the path a is provided with the fifteenth electromagnetic valve (53) and the third expansion valve (52), the path a and the path b are commonly connected with the first heat exchanger (51), the first heat exchanger (51) is respectively connected with the seventh electromagnetic valve (21) and the second expansion valve (20), the seventh electromagnetic valve (21) is connected with the eighth electromagnetic valve (22), the second expansion valve (20) is connected with the ninth electromagnetic valve (23), and the ninth electromagnetic valve (23) is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger (7), the air-cooled heat exchanger (7) is sequentially connected with a second electromagnetic valve (9) and a four-way reversing valve (14), the four-way reversing valve (14) is connected with a fourth electromagnetic valve (13), the fourth electromagnetic valve (13) is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger (7), the air-cooled heat exchanger (7) is sequentially connected with an eleventh electromagnetic valve (25) and a condenser (18), the condenser (18) is sequentially connected with a sixth electromagnetic valve (17) and the four-way reversing valve (14), the four-way reversing valve (14) is connected with a third electromagnetic valve (10), the third electromagnetic valve (10) is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger (7), the air-cooled heat exchanger (7) is sequentially connected with a tenth electromagnetic valve (24) and a second expansion valve (20), and the first heat exchanger (51) is connected with the compressor (12) through a fourth one-way valve (48);

the water circulation system comprises a water tank (37) and a gas boiler (45); a third valve (36) at the outlet of the water tank (37) is connected with a first water pump (28), the first water pump (28) is sequentially connected with a first one-way valve (27) and a filter (26), the filter (26) is connected with a second valve (34) at the inlet of the water tank (37) after passing through a condenser (18), a fourteenth electromagnetic valve (44), a filter valve (41) and a third one-way valve (40) are sequentially connected, the third one-way valve (40) is connected with a fourth valve (38) at the inlet of the water tank (37), a first valve (31) at the outlet of the water tank (37) is sequentially connected with a twelfth electromagnetic valve (42) and a gas boiler (45), and the inlet of the gas boiler (45) is provided with a thirteenth electromagnetic valve (43);

the control system comprises a controller (46), a temperature sensor (47) at the back plate of the PVT evaporator, a current sensor (49) and a water tank outlet temperature sensor (50); a temperature sensor (47) at the back plate of the PVT evaporator of the PVT heat collector (1), a current sensor (49) at the inverter (6) and a water tank outlet temperature sensor (50) at the water tank (37) are all connected with the controller (46).

2. The direct-expansion PVT heat pump system applicable to cities as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second heat exchanger (61) is a blown sheet; the medium-sized second heat exchanger (61) comprises a refrigerant inlet (3), a refrigerant outlet (2), a middle seam (63), a first junction box hole (64), a second junction box hole (65), a third junction box hole (66) and a heat exchange unit (67), and the medium-sized second heat exchanger (61) is a heat exchanger with the length of 0.5-1.7 meters; the large-size second heat exchanger (61) comprises a refrigerant inlet (3), a refrigerant outlet (2), a middle seam (63), a first junction box hole (64), a second junction box hole (65), a third junction box hole (66), a heat exchange unit (67), a first connecting flow channel (68) and a second connecting flow channel (69), and the large-size second heat exchanger (61) is a heat exchanger with the length of 1.7-2.5 meters; the refrigerant inlet (3) is communicated with the refrigerant outlet (2) through a heat exchange unit (67); the middle seam (63) is positioned in the middle of the plate body of the second heat exchanger (61) and is perpendicular to the arrangement of the terminal box holes, and the middle seam (63) is a rectangular hole with the width of 2-10 mm; junction boxes are arranged in a first junction box hole (64), a second junction box hole (65) and a third junction box hole (66) in the middle of the second heat exchanger (61); the heat exchange unit (67) mainly comprises a quadrilateral heat exchange unit and a hexagonal heat exchange unit; the second heat exchanger (61) of large size is divided into three plate zones, i.e., an inlet zone a, a turning zone b and an outlet zone c, the inlet zone a and the turning zone b are connected by a second connecting flow passage (69), and the turning zone b and the outlet zone c are connected by a first connecting flow passage (68).

3. The direct-expansion PVT heat pump system applicable to cities as claimed in claim 1, wherein: from the refrigerant flowing angle, a plurality of PVT heat collectors (1) are connected in parallel to form a small group string, and a plurality of small group strings are connected in parallel to form a unit; the first expansion valve (4) and the expansion valve controller (5) are arranged at the position close to the small group string; from the electrical perspective, the PVT heat collectors (1) in the unit are connected in series to the inverter (6).

4. The direct-expansion PVT heat pump system applicable to cities as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second water pump (30) is connected with the first water pump (28) in parallel, and the second water pump (30) is connected with the second one-way valve (29).

5. The direct-expansion PVT heat pump system applicable to cities as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water tank (37) is provided with an exhaust valve (33).

6. The direct-expansion PVT heat pump system applicable to cities as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat pump system, the first water pump (28), the second water pump (30), the twelfth electromagnetic valve (42), the thirteenth electromagnetic valve (43) and the fourteenth electromagnetic valve (44) are all connected with a controller (46).

7. A method for operating a heat pump system in a direct-expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for use in a city according to claim 1, wherein: the system comprises a solar energy operation mode, an air source operation mode, a heat dissipation mode and a defrosting mode;

solar energy operation mode: the first electromagnetic valve (8), the fifth electromagnetic valve (16), the seventh electromagnetic valve (21) and the eighth electromagnetic valve (22) are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the heat pump heat collecting system comprises a PVT heat collecting system, a four-way reversing valve (14), a gas-liquid separator (11), a compressor (12), a liquid storage tank (19), a first heat exchanger (51) and a water circulating system, wherein the heat pump takes the PVT heat collector (1) as an evaporator to absorb the waste heat of a photovoltaic cell; the refrigerant enters the PVT heat collection system after passing through the eighth electromagnetic valve (22), the refrigerant absorbs heat and then sequentially passes through the first electromagnetic valve (8), the four-way reversing valve (14), the gas-liquid separator (11), the compressor (12) and the fifth electromagnetic valve (16), then the heat is transferred to a water circulation system in the condenser (18), the refrigerant enters the liquid storage tank (19) after being cooled, then sequentially passes through the first heat exchanger (51) and the seventh electromagnetic valve (21), and finally returns to the eighth electromagnetic valve (22) to enter the next circulation;

air source operation mode: the second electromagnetic valve (9), the fifth electromagnetic valve (16) and the ninth electromagnetic valve (23) are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the air-cooled heat exchanger (7), the four-way reversing valve (14), the gas-liquid separator (11), the compressor (12), the condenser (18), the liquid storage tank (19), the first heat exchanger (51), the second expansion valve (20) and the water circulation system work normally; at the moment, the air-cooled heat exchanger (7) is used as an evaporator by the heat pump to absorb the heat of the environment and generate hot water; the refrigerant enters the air-cooled heat exchanger (7) through a ninth electromagnetic valve (23), after absorbing the heat of air, the refrigerant passes through a second electromagnetic valve (9), a four-way reversing valve (14), a gas-liquid separator (11), a compressor (12) and a fifth electromagnetic valve (16) in sequence, then the heat is transferred to a water circulation system in a condenser (18), the refrigerant enters a liquid storage tank (19) after being cooled, then passes through a first heat exchanger (51) and a second expansion valve (20) in sequence, and finally returns to the ninth electromagnetic valve (23) to enter the next circulation;

a heat dissipation mode: the eighth electromagnetic valve (22), the first electromagnetic valve (8), the fourth electromagnetic valve (13), the seventh electromagnetic valve (21) and the eleventh electromagnetic valve (25) are opened, and the rest electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the PVT heat collecting system, the four-way reversing valve (14), the gas-liquid separator (11), the compressor (12), the air-cooled heat exchanger (7), the condenser (18), the liquid storage tank (19) and the first heat exchanger (51) work normally; at the moment, the heat pump takes the PVT heat collector (1) as an evaporator and the air-cooled heat exchanger (7) as a radiator; the refrigerant enters the PVT heat collection system after passing through the eighth electromagnetic valve (22), the refrigerant absorbs heat and then sequentially passes through the first electromagnetic valve (8), the four-way reversing valve (14), the gas-liquid separator (11), the compressor (12) and the fourth electromagnetic valve (13), then the heat is released to the environment in the air-cooled heat exchanger (7), the refrigerant is cooled and then sequentially passes through the eleventh electromagnetic valve (25), the condenser (18), the liquid storage tank (19), the first heat exchanger (51) and the seventh electromagnetic valve (21), and finally returns to the eighth electromagnetic valve (22) to enter the next cycle;

defrosting mode: the third electromagnetic valve (10), the sixth electromagnetic valve (17) and the tenth electromagnetic valve (24) are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the condenser (18), the four-way reversing valve (14), the gas-liquid separator (11), the compressor (12), the air-cooled heat exchanger (7), the second expansion valve (20), the first heat exchanger (51) and the liquid storage tank (19) work normally; at the moment, the heat pump takes the condenser (18) as an evaporator and the air-cooled heat exchanger (7) as a radiator; after absorbing heat in the condenser (18), the refrigerant sequentially passes through the sixth electromagnetic valve (17), the four-way reversing valve (14), the gas-liquid separator (11), the compressor (12) and the third electromagnetic valve (10), then releases the heat to the environment in the air-cooled heat exchanger (7), and the cooled refrigerant sequentially passes through the tenth electromagnetic valve (24), the second expansion valve (20), the first heat exchanger (51) and the liquid storage tank (19) and finally returns to the condenser (18) to enter the next cycle.

8. The method for operating a heat pump system in a direct-expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for cities as claimed in claim 7, wherein: when the heat pump system is applied to an area with the environment temperature of-25 ℃ to 0 ℃ or in seasons, a mode of increasing supply air to break is added, and the operation mode is as follows:

solar energy + air supply enthalpy increasing operation mode: the first electromagnetic valve (8), the fifth electromagnetic valve (16), the seventh electromagnetic valve (21), the eighth electromagnetic valve (22) and the fifteenth electromagnetic valve (53) are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the liquid storage tank (19), the third expansion valve (52), the first heat exchanger (51), the compressor (12), the PVT heat collection system, the four-way reversing valve (14), the gas-liquid separator (11), the condenser (18) and the water circulation system work normally; after the refrigerant comes out of the liquid storage tank (19), the refrigerant is divided into two paths, namely an a path and a b path; the refrigerant of the path a passes through a fifteenth electromagnetic valve (53), enters a third expansion valve (52), absorbs the heat of the refrigerant of the path b in a first heat exchanger (51), and then enters a compressor (12); the refrigerant of the path b enters a first heat exchanger (51) to be cooled by the refrigerant of the path a, then sequentially passes through a seventh electromagnetic valve (21) and an eighth electromagnetic valve (22) and then enters a PVT heat collection system, the refrigerant absorbs heat and sequentially passes through a first electromagnetic valve (8), a four-way reversing valve (14), a gas-liquid separator (11) and a compressor (12) to be converged with the refrigerant of the path a, then passes through a fifth electromagnetic valve (16), heat is transferred to a water circulation system in a condenser (18), and the cooled refrigerant enters a liquid storage tank (19) to start the next circulation;

air source + air make-up break operation mode: the second electromagnetic valve (9), the fifth electromagnetic valve (16), the ninth electromagnetic valve (23) and the fifteenth electromagnetic valve (53) are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the liquid storage tank (19), the third expansion valve (52), the compressor (12), the first heat exchanger (51), the second expansion valve (20), the air-cooled heat exchanger (7), the four-way reversing valve (14), the gas-liquid separator (11), the condenser (18) and the water circulation system work normally; after the refrigerant comes out of the liquid storage tank (19), the refrigerant is divided into two paths, namely an a path and a b path; the refrigerant of the path a passes through a fifteenth electromagnetic valve (53), enters a third expansion valve (52), absorbs the heat of the refrigerant of the path b in a first heat exchanger (51), and then enters a compressor (12); the refrigerant of the path b enters a first heat exchanger (51) to be cooled by the refrigerant of the path a, then sequentially passes through a second expansion valve (20) and a ninth electromagnetic valve (23), then enters an air-cooled heat exchanger (7), absorbs air heat to raise the temperature, sequentially passes through a second electromagnetic valve (9), a four-way reversing valve (14), a gas-liquid separator (11) and a compressor (12), is converged with the refrigerant of the path a, then passes through a fifth electromagnetic valve (16), transfers the heat to a water circulation system in a condenser (18), and the cooled refrigerant enters a liquid storage tank (19) to start the next circulation.

9. A method for operating a water circulation system in a direct-expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for use in a city according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises a heat pump water circulation system operation method and a gas boiler water circulation system operation method;

the operation method of the heat pump water circulation system comprises the following steps: the first water pump (28), the water tank (37), the first one-way valve (27), the filter (26) and the condenser (18) work normally; the first water pump (28) pumps water in the water tank (37) out of the third valve (36), then the water passes through the first check valve (27) and the filter (26), then enters the condenser (18) of the heat pump system to absorb heat of the refrigerant, and then flows back to the water tank (37) through the second valve (34); the second water pump (30) is used as a standby water pump, and the second water pump (30) is started when the first water pump (28) fails;

the operation method of the water circulation system of the gas boiler comprises the following steps: dividing the water supply system into a normal water supply mode and a fault mode;

and (3) a normal water replenishing mode: the twelfth electromagnetic valve (42) and the fourteenth electromagnetic valve (44) are opened, and the thirteenth electromagnetic valve (43) is closed; the filter valve (41), the third one-way valve (40), the water tank (37) and the gas boiler (45) work normally; tap water enters the water tank (37) through the fourteenth electromagnetic valve (44), the filter valve (41) and the third one-way valve (40) and the fourth valve (38), then flows out of the water tank (37) through the first valve (31), then flows into the gas boiler (45) through the twelfth electromagnetic valve (42); at this time, the hot water in the water tank (37) is fed into the gas boiler (45) as a supplement water;

failure mode: at the moment, the PVT heat collecting system or the heat pump system is in a maintenance state, the twelfth electromagnetic valve (42) and the fourteenth electromagnetic valve (44) are closed, the thirteenth electromagnetic valve (43) is opened, and tap water enters the gas-fired boiler (45) through the thirteenth electromagnetic valve (43).

10. A method for operating a control system in a direct-expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for use in a city according to claim 1, wherein: the operation of the whole system is controlled by the temperature signal of a temperature sensor (47) at the back plate of the PVT evaporator, the current signal of a current sensor (49) and the temperature signal of a water tank outlet temperature sensor (50) in the following way:

when the whole system normally operates, the water circulation system of the gas-fired boiler operates according to a normal water supplementing mode, and the rest part of the system operates according to the following modes:

in a time period of 2:00-8:00, when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor (50) is less than 60 ℃, the heat pump system operates according to an air source operation mode or an air source + air make-up increase break operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally; when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor (50) is not less than 60 ℃, the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop running;

in the time period of 8:00-12:00, when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor (50) is less than 60 ℃, the current signal of the current sensor (49) is more than 0.5A, the heat pump system operates according to a solar energy operation mode or a solar energy and air supply enthalpy increasing operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally; when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor (50) is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (7) at the PVT evaporator back plate is less than 85 ℃, the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop running; when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor (50) is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (7) at the PVT evaporator back plate is not less than 85 ℃, the heat pump system operates according to a heat dissipation mode;

in the time period of 12:00-20:00, when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor (50) is less than 60 ℃, the current signal of the current sensor (49) is more than 0.5A, the heat pump system operates according to a solar energy operation mode or a solar energy and air supply enthalpy increasing operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally; when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor (50) is less than 60 ℃, the current signal of the current sensor (49) is not more than 0.5A, the heat pump system operates according to an air source operation mode or an air source and air make-up increase break operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally; when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor (50) is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (7) at the PVT evaporator back plate is less than 85 ℃, the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop running; when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor (50) is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (7) at the PVT evaporator back plate is not less than 85 ℃, the heat pump system operates according to a heat dissipation mode;

the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop running in a time period of 2:00 time period of 20: 00-next day;

when the whole system is in a maintenance stage, the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop running, and the gas-fired boiler water circulation system runs according to a fault mode.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a direct expansion type PVT heat pump system which is suitable for cities and coupled with traditional energy sources.

Background

In the existing mature building power supply and heat supply technology, the utilization of air energy and solar energy can reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, and the representative products are an air source heat pump and a solar water heater. The two technologies are clean and energy-saving, and have the defects that the product function is single, and the difference of the running performance and the user energy consumption requirement exists in the time scale, namely, the heat requirement is more in winter, but the product running performance is poorer, the heat requirement is less in summer, and the product running performance is better.

The direct-expansion PVT heat pump technology can effectively relieve the defects of the two products, the COP is higher than that of a traditional air source heat pump, the COP is higher than that of a solar water heater, the COP is stable and higher than that of the solar water heater, the carbon dioxide emission is lower, and the direct-expansion PVT heat pump technology is a high-efficiency and stable combined heat and power technology and has important application prospect. However, the technology is applied to cities with small per capita areas, and the problem that the mounting area of a meeting place is not enough is solved, particularly to some middle and high-rise buildings. In addition, the breadth of our country is wide, and the climate difference of each place is large, for example, the temperature is low in winter in the north and the temperature is large in rainy days in the south. Therefore, further improvement on the direct expansion PVT heat pump technology is needed to promote the marketable application of the technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a direct-expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for cities and an operation method thereof, improves the occupation ratio of renewable energy sources in the building energy consumption process, effectively reduces the emission of carbon dioxide in the building energy consumption process, and can ensure the stability of energy supply.

The direct-expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for the city comprises a PVT heat collecting system, a heat pump system, a water circulation system and a control system;

the PVT heat collecting system comprises a PVT heat collector, a first expansion valve, an expansion valve controller and an inverter; the PVT heat collector sequentially consists of a synergistic coating, a transparent protective layer, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) glue, a photovoltaic cell, EVA glue, a back plate, a buffer layer and a second heat exchanger from top to bottom; the PVT heat collector is connected with the first expansion valve and the expansion valve controller; the PVT heat collector is connected with the inverter;

the heat pump system comprises an air-cooled heat exchanger, a four-way reversing valve, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a condenser and a liquid storage tank; the eighth electromagnetic valve is connected with an inlet of the PVT heat collecting system, an outlet of the PVT heat collecting system is sequentially connected with a first electromagnetic valve and a four-way reversing valve, the four-way reversing valve is sequentially connected with a gas-liquid separator and a compressor, the four-way reversing valve is further connected with a fifth electromagnetic valve, the fifth electromagnetic valve is connected with a condenser, the condenser is connected with a liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is divided into an a path and a b path, the a path is provided with a fifteenth electromagnetic valve and a third expansion valve, the a path and the b path are commonly connected with a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is respectively connected with a seventh electromagnetic valve and a second expansion valve, the seventh electromagnetic valve is connected with an eighth electromagnetic valve, the second expansion valve is connected with a ninth electromagnetic valve, the ninth electromagnetic valve is connected with an air-cooled heat exchanger, the air-cooled heat exchanger is sequentially connected with a second electromagnetic valve and the four-way reversing valve, the fourth electromagnetic valve is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger, and the air-cooled heat exchanger is sequentially connected with an eleventh electromagnetic valve and the condenser, the condenser is sequentially connected with a sixth electromagnetic valve and a four-way reversing valve, the four-way reversing valve is connected with a third electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve is connected with an air-cooled heat exchanger, the air-cooled heat exchanger is sequentially connected with a tenth electromagnetic valve and a second expansion valve, and the first heat exchanger is connected with the compressor through a fourth one-way valve;

the water circulation system comprises a water tank and a gas boiler; the third valve at the outlet of the water tank is connected with a first water pump, the first water pump is sequentially connected with a first one-way valve and a filter, the filter is connected with a second valve at the inlet of the water tank after passing through a condenser, a fourteenth electromagnetic valve, a filter valve and a third one-way valve are sequentially connected, the third one-way valve is connected with a fourth valve at the inlet of the water tank, the first valve at the outlet of the water tank is sequentially connected with a twelfth electromagnetic valve and a gas-fired boiler, and the inlet of the gas-fired boiler is provided with a thirteenth electromagnetic valve;

the control system comprises a controller, a temperature sensor at the back plate of the PVT evaporator, a current sensor and a water tank outlet temperature sensor; and a temperature sensor at the back plate of the PVT evaporator at the PVT heat collector, a current sensor at the inverter and a water tank outlet temperature sensor at the water tank are all connected with the controller.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the second heat exchanger is an expansion plate; the medium-sized second heat exchanger comprises a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet, a middle seam, a first junction box hole, a second junction box hole, a third junction box hole and a heat exchange unit, and the medium-sized second heat exchanger is a heat exchanger with the length of 0.5-1.7 meters; the large-size second heat exchanger comprises a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet, a middle seam, a first junction box hole, a second junction box hole, a third junction box hole, a heat exchange unit, a first connecting flow channel and a second connecting flow channel, and the large-size second heat exchanger is a heat exchanger with the length of 1.7-2.5 meters; the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet are communicated through a heat exchange unit; the middle seam is positioned in the middle of the second heat exchanger plate body and is perpendicular to the arrangement of the terminal box holes, and the middle seam is a rectangular hole with the width of 2-10 mm; junction boxes are arranged in a first junction box hole, a second junction box hole and a third junction box hole in the middle of the second heat exchanger; the heat exchange unit mainly comprises a quadrilateral heat exchange unit and a hexagonal heat exchange unit; the second heat exchanger of large size is divided into three zones, i.e., an inlet zone a, a turning zone b and an outlet zone c, the inlet zone a and the turning zone b are connected by a second connecting flow channel, and the turning zone b and the outlet zone c are connected by a first connecting flow channel.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: from the refrigerant flowing angle, a plurality of PVT heat collectors are connected in parallel to form a small group string, and a plurality of small group strings are connected in parallel to form a unit; the first expansion valve and the expansion valve controller are arranged at the position close to the small group string; from the electrical point of view, the PVT heat collectors in the unit are connected to the inverter in a series mode.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the second water pump is connected with the first water pump in parallel and is connected with the second one-way valve.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the water tank is provided with an exhaust valve.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the heat pump system, the first water pump, the second water pump, the twelfth electromagnetic valve, the thirteenth electromagnetic valve and the fourteenth electromagnetic valve are all connected with the controller.

The operation method of the heat pump system in the direct expansion type PVT heat pump system suitable for the city comprises a solar energy operation mode, an air source operation mode, a heat dissipation mode and a defrosting mode;

solar energy operation mode: the first electromagnetic valve, the fifth electromagnetic valve, the seventh electromagnetic valve and the eighth electromagnetic valve are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the PVT heat collecting system, the four-way reversing valve, the gas-liquid separator, the compressor, the liquid storage tank, the first heat exchanger and the water circulating system work normally, and at the moment, the heat pump takes the PVT heat collector as an evaporator to absorb the waste heat of the photovoltaic cell; the refrigerant enters the PVT heat collection system after passing through the eighth electromagnetic valve, the refrigerant absorbs heat and then sequentially passes through the first electromagnetic valve, the four-way reversing valve, the gas-liquid separator, the compressor and the fifth electromagnetic valve, then the heat is transferred to the water circulation system in the condenser, the refrigerant enters the liquid storage tank after being cooled, then sequentially passes through the first heat exchanger and the seventh electromagnetic valve, and finally returns to the eighth electromagnetic valve to enter the next circulation;

air source operation mode: the second electromagnetic valve, the fifth electromagnetic valve and the ninth electromagnetic valve are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the air-cooled heat exchanger, the four-way reversing valve, the gas-liquid separator, the compressor, the condenser, the liquid storage tank, the first heat exchanger, the second expansion valve and the water circulation system work normally; at the moment, the air-cooled heat exchanger is used as an evaporator by the heat pump to absorb the heat of the environment and generate hot water; the refrigerant enters the air-cooled heat exchanger through the ninth electromagnetic valve, passes through the second electromagnetic valve, the four-way reversing valve, the gas-liquid separator, the compressor and the fifth electromagnetic valve in sequence after absorbing the heat of the air, then transfers the heat to the water circulation system in the condenser, enters the liquid storage tank after being cooled, then passes through the first heat exchanger and the second expansion valve in sequence, and finally returns to the ninth electromagnetic valve to enter the next circulation;

a heat dissipation mode: the eighth electromagnetic valve, the first electromagnetic valve, the fourth electromagnetic valve, the seventh electromagnetic valve and the eleventh electromagnetic valve are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the PVT heat collection system, the four-way reversing valve, the gas-liquid separator, the compressor, the air-cooled heat exchanger, the condenser, the liquid storage tank and the first heat exchanger work normally; at the moment, the heat pump takes the PVT heat collector as an evaporator and the air-cooled heat exchanger as a radiator; the refrigerant enters the PVT heat collection system after passing through the eighth electromagnetic valve, the refrigerant absorbs heat and then sequentially passes through the first electromagnetic valve, the four-way reversing valve, the gas-liquid separator, the compressor and the fourth electromagnetic valve, then the heat is released to the environment in the air-cooled heat exchanger, the refrigerant is cooled and then sequentially passes through the eleventh electromagnetic valve, the condenser, the liquid storage tank, the first heat exchanger and the seventh electromagnetic valve, and finally returns to the eighth electromagnetic valve to enter the next cycle;

defrosting mode: the third electromagnetic valve, the sixth electromagnetic valve and the tenth electromagnetic valve are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the condenser, the four-way reversing valve, the gas-liquid separator, the compressor, the air-cooled heat exchanger, the second expansion valve, the first heat exchanger and the liquid storage tank work normally; at the moment, the heat pump takes the condenser as an evaporator and the air-cooled heat exchanger as a radiator; after absorbing heat in the condenser, the refrigerant sequentially passes through a sixth electromagnetic valve, a four-way reversing valve, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor and a third electromagnetic valve, then releases the heat to the environment in the air-cooled heat exchanger, and the cooled refrigerant sequentially passes through a tenth electromagnetic valve, a second expansion valve, a first heat exchanger and a liquid storage tank and finally returns to the condenser to enter the next cycle.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: when the heat pump system is applied to an area with the environment temperature of-25 ℃ to 0 ℃ or in seasons, a mode of increasing supply air to break is added, and the operation mode is as follows:

solar energy + air supply enthalpy increasing operation mode: the first electromagnetic valve, the fifth electromagnetic valve, the seventh electromagnetic valve, the eighth electromagnetic valve and the fifteenth electromagnetic valve are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the liquid storage tank, the third expansion valve, the first heat exchanger, the compressor, the PVT heat collection system, the four-way reversing valve, the gas-liquid separator, the condenser and the water circulation system work normally; after the refrigerant comes out of the liquid storage tank, the refrigerant is divided into two paths, namely an a path and a b path; the path a of refrigerant enters a third expansion valve through a fifteenth electromagnetic valve, then absorbs the heat of the path b of refrigerant in a first heat exchanger, and then enters a compressor; the refrigerant of the path b enters the first heat exchanger, is cooled by the refrigerant of the path a, then sequentially passes through a seventh electromagnetic valve and an eighth electromagnetic valve, and then enters the PVT heat collecting system, after absorbing heat, the refrigerant sequentially passes through the first electromagnetic valve, the four-way reversing valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, is converged with the refrigerant of the path a, then passes through a fifth electromagnetic valve, transfers the heat to the water circulation system in the condenser, and the cooled refrigerant enters the liquid storage tank to start the next circulation;

air source + air make-up break operation mode: the second electromagnetic valve, the fifth electromagnetic valve, the ninth electromagnetic valve and the fifteenth electromagnetic valve are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves in the heat pump system are closed; the liquid storage tank, the third expansion valve, the compressor, the first heat exchanger, the second expansion valve, the air-cooled heat exchanger, the four-way reversing valve, the gas-liquid separator, the condenser and the water circulation system work normally; after the refrigerant comes out of the liquid storage tank, the refrigerant is divided into two paths, namely an a path and a b path; the path a of refrigerant enters a third expansion valve through a fifteenth electromagnetic valve, then absorbs the heat of the path b of refrigerant in a first heat exchanger, and then enters a compressor; the refrigerant of the path b enters the first heat exchanger and is cooled by the refrigerant of the path a, then sequentially passes through the second expansion valve and the ninth electromagnetic valve, enters the air-cooled heat exchanger, absorbs air heat to raise the temperature, sequentially passes through the second electromagnetic valve, the four-way reversing valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, is converged with the refrigerant of the path a, then passes through the fifth electromagnetic valve, transfers the heat to the water circulation system in the condenser, and the cooled refrigerant enters the liquid storage tank to start the next circulation.

The operation method of the water circulation system in the direct-expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for the city comprises a heat pump water circulation system operation method and a gas boiler water circulation system operation method;

the operation method of the heat pump water circulation system comprises the following steps: the first water pump, the water tank, the first one-way valve, the filter and the condenser work normally; the first water pump pumps water in the water tank out of the third valve, then the water passes through the first one-way valve and the filter, then enters a condenser of the heat pump system to absorb heat of the refrigerant, and then flows back to the water tank through the second valve; the second water pump is used as a standby water pump, and is started when the first water pump fails;

the operation method of the water circulation system of the gas boiler comprises the following steps: dividing the water supply system into a normal water supply mode and a fault mode;

and (3) a normal water replenishing mode: the twelfth electromagnetic valve and the fourteenth electromagnetic valve are opened, and the thirteenth electromagnetic valve is closed; the filter valve, the third one-way valve, the water tank and the gas boiler work normally; running water enters the water tank through the fourteenth electromagnetic valve, the filter valve and the third one-way valve and the fourth valve, then flows out of the water tank through the first valve, then flows into the twelfth electromagnetic valve and finally flows into the gas-fired boiler; at this time, the hot water in the water tank is sent into the gas boiler as the supplement water;

failure mode: at the moment, the PVT heat collecting system or the heat pump system is in a maintenance state, the twelfth electromagnetic valve and the fourteenth electromagnetic valve are closed, the thirteenth electromagnetic valve is opened, and tap water enters the gas-fired boiler through the thirteenth electromagnetic valve.

The operation method of the control system in the direct expansion type PVT heat pump system suitable for the city controls the operation of the whole system through the temperature signal of the temperature sensor at the back plate of the PVT evaporator, the current signal of the current sensor and the temperature signal of the water tank outlet temperature sensor, and the control mode is as follows:

when the whole system normally operates, the water circulation system of the gas-fired boiler operates according to a normal water supplementing mode, and the rest part of the system operates according to the following modes:

in a time period of 2:00-8:00, when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the outlet of the water tank is less than 60 ℃, the heat pump system operates according to an air source operation mode or an air source plus air make-up break operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally; when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor is not less than 60 ℃, the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop running;

in the time period of 8:00-12:00, when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the outlet of the water tank is less than 60 ℃, the current signal of the current sensor is more than 0.5A, the heat pump system operates according to a solar energy operation mode or a solar energy and air-supplying enthalpy-increasing operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally; when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the outlet of the water tank is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the back plate of the PVT evaporator is less than 85 ℃, the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop running; when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the outlet of the water tank is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the back plate of the PVT evaporator is not less than 85 ℃, the heat pump system operates according to a heat dissipation mode;

in the time period of 12:00-20:00, when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the outlet of the water tank is less than 60 ℃, the current signal of the current sensor is more than 0.5A, the heat pump system operates according to a solar energy operation mode or a solar energy and air-supplying enthalpy-increasing operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally; when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the outlet of the water tank is less than 60 ℃, the current signal of the current sensor is not more than 0.5A, the heat pump system operates according to an air source operation mode or an air source plus make-up air increase break operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally; when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the outlet of the water tank is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the back plate of the PVT evaporator is less than 85 ℃, the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop running; when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the outlet of the water tank is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor at the back plate of the PVT evaporator is not less than 85 ℃, the heat pump system operates according to a heat dissipation mode;

the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop running in a time period of 2:00 time period of 20: 00-next day;

when the whole system is in a maintenance stage, the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop running, and the gas-fired boiler water circulation system runs according to a fault mode.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the PVT heat collector has the size which accords with the size of a mainstream photovoltaic component in the market and is more flexible to use; the deformation of the PVT heat collector is slowed down by the addition of the buffer layer and the design of the middle seam of the heat exchanger, and the weather resistance of the assembly is enhanced; aiming at a large-area heat collector, the deformation of the PVT heat collector in the length direction is slowed down by the block design; the reasonable arrangement of the heat exchange units in the heat exchanger enables the heat exchange efficiency to be higher.

(2) The invention adopts the mode that the PVT heat collectors and the expansion valves are arranged adjacently, so that the flowing distribution of the refrigerant in each expansion plate is more uniform, and the matching problem of the heat pump and the PVT heat collectors is solved; the reasonable pipeline design enables the air-cooled heat exchanger of the heat pump system to serve as an evaporator and a radiator, and the cost is reduced while the basic performance requirements are met; the applicability of the whole set of system in a low-temperature environment is improved by adding the air-supplementing enthalpy-increasing technology; the flexible switching between the solar energy mode and the air source mode improves the stability of the system.

(3) The invention adopts the combination of the PVT heat pump system and the traditional energy, solves the problem of limited energy supply due to insufficient area of an installation site, improves the proportion of renewable energy in the energy utilization process of a building, and further improves the stability of an energy supply system by the traditional energy; the PVT heat pump has high COP characteristic, combined heat and power characteristic and valley electricity operation mode, so that the system is high in economy.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a direct-expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for cities.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a PVT thermal collector.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a medium size heat exchanger.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a large size heat exchanger.

Description of reference numerals: 1-PVT heat collector, 2-refrigerant outlet, 3-refrigerant inlet, 4-first expansion valve, 5-expansion valve controller, 6-inverter, 7-air-cooled heat exchanger, 8-first solenoid valve, 9-second solenoid valve, 10-third solenoid valve, 11-gas-liquid separator, 12-compressor, 13-fourth solenoid valve, 14-four-way reversing valve, 15-refrigerant injection port, 16-fifth solenoid valve, 17-sixth solenoid valve, 18-condenser, 19-liquid storage tank, 20-second expansion valve, 21-seventh solenoid valve, 22-eighth solenoid valve, 23-ninth solenoid valve, 24-tenth solenoid valve, 25-eleventh solenoid valve, 26-filter, 27-first one-way valve, 28-a first water pump, 29-a second one-way valve, 30-a second water pump, 31-a first valve, 32-a pressure sensor, 33-an exhaust valve, 34-a second valve, 35-a safety valve, 36-a third valve, 37-a water tank, 38-a fourth valve, 39-a blowdown valve, 40-a third one-way valve, 41-a filter valve, 42-a twelfth solenoid valve, 43-a thirteenth solenoid valve, 44-a fourteenth solenoid valve, 45-a gas boiler, 46-a controller, 47-a temperature sensor at the back plate of a PVT evaporator, 48-a fourth one-way valve, 49-a current sensor, 50-a water tank outlet temperature sensor, 51-a first heat exchanger, 52-a third expansion valve, 53-a fifteenth solenoid valve, 54-a synergistic coating, 55-transparent protective layer, 56-EVA adhesive, 57-photovoltaic cell, 58-EVA adhesive, 59-back plate, 60-buffer layer, 61-second heat exchanger, 62-refrigerant flow channel, 63-middle seam, 64-first junction box hole, 65-second junction box hole, 66-third junction box hole, 67-heat exchange unit, 68-first connecting flow channel and 69-second connecting flow channel.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Example one

The embodiment of the application provides a formula PVT heat pump system directly expands suitable for city, and this system comprehensive utilization solar energy, air energy and gas realize stable heat, the confession of combining with electricity, promote building energy consumption in-process renewable energy's the proportion of taking up, reduce carbon dioxide and discharge, and concrete technical scheme is as follows:

the direct-expansion PVT heat pump system suitable for the city comprises: PVT heat collecting system, heat pump system, water circulating system, control system.

The PVT heat collecting system comprises a PVT heat collector 1, a first expansion valve 4, an expansion valve controller 5 and an inverter 6.

The heat pump system comprises an air-cooled heat exchanger 7, a first electromagnetic valve 8 (comprising a one-way valve), a second electromagnetic valve 9 (comprising a one-way valve), a third electromagnetic valve 10 (comprising a one-way valve), a gas-liquid separator 11, a compressor 12, a fourth electromagnetic valve 13 (comprising a one-way valve), a four-way reversing valve 14, a refrigerant injection port 15, a fifth electromagnetic valve 16 (comprising a one-way valve), a sixth electromagnetic valve 17 (comprising a one-way valve), a condenser 18, a liquid storage tank 19, a second expansion valve 20, a seventh electromagnetic valve 21 (comprising a one-way valve), an eighth electromagnetic valve 22 (comprising a one-way valve), a ninth electromagnetic valve 23 (comprising a one-way valve), a tenth electromagnetic valve 24 (comprising a one-way valve), an eleventh electromagnetic valve 25 (comprising a one-way valve), a first heat exchanger 51, a third expansion valve 52 and a fifteenth electromagnetic valve 53 (comprising a one-way valve).

The water circulation system comprises a filter 26, a first one-way valve 27, a first water pump 28, a second one-way valve 29, a second water pump 30, a first valve 31, a pressure sensor 32, an exhaust valve 33, a second valve 34, a safety valve 35, a third valve 36, a water tank 37, a fourth valve 38, a blowdown valve 39, a third one-way valve 40, a filter valve 41, a twelfth electromagnetic valve 42, a thirteenth electromagnetic valve 43, a fourteenth electromagnetic valve 44 and a gas boiler 45.

The control system comprises a controller 46, a temperature sensor 47 at the back plate of the PVT evaporator, a current sensor 49 and a water tank outlet temperature sensor 50.

The PVT heat collector 1 comprises a synergistic coating 54, a transparent protective layer 55, EVA glue 56, a photovoltaic cell 57, EVA glue 58, a back plate 59, a buffer layer 60 and a second heat exchanger 61 from top to bottom in sequence. The photovoltaic module (including the synergistic coating 54, the transparent protective layer 55, the EVA glue 56, the photovoltaic cell 57, the EVA glue 58, the back sheet 59) and the second heat exchanger 61 can be formed by one-step lamination or directly connected through the buffer layer 60. The buffer layer 60 can alleviate the deformation of the PVT heat collector 1, and prevent the photovoltaic cell 57 from being hidden cracked or damaged.

The second heat exchanger 61 is a blown plate, and the layout design is related to the size of the heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger 61 of a medium size (0.5-1.7 m long) includes a refrigerant inlet 3, a refrigerant outlet 2, a center slit 63, a first terminal block hole 64, a second terminal block hole 65, a third terminal block hole 66, and a heat exchange unit 67. The second heat exchanger 61 with a large size (1.7-2.5 meters long) comprises a refrigerant inlet 3, a refrigerant outlet 2, a middle slit 63, a first junction box hole 64, a second junction box hole 65, a third junction box hole 66, a heat exchange unit 67, a first connecting flow channel 68 and a second connecting flow channel 69. The refrigerant inlet 3 and the refrigerant outlet 2 are communicated with each other through a heat exchange unit 67. The middle seam 63 is positioned in the middle of the plate body of the second heat exchanger 61 and is perpendicular to the arrangement of the terminal box holes, and the middle seam 63 is a rectangular hole with the width of 2-10mm and is used for relieving the deformation of the PVT heat collector 1 in the width direction. The first terminal block hole 64, the second terminal block hole 65, and the third terminal block hole 66 in the middle of the second heat exchanger 61 are used for mounting a terminal block. The second heat exchanger 61 is as wide as a standard half wafer silicon module. The heat exchange unit 67 is composed of various flow passages such as a quadrilateral heat exchange unit and a hexagonal heat exchange unit, the design has large heat exchange area and moderate flow resistance, and the heat exchange efficiency of the PVT heat collector 1 can be effectively improved. The large-sized second heat exchanger 61 is divided into 3 plate areas, i.e., an inlet area a, a turning area b and an outlet area c, the inlet area a and the turning area b are connected by a second connecting flow passage 69, and the turning area b and the outlet area c are connected by a first connecting flow passage 68, and this design can alleviate the deformation of the PVT collector 1 in the length direction.

The PVT heat collecting system is characterized in that a plurality of PVT heat collectors 1 (within 10 PVT heat collectors) are connected in parallel to form a small group string from the flowing angle of a refrigerant, the small group strings are connected in parallel to form a unit, and the refrigerant enters a heat pump system after being gathered. The number of the PVT heat collectors 1 is related to the power of the heat pump system, and the higher the power is, the more the number of the heat collectors is needed. The first expansion valve 4 and the expansion valve controller 5 are arranged at the position close to the group strings, so that the refrigerant flow of each group string can be conveniently regulated and controlled. From the electrical perspective, the PVT heat collectors 1 in the unit are connected in series, and the generated electric quantity is connected to the Internet through the inverter 6.

In the heat pump system, an eighth electromagnetic valve 22 is connected with a refrigerant inlet 3 of a PVT heat collecting system, a refrigerant outlet 2 of the PVT heat collecting system is sequentially connected with a first electromagnetic valve 8 and a four-way reversing valve 14, the four-way reversing valve 14 is sequentially connected with a gas-liquid separator 11 and a compressor 12, the four-way reversing valve 14 is also connected with a fifth electromagnetic valve 16, the fifth electromagnetic valve 16 is connected with a condenser 18, the condenser 18 is connected with a liquid storage tank 19, the liquid storage tank 19 is divided into an a path and a b path, the a path is provided with a fifteenth electromagnetic valve 53 and a third expansion valve 52, the a path and the b path are commonly connected with a first heat exchanger 51, the first heat exchanger 51 is respectively connected with a seventh electromagnetic valve 21 and a second expansion valve 20, the seventh electromagnetic valve 21 is connected with the eighth electromagnetic valve 22, the second expansion valve 20 is connected with a ninth electromagnetic valve 23, the ninth electromagnetic valve 23 is connected with an air-cooled heat exchanger 7, the air-cooled heat exchanger 7 is sequentially connected with a second electromagnetic valve 9 and the four-way reversing valve 14, the four-way reversing valve 14 is connected with the fourth electromagnetic valve 13, the fourth electromagnetic valve 13 is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger 7, the air-cooled heat exchanger 7 is sequentially connected with the eleventh electromagnetic valve 25 and the condenser 18, the condenser 18 is sequentially connected with the sixth electromagnetic valve 17 and the four-way reversing valve 14, the four-way reversing valve 14 is connected with the third electromagnetic valve 10, the third electromagnetic valve 10 is connected with the air-cooled heat exchanger 7, the air-cooled heat exchanger 7 is sequentially connected with the tenth electromagnetic valve 24 and the second expansion valve 20, and the first heat exchanger 51 is connected with the compressor 12 through the fourth one-way valve 48.

In the water circulation system, the third valve 36 at the outlet of the water tank 37 is connected with the first water pump 28, the first water pump 28 is sequentially connected with the first one-way valve 27 and the filter 26, the filter 26 is connected with the second valve 34 at the inlet of the water tank 37 after passing through the condenser 18, the second water pump 30 is connected with the first water pump 28 in parallel, the second water pump 30 is connected with the second one-way valve 29, the fourteenth electromagnetic valve 44, the filter valve 41 and the third one-way valve 40 are sequentially connected, the third one-way valve 40 is connected with the fourth valve 38 at the inlet of the water tank 37, the first valve 31 at the outlet of the water tank 37 is sequentially connected with the twelfth electromagnetic valve 42 and the gas boiler 45, the inlet of the gas boiler 45 is provided with the thirteenth electromagnetic valve 43, and the water tank 37 is provided with the exhaust valve 33.

In the control system, a temperature sensor 47 at a PVT evaporator back plate of the PVT heat collector 1, a current sensor 49 at the inverter 6, a water tank outlet temperature sensor 50 at the water tank 37, a heat pump system, the first water pump 28, the second water pump 30, the twelfth electromagnetic valve 42, the thirteenth electromagnetic valve 43 and the fourteenth electromagnetic valve 44 are all connected with the controller 46.

Example two

The second embodiment of the present application provides an operation method of a heat pump system, where the heat pump system has a solar operation mode, an air source operation mode, a heat dissipation mode, and a defrosting mode, and the method specifically includes:

solar energy operation mode: the first solenoid valve 8, the fifth solenoid valve 16, the seventh solenoid valve 21 and the eighth solenoid valve 22 are opened, and the other solenoid valves in the heat pump system are closed. The PVT heat collecting system, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11, the compressor 12, the liquid storage tank 19, the first heat exchanger 51 and the water circulating system work normally. At the moment, the heat pump takes the PVT heat collector 1 as an evaporator to absorb the waste heat of the photovoltaic cell, so that the cooling efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is improved, and the system realizes combined heat and power supply. The refrigerant enters the PVT heat collection system after passing through the eighth electromagnetic valve 22, the refrigerant absorbs heat and then sequentially passes through the first electromagnetic valve 8, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11, the compressor 12 and the fifth electromagnetic valve 16, then the heat is transferred to the water circulation system in the condenser 18, the refrigerant enters the liquid storage tank 19 after being cooled, and then sequentially passes through the first heat exchanger 51 and the seventh electromagnetic valve 21, and finally returns to the eighth electromagnetic valve 22 to enter the next circulation.

Air source operation mode: the second solenoid valve 9, the fifth solenoid valve 16 and the ninth solenoid valve 23 are opened, and the other solenoid valves in the heat pump system are closed. The air-cooled heat exchanger 7, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11, the compressor 12, the condenser 18, the liquid storage tank 19, the first heat exchanger 51, the second expansion valve 20 and the water circulation system work normally. At this time, the heat pump takes the air-cooled heat exchanger 7 as an evaporator to absorb the heat of the environment to generate hot water. The refrigerant enters the air-cooled heat exchanger 7 through the ninth electromagnetic valve 23, after absorbing the heat of the air, the refrigerant passes through the second electromagnetic valve 9, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11, the compressor 12 and the fifth electromagnetic valve 16 in sequence, then the heat is transferred to the water circulation system in the condenser 18, the refrigerant enters the liquid storage tank 19 after being cooled, then passes through the first heat exchanger 51 and the second expansion valve 20 in sequence, and finally returns to the ninth electromagnetic valve 23 to enter the next circulation.

A heat dissipation mode: the eighth solenoid valve 22, the first solenoid valve 8, the fourth solenoid valve 13, the seventh solenoid valve 21, and the eleventh solenoid valve 25 are opened, and the remaining solenoid valves in the heat pump system are closed. The PVT heat collecting system, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11, the compressor 12, the air-cooled heat exchanger 7, the condenser 18, the liquid storage tank 19 and the first heat exchanger 51 work normally. At the moment, the heat pump takes the PVT heat collector 1 as an evaporator and the air-cooled heat exchanger 7 as a radiator, so that safety accidents caused by overhigh temperature of the PVT heat collector 1 are prevented. The refrigerant enters the PVT heat collection system after passing through the eighth electromagnetic valve 22, the refrigerant absorbs heat and then sequentially passes through the first electromagnetic valve 8, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11, the compressor 12 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 13, then the heat is released to the environment in the air-cooled heat exchanger 7, the refrigerant is cooled and then sequentially passes through the eleventh electromagnetic valve 25, the condenser 18, the liquid storage tank 19, the first heat exchanger 51 and the seventh electromagnetic valve 21, and finally returns to the eighth electromagnetic valve 22 to enter the next cycle.

Defrosting mode: the third solenoid valve 10, the sixth solenoid valve 17 and the tenth solenoid valve 24 are opened, and the rest solenoid valves in the heat pump system are closed. The condenser 18, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11, the compressor 12, the air-cooled heat exchanger 7, the second expansion valve 20, the first heat exchanger 51 and the liquid storage tank 19 work normally. In this case, the heat pump is used for removing frost formed on the surface of the air-cooled heat exchanger 7 by using the condenser 18 as an evaporator and the air-cooled heat exchanger 7 as a radiator. After absorbing heat in the condenser 18, the refrigerant sequentially passes through the sixth electromagnetic valve 17, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11, the compressor 12 and the third electromagnetic valve 10, then releases the heat to the environment in the air-cooled heat exchanger 7, and the cooled refrigerant sequentially passes through the tenth electromagnetic valve 24, the second expansion valve 20, the first heat exchanger 51 and the liquid storage tank 19, and finally returns to the condenser 18 to enter the next cycle.

When the heat pump system is applied to a region with lower ambient temperature (-25 ℃ to 0 ℃) or in seasons, a mode of increasing and decreasing air supply can be added on the basis of the operation modes, the application range of the system to the environment is widened, and the specific operation modes are as follows:

solar energy + air supply enthalpy increasing operation mode: the first solenoid valve 8, the fifth solenoid valve 16, the seventh solenoid valve 21, the eighth solenoid valve 22, and the fifteenth solenoid valve 53 are opened, and the remaining solenoid valves in the heat pump system are closed. The liquid storage tank 19, the third expansion valve 52, the first heat exchanger 51, the compressor 12, the PVT heat collecting system, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11, the condenser 18 and the water circulation system work normally. After the refrigerant comes out of the liquid storage tank 19, the refrigerant is divided into two paths, namely an a path and a b path. The refrigerant of the path a passes through a fifteenth solenoid valve 53, then enters a third expansion valve 52, then absorbs the heat of the refrigerant of the path b in a first heat exchanger 51, and then enters the compressor 12. The refrigerant of the path b enters the first heat exchanger 51, is cooled by the refrigerant of the path a, then sequentially passes through the seventh electromagnetic valve 21 and the eighth electromagnetic valve 22, then enters the PVT heat collecting system, absorbs heat, sequentially passes through the first electromagnetic valve 8, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11 and the compressor 12, is converged with the refrigerant of the path a, then passes through the fifth electromagnetic valve 16, transfers the heat to the water circulation system in the condenser 18, and the cooled refrigerant enters the liquid storage tank 19 to start the next circulation.

Air source + air make-up break operation mode: the second solenoid valve 9, the fifth solenoid valve 16, the ninth solenoid valve 23, and the fifteenth solenoid valve 53 are opened, and the remaining solenoid valves in the heat pump system are closed. The liquid storage tank 19, the third expansion valve 52, the compressor 12, the first heat exchanger 51, the second expansion valve 20, the air-cooled heat exchanger 7, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11, the condenser 18 and the water circulation system work normally. After the refrigerant comes out of the liquid storage tank 19, the refrigerant is divided into two paths, namely an a path and a b path. The refrigerant of the path a passes through a fifteenth solenoid valve 53, then enters a third expansion valve 52, then absorbs the heat of the refrigerant of the path b in a first heat exchanger 51, and then enters the compressor 12. The path b refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger 51 to be cooled by the path a refrigerant, then sequentially passes through the second expansion valve 20 and the ninth electromagnetic valve 23, then enters the air-cooled heat exchanger 7 to absorb the heat of air to be heated, sequentially passes through the second electromagnetic valve 9, the four-way reversing valve 14, the gas-liquid separator 11 and the compressor 12 to be merged with the path a refrigerant, then passes through the fifth electromagnetic valve 16 to transfer the heat to the water circulation system in the condenser 18, and the cooled refrigerant enters the liquid storage tank 19 to start the next circulation.

EXAMPLE III

The third embodiment of the application provides an operation method of a water circulation system, wherein the water circulation system comprises a heat pump water circulation system and a gas boiler water circulation system, and the operation method specifically comprises the following steps:

heat pump water circulation system: the first water pump 28, the water tank 37, the first check valve 27, the filter 26, and the condenser 18 are normally operated. The first water pump 28 pumps water in the water tank 37 out of the third valve 36, then through the first check valve 27, the filter 26, and then into the condenser 18 of the heat pump system to absorb heat from the refrigerant, and then back into the water tank 37 through the second valve 34. At this time, the water is circulated by the first water pump 28, so that the water temperature of the water tank 37 is increased. The second water pump 30 acts as a backup pump, and the second water pump 30 is turned on when the first water pump 28 fails.

Gas boiler water circulating system: the method comprises a normal water replenishing mode and a fault mode, and specifically comprises the following steps:

and (3) a normal water replenishing mode: the twelfth and fourteenth solenoid valves 42 and 44 are opened, and the thirteenth solenoid valve 43 is closed. The filter valve 41, the third check valve 40, the water tank 37 and the gas boiler 45 normally operate. The tap water passes through the fourteenth solenoid valve 44, the filter valve 41, the third check valve 40, enters the water tank 37 through the fourth valve 38, then exits the water tank 37 through the first valve 31, then passes through the twelfth solenoid valve 42, and finally flows into the gas boiler 45. At this time, the hot water of the water tank 37 is fed as the replenished water into the gas boiler 45.

Failure mode: at this time, the PVT heat collecting system or the heat pump system is in a maintenance state, the twelfth electromagnetic valve 42 and the fourteenth electromagnetic valve 44 are closed, and the thirteenth electromagnetic valve 43 is opened. Tap water enters the gas boiler 45 through the thirteenth electromagnetic valve 43.

Example four

The third embodiment of the present application provides an operation method of a control system, where the control system controls the operation of the whole system through a temperature signal of a temperature sensor 47 at a PVT evaporator back plate, a current signal of a current sensor 49, and a temperature signal of a water tank outlet temperature sensor 50, and the specific control manner is as follows:

(1) when the whole system normally operates, the water circulation system of the gas-fired boiler operates according to a normal water supplementing mode, and the rest part of the system operates according to the following modes:

in the time period of 2:00-8:00, when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor 50 is less than 60 ℃, the heat pump system operates according to an air source operation mode or an air source plus air make-up break operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally; when the temperature measured by the tank outlet temperature sensor 50 is not less than 60 ℃, the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop operating. At the moment, the system adopts valley electricity in operation, so that the system economy can be improved.

In the time period of 8:00-12:00, when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor 50 is less than 60 ℃, the current signal of the current sensor 49 is more than 0.5A, the heat pump system operates according to a solar energy operation mode or a solar energy and air-supply enthalpy-increasing operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally; when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor 50 is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 at the back plate of the PVT evaporator is less than 85 ℃, the operation of the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system is stopped. When the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor 50 is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 at the PVT evaporator back plate is not less than 85 ℃, the heat pump system operates according to a heat dissipation mode.

In the time period of 12:00-20:00, when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor 50 is less than 60 ℃, the current signal of the current sensor 49 is more than 0.5A, the heat pump system operates according to a solar energy operation mode or a solar energy and air-supply enthalpy-increasing operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally;

when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor 50 is less than 60 ℃, the current signal of the current sensor 49 is not more than 0.5A, the heat pump system operates according to an air source operation mode or an air source + air make-up break operation mode, and the heat pump water circulation system operates normally; when the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor 50 is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 at the back plate of the PVT evaporator is less than 85 ℃, the operation of the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system is stopped. When the temperature measured by the water tank outlet temperature sensor 50 is not less than 60 ℃ and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 at the PVT evaporator back plate is not less than 85 ℃, the heat pump system operates according to a heat dissipation mode.

And (3) stopping the operation of the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system in a time period of 20: 00-2: 00 the next day.

(2) When the whole system is in a maintenance stage, the heat pump system and the heat pump water circulation system stop running, and the gas-fired boiler water circulation system runs according to a fault mode.

The system provided by the invention has a solar energy utilization mode and an air energy utilization mode, and the requirement of the system on solar energy resources of an application site is reduced. The addition of the air-supplying enthalpy-increasing technology improves the performance of the system under the winter condition and expands the applicability of the system in cold regions. The system is coupled with fuel gas, so that the applicability and stability of the system in urban application scenes are further improved, and the building energy consumption is reduced.