阅读说明：本技术 一种基于介质极化器的全方位面覆盖圆极化多波束天线 (All-round face covers circular polarization multi-beam antenna based on dielectric polarizer ) 是由 马自龙 彭少聪 于 2021-07-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供的一种基于介质极化器的全方位面覆盖圆极化多波束天线,包括：环形极化器,包括多个介质片,各个介质片之间环绕排列形成环形,每个介质片与方位面均呈45度夹角；底部介质支撑环,设置在环形极化器的底部；顶部介质支撑环,设置在环形极化器的顶部；多个扇形夹角反射器,设置在环形极化器的内侧,各个扇形夹角反射器之间环绕排列成环形,每个扇形夹角反射器均包括上下两个底面、位于侧边的两个侧面以及位于外侧的弧面,上下两个底面和两个侧面上均设置有金属层；多个同轴接头,每个同轴接头分别与一个扇形夹角反射器连接。解决目前传统设计中普遍存在的天线结构及馈电网络复杂、额外控制电路引入损耗、加工难度大的问题。(The invention provides an omnibearing face coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer, which comprises: the annular polarizer comprises a plurality of medium sheets, the medium sheets are arranged in a surrounding manner to form an annular shape, and each medium sheet and an azimuth plane form an included angle of 45 degrees; the bottom medium support ring is arranged at the bottom of the annular polarizer; the top medium support ring is arranged at the top of the annular polarizer; the circular polarizer comprises a circular polarizer, a plurality of sector included angle reflectors, a plurality of metal layers and a plurality of metal layers, wherein the sector included angle reflectors are arranged on the inner side of the circular polarizer, the sector included angle reflectors are arranged in a circular mode in a surrounding mode, each sector included angle reflector comprises an upper bottom surface, a lower bottom surface, two side surfaces located on the side edges and an arc surface located on the outer side, and the upper bottom surface, the lower bottom surface and the two side surfaces are provided with the metal layers; and each coaxial connector is connected with one sector included angle reflector. The problems that an antenna structure and a feed network are complex, loss is introduced by an additional control circuit, and processing difficulty is large in the conventional design at present are solved.)

1. An omni-directional plane coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer, comprising:

the annular polarizer (21) comprises a plurality of medium sheets, the medium sheets are arranged in a surrounding manner to form an annular shape, and each medium sheet and an azimuth plane form an included angle of 45 degrees;

the bottom medium support ring (32) is arranged at the bottom of the annular polarizer (21) and is connected with the plurality of medium sheets;

the top medium supporting ring (22) is arranged on the top of the annular polarizer (21) and is connected with the plurality of medium sheets;

the sector included angle reflectors (23) are arranged on the inner side of the annular polarizer (21) and are connected with the plurality of medium sheets, the sector included angle reflectors (23) are arranged in a surrounding mode to form a ring, each sector included angle reflector (23) comprises an upper bottom surface, a lower bottom surface, two side surfaces located on the side edges and an arc surface located on the outer side, and metal layers are arranged on the upper bottom surface, the lower bottom surface and the two side surfaces;

the number of the coaxial connectors is equal to that of the fan-shaped included angle reflectors (23), and each coaxial connector is connected with one fan-shaped included angle reflector (23).

2. The dielectric polarizer-based omni-directional surface coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna of claim 1, wherein the multi-beam antenna is made of a dielectric material.

3. The dielectric polarizer-based omni-directional surface coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna of claim 1, wherein the multi-beam antenna is integrally formed using 3D printing technology.

4. The dielectric polarizer-based omni-directional plane coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the bottom dielectric support rings (32) is provided, when two or more are provided, all of the bottom dielectric support rings (32) are concentrically provided, and the radius of the bottom dielectric support ring (32) positioned at the inner side is smaller than that of the bottom dielectric support ring (32) positioned at the outer side.

5. The dielectric polarizer-based omni-directional surface coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the top dielectric support rings (22) is provided, when two or more are provided, all of the top dielectric support rings (22) are concentrically provided, and the radius of the top dielectric support ring (22) positioned at the inner side is smaller than the radius of the top dielectric support ring (22) positioned at the outer side.

6. The dielectric polarizer-based omni-directional plane coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein the circular polarizer (21) is provided with 24 dielectric sheets.

7. The dielectric polarizer-based omni-directional plane coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein there are 6 included-sector angle reflectors (23).

8. The dielectric polarizer-based omni-directional surface coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein the metal in the metal layer on the corner sector reflector (23) is a good conductor.

9. The dielectric polarizer-based omni-directional surface coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the coaxial connector and the included-sector-angle reflector (23) are adhesively secured.

10. The dielectric polarizer-based omni-directional surface coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna according to claim 9, wherein the coaxial connector and the sector angle reflector (23) are bonded by ethyl cyanoacrylate glue.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an omnidirectional surface coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer.

Background

With the continuous development of mobile communication technology, the current generation communication system often meets the requirement of multi-target communication, and because the relative position between the communication target and the base station is not fixed, in order to guarantee the communication quality, an omnidirectional antenna is usually used at the base station end to achieve wider signal coverage. Although this may effectively solve the signal coverage problem, the omni-directional antenna may also have a problem of energy waste in practical applications. For example, when the communication target is relatively concentrated in a small area, the omni-directional antenna still radiates electromagnetic wave signals to an area outside the area, which inevitably results in waste of energy. To solve this problem, beam scanning schemes with omni-directional area coverage capability are proposed. In this scheme, a single beam emitted by the antenna is a high-gain directional beam, and the direction of different antenna beams at a target position can be changed accordingly, and the half-power beam widths of all beams need to cover the whole azimuth plane in the scanning process.

Currently, in the existing solution, p.chen et al in "a multi beam Antenna Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technology for MIMO Wireless Communications" (IEEE trans. Antenna pro. vol.57, No.6, pp.1813-1821, June 2009) proposes a Substrate Integrated Waveguide-Based multi-beam Antenna, in which six four-beam multi-beam antennas are annularly arranged on the side of a metal triangular prism, and a feed port is switched to implement linear polarization beam scanning, thereby implementing a 360 ° scanning range of 24 beams on an omnidirectional plane. Ge et al, in linear Polarized and circular Polarized With configurable Beam Direction (IEEE trans. Antennas pro ag., vol.66, No.4, pp.1747-1755, April 2018), propose a Reconfigurable antenna Beam scheme, in which a plurality of switching diodes are introduced at the peripheral edges of a square dielectric plate, and the switching of the guided wave Direction is realized by controlling the switching states of the diodes, so as to excite the corresponding Dipole antenna and further realize the scanning of the Beam in four directions.

However, in the currently reported schemes, most antennas capable of realizing omnidirectional coverage are linearly polarized antennas, and the design of circularly polarized antennas is less proposed. Moreover, the conventional omni-directional surface coverage antenna generally has the problems of complex structure and difficult processing, for example, the two existing schemes described above are all three-dimensional antenna structures, various processes such as machining, PCB processing and the like may be involved in the processing process, and after the processing is completed, the assembly, welding and the like of a plurality of antenna parts are required, which undoubtedly increases the antenna cost and the processing difficulty. In addition, the conventional omni-directional coverage antenna generally needs a complex feeding network or needs to introduce additional control circuits, such as a phase shift network or a switching diode, which all result in increased loss of the whole antenna.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an all-dimensional coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna with a simple feed network and convenient processing, thereby solving the problems of complicated antenna structure and feed network, loss introduced by an additional control circuit and high processing difficulty commonly existing in the conventional design at present.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an omni-directional surface coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer, comprising:

the annular polarizer comprises a plurality of medium sheets, the medium sheets are arranged in a surrounding manner to form an annular shape, and each medium sheet and an azimuth plane form an included angle of 45 degrees;

the bottom medium support ring is arranged at the bottom of the annular polarizer and is connected with the plurality of medium sheets;

the top medium support ring is arranged at the top of the annular polarizer and is connected with the plurality of medium sheets; the sector included angle reflectors are arranged on the inner side of the annular polarizer and are connected with the plurality of medium sheets, the sector included angle reflectors are arranged in a ring shape in a surrounding mode, each sector included angle reflector comprises an upper bottom surface, a lower bottom surface, two side surfaces located on the side edges and an arc surface located on the outer side, and metal layers are arranged on the upper bottom surface, the lower bottom surface and the two side surfaces;

the number of the coaxial connectors is equal to that of the fan-shaped included angle reflectors, and each coaxial connector is connected with one fan-shaped included angle reflector.

Preferably, the multi-beam antenna is made of a dielectric material.

Preferably, the parameters of the dielectric material are: a relative dielectric constant of 3.0 and a loss tangent of 0.01.

Preferably, the multi-beam antenna is integrally formed by using a 3D printing technology.

Preferably, at least one bottom medium support ring is arranged, when two or more bottom medium support rings are arranged, all bottom medium support rings are concentrically arranged, and the radius of the bottom medium support ring positioned on the inner side is smaller than that of the bottom medium support ring positioned on the outer side.

Preferably, at least one top medium support ring is provided, when two or more top medium support rings are provided, all top medium support rings are concentrically arranged, and the radius of the top medium support ring positioned on the inner side is smaller than that of the top medium support ring positioned on the outer side.

Preferably, the dielectric sheet provided in the circular polarizer has 24 sheets.

Preferably, there are 6 included-sector angle reflectors.

Preferably, the metal layer on the sector angle reflector is realized by an electroplating process, and the metal material can be any good conductor.

Preferably, the coaxial connector and the sector angle reflector are fixed by bonding.

Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize the following beneficial effects:

(1) in the aspect of structure and processing, this antenna has simple, the convenient, quick fashioned advantage of processing of feed network, and whole antenna integrated into one piece need not later stage equipment, welding, can effectively avoid equipment error scheduling problem.

(2) In terms of performance, the antenna has the advantages of wide band, stable performance in an operating frequency band and all-directional surface coverage, and can realize the axial ratio bandwidth of 37.0% (8.6-12.5GHz), the port isolation degree lower than 30dB, the in-band gain of 8.9 +/-1.3 dBic and the directional diagram front-to-back ratio larger than 22 dB.

(3) The invention adopts a plurality of sector included angle reflectors as the feed network, the feed network has simple structure, and no additional control circuit is required to be introduced, thereby effectively reducing the loss of the antenna.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of an omni-directional plane coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of an omni-directional plane coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a bottom view of an omni-directional surface coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single included-sector-angle reflector in an omni-directional coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of impedance matching characteristics of an omni-directional plane coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating isolation between a port 1 and an adjacent port of an omni-directional coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is an axial ratio bandwidth schematic diagram of an omni-directional plane coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic gain diagram of an omni-directional plane coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a directional diagram of the center frequency of an omni-directional coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer when excited at port 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 shows all directional patterns of an omni-directional coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer when the antenna is excited at different ports.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a multi-beam circularly polarized antenna based on a circular polarizer, which adopts a 3D printing technology as a main processing means, and the whole antenna is realized by a 3D printed medium material and is integrally formed.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the parameters of the dielectric material used are: a relative dielectric constant of 3.0 and a loss tangent of 0.01. In other embodiments, other dielectric materials may be used, and of course, the parameters of the dielectric material may vary with the dielectric material.

The multi-beam circularly polarized antenna comprises:

the annular polarizer 21 comprises a plurality of medium sheets, the medium sheets are arranged in a surrounding manner to form an annular shape, and each medium sheet and an azimuth plane form an included angle of 45 degrees;

at least one bottom dielectric support ring 32, disposed at the bottom of the circular polarizer 21 and connected to each of the plurality of dielectric sheets;

at least one top dielectric support ring 22 disposed on top of the circular polarizer 21 and connected to each of the plurality of dielectric sheets;

the sector included angle reflectors 23 are arranged on the inner side of the annular polarizer 21 and are connected with the plurality of medium sheets, the sector included angle reflectors 23 are arranged in a ring shape in a surrounding mode, each sector included angle reflector 23 comprises an upper bottom surface, a lower bottom surface, two side surfaces located on the side edges and an arc surface located on the outer side, and metal layers are arranged on the upper bottom surface, the lower bottom surface and the two side surfaces;

and the number of the coaxial connectors is equal to that of the included-sector-angle reflectors 23, and each coaxial connector is connected with one included-sector-angle reflector 23 respectively to feed the included-sector-angle reflector 23.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the circular polarizer 21 has 24 dielectric sheets, the 24 dielectric sheets are arranged around the circular polarizer at equal intervals, the geometric center of the antenna is taken as the origin of the coordinate system, the XY plane is taken as the azimuth plane of the antenna, the Z axis is perpendicular to the azimuth plane, and each dielectric sheet forms an angle of 45 degrees with the XY plane of the azimuth plane. The number of the medium sheets is determined according to parameters such as used medium materials, working frequency bands and the like, and the number is determined according to actual conditions during actual design.

The bottom dielectric support ring 32 and the top dielectric support ring 22 are provided to support the dielectric sheet to reinforce the structure of the circular polarizer 21 and prevent deformation thereof, and in one embodiment of the present invention, two bottom dielectric support rings 32 and two top dielectric support rings 22 are provided. One bottom medium support ring 32 is fixedly connected with the bottoms of the outer ends of all the medium sheets, and the other bottom medium support ring 32 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the medium sheet and positioned between the outer ends and the inner ends of the medium sheets; one of the top media support rings 22 is fixedly connected with the tops of the outer ends of all the media sheets, and the other top media support ring 22 is fixedly arranged on the top of the media sheet and located between the outer ends and the inner ends of the media sheets. It will be appreciated that the number of bottom dielectric support rings 32 and top dielectric support rings 22 may be set to any other number in other embodiments without affecting the performance of the antenna.

In one embodiment of the present invention, six of the included-fan reflectors 23 are provided. The number of the sector angle reflectors 23 may be determined according to the number of beams required in practice, and obviously, in other embodiments, the number of the sector angle reflectors 23 may be other values.

The sector angle reflector 23 is located inside the circular polarizer 21, has the same structure and size, is arranged in a circular shape at equal intervals, and is connected with the inner end of each dielectric sheet in the circular polarizer 21. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a single angular sector reflector, each angular sector reflector 23 includes an upper bottom surface, a lower bottom surface (an upper bottom surface 43, a lower bottom surface 45), two side surfaces (a left side surface 42, a right side surface 44) at the side edges, and an arc surface 41 at the outer side, where the arc surface 41 at the outer side is the radiation aperture of the angular sector reflector 23 and is the connection surface of the angular sector reflector and the ring polarizer 21. Metal layers are provided on both the upper and lower bottom surfaces and on both side surfaces, and function to form metal walls of the sector included angle reflector 23. In one embodiment of the present invention, the metal layer is implemented by an electroplating process, and the metal layer is a copper layer.

In one embodiment of the present invention, there are 6 coaxial connectors and 6 included-fan reflectors 23. The 6 coaxial joints are defined as a first coaxial joint 31, a second coaxial joint 32, a third coaxial joint 33, a fourth coaxial joint 34, a fifth coaxial joint 35, and a sixth coaxial joint 36, respectively. The 6 coaxial connectors correspond to the feeding ports 1-6 respectively. Each coaxial connector is respectively adhered and fixed with a sector included angle reflector 23 which is correspondingly arranged.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the coaxial connector is a 50 ohm coaxial connector.

In one embodiment of the invention, the coaxial connector and the sector angle reflector are fixed by ethyl cyanoacrylate glue.

In terms of working principle, each of the sector angle reflectors 23 is excited by feeding of a corresponding coaxial connector, and guided electromagnetic waves in the sector angle reflectors 23 are in a linear polarization mode. When the electromagnetic waves pass through the peripheral annular polarizer 21, the dielectric sheet in the annular polarizer 21 can disturb the linearly polarized waves, so as to generate two mutually orthogonal modes, the electromagnetic waves of the two modes have the same amplitude and the phase difference of 90 degrees, and finally, the circularly polarized radiation is realized. Because the angles of the sector angle reflectors 23 arranged on the XY plane are different, the directions of the corresponding radiation beams are also changed correspondingly, and the scanning of the beams on the azimuth plane can be realized by switching the feed ports.

In terms of antenna performance, since the antenna is completely symmetrical in structure, only the performance of port 1 is used as an illustration here, and other port characteristics are completely the same as those of the exemplary port.

As shown in FIG. 5, the invention can realize | S11| < -10dB in the frequency range of 8.6-12.8GHz, S11 is a parameter for characterizing the impedance matching performance of the antenna, the impedance bandwidth is 39.3%, and the broadband characteristic is demonstrated.

Fig. 6 shows isolation parameters between port 1 and the adjacent ports, and it can be seen that the isolation is kept below-32 dB, which indicates that the isolation between the ports of the antenna is good, and S21, S31, and S41 in the figure represent the isolation between port 1 and port 2, port 3, and port 4, respectively.

As shown in fig. 7, the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is 37% (8.6-12.5GHz), indicating that the antenna has broadband circular polarization characteristics.

The antenna gain is stable in the operating band, with an average gain of 8.9dBic and in-band gain ripple of ± 1.3dB, as shown in fig. 8.

Fig. 9 shows the directional diagram of the center frequency of the antenna when excited at port 1, and it can be seen that the antenna has good unidirectional radiation characteristics when excited at a single port, the front-to-back ratio of the directional diagram is greater than 22dB, and the half-power beam width on the azimuth plane (XY plane) is 61 degrees.

Fig. 10 shows all directional diagrams of the antenna in the azimuth plane when different ports are excited, and it can be seen that the present invention can achieve half-power beam width coverage in the full azimuth plane.

The invention provides an all-dimensional surface coverage circularly polarized multi-beam antenna based on a dielectric polarizer by combining a 3D printing technology. Compared with the existing antenna design, the antenna has the advantages of simple feed network, convenience in processing and rapid forming in the aspects of structure and processing, the whole antenna is integrally formed, later-stage assembling and welding are not needed, and the problems of assembling errors and the like can be effectively avoided. In terms of performance, the antenna has the advantages of wide band, stable performance in an operating frequency band and all-directional surface coverage, and can realize the axial ratio bandwidth of 37.0% (8.6-12.5GHz), the port isolation degree lower than 30dB, the in-band gain of 8.9 +/-1.3 dBic and the directional diagram front-to-back ratio larger than 22 dB.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.