阅读说明：本技术 一种水分亏缺条件下甜菜的氮肥施用方法 (Nitrogenous fertilizer application method for beets under water deficiency condition ) 是由 樊华 周红亮 王开勇 张丽娟 许鹏杰 黄睿敏 苏继霞 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及肥料管理领域,特别是涉及一种水分亏缺条件下甜菜的氮肥施用方法。本发明提供的氮肥施用方法,包括：氮肥用量以N计,在播种前、叶丛快速生长期和块根膨大期施加N的质量比为2:6:2。本发明通过在甜菜不同时期施用适宜量的氮肥,可以有效提高甜菜的产量和氮肥利用效率。由实施例可知,本发明提供的氮肥施用方法,与现有的氮肥施用方法相比,甜菜块根产量增加了42.2％～47.6％,产糖量提高51.0％～63.4％,含糖率增加了6.3％～10.7％。(The invention relates to the field of fertilizer management, in particular to a nitrogen fertilizer application method of beet under the condition of water deficiency. The invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer application method, which comprises the following steps: the nitrogen fertilizer dosage is calculated by N, and the mass ratio of N applied in the rapid growth period of the leaf cluster and the root tuber expansion period before sowing is 2:6: 2. According to the invention, by applying a proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer at different periods of the beet, the yield of the beet and the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer can be effectively improved. As can be seen from the examples, compared with the existing nitrogen fertilizer application method, the nitrogen fertilizer application method provided by the invention has the advantages that the yield of the beet root tuber is increased by 42.2-47.6%, the sugar yield is increased by 51.0-63.4%, and the sugar content is increased by 6.3-10.7%.)

1. A method of nitrogen fertilizer application of sugar beets under water deficit conditions comprising: applying nitrogen fertilizer before beet seeding, in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps and in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is counted by N, and the mass ratio of N applied before the seeding, in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps and in the root tuber expansion period is 2:6: 2.

2. A method of nitrogen fertilizer application according to claim 1, characterized in that the total amount of N applied per acre is 10 kg.

3. A method of nitrogen fertilizer application according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and urea.

4. A nitrogen fertilizer application method according to claim 1, characterized in that said water deficit comprises: irrigation is not carried out before sowing, 50-90% FC deficit irrigation is carried out in the rapid growth period of the leaf bundle, and 30-90% FC deficit irrigation is carried out in the root tuber expansion period.

5. A nitrogen fertilizer application method according to claim 4, characterized in that said means of irrigation comprises drip irrigation.

6. A nitrogen fertilizer application method according to claim 5, characterized in that the ratio of the number of drip irrigation strips to the number of beet rows is 1: 2.

7. The nitrogen fertilizer application method of claim 1, further comprising applying before said sowingAdding potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, adding K to potash fertilizer₂O, measuring, and applying 7kg per mu; p for phosphatic fertilizers₂O₅And (4) applying 9-11 kg per mu.

8. A method of nitrogen fertilizer application according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that said sugar beets are planted at a row spacing of 50cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm.

9. A nitrogen fertilizer application method as defined in claim 1, wherein the sugar beet growing area comprises arid areas.

10. A nitrogen fertilizer application method according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that said arid area comprises: the annual average temperature is-4 to 9 ℃, the annual precipitation is more than 150 to 200 mm and the annual frost-free period is 140 to 185 days.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of fertilizer management, in particular to a nitrogen fertilizer application method of beet under the condition of water deficiency.

Background

Beet, a two-year-old herbaceous plant, is a main sugar source except sugarcane, has the characteristics of drought tolerance, cold tolerance, salt and alkali tolerance and the like, and is a crop with wide adaptability and strong stress resistance. The production of the beet plays an important role in national economy, and the byproducts of the beet have higher comprehensive utilization value besides being used for preparing sugar. After the introduction of China in 1906, through cultivation and planting for more than a century, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang and inner Mongolia are the main production areas of three beets in China, the planting area of the beets accounts for more than 90% of the area of the beets in China, and the total output accounts for nearly 90% of the area of the beets in China. Among them, the Xinjiang planting area in 2018 accounts for 26.49% of the national planting area, and the yield accounts for 37.65% of the national yield, and the Xinjiang planting area becomes one of important cash crops and locally irreplaceable planting industries in the Xinjiang reclamation area and is also an important postshield for the development of local animal husbandry. However, with the increase of the whole area of beet planting area and sugar yield, the quality is continuously reduced, mainly because the agricultural production system is seriously dependent on the application of nitrogen fertilizer in recent years, the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes the low utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, but also reduces the yield and quality of crops, even destroys the ecological environment of farmlands, and seriously affects the sustainable utilization of farmlands.

Although researchers have conducted intensive studies on nitrogen application amount, irrigation amount and the like of the beets, few reports are made on nitrogen fertilizer management of the beets under deficit irrigation conditions.

In view of the above, there is a need for a nitrogen fertilizer application method that can effectively improve the yield of sugar beet and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer under the condition of water deficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer application method of beet under the condition of water deficiency. The method provided by the invention can effectively improve the yield of the beet and the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer application method of beet under the condition of water deficiency, which comprises the following steps: applying nitrogen fertilizer before beet seeding, in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps and in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is counted by N, and the mass ratio of N applied before the seeding, in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps and in the root tuber expansion period is 2:6: 2.

Preferably, the total amount of N applied per acre is 10 kg.

Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and urea.

Preferably, the water deficit comprises: irrigation is not carried out before sowing, 50-90% FC deficit irrigation is carried out in the rapid growth period of the leaf bundle, and 30-90% FC deficit irrigation is carried out in the root tuber expansion period.

Preferably, the irrigation means comprises drip irrigation.

Preferably, the ratio of the number of drip irrigation strips to the number of beet rows is 1: 2.

Preferably, the method also comprises applying a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer before sowing, wherein the potassium fertilizer is K₂O, measuring, and applying 7kg per mu; p for phosphatic fertilizers₂O₅And (4) applying 9-11 kg per mu.

Preferably, the beet has a planting row spacing of 50cm and a planting row spacing of 20 cm.

Preferably, the planting area of the beet comprises a drought area.

Preferably, the arid region comprises: the annual average temperature is-4 to 9 ℃, the annual precipitation is more than 150 to 200 mm and the annual frost-free period is 140 to 185 days.

Has the advantages that:

the invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer application method of beet under the condition of water deficiency, which comprises the following steps: applying nitrogen fertilizer before beet seeding, in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps and in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is counted by N, and the mass ratio of N applied before the seeding, in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps and in the root tuber expansion period is 2:6: 2. According to the invention, by applying a proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer at different periods of the beet, the yield of the beet and the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer can be effectively improved. As can be seen from the examples, compared with the existing nitrogen fertilizer application method, the nitrogen fertilizer application method provided by the invention has the advantages that the yield of the beet root tuber is increased by 42.2-47.6%, the sugar yield is increased by 51.0-63.4%, and the sugar content is increased by 6.3-10.7%.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer application method of beet under the condition of water deficiency, which comprises the following steps: applying nitrogen fertilizer before beet seeding, in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps and in the root tuber expansion period, wherein the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is counted by N, and the mass ratio of N applied before the seeding, in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps and in the root tuber expansion period is 2:6: 2.

In the invention, the rapid growth period of the leaf cluster of the beet preferably comprises 45-90 days after seedling emergence; the root tuber expanding period preferably comprises 90-120 days after seedling emergence. Applying nitrogen fertilizer before seeding, in the rapid growth period of leaf cluster and in the root tuber expansion period, preferably not applying nitrogen fertilizer in the seedling period and the sugar accumulation period; the total amount of N applied per mu is preferably 10 kg; the nitrogen fertilizer preferably comprises a nitrogen fertilizer with good water solubility; the nitrogen fertilizer with good water solubility preferably comprises one or more of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and urea, and more preferably urea. The present invention has no particular requirement on the source of the nitrogen fertilizer and may be applied using commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art. By applying a proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer in different periods of the beet, the invention not only can effectively improve the yield of the beet and the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer, but also reduces the environmental pollution caused by excessive nitrogen application.

In the present invention, the water deficit preferably includes: before sowing, irrigation is not carried out, 50-90% FC deficit irrigation is carried out in the rapid growth period of the leaf bundle, and 30-90% FC deficit irrigation is carried out in the root tuber expansion period; more preferably: before sowing, irrigation is not carried out, 50% FC deficit irrigation is carried out in the rapid growth period of a leaf bundle, and 30% FC deficit irrigation is carried out in the root tuber expansion period; the irrigation means preferably comprises drip irrigation; the ratio of the number of drip irrigation strips to the number of beet rows is preferably 1: 2. The invention reduces the irrigation amount and the production cost on the premise of ensuring the yield and the quality of the beet by performing deficit irrigation with proper amount in the specific growth period of the beet.

In the invention, before sowing, the method also comprises the application of a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, wherein the potassium fertilizer is K₂O, measuring, and applying 7kg per mu; the potash fertilizer preferably includes one or more of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, and plant ash. The source of the potash fertilizer in the present invention is not particularly required, and commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art may be used. The potassium fertilizer of the inventionCan promote plant growth, ensure the smooth progress of various metabolic processes, and enhance the capability of resisting plant diseases and insect pests and lodging.

P for phosphatic fertilizers₂O₅Applying 9-11 kg, preferably 9.8kg, per mu; the phosphate fertilizer of the present invention preferably comprises one or more of monocalcium superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate. The source of the phosphate fertilizer is not particularly required in the invention, and the phosphate fertilizer can be obtained by adopting commercial products well known to those skilled in the art. The phosphate fertilizer has the functions of increasing crop yield and increasing sugar of beet.

In the invention, the beet is preferably planted at a row spacing of 50cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm; the planting density of the beet is preferably 6670 plants/mu. The invention can improve the yield and quality of the beet by proper planting density.

In the present invention, the planting area of the sugar beet preferably includes arid area; the arid region preferably comprises: the annual average temperature is-4 to 9 ℃, the annual precipitation is more than 150 to 200 mm and the annual frost-free period is 140 to 185 days, the region further preferably comprises a farming region in a cold region, and more preferably comprises a northern Xinjiang region north of Tianshan of Xinjiang; the planting area of the beet preferably comprises a river, a kuchen, an Ili or a Tacheng, more preferably a river reclamation area; the beet planting mode preferably comprises a non-continuous cropping mode.

The variety of sugar beet of the present invention preferably includes: BETA356, BETA796, KWS 9147; KWS 7156; one or more of KWS3410, HI0466, HI 1003. The source of the seed of the sugar beet is not particularly required in the present invention, and commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art may be used.

To further illustrate the present invention, the method of applying nitrogen fertilizer to beet under water deficit conditions provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for applying a nitrogenous fertilizer to beet under the condition of water deficiency comprises the following steps:

(1) experimental Material

The beet variety is BETA356, and the nitrogenous fertilizer variety is urea; the test area is a test station of an agricultural college of the river university, the elevation in the test station is 428m, the frost-free period is 168-171 d, the annual sunshine hours are 2721-2818 h, and the activity accumulated temperature of not less than 10 ℃ is 3570-3729 ℃. The annual precipitation is 125.0-207.7 mm, and belongs to a typical temperate zone continental climate. The soil in the test area is grey desert soil, the texture is heavy loam, the field water capacity in a soil layer of 0-40 cm is 19.97%, and the volume weight is 1.68g cm^-3The organic matter content of the soil of the plough layer is 13.41 g.kg^-1Quick-acting potassium 156.31 mg/kg^-1Quick-acting phosphorus 25.45 mg/kg^-1Total nitrogen 0.77 g/kg^-1The previous crop is corn.

(2) Design and method

The method is characterized in that a field control method is adopted to control soil moisture of 0-40 cm soil depth in different growth periods, namely, a water irrigation lower limit of 50% FC (FC is field water holding capacity) and a root tuber expansion period of 30% FC are set in a beet leaf cluster period, deficiency irrigation is carried out on the upper limit of 90% FC, when the water content of 0-40 cm soil measured by a Watermark water potential meter buried in each cell is reduced to a set range, the water irrigation of the cell is carried out to a target water content after correction by combining a drying method.

Control tests of nitrogen application amount and nitrogen application period were carried out on the basis of deficit irrigation. The nitrogen application amount is set at 3 levels, namely, pure nitrogen is applied at 0 kg-ha respectively in the growth period of the beet^-1(N0)、150kg·ha^-1(N1)、225kg·ha^-1(N2), control with no nitrogen treatment (i.e., N0). The nitrogen application period was set at 3 levels, i.e., the dressing ratio was 20:60:20(T1), 30:50:20(T2), and 40:40:20(T3) before sowing, at the leaf cluster stage, and at the root tuber expansion stage, respectively, for a total of 7 treatments, which were repeated 3 times per treatment. The area of the small area is 3 multiplied by 6 which is 18m²1m protective line is arranged among all the cells, and the application amount of phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate) and potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate) is converted into K₂O 105kg·ha^-1、P₂O₅147 kg·ha^-1All as base fertilizer to be applied at one time. The nitrogen fertilizer is urea (nitrogen content is 46%), and is applied with water drops in three stages of rapid growth period of leaf cluster and root tuber expansion period before sowing. The row spacing configuration mode of the plants is 50cm multiplied by 20cm (row spacing)50cm, plant spacing 20cm), the drip irrigation zone is in a '1-tube 2' mode, i.e. 1 capillary controls 2 rows of beets. The irrigation amount of each treatment is regulated and deficit irrigation according to the lower limit of 50% FC irrigation in the leaf cluster period and 30% FC irrigation in the root tuber expansion period. Sowing in 2019, 4, 21 days, and emergence of seedlings in 5, 2 days, in order to ensure emergence of seedlings, dripping water to reach the saturated water content of soil after sowing, fixing seedlings to a hole for one plant in the three-leaf stage, dissolving nitrogen fertilizer in water during the first irrigation in the leaf-clump stage, and applying water in a dripping manner, wherein the irrigation quantity is 77.7m³(ii) a The water is applied along with water once in the root expanding period, and the irrigation quantity is 55.0m³Other management such as disease, pest and weed are the same as in the field.

(3) Experimental methods

And (3) after each growth period of the beet is finished, selecting 3 plants with consistent growth vigor for destructive sampling, weighing and bagging the leaves, the petioles and the tuberous roots respectively, deactivating enzymes in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 30min, drying at 65 ℃ to constant weight after the deactivation of enzymes is finished, and weighing dry substances. The method comprises the following steps of (1) removing green heads after root tubers are pulled out in a beet harvesting period, weighing each treatment yield, actually measuring the sugar content by using a refractometer, and calculating parameters such as nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency, irrigation water utilization efficiency, water-sugar ratio, sugar yield and the like:

irrigation water use Efficiency (irrigationwaters Efficiency, iWUE) ═ root crop yield/water consumption;

nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization Efficiency (NAE) ═ yield in nitrogen-applying area-yield without nitrogen application)/nitrogen application amount;

the water-sugar ratio is the sugar yield/water consumption;

the sugar yield is the root yield per unit area multiplied by the sugar content of the root tuber.

(4) Data calculation and analysis

Data analysis was performed with SPSS 25.0, where multiple comparisons were performed using the LSD method, with lower case letters indicating significant differences at the 0.05 level; two or more data in the same column contain the same lower case letters, which means that the two or more data are not significantly different.

Indicates that the difference was extremely significant, indicates that the difference was significant, and ns indicates that the difference was not significant.

(5) Data of

TABLE 1 analysis of yield of drop-irrigation beets under different nitrogen fertilizer operations

As can be seen from Table 1, under the condition of deficit irrigation, the yield of the beet dripped irrigation increases and decreases along with the increase of the nitrogen application amount and the nitrogen application proportion before sowing, and the agronomic utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer, the utilization efficiency of irrigation water and the yield change trend are consistent and reach the maximum after the treatment of N2T1, which are 117.24 multiplied by 10 respectively³kg·hm^-2、0.24×10³kg·kg^-1And 17.10kg · m^-3The root tuber sugar content is respectively reduced and increased along with the increase of nitrogen application amount and nitrogen application proportion before sowing, and the treatment is the highest (17.85%) in N1T1, which shows that the application of nitrogen fertilizer under deficit irrigation can improve the root tuber yield, the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency and the irrigation water utilization efficiency, but the application of excessive nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the root tuber sugar content, and the promotion effect on the sugar yield and the water-sugar ratio is not obvious. The sugar content of beet achieves the most significant level in nitrogen application, base addition ratio and interaction, and other indexes except the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer have significant difference in the treatment of nitrogen application and base addition ratio, but no difference exists between the interaction of nitrogen application and base addition ratio. Comprehensively, the most suitable nitrogen fertilizer application scheme is N1T1, namely the nitrogen fertilizer application scheme provided by the invention.

Example 2

A method for applying a nitrogenous fertilizer to beet under the condition of water deficiency comprises the following steps:

(1) cultivation region: selecting a farming region of a test station of a college of agriculture of the river university, wherein the farming region is a cold region, and the crops planted in the previous year are corns; the planting area is 667m²I.e. 1 mu.

(2) Variety selection: selecting sugar beet BETA 356;

(3) application of base fertilizer: 21.3kg of calcium superphosphate and 14kg of potassium sulfate are added. (P of superphosphate)₂O₅The content was 46%, i.e. P applied₂O₅21.3kg × 46% ═ 9.8 kg; k in potassium sulfate₂The content of O is 50%, i.e. K applied₂O14 kg × 50% ═ 7.0kg)

(4) Before sowing (No. 4/21 2019): soil preparation, deep ploughing of nitrogen fertilizer application, seeding and capillary laying. The nitrogen fertilizer applied was urea, which weighed 4.35kg (about 46% of the nitrogen content of urea, i.e. 4.35kg × 46% of pure nitrogen applied to 2 kg). The row spacing of the beet is 50cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the number of the seedlings per mu is 6670. The beet adopts a planting mode of 1 tube and 2 rows, namely 1 capillary irrigates 2 rows of beet, and the capillary is laid between the 1 st and 2 nd rows.

(5) And (3) seedling stage: no nitrogen fertilizer is applied;

(6) fast growth period of leaf clumps (No. 12 in 6 months in 2019 to No. 28 in 7 months in 2019): in the period, 50% FC deficit irrigation management is carried out, drip irrigation is carried out for 2 times in a water control period, the drip irrigation dates are 6 months, 27 days and 7 months, 20 days, 13.04kg of urea is applied along with water during the first drip irrigation, and no fertilizer is applied during the second drip irrigation. (Urea has a nitrogen content of about 46%, i.e.13.04 kg. times.0.46 kg. about.6 kg of pure nitrogen is applied)

(7) Root tuber swelling period (7 month No. 28 of 2019 to 8 month No. 28 of 2019): during this period, 30% FC deficit irrigation was carried out for 1 time, the drip irrigation date was 8 months and 15 days, and 4.35kg of urea was applied with water during the first drip irrigation. (urea has a nitrogen content of about 46%, i.e., 4.35 kg. times.46%: 2kg) of pure nitrogen is applied)

(8) Sugar accumulation period: no nitrogen fertilizer was applied.

(9) And setting a control area without applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the conditions are the same except that nitrogen is not applied in the growth period, thereby calculating the agronomic utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer.

Note: soil preparation, seeding, pipe laying and field management are the same as local field management.

Example 3

A method for applying a nitrogenous fertilizer to beet under the condition of water deficiency comprises the following steps:

(1) cultivation region: selecting a farming region of a test station of a college of agriculture of the university of rock river, wherein the farming region is a cold region, and the crops planted in the previous year are tomatoes; the planting area is 667 square meters, namely 1 mu.

(2) Variety selection: selecting sugar beet BETA 356;

(3) application of base fertilizer: 21.3kg of calcium superphosphate and 14kg of potassium sulfate are added. (the pure phosphorus content of the superphosphate is 46%, i.e. 21.3kg × 46% ═ 9.8kg of pure phosphorus are applied; the pure potassium content of the potassium sulfate used in this example is 50%, i.e. 14kg × 50%: 7.0kg of pure potassium are applied)

(4) Before sowing (No. 5/18 2020): soil preparation, nitrogen fertilizer broadcasting, deep ploughing, sowing and capillary laying. The applied nitrogen fertilizer was urea, which weighed 4.35 kg. The row spacing of the beet is 50cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the number of the seedlings per mu is 6670. The beet adopts a planting mode of 1 tube and 2 rows, namely 1 capillary irrigates 2 rows of beet, and the capillary is laid between the 1 st and 2 nd rows.

(5) And (3) seedling stage: no nitrogen fertilizer is applied;

(6) fast growth period of leaf clumps (No. 16/7/2020-No. 22/8/2020): in the period, 50% FC deficit irrigation is carried out, drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time in a water control period, the drip irrigation date is 8 months and 7 days, and 13.04kg of urea is applied along with water during the first drip irrigation. (Urea has a nitrogen content of about 46%, i.e.13.04 kg. times.0.46 kg. about.6 kg of pure nitrogen is applied)

(7) Tuberous root expansion period (No. 8/22/2020-No. 9/22): in this period, 30% FC deficit irrigation is carried out, drip irrigation is carried out for 2 times, and the drip irrigation dates are 8 months, 29 days and 9 months, 11 days. 4.35kg of urea is applied with water during the first drip irrigation. (urea has a nitrogen content of about 46%, i.e., 4.35 kg. times.46%: 2kg) of pure nitrogen is applied)

(8) Sugar accumulation period: no nitrogen fertilizer was applied.

(9) And setting a control area without applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the conditions are the same except that nitrogen is not applied in the growth period, thereby calculating the agronomic utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer.

Note: soil preparation, seeding, pipe laying and field management are the same as local field management.

Comparative example 1

A nitrogen fertilizer application method of beets under water deficit condition similar to that of example 2, except that 8.7kg of urea (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e., 8.7kg × 46%: 4kg of pure nitrogen) was applied before sowing, 8.7kg of urea (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e., 8.7kg × 46%: 4kg of pure nitrogen) was applied in the rapid growth phase of the leaf clump, and 4.35kg of urea (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e., 4.35kg × 46%: 2kg of pure nitrogen) was applied in the tuberous root expansion phase per mu of land.

Comparative example 2

A nitrogen fertilizer application method of beets under water deficit condition similar to that of example 3, except that 8.7kg of urea (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e., pure nitrogen application: 8.7kg × 46%: 4kg) was applied before sowing, 8.7kg of urea was applied during the rapid growth phase of the leaf clump (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e., pure nitrogen application: 8.7kg × 46%: 4kg), and 4.35kg of urea was applied during the tuberous root expansion phase (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e., pure nitrogen application: 4.35kg × 46%: 2 kg).

Comparative example 3

A nitrogen fertilizer application method of beets under water deficit condition similar to that of example 2, except that 6.52kg of urea (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e. pure nitrogen application: 6.52kg × 46%: 3kg) was applied before sowing, 10.87kg of urea was applied during the rapid growth phase of the leaf clump (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e. pure nitrogen application: 10.87kg × 46%: 5kg), and 4.35kg of urea was applied during the tuberous root expansion phase (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e. pure nitrogen application: 4.35kg × 46%: 2 kg).

Comparative example 4

A nitrogen fertilizer application method of beets under water deficit condition similar to that of example 3, except that 6.52kg of urea (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e. pure nitrogen amount: 6.52kg × 46%: 3kg) was applied before sowing, 10.87kg of urea was applied in the rapid growth phase of the leaf clump (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e. pure nitrogen amount: 10.87kg × 46%: 5kg), and 4.35kg of urea was applied in the tuberous root expansion phase (about 46% of nitrogen content of urea, i.e. pure nitrogen amount: 4.35kg × 46%: 2kg) were applied per mu of land.

Comparative example 5

A nitrogen fertilizer applying method for beet under normal irrigation condition features that 21.74kg of urea (about 46% of nitrogen content in urea, 21.74X 46%: 10kg) is applied to each mu of land before sowing, and no urea is applied to the growing period of leaf cluster and root tuber during expansion period.

Comparative example 6

A local existing nitrogen fertilizer application method comprises the step of irrigating water 1350-1427 m in the whole growth period of beet³ hm^-2Under the condition, 21.74kg of urea is applied to each mu of land before sowing (the nitrogen content of the urea is about 46 percent, namely the applied pure nitrogen content is 21.74kg multiplied by 46 percent which is 10kg), the urea is not applied to the rapid growth period of the leaf cluster and the root tuber expansion period, and other detailed management is shown in documents [ Lizhi, Lisinolong, Sunpuan cynanchum, Suwen bin, Yangfuyi, Zuoying ] and the influence of the nitrogen supply of drip irrigation water under the film on the assimilation and utilization of the betanin [ J, Lizhi, Lisinong, Sunpuan, Shuxue ] is]The journal of plant physiology, 2019,55(06): 803-.

Application example 1

The same sampling analysis method as the step (3) in the example 1 is adopted to measure the agronomic utilization efficiency, the sugar content, the sugar yield and the yield of the nitrogen fertilizers in the examples 2, 3 and 1-4, and the measurement results are shown in a table 2.

TABLE 2 results of sugar beet assay for different treatment groups

As can be seen from Table 2, the nitrogen fertilizer application method provided by the invention has the advantages that the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is 18.8-20%, and compared with the nitrogen application treatment of comparative examples 1-5, the nitrogen application treatment is optimal; the nitrogen fertilizer application method provided by the invention has higher sugar yield and yield than the comparison ratio of 1-5; compared with the prior local cultivation technical mode (comparative example 6), the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the beet by the nitrogen fertilizer application method provided by the invention can reach 18.08-18.7%, the yield is increased by 42.2-47.6%, the sugar yield is increased by 51.0-63.4%, the sugar content is increased by 6.3-10.7%, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and the sugar yield quality can be effectively improved, and the economic benefit of sugar farmers is greatly improved.

In conclusion, compared with the existing nitrogen fertilizer application method, the nitrogen fertilizer application method provided by the invention has the advantages that the nitrogen consumption and the time period are more accurate, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, the per unit yield of beet, the sugar content of root tuber and the sugar yield are obviously improved; and environmental pollution caused by excessive nitrogen application can be reduced, and the cost is reduced.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.