Outdoor box type compost fermentation method in plateau high-cold area

文档序号：1884015 发布日期：2021-11-26 浏览：40次中文

阅读说明：本技术 高原高寒地区室外箱式堆肥发酵方法 (Outdoor box type compost fermentation method in plateau high-cold area ) 是由杨卫红于 2021-02-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于堆肥发酵技术领域,具体涉及高原高寒地区室外箱式堆肥发酵方法,包括以下步骤：S1：在动物粪便中加入秸秆、尿素和高原菌种,得到混合物；S2：搅拌S1中得到的混合物,调整所述混合物的含水量为50-60重量％；S3：打开堆肥发酵箱的4个进料门,将搅拌均匀的混合物加入到堆肥发酵箱内,关闭堆肥发酵箱的4个进料门。打开电源,发酵过程中保持混合物温度60℃；S4：发酵至混合物温度低于35℃,停止发酵,得到发酵产物。经过3—5天的发酵时间,能腐熟发酵产物中的杂草种粒,保持无机养分不流失,发酵过程中无需翻堆,无液体移除,无臭味,环保。经过15天左右的时间,将牛羊粪发酵腐熟移除发酵箱,堆放5-7天,产物可直接还田的有机肥料。(The invention belongs to the technical field of compost fermentation, and particularly relates to an outdoor box type compost fermentation method in a plateau alpine region, which comprises the following steps: s1: adding straw, urea and plateau strain into animal waste to obtain a mixture; s2: stirring the mixture obtained in S1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50-60 wt%; s3: opening 4 feeding doors of the compost fermentation box, adding the uniformly stirred mixture into the compost fermentation box, and closing 4 feeding doors of the compost fermentation box. Turning on a power supply, and keeping the temperature of the mixture at 60 ℃ in the fermentation process; s4: fermenting until the temperature of the mixture is lower than 35 ℃, and stopping fermentation to obtain a fermentation product. After 3-5 days of fermentation, the weed seeds in the fermentation product can be decomposed, the inorganic nutrients are kept from losing, pile turning is not needed in the fermentation process, no liquid is removed, no odor is generated, and the environment is protected. After 15 days or so, fermenting and decomposing the cattle and sheep manure, removing the fermentation box, stacking for 5-7 days, and returning the product to the field directly.)

1. An outdoor box type compost fermentation method in plateau severe cold areas is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: adding straw, urea and plateau strain into animal waste to obtain a mixture;

s2: stirring the mixture obtained in S1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50-60 wt%;

s3: opening 4 feeding doors of the compost fermentation box, adding the uniformly stirred mixture into the compost fermentation box, and closing 4 feeding doors of the compost fermentation box. Turning on a power supply, and keeping the temperature of the mixture at 60 ℃ in the fermentation process;

s4: fermenting until the temperature of the mixture is lower than 35 ℃, and stopping fermentation to obtain a fermentation product.

2. The outdoor box-type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the animal manure in the S1 is cow manure or sheep manure, the straw is highland barley straw, and the plateau strain comprises 30-40% of bacillus subtilis, 12-18% of bacillus mucilaginosus, 18-22% of actinomycetes, 0.5-2% of thermophilic bacteria, 1-3% of aerobic bacteria, 10-15% of mould, 4-6% of lactobacillus plantarum, 0.5-2% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2-4% of protease bacteria and 4-6% of pathogenic bacteria inhibiting bacteria by weight based on 100% of the total weight of the plateau strain.

3. The outdoor box type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the animal waste has a sand content of less than or equal to 3% by weight.

4. The outdoor box-type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture in S1 is 25-30: 1; the mixture is neutral.

5. The outdoor box-type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: based on the animal waste, the adding amount of the urea is 0.05-0.2%, the adding amount of the plateau strain is 0.1-0.3%, the adding amount of the straw is 0.2-0.6%, and the straw is paved on the animal waste.

6. The outdoor box-type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: in S2, the adjusting process includes adding tap water or well water to the mixture.

7. The outdoor box-type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: in the S3, the mixture temperature is controlled to be 60 ℃ by controlling the external power supply to heat and increase the temperature during the fermentation process.

8. The outdoor box type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the steps further include: stacking the fermentation product for 5-7 days, and turning over the mixture once a day during stacking.

9. The outdoor box type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: in S3, the compost fermentation box includes fermentation box (1), fermentation box (1) is fermentation box (1) of length 2300 millimeters wide 1500 millimeters wide 1200 millimeters high 1200 millimeters become 4.14 cubic meters, fermentation box (1) both sides are equipped with water tank (2), microelement solution case (3) and two feed inlets (4), fermentation box (1) top is equipped with gas vent (5), fermentation box (1) openly articulates there are two business turn over material door (6), fermentation box (1) is connected with heating device (7), heating device (7) are including two sets of heating equipment (8) and thermocouple (9), one side of fermentation box (1) is equipped with control box (10).

10. The outdoor box-type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: the two sides and the rear vertical face of the fermentation box body (1) are both connected with heat preservation cotton, and one side of the fermentation box body (1) is connected with a stair.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of compost fermentation, and particularly relates to an outdoor box type compost fermentation method in a plateau alpine region.

Background

The Tibetan belongs to a high and cold area in a plateau, the region is wide, the population is rare, the method is suitable for growth of most animals, a large amount of excrement can be produced in the feeding process, if relevant treatment cannot be carried out, the living environment of people can be affected, local people use the fermentation of the animal excrement as soil fertilizer, the outdoor cattle and sheep excrement is fermented for 3 tons/pile, the loess, the urea and the leavening agent are added into the 300-500 mm cattle and sheep excrement, the data of the loess and the urea are unknown, and the leavening agent is 3 kilograms/ton of cattle and sheep excrement. The pile is about 1 m high. Then covering with black plastic film, measuring the fermentation temperature for several times in the fermentation process, wherein the maximum temperature is less than 40 ℃, fermenting for 90 days, and turning over once every 30 days. The composting fermentation is started in 11-12 months every year, and the animal manure is returned to the field in 3 months next year, the existing animal manure fermentation method has the advantages that the fermentation time is as long as 90 days under the high and cold conditions of plateaus, the fermentation temperature is low, weed grains in animal manure cannot be decomposed, the content of organic matters in cattle and sheep manure cannot be increased by more than 3-5%, the loss of inorganic nutrients is 0.5-1%, harmful substances cannot meet the industrial standard (NY525-2012), the fermentation cost is high, the number of times of pile turning is large, the land occupation is large, the environment is not protected, part of liquid substances flow out, part of odor drifts, the yield increasing effect of fermentation products on highland barley is not obvious, in addition, the crop can generate plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process, the weeds are more, and the yield increasing effect cannot be achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the problems raised by the above background art, the present invention is directed to: aims to provide an outdoor box type compost fermentation method in plateau alpine regions.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an outdoor box type compost fermentation method in plateau severe cold areas is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: adding straw, urea and plateau strain into animal waste to obtain a mixture;

s2: stirring the mixture obtained in S1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50-60 wt%;

s4: fermenting until the temperature of the mixture is lower than 35 ℃, and stopping fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;

further limiting, the animal waste in the S1 is cow dung or sheep dung, the straw is highland barley straw, and the plateau strain comprises 30-40% of bacillus subtilis, 12-18% of bacillus mucilaginosus, 18-22% of actinomycetes, 0.5-2% of thermophilic bacteria, 1-3% of aerobic bacteria, 10-15% of mould, 4-6% of lactobacillus plantarum, 0.5-2% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2-4% of protease bacteria and 4-6% of pathogenic bacteria inhibiting ratio by weight based on 100% of total weight of the plateau strain.

Further defined, the animal manure has a sand content of less than or equal to 3% by weight.

Further limiting, in the S1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 25-30: 1; the mixture is neutral.

Further limiting, based on the animal manure, the adding amount of the urea is 0.05-0.2% by weight, the adding amount of the plateau strain is 0.1-0.3% by weight, the adding amount of the straw is 0.2-0.6% by weight, and the straw is paved on the animal manure.

Further defined in S2, the adjusting includes adding tap water or well water to the mixture. The structural design enables the adjusting effect to be better.

Further, in the step S3, the temperature of the mixture is controlled to 60 ℃ by controlling the external power source to heat up during the fermentation process. The structural design is convenient for controlling the temperature.

The outdoor box type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the steps further include: stacking the fermentation product for 5-7 days, and turning over the mixture once a day during stacking. The structural design makes the fermentation effect better.

The outdoor box type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: in S3, the compost fermentation tank includes a fermentation tank body, the fermentation tank body is a fermentation tank body with a length of 2300 mm, a width of 1500 mm, and a height of 1200 mm, i.e., 4.14 cubic meters, two sides of the fermentation tank body are provided with a water tank, a trace element solution tank and two feed inlets, the top of the fermentation tank body is provided with an exhaust port, the front of the fermentation tank body is hinged with two feed and discharge doors, the fermentation tank body is connected with a heating device, the heating device comprises two groups of heating devices and thermocouples, and one side of the fermentation tank body is provided with a control box. Such structural design makes the fermenting case result of use better.

Further limiting, the two sides and the rear vertical face of the fermentation box body are both connected with heat preservation cotton, and one side of the fermentation box body is connected with a stair. Such structural design increases heat retaining effect to conveniently walk to fermentation tank body top through the stair, supply water source and microelement solution to water tank and microelement solution case.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention adopts an independently developed outdoor box type compost fermentation method in plateau alpine regions, adopts plateau strains, doubly raises the temperature, ferments animal wastes, can improve the fermentation temperature in the fermentation process, reduces the fermentation time, improves the fermentation efficiency, can also improve the death rate of roundworms in the animal wastes in the fermentation process, adjusts the water content and the temperature of the mixture before fermentation, can activate the plateau strains, improves the activity of the plateau strains, and thus improves the fermentation efficiency. By box type fermentation, weed seeds in the fermentation product can be decomposed, the content of organic matters can be increased by more than 3-5%, and inorganic nutrients are kept from losing. The harmful substances reach the industrial standard (NY525-2012), the operation is simple, the stack turning is not needed in the fermentation process, no liquid is removed, no odor is generated, the environment is protected, and the occupied area is small.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the non-limiting examples given in the accompanying drawings;

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a compost fermentation tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a compost fermentation tank according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 shows parameters measured by an embodiment of the method for fermenting outdoor box-type compost in a plateau alpine region according to the invention;

the main element symbols are as follows:

the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank body 1, a water tank 2, a trace element solution tank 3, a feeding hole 4, an exhaust hole 5, a feeding and discharging door 6, a heating device 7, heating equipment 8, a thermocouple 9 and a control box 10.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention, the following technical solutions are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

The invention discloses an outdoor box type compost fermentation method in a plateau alpine region, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: adding straw, urea and plateau strain into animal waste to obtain a mixture;

s2: stirring the mixture obtained in S1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50-60 wt%;

s4: fermenting until the temperature of the mixture is lower than 35 ℃, and stopping fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;

preferably, the animal manure in the S1 is cow manure or sheep manure, the straw is highland barley straw, and the plateau strains comprise 30-40% of bacillus subtilis, 12-18% of bacillus mucilaginosus, 18-22% of actinomycetes, 0.5-2% of thermophilic bacteria, 1-3% of aerobic bacteria, 10-15% of mould, 4-6% of lactobacillus plantarum, 0.5-2% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2-4% of protease bacteria and 4-6% of pathogenic bacteria by weight based on 100% of total weight of the plateau strains.

Preferably, the animal waste has a sand content of less than or equal to 3% by weight.

Preferably in S1, the mixture has a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25-30: 1; the mixture was neutral.

Preferably, based on animal manure, the adding amount of urea is 0.05-0.2%, the adding amount of plateau strain is 0.1-0.3%, the adding amount of straw is 0.2-0.6%, and the straw is paved on the animal manure.

Preferably in S2, the conditioning process includes adding tap or well water to the mixture. The structural design enables the adjusting effect to be better.

Preferably, in S3, the mixture temperature is controlled to 60 ℃ by controlling the external power supply to heat up the mixture during the fermentation process. The structural design is convenient for controlling the temperature.

The outdoor box type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the method also comprises the following steps: stacking the fermented product for 5-7 days while turning over the mixture once a day. The structural design makes the fermentation effect better.

The outdoor box type compost fermentation method in the plateau alpine region according to any one of claims 1 to 8, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, characterized in that: in S3, the compost fermentation box comprises a fermentation box body 1, the fermentation box body 1 is a fermentation box body 1 with the length of 2300 mm, the width of 1500 mm and the height of 1200 mm being 4.14 cubic meters, two sides of the fermentation box body 1 are provided with a water tank 2, a trace element solution box 3 and two feed inlets 4, the top of the fermentation box body 1 is provided with an exhaust port 5, the front of the fermentation box body 1 is hinged with two feeding and discharging doors 6, the fermentation box body 1 is connected with a heating device 7, the heating device 7 comprises two groups of heating devices 8 and a thermocouple 9, and one side of the fermentation box body 1 is provided with a control box 10. Such structural design makes the fermenting case result of use better.

Preferably, the two sides and the rear vertical surface of the fermentation box body 1 are both connected with heat preservation cotton, and one side of the fermentation box body 1 is connected with a stair. Such structural design increases heat retaining effect to conveniently walk to fermentation tank 1 top through the stair, supply water source and microelement solution to water tank 2 and microelement solution tank 3.

The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples,

in the following examples, the carbon to nitrogen ratio was measured according to national standard NY 525-2012; the water content is measured by a vacuum oven method, and the test parameters are as follows: weighing and counting by using a flat weighing bottle before drying, then weighing by adding a test sample, subtracting the flat weighing bottle from the flat weighing bottle to obtain the quality of a sample before drying, putting the flat weighing bottle with the test sample into an electric heating vacuum drying oven, adjusting the temperature to 50 ℃, standing for 2 hours, taking out and weighing, subtracting the dried flat weighing bottle from the flat weighing bottle with the test sample before drying to obtain the quality of the sample after drying, and finally dividing the quality of the sample after drying by multiplying the quality of the sample before drying by one hundred percent to calculate the moisture. The testing instrument mainly comprises an electric heating vacuum drying box, the instrument manufacturer is Yongguang medical instrument limited company in Beijing, the model is DZF, and the national standard is GB/T8576. The content of ascaris lumbricoides after fermentation is measured by GB/T19524.2-2004 method, and is sent to Wuhan Zhongnong of third party for detection, and cow dung and sheep dung are purchased from autonomous region of Tibet, Japanese Ka City (eighteen one counties), and the sand content is 2 wt%; urea available from Wanyuan chemical Co Ltd in Xinjiang, the nitrogen content of which is more than or equal to 46.4%; bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, actinomycetes, thermophilic bacteria, aerobic bacteria, mould, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, protease bacteria and pathogenic bacteria inhibiting bacteria are respectively purchased from Wuhanyizhong biotechnology limited company, and the product number is WHYZ 20180813.

Example 1

Configuring plateau strains: mixing 35g of bacillus subtilis, 15g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 20.5g of actinomycetes, 1g of thermophilic bacteria, 2g of aerobic bacteria, 12.5g of mould, 5g of lactobacillus plantarum, 1g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 3g of protease bacteria and 5g of pathogenic bacteria inhibiting bacteria to obtain plateau strains;

placing 25kg of fresh sheep manure and 25kg of fresh cow manure into a fermentation tank, flatly paving until the thickness of the fresh sheep manure and the fresh cow manure is 500mm, laying 0.2kg of highland barley straws on the sheep manure and the cow manure, adding 0.08kg of urea and 0.08kg of plateau strain, uniformly mixing to ensure that the mixture is neutral, and measuring the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be 27-1%;

adding 15kg of water, and after uniformly mixing, measuring the water content of the mixture to be 55 wt%;

putting the mixture into a compost fermentation box, starting a heating power supply to ensure that the temperature of the mixture is lower than 60 ℃, and ending fermentation when the temperature of the mixture is lower than 35 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product;

removing the fermented and decomposed product from the compost fermentation box, and stacking in the open for 6 days while turning over once a day during stacking.

Example 2

Configuring plateau strains: mixing 45g of bacillus subtilis, 18g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 33g of actinomycetes, 3g of thermophilic bacteria, 4.5g of aerobic bacteria, 22.5g of mould, 6g of lactobacillus plantarum, 3g of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6g of protease bacteria and 9g of pathogenic bacteria inhibiting bacteria to obtain plateau strains;

(1) placing 25kg of fresh sheep manure and 25kg of fresh cow manure into a fermentation tank, flatly paving the fermentation tank to enable the thickness of the fermentation tank to be 500mm, laying 0.3kg of highland barley straws on the sheep manure and the cow manure, adding 0.025kg of urea and 0.1kg of plateau strains, uniformly mixing to ensure that the mixture is neutral, and measuring the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to be 28-1;

(2) adding 16kg of water, and after uniformly mixing, measuring the water content of the mixture to be 60 wt%;

(3) putting the mixture into a compost fermentation box, starting a heating power supply to ensure that the temperature of the mixture is lower than 60 ℃, and ending fermentation when the temperature of the mixture is lower than 35 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product;