阅读说明：本技术 一种多光束环绕中心送丝激光熔覆装置 (Multi-beam wire feeding laser cladding device surrounding center ) 是由 韩媛 段开椋 马宝田 于 2021-07-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种多光束环绕中心送丝激光熔覆装置,以解决目前激光熔覆时采用金属丝侧面送丝会导致丝材表面受激光能量分布不均匀,而采用多个反射镜进行激光光束汇聚的中心送丝的装置结构复杂且不稳定的技术问题。该装置包括激光系统和激光熔覆头系统；激光系统包括激光发生器和多个激光输出头；激光熔覆头系统包括送丝管和熔覆头；送丝管,用于固定丝材；熔覆头,包括丝材通道和环绕丝材通道圆周均布的多个激光通道；激光通道与激光输出头连接；送丝管穿设于所述丝材通道；丝材通道的延伸线与所述多个激光通道的延伸线交汇于熔覆头下方同一点。本发明提供的装置丝材受热均匀,激光熔覆加工质量高,结构稳定。(The invention relates to a multi-beam surrounding center wire feeding laser cladding device, which solves the technical problems that the distribution of laser energy on the surface of a wire material is not uniform due to the fact that the wire feeding is carried out on the side surface of the wire material when the existing laser cladding is carried out, and the structure of the center wire feeding device for carrying out laser beam convergence by adopting a plurality of reflectors is complex and unstable. The device comprises a laser system and a laser cladding head system; the laser system comprises a laser generator and a plurality of laser output heads; the laser cladding head system comprises a wire feeding pipe and a cladding head; the wire feeding pipe is used for fixing wires; the cladding head comprises a wire channel and a plurality of laser channels which are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the wire channel; the laser channel is connected with the laser output head; the wire feeding pipe is arranged in the wire material channel in a penetrating way; the extension lines of the wire material channels and the extension lines of the plurality of laser channels are intersected at the same point below the cladding head. The device provided by the invention has the advantages of uniform heating of the wire material, high laser cladding processing quality and stable structure.)

1. The utility model provides a many beams encircle central wire feed laser cladding device which characterized in that:

comprises a laser system and a laser cladding head system;

the laser system comprises a laser generator and a plurality of laser output heads (14);

the laser generator comprises an electrical module (11) and a plurality of light modules (12); the electric module (11) is connected with one ends of a plurality of optical modules (12), the number of the optical modules (12) is the same as that of the laser output heads (14), and the other ends of the optical modules (12) are correspondingly connected with the laser output heads (14) one by one;

the laser cladding head system comprises a wire feeding pipe (31) and a cladding head;

the wire feeding pipe (31) is used for fixing a wire (42);

the cladding head comprises a wire channel and a plurality of laser channels which are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the wire channel;

the laser channels are connected with the laser output heads (14) in a one-to-one correspondence manner;

the wire feeding pipe (31) is arranged in the wire material channel in a penetrating way;

the extension line of the wire material channel and the extension lines of the laser channels are intersected at the same point below the cladding head.

2. The multi-beam surround center wire feed laser cladding apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the wire feeding pipe (31) is detachably connected with the cladding head.

3. The multi-beam surround center wire feed laser cladding apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein:

the cladding head comprises a fixer (21) and a cladding head main body (22) detachably fixed at the lower end of the fixer (21);

the wire channel comprises a first wire hole (212) arranged in the fixer (21) and a second wire hole (221) arranged in the cladding head main body (22) and aligned with the first wire hole (212);

the laser channel comprises a plurality of first laser holes (211) which are arranged on the fixer (21) and are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the first wire hole (212), and a plurality of second laser holes (222) which are arranged on the cladding head main body (22) and are aligned with the first laser holes (211) one by one;

the wire feeding pipe (31) is arranged in the first wire hole (212) and the second wire hole (221) in a penetrating mode; the output ends of the laser output heads (14) are connected with the upper ends of the first laser holes (211) in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

4. The multi-beam surround center wire feed laser cladding apparatus of claim 3, wherein:

the lower end of the fixer (21) is provided with a first connecting section; the upper end of the cladding head main body (22) is provided with a second connecting section;

at least one first positioning hole (216) is formed in the first connecting section;

second positioning holes (226) corresponding to the first positioning holes (216) are formed in the second connecting section;

the cladding head also comprises at least one positioning bolt which penetrates through the first positioning hole (216) and the second positioning hole (226) to be connected.

5. The multi-beam surround center wire feed laser cladding apparatus of claim 4, wherein:

the cladding head main body (22) is provided with at least one water cooling channel (223).

6. The multi-beam surround center wire feed laser cladding apparatus of claim 3, wherein:

the cladding head also comprises a nozzle (23) which is detachably fixed at the lower end of the cladding head main body (22);

the nozzle (23) is provided with a nozzle cavity, and the extension line of each second laser hole (222) and the extension line of each second wire hole (221) penetrate through the nozzle cavity and meet at the same point below the nozzle (23).

7. The multi-beam surround center wire feed laser cladding apparatus of claim 3, wherein:

the upper end of the first wire hole (212) is provided with a positioning counter bore; the positioning counter bore is provided with a positioning internal thread (219);

the outer wall of the wire feeding pipe (31) is provided with a positioning convex ring (311); the surface of the positioning convex ring (311) is provided with a positioning convex ring external thread (312) matched with the positioning internal thread (219); the wire feeding pipe (31) is connected with the upper end of the first wire hole (212) through a positioning convex ring external thread (312) and a positioning internal thread (219).

8. The multi-beam surround center wire feed laser cladding apparatus of claim 7, wherein:

the length of the positioning convex ring external thread (312) is greater than that of the positioning internal thread (219), a positioner (32) is arranged above the positioning convex ring (311), an inverted T-shaped through hole is formed inside the positioner (32), the lower part of the inverted T-shaped through hole is provided with the positioner internal thread (321) which can be connected with the positioning convex ring external thread (312), and the aperture of the upper part of the inverted T-shaped through hole is the same as the outer diameter of the wire feeding pipe (31).

9. The multi-beam surround center wire feed laser cladding apparatus of claim 8, wherein:

the nozzle chamber is tapered from top to bottom.

10. The multi-beam surround center wire feed laser cladding apparatus of claim 9, wherein:

the wire feeding pipe (31) is a hollow copper pipe with a conical bottom.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a laser cladding device, in particular to a multi-beam surrounding center wire feeding laser cladding device.

Background

The laser cladding processing technology is that metal materials with special performance are heated and melted by utilizing laser energy, and the melted materials are uniformly coated on the surface layer of a protective matrix, so that the service performance of the matrix is enhanced, the service time is prolonged, the cost is saved, and the like.

The metal materials selected in the laser cladding processing in the market at present are generally metal powder with special performances such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, such as iron-based powder, nickel-based powder, cobalt-based powder and the like, the powder needs to be dried in advance to remove moisture in the processing process, and then the metal powder is conveyed along a specific channel through a powder feeder. The powder feeding mode of laser cladding processing can be divided into a preset powder feeding mode and a synchronous powder feeding mode, wherein the synchronous powder feeding mode needs to be assisted by air flow, and the flowability and certain powder flow speed of powder are ensured.

When using metal powder to carry out laser cladding, there is the problem in actual processing by the influence of powder self characteristic and send powder channel structural design: (1) in the process of conveying metal powder, powder blockage and powder adhesion are easy to occur due to the influences of the sphericity degree and the dryness of the powder, the powder feeding airflow, the powder flow channel structure and other factors, and the phenomena that the powder feeding pipe or the powder feeding channel is not smooth in powder blockage and the powder outlet is blocked by powder adhesion balls are often required to be checked in a halt mode, and the powder feeding head is required to be replaced under severe conditions. (2) Part of metal powder collides with the surface of the substrate in the processing process to cause ejection, so that the ejection cannot be fully and effectively utilized, dust pollution to the surrounding environment is easily caused, and the processing process cost is increased. (3) The preparation process of the metal powder is relatively complex, the powder selling price is high, and the purchasing cost of the metal powder accounts for 80 percent of the whole cost in the laser cladding processing cost (hydropower consumable material labor cost and the like) of one square meter by taking the common corrosion-resistant iron-based powder JG-8 as an example.

The publication number is: the Chinese patent application of CN 112372141A adopts a side wire feeding mode, and a wire feeding nozzle and the center of a laser cladding head are designed to form a certain included angle, so that the metal wire material is used for a laser cladding process instead of metal powder. The main disadvantages of the wire feeding disclosed in this patent are, however: the wire is fed from one side outside the laser beam at a certain angle, the laser energy distribution on the surface of the wire is uneven, and the energy of the wire in a molten pool is different, so that the solidification shape, the surface roughness and the like of the laser molten pool are different, and the cladding processing quality of a workpiece is greatly influenced.

The publication number is: chinese patent CN 104289811A discloses a design for converging light beam directions by using multiple reflectors to realize center wire feeding, but the mode disclosed by the patent is complex in structural design, poor in stability, and not beneficial to wide application in industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that laser energy distribution on the surface of a wire material is uneven and laser cladding processing quality is affected due to the fact that the wire feeding is carried out on the side surface of the wire material when the existing laser cladding is carried out, and a central wire feeding device for converging laser beams by adopting a plurality of reflectors is complex in structure and unstable.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a multi-beam surrounding center wire feeding laser cladding device, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a laser system and a laser cladding head system;

the laser system comprises a laser generator and a plurality of laser output heads;

the laser generator comprises an electrical module and a plurality of optical modules; the optical modules are connected with one ends of the plurality of optical modules, the number of the optical modules is the same as that of the laser output heads, and the other ends of the plurality of optical modules are correspondingly connected with the plurality of laser output heads one by one;

the laser cladding head system comprises a wire feeding pipe and a cladding head;

the wire feeding pipe is used for fixing wires;

the cladding head comprises a wire channel and a plurality of laser channels which are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the wire channel;

the laser channels are connected with the laser output heads in a one-to-one correspondence manner;

the wire feeding pipe is arranged in the wire material channel in a penetrating mode;

the extension lines of the wire material channels and the extension lines of the laser channels are intersected at the same point, and the same point is positioned below the cladding head.

The laser cladding adopts a central wire feeding mode, the plurality of laser channels are uniformly arranged around the wire channel, the uniformly arranged lasers are ensured around the wire at the nozzle, and the uniformity of the heated wire is greatly improved.

Further, the wire feeding pipe is detachably connected with the cladding head.

It can be understood that the wire feeding tube and the cladding head are detachably connected, so that different wire feeding tubes can be replaced according to the sizes of wires, and the universality of the device is improved; on the other hand, the wire feeding pipe is convenient to replace when damaged, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the maintenance time is saved.

Further, the cladding head comprises a fixer and a cladding head main body detachably fixed at the lower end of the fixer;

the wire channel comprises a first wire hole arranged in the fixer and a second wire hole arranged in the cladding head main body and aligned with the first wire hole;

the laser channel comprises a plurality of first laser holes which are arranged on the fixer and are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the first wire hole, and a plurality of second laser holes which are arranged on the cladding head main body and are aligned with the first laser holes one by one;

the wire feeding pipe is arranged in the first wire hole and the second wire hole in a penetrating mode; the output ends of the laser output heads are connected with the upper ends of the first laser holes in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

The fixer is detachably connected with the cladding head main body, the fixer can be replaced according to the size of the wire feeding pipe or the requirement of the laser output head, or the cladding head main body is replaced when the cladding head main body is damaged, the universality is improved, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

Further, a first connecting section is arranged at the lower end of the fixer; the upper end of the cladding head main body is provided with a second connecting section;

the first connecting section is provided with at least one first positioning hole;

second positioning holes corresponding to the first positioning holes are formed in the second connecting section;

the cladding head further comprises at least one positioning bolt, and the positioning bolt penetrates through the corresponding first positioning hole and the second positioning hole.

The first positioning hole and the second positioning hole are fixedly connected through the positioning bolt to achieve positioning, and the first laser hole is aligned to the second laser hole.

Further, the cladding head main body is provided with at least one water cooling channel.

The temperature of the cladding head is reduced through the water cooling channel, each device is protected, and the service life of the laser cladding head is prolonged.

Further, the cladding head also comprises a nozzle which is detachably fixed at the lower end of the cladding head main body;

the nozzle is provided with a nozzle cavity, and the extension line of each second laser hole and the extension line of each second wire hole penetrate through the nozzle touching cavity and intersect at the same point below the nozzle.

It can be understood that the nozzle structure can effectively protect the end face of the wire feeding pipe and the metal wires conveyed out of the wire feeding pipe; the nozzle is detachably connected with the cladding head main body, so that the replacement is facilitated; meanwhile, the integral nozzle cavity is arranged, so that the nozzle cavity is not required to be aligned with the laser hole and the wire hole, and the assembly mode is simplified.

Further, the upper end of the first wire hole is provided with a positioning counter bore; the positioning counter bore is provided with a positioning internal thread;

the outer wall of the wire feeding pipe is provided with a positioning convex ring; the surface of the positioning convex ring is provided with a positioning convex ring external thread matched with the positioning internal thread; the wire feeding pipe is connected with the upper end of the first wire hole through the external thread of the positioning convex ring and the internal thread of the positioning convex ring.

The upper end of the first wire hole is provided with a positioning counter bore and a positioning internal thread, and the positioning counter bore and the positioning internal thread are in external thread connection with a positioning convex ring on the outer wall of the wire feeding pipe, so that the depth of the wire feeding pipe inserted into the wire channel is positioned and fixed.

Furthermore, the length of the external thread of the positioning convex ring is greater than that of the internal thread of the positioning convex ring, a positioner is arranged above the positioning convex ring, an inverted T-shaped through hole is formed in the positioner, the lower part of the inverted T-shaped through hole is provided with the internal thread of the positioner which can be connected with the external thread of the positioning convex ring, and the aperture of the upper part of the inverted T-shaped through hole is the same as the external diameter of the wire feeding pipe.

The locator passes through threaded connection to be fixed at the upper surface in first silk material hole, and after the upper end that send silk pipe through location bulge loop external screw thread and location internal thread and first silk material hole is connected, the locator of screwing up can be further fixed to sending silk pipe, avoids the silk pipe deformation that send that the silk pipe leads to of energetically rotatory simultaneously.

Further, the nozzle cavity is gradually reduced in size from top to bottom.

Further, the wire feeding pipe is a hollow copper pipe with a conical bottom.

The bottom conical structure of the wire feeding pipe is matched with the structure of the nozzle cavity, so that the bottom conical structure of the wire feeding pipe is just positioned in the nozzle cavity, the position of the wire feeding pipe is further positioned, and the fixed length of a wire material is prolonged as far as possible.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, the laser output heads in the laser system are connected with the laser channels in the laser cladding head system, the laser channels are uniformly arranged around the wire material channel, and the extension lines of the laser channels and the wire material channel are intersected at the same point below the cladding head, so that the metal wire is uniformly heated, and the quality of laser cladding processing is obviously improved.

2. The components of the laser cladding head system are fixedly connected after being adjusted as required, so that the laser cladding head system can move conveniently during laser cladding operation, the device has the advantages of stable integral structure, simple design and low processing cost, and can be widely used in industrial production.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a laser system of a multi-beam-around-center wire-feed laser cladding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cladding head according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a top view of the cladding head holder of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a wire feeding tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the positioner of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a perspective view of a cladding head body according to the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic working diagram of the cladding head of the present invention.

The reference numbers are as follows:

11-electric module, 12-optical module, 14-laser output head, 21-fixer, 22-main body, 23-nozzle, 211-first laser hole, 212-first wire hole, 213-sealing ring, 215-fixing screw hole, 216-first positioning hole, 219-positioning internal thread, 221-second wire hole, 222-second laser hole, 223-water cooling channel, 226-second positioning hole, 31-wire feeding tube, 311-positioning convex ring, 312-positioning convex ring external thread, 32-positioner, 321-positioner internal thread, 41-laser, 42-wire, 5-substrate, 51-micro-molten pool.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the examples, "upper" and "lower" are described as the side where laser melting is performed is the lower side, and the direction of the incoming wire is the upper side.

The multi-beam surrounding center wire feeding laser cladding device provided by the embodiment comprises a laser system and a laser cladding head system;

the laser system comprises a laser generator and four laser output heads 14; specifically, the laser generator is a fiber laser or a fiber coupled semiconductor laser; the laser output head is internally provided with a laser collimation focusing lens system, so that the laser output head can output focused laser.

The laser generator comprises an electrical module 11 and four optical modules 12; the electric module 11 is connected with four optical modules 12, and the other ends of the four optical modules 12 are correspondingly connected with four laser output heads 14 one by one;

the laser cladding head system comprises a wire feeding pipe 31 and a cladding head;

the wire feeding tube 31 is a hollow copper tube having a tapered bottom and is used for fixing the wire 42.

The cladding head comprises a fixer 21, a conical cladding head main body 22 detachably fixed at the lower end of the fixer 21 and a nozzle 23 detachably fixed at the lower end of the cladding head main body 22.

The cladding head is provided with a wire material channel and four laser channels which are uniformly arranged around the wire material channel.

The extension line of the wire material channel and the extension line of each laser channel are intersected at one point, and the point is positioned below the cladding head; the four laser channels are connected with the four laser output heads 14 in a one-to-one correspondence.

The wire feeding pipe 31 is arranged in the wire material channel in a penetrating way; preferably, the wire feeding pipe 31 is detachably connected with the cladding head. The wire channel comprises a first wire hole 212 arranged in the holder 21 and a second wire hole 221 arranged in the cladding head main body 22 and aligned with the first wire hole 212;

the laser channel comprises four first laser holes 211 arranged on the fixer 21 and four second laser holes 222 arranged on the cladding head main body 22 and aligned with the first laser holes 211; the upper end of the first laser hole 211 is designed in a stepped manner, 4 fixing screw holes 215 are formed in the upper surface of each stepped structure, and the fixing screw holes 215 are used for positioning and mounting the laser output head.

The first wire hole 212 is connected with the wire feeding pipe 31, and the upper end of the first wire hole 212 is provided with a positioning counter bore; the positioning counter bore is provided with a positioning internal thread 219, and the length of the positioning internal thread 219 is 0.5 cm.

The outer wall of the wire feeding pipe 31 is provided with a positioning convex ring 311; the surface of the positioning convex ring 311 is provided with a positioning convex ring external thread 312 matched with the positioning internal thread 219, and the length of the positioning convex ring external thread 312 is 0.5 cm; the positioning convex ring 311 is connected with the positioning internal thread 219 through a positioning convex ring external thread 312. The upper end of the first wire hole is provided with a positioning counter bore and a positioning internal thread 219 which are connected with a positioning convex ring external thread 312 on the outer wall of the wire feeding pipe, so that the depth of the wire feeding pipe inserted into the wire channel is positioned and fixed.

In another embodiment, the length of the positioning convex ring external thread 312 arranged on the positioning convex ring 311 on the wire feeding pipe 31 is larger than that of the positioning internal thread 219 arranged on the positioning counter bore; a positioner 32 is further arranged on the positioning convex ring 311 of the wire feeding pipe 31, the positioner 32 is a metal part with an inverted T-shaped through hole inside, and a positioner internal thread 321 is arranged at the lower part of the inverted T-shaped through hole; after the positioning male ring external thread 312 is screwed with the positioning female thread 219, the positioning male ring 311 of the wire feeding pipe 31 is connected with the positioning male ring external thread 312 through the positioner female thread 321, and the wire feeding pipe 31 is fixed by tightening the positioner 32. The hole diameter of the upper part of the inverted T-shaped through hole in the positioner 32 is the same as the outer diameter of the wire feeding pipe, so that the central positioning of the wire feeding pipe can be further ensured. The retainer 32 is designed to prevent deformation of the wire feeding tube 31 caused by strongly rotating the wire feeding tube 31 when the wire feeding tube 31 is fixed.

The wire feeding pipe 31 can be manufactured into a plurality of models according to different hollow inner diameter sizes, the processing of wires 42 with different diameters is met, the replacement in use is convenient, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the universality of the device is improved.

A first connecting section is arranged at the lower end of the fixer 21, and a sealing ring 213 is arranged on the first connecting section; the upper end of the cladding head main body 22 is provided with a second connecting section; the first connecting section is provided with four first positioning holes 216, and the second connecting section is provided with second positioning holes 226 aligned with the first positioning holes 216; the cladding head further comprises positioning bolts which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence to the first positioning holes 216, and the positioning bolts penetrate through the corresponding first positioning holes 216 and the corresponding second positioning holes 226 to be used for positioning and fixing.

The cladding head main body 22 is provided with four water-cooling channels 223, the water-cooling channels 223 are divided into two groups, two adjacent channels are one group, the bottom of each group of channels is communicated, and the water-cooling channels 223 and the second laser holes 222 are not interfered with each other.

The nozzle 23 has a nozzle cavity through which the extension line of each of the second laser holes 222 and the extension line of the second wire hole 221 pass and meet at the same point 5mm below the nozzle 23.

The nozzle chamber tapers in size in a direction away from the retainer 21.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: the laser 41 is output from the optical module and shaped and output through the laser output head 14, 4 laser beams respectively converge outside the nozzle through four first laser channels, four second laser channels and the hollow position of the nozzle, a wire feeding pipe 31 with a corresponding inner diameter size is selected according to a wire 42, the wire 42 is conveyed at a constant speed through a wire feeder, and the wire 42 is conveyed at a constant speed along the inner diameter of the wire feeding pipe 31 and the central shaft position of the nozzle 23. The wire 42 meets the four beams of laser 41 at the position of the laser convergence point, the four beams of laser uniformly surround the wire to ensure that the laser energy in all directions is uniformly distributed, the wire 42 absorbs the laser energy and then melts to form a molten state to be coated on the surface of the matrix, meanwhile, part of the laser energy is absorbed by the matrix 5 to form a surface micro-molten pool 51 on the surface of the matrix, and the surface micro-molten pool 51 of the matrix and the wire in the molten state interact on the surface of the matrix to finally form a laser cladding coating in metallurgical bonding.