阅读说明：本技术 一种基于超音速制冷效应的新型压缩式制冷系统 (Novel compression refrigerating system based on supersonic speed refrigerating effect ) 是由 罗二仓 曾钰培 陈燕燕 张丽敏 吴张华 胡剑英 王晓涛 余国瑶 赵兴林 罗开琦 于 2020-08-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及制冷技术领域,公开了一种基于超音速制冷效应的新型压缩式制冷系统,包括依次连接的压缩机、冷凝器和超音速旋流分离器,还包括蒸发器,超音速旋流分离器的末端设有扩压器,蒸发器串联设于超音速旋流分离器的扩压器的入口处。本发明提供的一种基于超音速制冷效应的新型压缩式制冷系统,设置基于超音速制冷效应的超音速旋流分离器作为膨胀降温元件,较传统的节流装置如节流阀、膨胀机等,具有效率高、压降小、温降大、能耗低、稳定性好、长期可靠的优点；系统使用对环境友好的CO-(2)和N-(2)(Ar/He)等混合气体作为循环工质进行制冷,较传统的蒸汽压缩式制冷系统更加环保、安全。(The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration, and discloses a novel compression type refrigeration system based on an ultrasonic speed refrigeration effect, which comprises a compressor, a condenser and an ultrasonic cyclone separator which are sequentially connected, and further comprises an evaporator, wherein a diffuser is arranged at the tail end of the ultrasonic cyclone separator, and the evaporator is serially connected at the inlet of the diffuser of the ultrasonic cyclone separator. Compared with the traditional throttling devices such as a throttling valve, an expander and the like, the novel compression type refrigerating system based on the supersonic speed refrigerating effect provided by the invention has the advantages of high efficiency, small pressure drop, large temperature drop, low energy consumption, good stability and long-term reliability; system using environmentally friendly CO 2 And N 2 The (Ar/He) mixed gas is used as a circulating working medium for refrigeration, and compared with the traditional vapor compression refrigeration system, the system is more environment-friendly and safer.)

1. A novel compression type refrigerating system based on supersonic speed refrigerating effect is characterized by comprising a compressor, a condenser and a supersonic speed cyclone separator which are sequentially connected, and further comprising an evaporator, wherein a diffuser is arranged at the tail end of the supersonic speed cyclone separator, and the evaporator is serially arranged at the inlet of the diffuser of the supersonic speed cyclone separator;

the refrigerant of the refrigerating system comprises CO₂、He、N₂Ne, Ar and H₂At least two of O; and the liquefaction temperatures of different types of refrigeration working media are different.

2. A novel compression refrigeration system based on supersonic refrigeration effect as recited in claim 1 wherein said supersonic cyclone separator has a liquid outlet connected to the inlet of said evaporator, the outlet of said evaporator being connected to the inlet of said diffuser via a return line.

3. A novel compression-type refrigeration system based on supersonic refrigeration effect as set forth in claim 2 wherein said return line is provided with a return check valve.

4. A novel compression refrigeration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and also comprising a counter-flow heat exchanger, wherein the conduit between said condenser and said supersonic cyclone separator passes through the high temperature side of said counter-flow heat exchanger, and the outlet of said supersonic cyclone separator is connected to the inlet of said compressor and passes through the low temperature side of said counter-flow heat exchanger.

5. A novel compression-type refrigeration system based on supersonic refrigeration effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein said supersonic cyclone separator further comprises a cyclone device, a Laval nozzle expander and a cyclone gas-liquid separator connected in sequence, said cyclone gas-liquid separator is provided with a liquid collecting device, said liquid collecting device is provided with said liquid outlet, the gas outlet of said cyclone gas-liquid separator is connected to the inlet of said diffuser, and the outlet of said diffuser is connected with a guide vane.

6. A novel compression refrigeration system based on supersonic refrigeration effect as claimed in claim 5 wherein the Laval nozzle expander comprises a stabilizing section, a subsonic contraction section, a throat section and a supersonic expansion section connected in series, wherein the stabilizing section is connected to the outlet of the rotational flow device.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration, in particular to a novel compression type refrigeration system based on an ultrasonic speed refrigeration effect.

Background

The traditional vapor compression type refrigerating system consists of four main components, namely a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, an evaporator and the like, wherein all the components are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a completely closed circulating system. The compressor sucks the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant vapor back from the evaporator, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is formed after compression; the condenser cools the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged by the compressor and releases heat, and the gaseous refrigerant is condensed into a gas-liquid mixture under certain pressure and temperature; the throttling device decompresses and throttles and expands the high-pressure refrigerant into low-temperature and low-pressure liquid; the throttled low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid is evaporated in the evaporator to become vapor, and the heat of the cooled substance is absorbed, so that the temperature of the substance is reduced. The refrigerant circulates in a fluid state in a closed refrigeration system, continuously absorbs heat from the evaporator through phase change, and releases heat in the condenser, thereby achieving the purpose of refrigeration.

The prior refrigerators and air conditioners respectively adopt R12 and R22, have great ODP (ozone depletion potential) problems, and in recent years, R134 and R32 are gradually adopted to perform some attempts, but the greenhouse effect (GWP) is large; recently, hydrocarbons (such as propane, butane, etc.) have been used, which are combustible, although their ODP and GWP are small.

Although the vapor compression refrigeration technology is mature, the disadvantages of environmental pollution (ozone layer destruction/greenhouse effect is large) or insecurity (combustible or toxic and the like) of the refrigeration working medium, low efficiency, large pressure drop, high energy consumption and the like of the throttling device still exist.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a novel compression type refrigerating system based on an ultrasonic speed refrigerating effect, which is used for solving or partially solving the problems that although a vapor compression type refrigerating technology is mature in the prior art, a refrigerating working medium is not environment-friendly and unsafe, and a throttling device is low in efficiency, large in pressure drop and high in energy consumption.

The embodiment of the invention provides a novel compression type refrigerating system based on an ultrasonic speed refrigerating effect, which comprises a compressor, a condenser and an ultrasonic cyclone separator which are sequentially connected, and further comprises an evaporator, wherein a diffuser is arranged at the tail end of the ultrasonic cyclone separator, and the evaporator is serially connected to the inlet of the diffuser of the ultrasonic cyclone separator; the refrigerant of the refrigerating system comprises CO₂、He、N₂Ne, Ar and H₂At least two of O; and the liquefaction temperatures of different types of refrigeration working media are different.

On the basis of the scheme, the supersonic cyclone separator is provided with a liquid outlet, the liquid outlet is connected with the inlet of the evaporator, and the outlet of the evaporator is connected with the inlet of the diffuser through a return pipeline.

On the basis of the scheme, the return pipeline is provided with a return one-way valve.

On the basis of the scheme, the system further comprises a counter-flow heat exchanger, a pipeline between the condenser and the supersonic cyclone separator flows through the high-temperature side of the counter-flow heat exchanger, and the outlet of the supersonic cyclone separator is connected with the inlet of the compressor and flows through the low-temperature side of the counter-flow heat exchanger.

On the basis of the scheme, the supersonic cyclone separator further comprises a cyclone device, a Laval nozzle expander and a cyclone gas-liquid separator which are sequentially connected, a liquid collecting device is arranged on the cyclone gas-liquid separator, a liquid outlet is formed in the liquid collecting device, a gas outlet of the cyclone gas-liquid separator is connected to an inlet of the diffuser, and an outlet of the diffuser is connected with guide vanes.

On the basis of the scheme, the Laval nozzle expander comprises a stabilizing section, a subsonic contraction section, a throat part and a supersonic expansion section which are sequentially connected, wherein the stabilizing section is connected with an outlet of the rotational flow device.

Compared with the traditional throttling devices in a vapor compression refrigeration system, such as a throttling valve, an expander and the like, the novel compression refrigeration system based on the supersonic speed refrigeration effect has the advantages of high efficiency, small pressure drop, large temperature drop, low energy consumption, good stability (the supersonic speed cyclone separator does not have a rotating part), and long-term reliability; and the adopted refrigeration working medium is environment-friendly and safe, and the problems that the existing refrigeration working medium in the ordinary cold temperature area is not environment-friendly and unsafe are solved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connections of a refrigeration system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a counterflow heat exchanger in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a supersonic cyclonic separator in an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1. a compressor; 2. a condenser; 3. a supersonic cyclonic separator; 31. a swirling device; 32. a Laval nozzle expander; 33. a cyclonic gas-liquid separator; 34. a diffuser; 35. a guide blade; 36. a liquid collection device; 37. a backflow check valve; 321. a stabilization section; 322. a subsonic contraction section; 323. a throat; 324. a supersonic expansion section; 4. an evaporator; 5. a counter-flow heat exchanger.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a novel compression type refrigeration system based on supersonic refrigeration effect, which includes a compressor 1, a condenser 2 and a supersonic cyclone separator 3 connected in sequence. An evaporator 4 is also included. The tail end of the supersonic cyclone separator 3 is provided with a diffuser 34, and the evaporator 4 is connected in series at the inlet of the diffuser 34 of the supersonic cyclone separator 3.

The supersonic cyclone separator 3 based on supersonic refrigeration effect was first applied in 1989 for the separation of gas and liquid. Then the natural gas is introduced into the field of natural gas treatment and processing, and is mainly used for dehydration and heavy hydrocarbon removal of natural gas. The supersonic cyclone 3 has both a refrigeration effect and is terminated by a diffuser 34. The refrigeration system provided by the embodiment provides that the supersonic cyclone separator 3 is arranged to replace a throttling device in the traditional refrigeration system. The cooling effect of the traditional throttling device is achieved by utilizing the refrigeration effect of the supersonic cyclone separator 3; and the refrigerant flowing through the evaporator 4 is introduced into the diffuser 34, so that the pressurizing and heating functions of the refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator 4 can be realized. Therefore, the pressure drop of the traditional throttling device to the refrigerating working medium can be compensated.

The novel compression type refrigeration system based on the supersonic speed refrigeration effect provided by the embodiment is provided with the supersonic speed cyclone separator 3 based on the supersonic speed refrigeration effect as an expansion cooling element, and has the advantages of high efficiency, small pressure drop, large temperature drop, low energy consumption, good stability (the supersonic speed cyclone separator 3 does not have a rotating part), and long-term reliability compared with the traditional throttling devices such as a throttling valve and an expander in a vapor compression type refrigeration system.

Research shows that under the condition of the same pressure drop, the temperature drop in the supersonic cyclone separator 3 is larger than that of the traditional throttling devices such as a throttling valve, an expander and a vortex tube, and the supersonic cyclone separator has a better refrigeration effect. In addition, the supersonic cyclone 3 has advantages that the throttle valve, the expander, the vortex tube and the like do not have, namely the pressure can be boosted through the diffuser 34, and the pressure loss of the gas is greatly reduced.

In addition to the above embodiments, and with further reference to FIG. 3, the supersonic cyclonic separator 3 has a liquid outlet connected to the inlet of the evaporator 4, and the outlet of the evaporator 4 is connected to the inlet of the diffuser 34 by a return line. The supersonic cyclone 3 has the function of gas-liquid separation. A liquid outlet is provided before the diffuser 34 for the outflow of liquid. The temperature of the refrigeration working medium introduced into the supersonic cyclone separator 3 is further reduced, and the refrigeration working medium liquid generated after the temperature is reduced and liquefied is collected from the liquid outlet and flows out; the refrigerant gas which is not liquefied directly flows into the diffuser 34, and joins with the refrigerant which flows back from the evaporator 4 to diffuse.

On the basis of the above embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the supersonic cyclone separator 3 further includes a cyclone device 31, a Laval nozzle expander 32 and a cyclone gas-liquid separator 33, which are connected in sequence, wherein the cyclone gas-liquid separator 33 is provided with a liquid collecting device 36, the liquid collecting device 36 is provided with a liquid outlet, a gas outlet of the cyclone gas-liquid separator 33 is connected to an inlet of a diffuser 34, and an outlet of the diffuser 34 is connected to a guide vane 35.

Based on the above embodiment, further, the Laval nozzle expander 32 comprises a stabilizing section 321, a subsonic convergent section 322, a throat 323 and a supersonic divergent section 324 connected in sequence, wherein the stabilizing section 321 is connected to the outlet of the swirling device 31.

Referring to fig. 3, the supersonic cyclone 3 is generally composed of 4 parts such as a cyclone device 31, a Laval nozzle expander 32, a cyclone gas-liquid separator 33, and a diffuser 34. Both gas expansion refrigeration and liquefaction processes occur primarily within the Laval nozzle expander 32. The Laval nozzle expander 32 may be divided into 4 sections, a stationary section 321, a subsonic convergent section 322, a throat 323, and a supersonic divergent section 324. The working principle is as follows: the gas enters the cyclone device 31 to rotate and has certain acceleration; the gas is expanded to supersonic speed in the Laval nozzle expander 32 rapidly to form a low-temperature and low-pressure environment (the temperature is reduced because part of the heat of the gas is converted into kinetic energy), and part of the gas is condensed and liquefied to form gas-liquid two-phase flow; liquid drops are thrown to the pipe wall under the action of tangential speed generated by rotation and strong cyclone field centrifugal force, discharged from a special liquid outlet in the cyclone gas-liquid separator 33, and gas is discharged through a diffuser 34 to realize gas-liquid separation; after the speed reduction, the pressure increase and the temperature rise of the diffuser 34, the pressure loss of the gas through the supersonic cyclone separator 3 can be mostly recovered, and the pressure loss of the gas is greatly reduced.

On the basis of the above embodiment, furthermore, the return line is provided with a return check valve 37.

On the basis of the above embodiment, further, with reference to fig. 2, the refrigeration system further comprises a counter-flow heat exchanger 5, the pipeline between the condenser 2 and the supersonic cyclone 3 flowing through the high temperature side of the counter-flow heat exchanger 5, the outlet of the supersonic cyclone 3 being connected to the inlet of the compressor 1 and flowing through the low temperature side of the counter-flow heat exchanger 5.

The outlet of the supersonic cyclonic separator 3 is connected to the compressor 1 to form a circulation loop. In the circulation loop, a refrigeration working medium is compressed by a compressor 1 to form a high-temperature and high-pressure state, then flows through a condenser 2 to be condensed and release heat to form a high-pressure and low-temperature state, and then enters a supersonic speed cyclone separator 3 to be further cooled, the low-temperature working medium obtained by the supersonic speed cyclone separator 3 is introduced into an evaporator 4 to be evaporated and absorbed heat and then is introduced into a diffuser 34, and after certain pressurization and temperature rise are carried out by the diffuser 34, the low-temperature working medium flows back to the compressor 1 again.

On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the refrigerant of the refrigeration system includes CO₂、He、N₂Ne, Ar and H₂At least two of O; and the liquefaction temperatures of different types of refrigeration working media are different.

Problems in the prior art in the general cooling fieldMainly solves the problems of environmental protection and safety. In the past, refrigerants R12 and R22 are respectively adopted for refrigerators and air conditioners, so that the ODP problem (ozone layer destruction) is great, in recent years, some attempts are made to use the refrigerants R134 and R32, but the greenhouse effect (GWP) is large; recently, hydrocarbons (such as propane, butane, etc.) have been used, which are combustible, although their ODP and GWP are small. NH (NH)₃It is also the main working medium of the existing steam compression type throttling refrigeration, but it is flammable and toxic. Therefore, the existing mainstream vapor compression refrigeration technology mainly has the problems of environmental protection and safety.

The refrigeration working medium provided by the embodiment is environment-friendly, and can obtain a better refrigeration effect through phase change. Preferably, the difference of the liquefaction temperatures of different types of refrigeration working media is greater than or equal to a preset difference. I.e. different kinds of refrigerant with large difference in liquefaction temperature, e.g. one refrigerant may be easily liquefied such as CO₂Or H₂O, another working substance not easily liquefied, e.g. He or N₂Or Ar.

Further, the refrigerant in the refrigeration system described in each of the above embodiments may also be other gases, so as to achieve the purpose of obtaining a better refrigeration effect through phase change by liquefaction, and is not particularly limited. Preferably, the refrigerant in the refrigeration system is a mixture of at least two gases having different liquefaction temperatures. During multi-stage refrigeration, each component of the mixed gas can be sequentially liquefied according to different liquefaction temperatures, so that a multi-stage refrigeration effect is achieved. Preferably, the refrigerant in the refrigeration system may be CO₂And N₂The mixed gas of (1).

Furthermore, different refrigeration temperature regions are realized by adopting different refrigeration working medium combinations. Different combinations of refrigerant media can be used to achieve a wide range of refrigeration from the refrigeration temperature region to the low temperature region.

On the basis of the above embodiments, in particular, fig. 1 provides a novel compression type refrigeration system based on the supersonic refrigeration effect. The refrigerating system mainly comprises a compressor 1, a condenser 2, a supersonic cyclone separator 3 and an evaporator 4. The supersonic cyclone separator 3 comprises a cyclone device 31, a Laval nozzle expander 32, a cyclone gas-liquid separator 33, and a diffuser34, guide vanes 35, a liquid collecting device 36 and a backflow check valve 37. Laval nozzle expander 32 is comprised of a stabilizing section 321, a subsonic convergent section 322, a throat 323, and a supersonic divergent section 324. Unlike conventional vapor compression refrigeration systems, the refrigeration system employs CO₂And N₂(N₂Ar or He) can be replaced by the refrigerant to be used as a circulating working medium for refrigeration.

When the system is in operation, the compressor 1 pumps low-temperature and low-pressure CO₂And N₂The mixed steam is sucked back and compressed to form high-temperature and high-pressure CO₂And N₂And (4) mixing the gases. The condenser 2 condenses the high-temperature and high-pressure CO discharged from the compressor 1₂And N₂Cooling the mixed gas and making it release heat, under a certain pressure and temperature, adding CO₂And N₂The mixed gas is condensed into a gas-liquid mixture. CO 2₂And N₂The gas-liquid mixture enters the supersonic cyclone separator 3, firstly passes through the cyclone device 31 to form a cyclone flow state, then enters the Laval nozzle expander 32, and sequentially passes through the stabilizing section 321, the subsonic contraction section 322, the throat 323 and the supersonic expansion section 324, and CO₂And N₂The gas-liquid mixture expands sharply to supersonic speed in the Laval nozzle expander 32, resulting in refrigeration effect, low temperature and low pressure environment (the temperature is reduced due to partial gas heat being converted into kinetic energy), CO₂The gas is condensed and liquefied, and CO is generated under the action of tangential speed generated by rotation and the centrifugal force of a strong cyclone field₂The droplets are thrown to the tube wall, discharged by a special liquid collecting device 36 in the cyclone gas-liquid separator 33, and enter the evaporator 4 where they are evaporated (boiled) to CO in the evaporator 4₂Vapour, absorbing heat from the environment or the substance to be cooled, lowering the temperature of the environment or the substance to be cooled, CO₂Vapor exits evaporator 4 through return check valve 37 in diffuser 34 with uncondensed N₂The gas is mixed and flows out of the supersonic cyclone separator 3 stably through the guide vanes 35 together, and enters the compressor 1 again to form a closed refrigeration cycle.

After the speed reduction, the pressure increase and the temperature rise of the diffuser 34, the pressure loss of the mixed gas through the supersonic cyclone separator 3 can be mostly recoveredAnd the pressure loss of the mixed gas is greatly reduced. The system employs CO₂And N₂The (Ar/He) mixed gas is used as a circulating working medium for refrigeration, and is more environment-friendly compared with a traditional refrigerant in a vapor compression refrigeration system; compared with the traditional throttling devices such as a throttling valve and an expander in a vapor compression refrigeration system, the supersonic cyclone separator 3 based on the supersonic refrigeration effect has the advantages of high efficiency, small pressure drop, large temperature drop, low energy consumption, good stability (the supersonic cyclone separator 3 does not have a rotating part), long-term reliability and the like. It is emphasized that He and N may also be employed in the present refrigeration system₂Mixed gas (wherein N₂Can also be replaced by Ne, Ar and CO₂Or H₂O) is used as a circulating working medium to realize low-temperature refrigeration.

On the basis of the above embodiment, further, fig. 2 provides another novel compression refrigeration system based on the supersonic refrigeration effect. Unlike the embodiment of fig. 1 described above, in this embodiment, a counter-flow heat exchanger 5 is provided between the condenser 2 and the supersonic cyclone 3 in order to obtain a larger cooling capacity and a lower cooling temperature for the system. CO discharged from the condenser 2 when the system is in operation₂And N₂The gas-liquid mixture is subjected to heat exchange by a counter-flow heat exchanger 5, the temperature is further reduced, and then the gas-liquid mixture enters a supersonic cyclone separator 3; low temperature CO exiting supersonic cyclone 3₂And N₂The mixed vapor is subjected to heat exchange by the counter-flow heat exchanger 5, the temperature of the mixed vapor is raised, and the mixed vapor enters the compressor 1 to form a closed refrigeration cycle. The other processes are consistent with the embodiment of fig. 1 described above.

The heat and cold in the system are more fully utilized through the heat exchange of the counter-flow heat exchanger 5, and the working pressure of the evaporator 4 and the compressor 1 is relieved. On one hand, the temperature of the working medium entering the supersonic cyclone separator 3 is lower, the more obvious refrigeration effect is generated, and the CO is improved₂Condensation efficiency of gas, lower CO₂The liquid temperature relieves the operating pressure of the evaporator 4; on the other hand, the temperature of the steam mixture discharged from the supersonic cyclone separator 3 is increased after the heat exchange of the steam mixture by the counter-flow heat exchanger 5, and the pressure is relievedWorking pressure of the compressor 1. It should be emphasized that this embodiment is merely illustrative of a simple configuration, and the counter-flow heat exchanger 5 installed between the condenser 2 and the supersonic cyclone 3 may be in a multi-stage configuration to improve heat exchange efficiency; may be mounted in other suitable locations; more efficient heat exchange equipment, heat exchange forms and the like can also be adopted.

The novel compression type refrigeration system based on the supersonic speed refrigeration effect provided by each embodiment is mainly used for removing impurities such as water vapor and heavy hydrocarbon in natural gas based on the existing supersonic speed cyclone separator 3, and does not select proper working media to construct a closed supersonic speed refrigeration cycle suitable for a common cold temperature area (a refrigeration temperature area of a refrigerator and an air conditioner). The present invention uses environmentally friendly CO₂And N₂The mixed gas is used as a working medium for refrigeration, so that closed refrigeration cycle can be realized; the problem that the traditional refrigerant in the vapor compression refrigeration system is harmful to the environment is solved, and the refrigerant is more environment-friendly than the traditional refrigerant in the vapor compression refrigeration system; meanwhile, the supersonic cyclone separator 3 is arranged as an expansion cooling element, so that the problems of low efficiency, large pressure drop, high energy consumption and the like of the traditional throttling device in the steam compression type refrigerating system are solved; and the wide-range refrigeration from a refrigeration temperature region to a low-temperature region can be realized by adopting different refrigeration working medium combinations.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.