阅读说明：本技术 一种高温火车轮的线激光自动化测量系统 (Line laser automatic measurement system of high-temperature train wheel ) 是由 李中伟 钟凯 聂伟 江浩 杨柳 袁超飞 刘玉宝 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种高温火车轮的线激光自动化测量系统,包括待测的锻造的火车轮、底座、旋转机构、框体、若干扫描测量机构、冷却机构和共面指示体；底座固定设置在地面上；旋转机构设置在底座远离地面的一端；旋转机构与底座可转动设置；火车轮水平的放置在旋转机构远离地面的一端；框体一端与底座固定连接,另一端朝着远离地面的方向朝上朝外延伸；各扫描测量机构分别设置在框体的表面或者底座内部,各扫描测量机构分别对准火车轮的侧表面、靠近地面的端面或者远离地面的端面；各扫描测量机构还分别与冷却机构连通；共面指示体设置在旋转机构远离地面的一端,共面指示体用于使各扫描测量机构发出的激光标定在同一平面内。(The invention provides a line laser automatic measuring system of a high-temperature train wheel, which comprises a forged train wheel to be measured, a base, a rotating mechanism, a frame body, a plurality of scanning measuring mechanisms, a cooling mechanism and a coplanar indicator; the base is fixedly arranged on the ground; the rotating mechanism is arranged at one end of the base far away from the ground; the rotating mechanism and the base are rotatably arranged; the train wheel is horizontally arranged at one end of the rotating mechanism, which is far away from the ground; one end of the frame body is fixedly connected with the base, and the other end of the frame body extends upwards and outwards in the direction away from the ground; each scanning and measuring mechanism is respectively arranged on the surface of the frame body or in the base and is respectively aligned with the side surface of the train wheel, the end surface close to the ground or the end surface far away from the ground; each scanning and measuring mechanism is also respectively communicated with the cooling mechanism; the coplanar indicator is arranged at one end of the rotating mechanism far away from the ground and is used for enabling the laser emitted by each scanning measuring mechanism to be calibrated in the same plane.)

1. The line laser automatic measurement system for the high-temperature train wheel comprises a forged train wheel to be measured, and is characterized by further comprising a base (1), a rotating mechanism (2), a frame body (3), a plurality of scanning measurement mechanisms (4), a cooling mechanism (5) and a coplanar indicator (6);

the base (1) is fixedly arranged on the ground, and the interior of the base (1) is hollow;

the rotating mechanism (2) is arranged at one end of the base (1) far away from the ground; the rotating mechanism (2) and the base (1) can be arranged in a rotating way; the train wheel is horizontally arranged at one end of the rotating mechanism (2) far away from the ground;

one end of the frame body (3) is fixedly connected with the base (1), and the other end of the frame body extends upwards and outwards in the direction away from the ground;

each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) is respectively arranged on the surface of the frame body (3) or in the base (1), and each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) is respectively aligned with the side surface of the train wheel, the end surface close to the ground or the end surface far away from the ground;

a cooling mechanism (5) which is arranged on the surface of the frame body (3) in the extending direction and is far away from the rotating mechanism (2); each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) is also respectively communicated with a cooling mechanism (5); the cooling mechanism (5) is used for cooling each scanning measuring mechanism (4);

the coplanar indicator (6) is detachably arranged at one end, far away from the ground, of the rotating mechanism (2), and the coplanar indicator (6) is used for enabling the lasers emitted by the scanning measuring mechanisms (4) to be calibrated in the same plane;

the coplanar indicator (6) removes the coplanar indicator (6) after laser of each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) is coplanar, a train wheel is placed on the rotating mechanism (2), the rotating mechanism (2) drives the train wheel to rotate horizontally, and each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) scans the train wheel to perform full-size scanning detection.

2. The line laser automatic measuring system of the high-temperature train wheel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the coplanar indicator (6) comprises a substrate (61), two polygonal side plates (62) and an indicating part (63); the substrate (61) is detachably connected with one end of the rotating mechanism (2) far away from the ground; two polygonal side plates (62) are arranged on the end face, far away from the ground, of the base plate (61) in parallel at intervals, and the two polygonal side plates (62) extend outwards along the vertical direction; an indicating part (63) is arranged between the two polygonal side plates (62), and the indicating part (63) is fixedly connected with the two polygonal side plates (62) and the base plate (61); an indication groove (64) is formed between the edges of the two polygonal side plates (62) and the edge of the indication part (63); the scanning and measuring mechanisms (4) are respectively aligned with different positions of the indicating groove (64).

3. The line laser automatic measurement system of the high-temperature train wheel as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the connecting sides of the non-base plates (61) of the indicating parts (63) of the coplanar indicating body (6) are offset to the inner parts of the polygonal side plates (62) by a certain distance relative to the connecting sides of the non-base plates (61) of the adjacent polygonal side plates (62) to form indicating grooves (64); the laser light emitting direction of each scanning measuring mechanism (4) and the surface of the indicating groove (64) irradiated correspondingly form an inclination angle.

4. The line laser automatic measurement system of the high-temperature train wheel as claimed in claim 2, wherein: each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) comprises a first adjusting mechanism (41), a second adjusting mechanism (42), a shell (43) and a laser measuring head (44); the first adjusting mechanism (41) is connected with the surface of the frame body (3) facing the rotating mechanism (2) or the end face of the base (1) far away from the ground; a second adjusting mechanism (42) is arranged on the first adjusting mechanism (41), a shell (43) is arranged on the second adjusting mechanism (42), a laser measuring head (44) is embedded on the shell (43), a plurality of cooling pipelines (45) surrounding the laser measuring head (44) are further arranged inside the shell (43), and the cooling pipelines (45) are used for being communicated with the cooling mechanism (5); the first adjusting mechanism (41) or the second adjusting mechanism (42) is used for adjusting the light emitting directions of the shell (43) and the laser measuring head (44) so that laser emitted by the laser measuring head (44) is coplanar with one surface of the indicating groove (64) of the coplanar indicating body (6).

5. The line laser automatic measurement system of the high-temperature train wheel as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the first adjusting mechanism (41) comprises a horizontal adjusting screw rod (410), a first connecting plate (411), two first arc-shaped clamping grooves (412), a first rotating disc (413), a first driving part (414) and a first locking part (415); the first connecting plate (411) is arranged on the surface of the frame body (3) or in the base (1), the first connecting plate (411) is connected with the frame body (3) or the base (1) in a sliding mode, the horizontal adjusting screw rod (410) is hinged with the first connecting plate (411), and the horizontal adjusting screw rod (410) is further connected with the frame body (3) or the base (1) in a threaded mode; a first rotary disc (413), a first driving part (414) and two first arc-shaped clamping grooves (412) are arranged on the surface of the first connecting plate (411), the first rotary disc (413) is rotatably connected with the first connecting plate (411), and the first rotary disc (413) is also fixedly connected with the end face, close to the first adjusting mechanism (41), of the second adjusting mechanism (42); the first driving part (414) is rotatably connected with the first connecting plate (411), and the surface of the first driving part (414) is tangential to and meshed with the surface of the first rotating disc (413); the two first arc-shaped clamping grooves (412) are symmetrically arranged on a virtual circumference taking the center of the first rotating disc (413) as the center of a circle; the second adjusting mechanism (42) is correspondingly provided with a first clamping part (100), and the first clamping part (100) is embedded in the first arc-shaped clamping groove (412) and is in sliding connection with the first arc-shaped clamping groove; the side surface of one of the first arc-shaped clamping grooves (412) is provided with a first locking part (415) in a penetrating manner, and the first locking part (415) can extend out in a rotating manner relative to the first arc-shaped clamping groove (412) and abut against the surface of the first clamping part (100) in the first arc-shaped clamping groove (412).

6. The line laser automatic measurement system of the high-temperature train wheel as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the second adjusting mechanism (42) further comprises a second connecting plate (421), two second arc-shaped clamping grooves (422), a second rotary disc (423), a second driving part (424) and a second locking part (425); the surface of the second connecting plate (421) close to the first adjusting mechanism (41) is fixedly connected with the first rotary disc (413), the surface of the second connecting plate (421) far away from the first adjusting mechanism (41) is provided with a second rotary disc (423), a second driving part (424) and two second arc-shaped clamping grooves (422), the second rotary disc (423) is rotatably connected with the second connecting plate (421), and the second rotary disc (423) is fixedly connected with the shell (43); the second driving part (424) is rotatably connected with the second connecting plate (421), and the surface of the second driving part (424) is tangential to and meshed with the surface of the second rotary disc (423); the two second arc-shaped clamping grooves (422) are symmetrically arranged on a virtual circumference which takes the center of the second rotary table (423) as the center of a circle; the shell (43) is correspondingly provided with a second clamping part (200), and the second clamping part (200) is embedded in the second arc-shaped clamping groove (422) and is in sliding connection with the second arc-shaped clamping groove; a second locking part (425) is arranged on the side surface of one second arc-shaped clamping groove (422) in a penetrating mode, and the second locking part (425) can extend out in a rotating mode relative to the second arc-shaped clamping groove (422) and abut against the surface of the second clamping part (200) in the second arc-shaped clamping groove (422).

7. The line laser automatic measurement system of the high-temperature train wheel as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the laser measuring head (44) comprises a light outlet part (441) and a detection part (442), a first window (300) and a second window (400) which are through are correspondingly arranged on the surface, close to the rotating mechanism (2), of the shell (43), the first window (300) and the second window (400) are arranged at intervals, the light outlet part (441) is arranged right opposite to the first window (300) and is positioned in the shell (43) at the first window (300), and the detection part (442) is arranged in the shell (43) at the second window (400); the light emitting part (441) is used for emitting laser to irradiate the surface of the train wheel or the coplanar indicator (6); a detection unit (442) acquires an image of the laser light reflected by the surface of the indicator (63), and determines the positional relationship between the image of the laser light and the indicator (63) of the corresponding coplanar indicator (6).

8. The line laser automatic measurement system of the high-temperature train wheel as claimed in claim 7, wherein: an infrared cut-off filter is arranged at the second window (400).

9. The line laser automatic measurement system of the high-temperature train wheel as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the housing (43) includes a first mounting portion (431), a second mounting portion (432), and a third mounting portion (433); the first installation part (431) and the second installation part (432) are arranged in parallel at intervals, the third installation part (433) is arranged at the edge position between the first installation part (431) and the second installation part (432) and is respectively fixedly connected with the first installation part (431) and the second installation part (432), a cavity is further formed between the first installation part (431) and the second installation part (432), and the laser measuring head (44) is embedded into the cavity; the cooling pipelines (45) are respectively arranged in the first installation part (431), the second installation part (432) and the third installation part (433), and the adjacent cooling pipelines (45) are sequentially communicated and vertically arranged.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of non-contact measuring equipment for the contour dimension of a high-temperature forged product, in particular to a line laser automatic measuring system for a high-temperature train wheel.

Background

At present, the temperature of the train wheel which is forged at high temperature and discharged from a furnace exceeds 1100 ℃, and the size of the train wheel in the state can not be directly measured manually. If a single-line laser scanning device is adopted, the device is not suitable for scanning and measuring train wheels with larger sizes, the scanning time is long, and real-time measurement is difficult to realize; if multiple groups of line lasers are adopted for scanning simultaneously, the accuracy of data is influenced because it is difficult to ensure that the light emitted by the multiple groups of line lasers is completely coplanar. In addition, the surface of the high-temperature object may also interfere with the scanning device to some extent, so that the measurement result may drift.

In summary, it is necessary to develop a method for online real-time measurement of a high-temperature forged train wheel, and to improve the coplanarity and reliability of the measurement results of multiple sets of line laser scanning devices, so as to ensure the accuracy of the measurement.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a line laser automatic measurement system capable of performing multi-position real-time dimension measurement and precise coplanar adjustment on a forged train wheel in a high temperature state.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the invention provides a line laser automatic measurement system of a high-temperature train wheel, which comprises a forged train wheel to be measured, a base (1), a rotating mechanism (2), a frame body (3), a plurality of scanning measurement mechanisms (4), a cooling mechanism (5) and a coplanar indicator (6);

the base (1) is fixedly arranged on the ground, and the interior of the base (1) is hollow;

the rotating mechanism (2) is arranged at one end of the base (1) far away from the ground; the rotating mechanism (2) and the base (1) can be arranged in a rotating way; the train wheel is horizontally arranged at one end of the rotating mechanism (2) far away from the ground;

one end of the frame body (3) is fixedly connected with the base (1), and the other end of the frame body extends upwards and outwards in the direction away from the ground;

each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) is respectively arranged on the surface of the frame body (3) or in the base (1), and each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) is respectively aligned with the side surface of the train wheel, the end surface close to the ground or the end surface far away from the ground;

a cooling mechanism (5) which is arranged on the surface of the frame body (3) in the extending direction and is far away from the rotating mechanism (2); each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) is also respectively communicated with a cooling mechanism (5); the cooling mechanism (5) is used for cooling each scanning measuring mechanism (4);

the coplanar indicator (6) is detachably arranged at one end, far away from the ground, of the rotating mechanism (2), and the coplanar indicator (6) is used for enabling the lasers emitted by the scanning measuring mechanisms (4) to be calibrated in the same plane;

the coplanar indicator (6) removes the coplanar indicator (6) after laser of each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) is coplanar, a train wheel is placed on the rotating mechanism (2), the rotating mechanism (2) drives the train wheel to rotate horizontally, and each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) scans the train wheel to perform full-size scanning detection.

In addition to the above technical solution, preferably, the coplanar indicator (6) includes a base plate (61), two polygonal side plates (62), and an indicator (63); the substrate (61) is detachably connected with one end of the rotating mechanism (2) far away from the ground; two polygonal side plates (62) are arranged on the end face, far away from the ground, of the base plate (61) in parallel at intervals, and the two polygonal side plates (62) extend outwards along the vertical direction; an indicating part (63) is arranged between the two polygonal side plates (62), and the indicating part (63) is fixedly connected with the two polygonal side plates (62) and the base plate (61); an indication groove (64) is formed between the edges of the two polygonal side plates (62) and the edge of the indication part (63); the scanning and measuring mechanisms (4) are respectively aligned with different positions of the indicating groove (64).

More preferably, the connecting side of each non-base plate (61) of the indicating part (63) of the coplanar indicating body (6) is offset to the inside of the polygonal side plate (62) by a certain distance relative to the connecting side of each non-base plate (61) of the adjacent polygonal side plate (62) to form an indicating groove (64); the laser light emitting direction of each scanning measuring mechanism (4) and the surface of the indicating groove (64) irradiated correspondingly form an inclination angle.

Preferably, each scanning and measuring mechanism (4) comprises a first adjusting mechanism (41), a second adjusting mechanism (42), a shell (43) and a laser measuring head (44); the first adjusting mechanism (41) is connected with the surface of the frame body (3) facing the rotating mechanism (2) or the end face of the base (1) far away from the ground; a second adjusting mechanism (42) is arranged on the first adjusting mechanism (41), a shell (43) is arranged on the second adjusting mechanism (42), a laser measuring head (44) is embedded on the shell (43), a plurality of cooling pipelines (45) surrounding the laser measuring head (44) are further arranged inside the shell (43), and the cooling pipelines (45) are used for being communicated with the cooling mechanism (5); the first adjusting mechanism (41) or the second adjusting mechanism (42) is used for adjusting the light emitting directions of the shell (43) and the laser measuring head (44) so that laser emitted by the laser measuring head (44) is coplanar with one surface of the indicating groove (64) of the coplanar indicating body (6).

Further preferably, the first adjusting mechanism (41) comprises a horizontal adjusting screw (410), a first connecting plate (411), two first arc-shaped clamping grooves (412), a first rotating disc (413), a first driving part (414) and a first locking part (415); the first connecting plate (411) is arranged on the surface of the frame body (3) or in the base (1), the first connecting plate (411) is connected with the frame body (3) or the base (1) in a sliding mode, the horizontal adjusting screw rod (410) is hinged with the first connecting plate (411), and the horizontal adjusting screw rod (410) is further connected with the frame body (3) or the base (1) in a threaded mode; a first rotary disc (413), a first driving part (414) and two first arc-shaped clamping grooves (412) are arranged on the surface of the first connecting plate (411), the first rotary disc (413) is rotatably connected with the first connecting plate (411), and the first rotary disc (413) is also fixedly connected with the end face, close to the first adjusting mechanism (41), of the second adjusting mechanism (42); the first driving part (414) is rotatably connected with the first connecting plate (411), and the surface of the first driving part (414) is tangential to and meshed with the surface of the first rotating disc (413); the two first arc-shaped clamping grooves (412) are symmetrically arranged on a virtual circumference taking the center of the first rotating disc (413) as the center of a circle; the second adjusting mechanism (42) is correspondingly provided with a first clamping part (100), and the first clamping part (100) is embedded in the first arc-shaped clamping groove (412) and is in sliding connection with the first arc-shaped clamping groove; the side surface of one of the first arc-shaped clamping grooves (412) is provided with a first locking part (415) in a penetrating manner, and the first locking part (415) can extend out in a rotating manner relative to the first arc-shaped clamping groove (412) and abut against the surface of the first clamping part (100) in the first arc-shaped clamping groove (412).

Further preferably, the second adjusting mechanism (42) further comprises a second connecting plate (421), two second arc-shaped clamping grooves (422), a second rotating disc (423), a second driving part (424) and a second locking part (425); the surface of the second connecting plate (421) close to the first adjusting mechanism (41) is fixedly connected with the first rotary disc (413), the surface of the second connecting plate (421) far away from the first adjusting mechanism (41) is provided with a second rotary disc (423), a second driving part (424) and two second arc-shaped clamping grooves (422), the second rotary disc (423) is rotatably connected with the second connecting plate (421), and the second rotary disc (423) is fixedly connected with the shell (43); the second driving part (424) is rotatably connected with the second connecting plate (421), and the surface of the second driving part (424) is tangential to and meshed with the surface of the second rotary disc (423); the two second arc-shaped clamping grooves (422) are symmetrically arranged on a virtual circumference which takes the center of the second rotary table (423) as the center of a circle; the shell (43) is correspondingly provided with a second clamping part (200), and the second clamping part (200) is embedded in the second arc-shaped clamping groove (422) and is in sliding connection with the second arc-shaped clamping groove; a second locking part (425) is arranged on the side surface of one second arc-shaped clamping groove (422) in a penetrating mode, and the second locking part (425) can extend out in a rotating mode relative to the second arc-shaped clamping groove (422) and abut against the surface of the second clamping part (200) in the second arc-shaped clamping groove (422).

More preferably, the laser measuring head (44) comprises a light outlet part (441) and a detection part (442), a first window (300) and a second window (400) which penetrate through the housing (43) are correspondingly arranged on the surface close to the rotating mechanism (2), the first window (300) and the second window (400) are arranged at intervals, the light outlet part (441) is arranged opposite to the first window (300) and is positioned in the housing (43) at the first window (300), and the detection part (442) is arranged in the housing (43) at the second window (400); the light emitting part (441) is used for emitting laser to irradiate the surface of the train wheel or the coplanar indicator (6); a detection unit (442) acquires an image of the laser light reflected by the surface of the indicator (63), and determines the positional relationship between the image of the laser light and the indicator (63) of the corresponding coplanar indicator (6).

Still further preferably, an infrared cut filter is disposed at the second window (400).

Further preferably, the housing (43) includes a first mounting portion (431), a second mounting portion (432), and a third mounting portion (433); the first installation part (431) and the second installation part (432) are arranged in parallel at intervals, the third installation part (433) is arranged at the edge position between the first installation part (431) and the second installation part (432) and is respectively fixedly connected with the first installation part (431) and the second installation part (432), a cavity is further formed between the first installation part (431) and the second installation part (432), and the laser measuring head (44) is embedded into the cavity; the cooling pipelines (45) are respectively arranged in the first installation part (431), the second installation part (432) and the third installation part (433), and the adjacent cooling pipelines (45) are sequentially communicated and vertically arranged.

Compared with the prior art, the line laser automatic measurement system for the high-temperature train wheel provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the detachable coplanar indicating body is arranged to perform coplanar adjustment on the laser emitted by the plurality of scanning measuring mechanisms, so that the specific contour sizes of different surfaces of the train wheel in the same vertical plane are obtained, and the contour size of the whole train wheel is scanned by subsequently driving the rotating mechanism to rotate, so that the accurate forging size is obtained;

(2) the coplanar indicating body is provided with an indicating part which is shifted inwards relative to the outlines of the two polygonal side plates so as to form an inwards concave indicating groove, on one hand, the indicating groove is fixed in size and can be used for a scanning measuring mechanism to project laser to the surface of the indicating groove, so that the laser emitting direction is convenient to position, the relation between the length of the laser projected on the surface of the indicating part and the length of the side plate of the indicating part is also convenient to measure, and the current posture of the scanning measuring mechanism is convenient to further feed back and adjust;

(3) the scanning measuring mechanism can independently rotate in two axial directions and perform position locking, and the horizontal position of the scanning measuring mechanism can be adjusted by combining the horizontal adjusting screw rod, so that the scanning measuring mechanism can be better aligned with the surface of the indicating part at the indicating groove;

(4) the combined matching pipeline of the shell is arranged along the extending direction of each side edge of the laser measuring head, so that the shell can be better attached to the laser measuring head and can take away heat generated during the working process of the laser measuring head;

(5) the infrared cut-off filter arranged at the second window can absorb heat, and components at the detection part are prevented from being damaged due to overheating.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a combination of a line laser automated measurement system for a high temperature train wheel of the present invention and a train wheel;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the line laser automated measurement system for a high temperature railway wheel of the present invention with the cooling mechanism removed;

FIG. 3 is a right side view of the combination of the base, the rotating mechanism, the frame and the scanning measuring mechanism of the line laser automatic measuring system for the high temperature train wheel of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the combination of the base, the rotating mechanism, the frame and the scanning measuring mechanism of the line laser automatic measuring system for high temperature train wheels according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a coplanar indicating body of the line laser automated measurement system of a high temperature train wheel of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a right side view of a coplanar indicating body of the line laser automated measurement system of a hot rail wheel of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a top view of a coplanar indicating body of the line laser automated measurement system of a hot rail wheel of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a front view, in half section, of a coplanar indicating body of a line laser automated measurement system for a hot rail wheel of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a scanning measurement mechanism of the line laser automated measurement system for a high temperature train wheel of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of a scanning measurement mechanism of the line laser automated measurement system for a hot rail wheel of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a top view of the combination state of the housing and the second clamping portion of the line laser automatic measuring system for high temperature train wheels according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 11;

fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 11.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a line laser automatic measurement system for a high-temperature train wheel is schematically shown, which comprises a forged train wheel to be measured, a base 1, a rotating mechanism 2, a frame 3, a plurality of scanning measurement mechanisms 4, a cooling mechanism 5 and a coplanar indicator 6;

the base 1 is fixedly arranged on the ground, and the inside of the base 1 is hollow; the base 1 shown in the drawings has an upwardly projecting annular configuration with an annular space therein. The base 1 is used to support and fix the rotating laser 2, the scanning measurement laser 4 and the coplanar indicator 6.

The rotating mechanism 2 is arranged at one end of the base 1 far away from the ground; the rotating mechanism 2 and the base 1 are rotatably arranged; the train wheel is horizontally arranged at one end of the rotating mechanism 2 far away from the ground; the rotating mechanism 2 can drive the train wheel to horizontally rotate 360 degrees relative to the vertical direction. In order to prevent adverse effect caused by the fact that the train wheel with high temperature is too close to the scanning measurement laser 4 in the base 1, a heat insulation support can be further additionally arranged on the rotating mechanism 2, and the train wheel is horizontally lifted at multiple positions. The driving of the rotating mechanism 2 may be realized by a servo motor or the like.

One end of the frame body 3 is fixedly connected with the base 1, and the other end of the frame body extends upwards and outwards in the direction away from the ground; the frame 3 is provided with the scanning and measuring mechanisms 4. Each scanning and measuring mechanism 4 is respectively arranged on the surface of the frame body 3 or in the base 1, and each scanning and measuring mechanism 4 is respectively aligned with the side surface of the train wheel, the end surface close to the ground or the end surface far away from the ground;

the cooling mechanism 5 is arranged on the surface of the frame 3 in the extending direction and is far away from the rotating mechanism 2; each scanning and measuring mechanism 4 is also respectively communicated with a cooling mechanism 5; the cooling mechanism 5 is used for cooling each scanning and measuring mechanism 4; the cooling mechanism 5 introduces cooling medium into each scanning and measuring mechanism 4 to take away heat generated by each scanning and measuring mechanism 4 during working or by heat radiation of a high-temperature train wheel.

The coplanar indicator 6 is detachably arranged at one end of the rotating mechanism 2 far away from the ground, and the coplanar indicator 6 is used for calibrating the laser emitted by each scanning measuring mechanism 4 in the same plane; the coplanar indicator 6 is used for coplanar adjustment of light emitted by the scanning and measuring mechanisms 4, so that the scanning and measuring mechanisms 4 can simultaneously scan the same vertical section of the train wheel, and accurate profile measurement is realized.

The coplanar indicator 6 removes the coplanar indicator 6 after laser emitted by each scanning and measuring mechanism 4 is coplanar, a train wheel after high-temperature forging is placed on the rotating mechanism 2, the rotating mechanism 2 drives the train wheel to horizontally rotate, the train wheel is scanned by each scanning and measuring mechanism 4 to carry out full-size scanning detection, and then the current point cloud data is fused with three-dimensional modeling to obtain complete train wheel contour dimension data.

As shown in fig. 5-8, a specific configuration of coplanar indicator 6 is shown. The coplanar indicator 6 comprises a base plate 61, two polygonal side plates 62 and an indicating part 63; the substrate 61 is detachably connected with one end of the rotating mechanism 2 far away from the ground; two polygonal side plates 62 are arranged on the end face, far away from the ground, of the base plate 61 in parallel at intervals, and the two polygonal side plates 62 extend outwards along the vertical direction; an indicating part 63 is arranged between the two polygonal side plates 62, and the indicating part 63 is fixedly connected with the two polygonal side plates 62 and the base plate 61; an indicating groove 64 is formed between the edges of the two polygonal side plates 62 and the edges of the indicating part 63; each scanning and measuring mechanism 4 is aligned with a different position of the indicating groove 64. The base plate 61 is detachably connected to the rotating mechanism 2, for example, by using bolts. An inwards concave indicating part 63 is arranged between the two polygonal side plates 62, so that the scanning and measuring mechanism 4 can conveniently project the emitted visible laser on the surface of the indicating part 63, and the scanning and measuring mechanism 4 can obtain the image of the projected linear laser area, thereby being convenient for subsequently adjusting the posture of the scanning and measuring mechanism 4. Coplanar indicator 6 is disposed in a fixed position on rotary mechanism 2.

The indicating groove 64 is formed by offsetting the connecting side of each non-substrate 61 of the indicating part 63 of the coplanar indicator 6 relative to the connecting side of each non-substrate 61 of the adjacent polygonal side plate 62 to a certain distance towards the inside of the polygonal side plate 62; the laser light emitting direction of each scanning and measuring mechanism 4 and the surface of the indicating groove 64 irradiated correspondingly form an inclination angle. The boundary of the indication groove 64 defines the projection area of the linear laser emitted by the scanning and measuring mechanism 4, and since the position of the coplanar indicator 6 is fixed, the real-time adjustment of the posture of the scanning and measuring mechanism 4 can make the linear laser completely fall on a certain side area inside the indication groove 64, so as to indicate that the scanning and measuring mechanism 4 is aligned with the surface of a certain indication part 63 of the coplanar indicator 6. The number of sides of the polygonal side plate 62 and the indicating portion 63 of the coplanar indicator 6 is shown as a pentagon, and the number of scanning and measuring mechanisms 4 in the present embodiment is 3, but the number of sides of the polygonal side plate 62 and the indicating portion 63 and the number of corresponding scanning and measuring mechanisms 4 can be adjusted. The direction of the arrow shown in fig. 8 is the direction of the linear laser beam emitted from the scanning measuring mechanism 4.

As shown in fig. 9 to 13, each scanning and measuring mechanism 4 includes a first adjusting mechanism 41, a second adjusting mechanism 42, a housing 43, and a laser probe 44; the first adjusting mechanism 41 is connected with the surface of the frame 3 facing the rotating mechanism 2 or the end surface of the base 1 far away from the ground; the first adjusting mechanism 41 is provided with a second adjusting mechanism 42, the second adjusting mechanism 42 is provided with a shell 43, the shell 43 is embedded with a laser measuring head 44, the shell 43 is internally provided with a plurality of cooling pipelines 45 surrounding the laser measuring head 44, and the cooling pipelines 45 are used for being communicated with the cooling mechanism 5; the first adjusting mechanism 41 or the second adjusting mechanism 42 is used for adjusting the light emitting directions of the casing 43 and the laser measuring head 44, so that the laser emitted by the laser measuring head 44 is coplanar with one surface of the indicating groove 64 of the coplanar indicator 6. The first adjustment mechanism 41 can move horizontally with respect to the housing 3 or the base 1, the second adjustment mechanism 42 can rotate at a certain angle with respect to the first adjustment mechanism, and the housing 43 can also rotate at a certain angle in the other axial direction with respect to the second adjustment mechanism 42, thereby achieving three-axis attitude adjustment.

The description will be given taking as an example the scanning and measuring mechanism 4 provided on the side surface of the frame 3 in the vertical extending direction: the first adjusting mechanism 41 comprises a horizontal adjusting screw 410, a first connecting plate 411, two first arc-shaped clamping grooves 412, a first rotating disc 413, a first driving part 414 and a first locking part 415; the first connecting plate 411 is arranged on the surface of the frame body 3 or in the base 1, and the first connecting plate 411 is connected with the frame body 3 in a sliding mode, namely the width of the frame body 3 extends horizontally; the horizontal adjusting screw 410 is hinged with the first connecting plate 411, and the horizontal adjusting screw 410 is also in threaded connection with the frame body 3; a first rotating disc 413, a first driving part 414 and two first arc-shaped clamping grooves 412 are arranged on the surface of the first connecting plate 411, the first rotating disc 413 is rotatably connected with the first connecting plate 411, and the first rotating disc 413 is also fixedly connected with the end surface, close to the first adjusting mechanism 41, of the second adjusting mechanism 42; the first driving portion 414 is rotatably connected to the first connecting plate 411, and a surface of the first driving portion 414 is tangential to and meshed with a surface of the first rotating disk 413, so that the second adjusting mechanism 42 and the first rotating disk 413 can be driven to rotate by a certain angle by adjusting the first driving portion 414; the thread structure of the horizontal adjusting screw 410 has a position self-locking function; the two first arc-shaped clamping grooves 412 are symmetrically arranged on a virtual circumference which takes the center of the first rotating disc 413 as the center of a circle; the second adjusting mechanism 42 is correspondingly provided with a first clamping portion 100, the first clamping portion 100 is embedded in the first arc-shaped clamping groove 412 and is slidably connected with the first arc-shaped clamping groove, and the first clamping portion 100 is correspondingly of an arc-shaped structure; a first locking portion 415 is arranged on a side surface of one of the first arc-shaped slots 412 in a penetrating manner, and the first locking portion 415 can extend out in a rotating manner relative to the first arc-shaped slot 412 and abuts against the surface of the first clamping portion 100 in the first arc-shaped slot 412; when the first locking portion 415 rotates clockwise, the start end portion is driven to extend into and abut against the first clamping portion 100, so as to lock the current position of the second adjusting mechanism 42, otherwise, the first locking portion 415 is released, so that the first clamping portion 100 can move freely. Of course, if the scanning and measuring mechanism 4 is selected as the internal one of the base 1, the first connecting plate 411 is slidable with respect to the base 1, and will not be described herein. The first locking portion 415 may be a rotary link mechanism, which changes the rotation of the rotary movable end into the extension length of the telescopic portion, and when the rotary movable end is rotated to a certain angle, such as 90 °, the rotary movable end is rotated to maximize the extension length of the telescopic portion.

Still taking the scanning and measuring mechanism 4 disposed on the side surface of the frame 3 in the vertical extending direction as an example for explanation, the second adjusting mechanism 42 further includes a second connecting plate 421, two second arc-shaped clamping grooves 422, a second rotating disc 423, a second driving part 424 and a second locking part 425; the surface of the second connecting plate 421 close to the first adjusting mechanism 41 is fixedly connected to the first rotating disc 413, the surface of the second connecting plate 421 far from the first adjusting mechanism 41 is provided with a second rotating disc 423, a second driving portion 424 and two second arc-shaped clamping grooves 422, the second rotating disc 423 is rotatably connected to the second connecting plate 421, and the second rotating disc 423 is fixedly connected to the housing 43; the second driving part 424 is rotatably connected with the second connecting plate 421, and the surface of the second driving part 424 is tangential to and meshed with the surface of the second rotary disc 423; the two second arc-shaped clamping grooves 422 are symmetrically arranged on a virtual circumference taking the center of the second rotary table 423 as the center of a circle; the housing 43 is correspondingly provided with a second clamping portion 200, and the second clamping portion 200 is embedded in the second arc-shaped clamping groove 422 and is slidably connected with the second arc-shaped clamping groove; a second locking portion 425 is disposed through a side surface of one of the second arc-shaped slots 422, and the second locking portion 425 can extend out in a rotating manner relative to the second arc-shaped slot 422 and abut against a surface of the second clamping portion 200 in the second arc-shaped slot 422. The second adjustment mechanism 42 operates in a similar manner to the first adjustment mechanism 41.

The laser measuring head 44 comprises an optical outlet portion 441 and a detection portion 442, a first window 300 and a second window 400 which are through are correspondingly arranged on the surface of the shell 43 close to the rotating mechanism 2, the first window 300 and the second window 400 are arranged at intervals, the optical outlet portion 441 is arranged opposite to the first window 300 and is positioned in the shell 43 at the first window 300, and the detection portion 442 is arranged in the shell 43 at the second window 400; the light emitting part 441 is used for emitting laser to irradiate the surface of the train wheel or the coplanar indicator 6; the detector 442 acquires an image of the laser beam reflected by the surface of the indicator 63, and determines the positional relationship between the image of the laser beam and the indicator 63 of the corresponding coplanar indicator 6. The detection unit 442 may be a general camera or a laser three-dimensional scanner. The length and position of the linear laser projected by the light-emitting portion 441 on the corresponding side line of the indication groove 64 are scanned and acquired by the detecting portion 442, so that whether the current position and posture of the scanning and measuring mechanism 4 are proper or not can be judged. The specific method may be that the detection portion 442 obtains point cloud data of the laser on the side line corresponding to the indication groove 64, fits the point cloud data with the side line area of the corresponding indication groove 64, and checks whether the laser completely falls in the side line area. After the posture of the scanning and measuring mechanism 4 is adjusted, the scanning and measuring mechanisms 4 further scan the contour of the train wheel, the reconstruction of a three-dimensional model of the train wheel is realized, and after the model reconstruction is completed, the contour size of the train wheel is obtained by indirect measurement. Reconstructing a three-dimensional model of a product through laser linear scanning is a common technical means in the field, and the algorithm used is also an original algorithm, which is not described herein again.

In order to prevent the detection unit 442 from being interfered by the high-temperature train wheel heat radiation, an infrared cut filter is disposed at the second window 400, and heat insulation and absorption processes are performed.

As shown in fig. 12 and 13, in order to better adhere to and dissipate heat from the laser probe 44, the housing 43 includes a first mounting portion 431, a second mounting portion 432, and a third mounting portion 433; the first mounting part 431 and the second mounting part 432 are arranged in parallel at intervals, the third mounting part 433 is arranged at the edge position between the first mounting part 431 and the second mounting part 432 and is respectively and fixedly connected with the first mounting part 431 and the second mounting part 432, a cavity is further formed between the first mounting part 431 and the second mounting part 432, and the laser measuring head 44 is embedded into the cavity; the cooling pipes 45 are respectively arranged in the first mounting part 431, the second mounting part 432 and the third mounting part 433, and the adjacent cooling pipes 45 are sequentially communicated and vertically arranged. The cooling pipeline 45 is arranged around each surface of the laser measuring head 44, so that the bonding area and the heat dissipation effect are larger, and the performance of the laser measuring head 44 is more stable during working.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.