Underground lodging-resistant structure for arbor transplantation and construction method
阅读说明：本技术 乔木移栽地下抗倒伏结构及施工方法 (Underground lodging-resistant structure for arbor transplantation and construction method ) 是由 贾彦兵 安通 洪长敏 吕敬应 叶军海 周一勤 于 2021-08-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种乔木移栽地下抗倒伏结构及施工方法,包括种植穴、乔木的土球、土工格栅等,其具有如下特点：一是土工格栅为多孔框格材料,可供土球中的乔木根系无阻碍生长,提高乔木移栽绿地的整体性,减少水土流失,生态环保；二是土工格栅价格低、抗拉强度高,布设方式可选用×字形、十字形、米字型或满布形土工格栅,多样灵活,适应性强,消除移栽乔木地面支撑的各种弊端,提高乔木的观赏性和克服安全隐患；三是所提供计算方法原理清晰、科学实用,可作为乔木移栽地下抗倒伏结构的施工指导。因此,本发明具有构造简单、施工便利、造价低廉、安全可靠、美观实用、易于推广应用等特点,其结合相应的施工方法,具有较高的经济效益和社会效益。(The invention discloses an underground lodging-resistant structure for arbor transplantation and a construction method, wherein the underground lodging-resistant structure comprises planting holes, soil balls of arbors, geogrids and the like, and has the following characteristics: the geogrid is made of a porous lattice material, so that root systems of trees in soil balls can grow unimpeded, the integrity of transplanted green lands of the trees is improved, water and soil loss is reduced, and the geogrid is ecological and environment-friendly; the geogrid is low in price and high in tensile strength, the arrangement mode can be X-shaped, cross-shaped, rice-shaped or full-cloth-shaped, the geogrid is diversified and flexible, the adaptability is strong, various defects of ground support of transplanted trees are eliminated, the ornamental value of the trees is improved, and potential safety hazards are overcome; and thirdly, the provided calculation method is clear in principle, scientific and practical, and can be used as construction guidance for the underground lodging-resistant structure for arbor transplanting. Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient construction, low manufacturing cost, safety, reliability, beauty, practicability, easy popularization and application and the like, and has higher economic benefit and social benefit by combining with a corresponding construction method.)
1. An underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting trees comprises a plurality of planting holes (5) which are uniformly and regularly arranged on a green land (1) in a multi-row and multi-column mode, and trees (2) with soil balls (3) are transplanted in each planting hole, and the underground lodging-resistant structure is characterized in that a plurality of planting holes (5) are provided with a plurality of planar geogrid bars (62) which are vertically and horizontally arranged and are in cross shapes (8) or a plurality of planar geogrid bars (62) which are diagonally and crossly arranged and are in X-shaped (9), and the geogrid bars (62) of each cross shape (8) or the geogrid bars (62) of each X-shaped (9) are vertically and repeatedly and alternately arranged from the top of the soil ball (3) of one tree (2) to the bottom of the soil ball (3) of the adjacent tree (2); the top of each soil ball (3) is provided with a fixed geogrid ring (61), and the geogrid ring is fixed with each piece of cross-shaped (8) or each piece of geogrid strip (62) in a shape like a Chinese character 'xi' (9) passing through the top of the soil ball (3).
2. The underground structure of claim 1, wherein the width of the horizontal sheets of the cross-shaped (8) geogrid bars (62) is as wide asThe width of a plurality of planar geogrids (62) which are arranged in a diagonal crossing manner and are in a shape of X (9) isThe two are combined and arranged to form a grid of the earthwork in a shape of a Chinese character mi; the soil engineering grid bars (62) of each cross (8) or the soil engineering grid bars (62) of each X-shaped (9) are vertically arranged from the top of the soil ball (3) of one arbor (2) for multiple times to the bottom of the soil ball (3) of the adjacent arbor (2) in an extending and alternating mode, the vertical curve of the soil engineering grid bars is fitted by a triangular cosine curve, the top and the bottom of the soil ball (3) of each arbor (2) are included by the soil engineering grid bars (62) in a triangular cosine curve shape, when the soil ball (3) under the influence of wind force of the arbor (2) has a moving trend, the soil engineering grid bars (62) generate frictional resistance between the soil engineering grid bars (62) and planting soil (4), the top of the soil ball (3) is provided with upper soil engineering grid bars (621), the bottom of the soil ball is provided with lower soil engineering grid bars (622) which are respectively acted with the pressure of the planting soil (4)PAS(x)、PAX(x)Taking the geogrid bars (62) distributed in a cross shape (8) as an example, the middle of the greening ground (1)Any given arbor in a row or column of at least 4 arborsA(21) ArborsARespectively formed by the tension of an upper geogrid (621) and a lower geogrid (622)T AS 、 T AX Resisting resultant windF(ii) a For trees with one row or column edgeB(22) From the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid (621), the lower geogrid (622) and the straight line of the length are arrangedl 1 Tension of length of geogrid (62) combination resists to shut wind forceF；According to the force balance principle, the geotechnical grid bar (62) resists the resultant forceFThe tensile force, the moment and the related calculation formula of the soil nail (7);
formula I,
ArborA(21) The fitting trigonometric function curve of the upper geogrid (621) and the lower geogrid (622) of the soil ball (3) top and bottom cross (8) single piece and the pressure of the planting soil (4) are
Row or column edge treesB(22) From the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid (621), the lower geogrid (622) and the straight line of the length are arrangedl 1 The curve and linear equation of the combination of the length of the earthwork grid bars and the pressure of the planting soil (4) are
The second formula,
ArborA(22) Earth ball (3) top and bottom upper geotechnical grid bar (621)、The earth work grid bars (622) are arrangeddxFrictional resistance in length andnmultiple times2lHorizontal tension, one-row or one-column edge arborB(22) The top and the bottom of the earth ball (3) are in a curve shape of a triangular cosineForm ofl/2The upper geogrid (621), the lower geogrid (622) and the straight line of the length are arrangedl 1 Length earth work griddxFrictional resistance in length andl/2+l 1 the horizontal tension of the length is
Calculating arborA(21) Upper geotechnical grid (621)、Grid bar (622) for resisting combined wind forceFWhen the horizontal tension of
Wherein
Calculating arborA(21) Upper geotechnical grid (621)、The grid bars (622) of the lower earthwork use the earth ball bottom as the rotation point to resist the combined wind forceFHorizontal tension at moment of force of
Wherein
Arbors with calculation of edges of one row or columnB(22) From the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid (621), the lower geogrid (622) and the straight line of the length are arrangedl/2+l 1 Combined length resistant wind powerFAt the time of horizontal tension
Wherein
Arbors with calculation of edges of one row or columnB(22) From the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid (621), the lower geogrid (622) and the straight line of the length are arrangedl/2+l 1 Length combination wind force resisting force taking earth ball bottom as rotating pointFHorizontal tension at moment of force of
Wherein
The formula III,
ArborA(21) The tension of the upper earthwork grid bar (621) and the lower earthwork grid bar (622) is opposite to the combined wind forceFThe stability factor at the time of horizontal sliding of (1) is required to satisfy
ArborA(21) Upper geotechnical grid (621)、Moment of gravity of grid bar (622) of lower earth workFThe stability factor of the resistance to lodging moment is required to meet
Row or column edge treesB(22) From the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid (621), the lower geogrid (622) and the straight line of the length are arrangedl/2+l1Combined length resistant wind powerFThe stability factor at the time of horizontal sliding needs to be satisfied
Row or column edge treesB(22) From the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid (621), the lower geogrid (622) and the straight line of the length are arrangedl/2+l 1 Combined length resistant wind powerFThe stability factor of the lodging resistant moment is required to meet
The same row spacing and column spacing of the above calculation formulas arelAnd the row spacing and the column spacing are different, different spacings are used
Replacing a row space or a column space; resultant force of wind powerFThe direction of the angle is inclined with the geogrid bars arranged in a row or a column in a cross shapeIn time, in formula one, formula two and formula threeRespectively by correspondingReplacing; the geogrid strips (62) arranged in a shape of a Chinese character 'x' (9) are calculated by the method, and the geogrid strips arranged in a shape of a Chinese character 'mi' are superposed and calculated by the method;
the symbols in formula one, formula two and formula three are defined as:
-the width of the geogrid strip (62),；
-the number of coefficients is,no dimension;
-arranging a uniform and regular half length of the distance between the centers of the planting holes (5) of each row and each column on the green land (1),；
arbors with one row or column of edgesB(22) The length of the geogrid (62) is arranged in a straight line shape,；
arbors with one row or column of edgesB(22) The length of the soil nails at the tail end of the geogrid bar (62) is arranged in a straight line shape,；
arborA(21) Required geogrid (62) arrangement horizontal length to meet horizontal stability and lodging resistance requirements divided by2l，Namely the number of the periods of the cosine trigonometric function fitted at 2 times of the distance of the arbor;
arbors with edges in one row or one column respectivelyB(22) From the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid strip (621) and the lower geogrid strip (622) in length and the arbor which is linearly arranged and has the soil nail number or one row or one column of edge and the tail end of which meets the requirement of horizontal sliding stabilityBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid (621), the lower geogrid (622) and the straight line of the length are arrangedl/2+l 1 Combined resisting combined wind forceFThe number of the soil nails required by the drawing safety factor of the soil nails (7) is large when the lodging resistant torque is applied;
the arbor (2) is transplanted to the radius of the soil ball (3),；
-the diameter of the soil nail (7),；
the height from the bottom surface of the soil ball (3) transplanted by the arbor (2) to the top surface of the planting soil (4),；
-the horizontal resultant force of the wind to which the arbor (2) is subjected is determined by field test tests or with reference to relevant standard specifications, according to the external dimensions of the arbor (2) and the climatic conditions of the field,；
the arbor (2) is transplanted to the bottom surface of the soil ball (3) to the height of the resultant force of the wind,；
the half height of the soil ball (3) transplanted by the arbor (2) is taken as the original pointOThe horizontal abscissa value of (a) is,；
the half height of the soil ball (3) transplanted by the arbor (2) is taken as the original pointOIs/are as followsThe equation of the cosine trigonometric function of (c),；
by treesA(21) And arborB(22) Half height of the transplanting soil ball (3) is the original pointOIs/are as followsTangent of the triangular cosine curve andthe included angle of the axes is set by the angle,；
arbors with one row or column of edgesB(22) Is arranged in a straight linel/2+l 1 Geomatics grid bar shape andthe included angle of the axes is set by the angle,；
an included angle between the earthwork grid bar (62) of the- (X) -shaped (9) and the earthwork grid bar (62) of the cross-shaped (8),；
arbors with one row or column of edgesB(22) Is arranged in a straight linel/2+l 1 The angle between the axial direction and the vertical direction of the soil nails at the tail ends of the geogrid strips,；
resultant force of windFThe angle of action line to one row or column of criss-cross geogrids (62)，；
-the coefficient of friction between the geogrid strip (62) and the planting soil (4) is determined by field tests or by reference to relevant standard specifications;
the soil balls (3) of the planting soil (4) and the arbor (2) are of the same weight, and in order to simplify the calculation, the planting soil (4) and the soil balls (3) are taken to be of the same weight,；
-the vertical distribution load of the geogrid (62),；
respectively being arborsA(21) The top of the soil ball (3) and the upper geogrid bar (621) at the bottom of the soil ball、Simulating of grid (622) for laying earth workCombining the trigonometric function curve and the distribution load received,；
arbors with one row or one column of edges respectivelyB(22) From the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid (621), the lower geogrid (622) and the straight line of the length are arrangedl 1 The curve and linear equation of the length of the geogrid strip, the distribution load suffered,；
respectively being arborsA(21) The upper geogrid (621) and the lower geogrid (622) at the top and the bottom of the soil ball (3) are arranged ondxFrictional resistance in length andnmultiple times2lHorizontal tension, one-row or one-column edge arborB(22) From the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid (621), the lower geogrid (622) and the straight line of the length are arrangedl 1 Length combined earthwork grid bardxThe friction resistance on the length of the steel pipe is improved,；
respectively calculation of arborA(21) The upper earthwork grid bar (621) and the lower earthwork grid bar (622) resist the combined wind forceFHorizontal tension and resisting resultant wind forceFThe horizontal tension of the geogrid bar during the moment,；
arbors counting edges of a row or column, respectivelyB(22) From the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid (621), the lower geogrid (622) and the straight line of the length are arrangedl/2+l 1 Length resisting resultant forceFCombined force of horizontal tension and resistanceFThe horizontal tension force in the moment of force,；
respectively being arborsA(21) The upper geogrid (621) and the lower geogrid (622) have tension and wind combining forceFHorizontal sliding stability coefficient, moment of tension and resultant force of windFThe lodging resistance stability factor of the moment;
respectively being arborsB(22) Tension and wind combining force of earthwork grid barFHorizontal sliding stability coefficient, moment of tension and resultant force of windFThe lodging resistance stability factor of the moment.
3. The underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanted arbors according to claim 2, wherein the geogrid is a geosynthetic material, and one or more of a plastic geogrid, a steel-plastic geogrid, a glass fiber geogrid and a high-strength polyester geogrid are selected; the geogrid strips (62) are strip geogrids cut to a certain width according to specification models specified by national standards or row standards, and the strip width is 5-10 cm larger than the diameter of the soil ball (3); the upper soilThe grid bars (621) and the lower earthwork grid bars (622) have the same model and specification, the names are distinguished due to different placement positions, and the upper earthwork grid bars (621) are arrangedLaying, laying an earth grid (622) toAnd laying, wherein the upper geogrid (621) and the lower geogrid (622) are mutually inserted to form a junction (63) of the connection, an upper geogrid (623) is positioned above the junction, namely above the middle-layer planting soil, and a lower geogrid (624) is positioned below the junction (63), namely below the middle-layer planting soil.
4. The underground anti-lodging structure for transplanted arbors according to claim 1, wherein the geogrid rings (61) are annular geogrids obtained by cutting off finished products, the diameter of the inner ring is 1-2 cm larger than the diameter of a trunk at the joint of the arbors (2) and the soil balls (3), and the diameter of the outer ring is 5-10 cm larger than the diameter of the soil balls (3).
5. The underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanted arbor trees as claimed in claim 3, wherein the planting soil (4) is soil suitable for the growth of transplanted arbor trees (2), the planting soil (4) is separated by the upper geogrid (623) and the lower geogrid (624), the lower planting soil (41) is arranged below the lower geogrid (624), the middle planting soil (42) is arranged between the upper geogrid (623) and the lower geogrid (624), the upper planting soil (43) is arranged above the upper geogrid (623), and the three planting soils have the same properties.
6. The underground structure of claim 1, wherein the arbor is transplanted to the groundA(21) Being an intermediate arbor (2) in a row or column, said arborB(22) Is a tree (2) at the edge in a row or column.
7. The underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanted trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil balls (3) are the parts dug up together with the soil around the root system for transplantation when the trees (2) are transplanted, the size of the soil balls (3) is determined according to the specification of the trees, and the soil balls are hemispherical or segmental.
8. The underground lodging-resistant structure for arbor transplantation according to claim 1, wherein the planting hole (5) is a position for transplanting the arbor (2), the diameter of the planting hole (5) is increased by 60-80 cm according to the root system of the arbor (2) or the diameter of the soil ball (3), the depth is increased by 20-40 cm, and the pit wall is vertical.
9. The underground structure of claim 2, wherein the soil nails (7) are steel reinforcing bars and are driven into the green land (1) to fix the geogrids (62).
10. A construction method of a tree-transplanted underground lodging-resistant structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the construction method comprises the following steps, taking a plurality of planar geogrids (62) which are arranged in a criss-cross manner (8) in a longitudinal and transverse manner as an example:
step one, drawing sizes of all parts of the underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting arbor and selecting related parameters
According to design information and on-site climatic environment conditions, the size and arrangement form of each part of the underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting the trees are preliminarily simulated, and the materials of the geogrid strips (62) and the soil nails (7) and various safety coefficients are selected;
calculating and rechecking by a formula I, a formula II and a formula III and determining the movement of the arborThe size and the arrangement form of each component of the underground lodging-resistant structure are planted, and the geogrid (62) and soil nail (7) materials and various safety factors are selected;
preparing materials of each component, manufacturing each component, compiling a construction organization design file, and organizing construction;
step two, leveling the green land, arranging planting holes and applying base fertilizer
Measuring and lofting according to a design drawing, determining the plane position and elevation of the bottom surface of the base fertilizer of the planting holes (5) and the elevation of the lower planting soil (41), and marking the filling and digging height by using bamboo sticks or wooden piles, wherein the filling and digging height comprises the bottom elevation of the linear geotechnical grid bars of each row of edge planting holes (5);
leveling a green land (1), excavating and cleaning to the bottom surface of the base fertilizer of the planting hole (5), and applying the base fertilizer;
backfilling the planting soil to the elevation of the lower planting soil (41), including backfilling the planting soil to the bottom elevation of the linear geotechnical grid bars (62) of the edge planting holes of each row, and properly compacting by using a small-sized road roller or an excavator bucket;
step three, laying a lower-layer geogrid and transplanting arbor
Criss-cross geogrid bars (62) are paved at the elevation of the backfilled planting soil (4) in rows and columns, the geogrid bars comprise linear geogrid bars (62) of edge planting holes (5) of each row, the geogrid bars can be lengthened by adopting lap joint or ultrasonic welding, and the lap joint length is 5 cm-10 cm:
secondly, the earthwork grid bars (62) are paved and tensioned, and finally the tail ends of the straight earthwork grid bars (62) of the edge planting holes (5) are fixed by soil nails (7);
thirdly, the arbor (2) is transported to the site, and the soil ball (3) of the arbor is planted in the planting hole (5);
fourthly, temporarily supporting the arbor (2) by using a wood bracket or a steel bracket;
backfilling the middle planting soil and laying the upper geogrid
Backfilling the middle planting soil (42), and properly compacting by a small road roller or a bucket of an excavator;
placing a geogrid ring (61) on the top of the soil ball (3) of the arbor (2), wherein the radial joint seam of the inner ring and the outer ring is welded by ultrasonic waves or is firmly bound by geotextile strips, and the inner ring of the geogrid ring (61) and the arbor trunk are bound by geotextile in a winding way;
thirdly, an upper geogrid (623) is laid between two adjacent trees (2), the upper geogrid (623) and the outer ring of each geogrid ring (61) are welded or bound with each other, tensioning is carried out along with laying during laying, and the upper geogrid and the lower geogrid (624) are welded or bound firmly with each other at the junction (63); the junction of the curved geogrid strip and the straight geogrid strip of the edge planting hole (5) is welded or bound firmly by ultrasonic wave;
step five, backfilling upper planting soil and removing the temporary support bracket
Backfilling the upper planting soil (43), and properly compacting by using a small road roller or an excavator bucket;
adjusting the verticality of the arbor (2), and removing the temporary support bracket after meeting the requirements;
thirdly, the initial maintenance after the arbor (2) is transplanted is carried out according to relevant standard specifications;
the geogrid (62) is arranged in a shape of X (9), namely, the geogrid is rotated by an angleThe geogrid bars (62) in a cross shape (8) are arranged in a formula I to a formula IIIlByThe arrangement of the multiplied line shape (9) or the cross shape (8) of the geogrid strip (62) can be selected according to the direction of wind force;
the laying principle of the double-layer geogrid is consistent with the method and the steps, but is more simplified, and the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is to take the earth ball bottom of the arbor in each planting hole (5) as the lowest point, the middle of two adjacent arbors (2) as the highest point, and the rest parts are the arborsA(21) Cosine curve of、Connecting and backfilling the lower planting soil (41), fully laying the lower geogrid (624), and arranging the edge arborB(22) Fixing the tail ends of the straight geogrid strips by using soil nails;
transplanting the trees (2), temporarily reinforcing the trees by adopting ground supports, backfilling middle-layer planting soil (42) on the lower-layer geogrid (624), namely, not filling soil between every two adjacent trees (2), and backfilling the middle-layer planting soil (42) to the level of the tops of soil balls (3) and properly compacting by using a small road roller or an excavator bucket;
thirdly, laying a geogrid ring (61) on the top of the earth ball of each tree, winding and binding the geogrid ring with the tree trunk by using geotextile, fully laying an upper geogrid, welding or binding the geogrid ring with each geogrid ring by using ultrasonic waves, and firmly welding or binding the geogrid ring with the lower geogrid (624) by using ultrasonic waves at the intersection of the upper geogrid (623) and the lower geogrid (624) between two adjacent trees;
and fourthly, backfilling upper planting soil (43) on the fully paved upper geogrid to a designed height, moderately compacting by using a small-sized road roller or an excavator bucket, firmly welding or binding the junction of the curved geogrid bars of the edge planting holes and the linear geogrid bars by using ultrasonic waves, and anchoring the tail ends of the linear geogrid bars by using soil nails (7).
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological environment protection, in particular to an arbor transplanting lodging-resistant structure and a construction method.
Background
The greening of the trees is an important content for the construction and the protection of the ecological environment and is an internal requirement for the high-quality development of the civilized society. With the acceleration of infrastructure construction, the pace of greening and beautifying the environment is continuously accelerated according to the 'three-synchronization' requirement of engineering construction, and the greening landscape is required to be formed in short time and take effect quickly. Therefore, the trees with large transplant volume become an important means for rapidly greening and beautifying the infrastructure. As the trees with larger volume are valuable ecological resources after years of growth, the method has very high economic and social benefits and environmental protection values, if the transplantation technology is not over, the trees can die, the environment is difficult to beautify, and meanwhile, the ecological environment of the original land of the trees is damaged. In the arbor transplanting technology, wind prevention and lodging resistance after arbor transplanting are important work contents and are key technologies for ensuring the survival and the forest survival of transplanted arbors. At present, the main measures for preventing the trees from lodging during the transplantation are ground support, and the underground lodging-resistant measures are less researched and applied. The ground fixing and supporting mode needs to occupy a certain ground space, pedestrian passing is easily influenced in areas with large pedestrian flow, such as sidewalks and moving squares, and the like, and large potential safety hazards exist; meanwhile, the support exposed on the ground also influences the ornamental effect of the arbor to a certain extent, and the reinforcing effect is poor, so that the rapid construction of arbor landscape is not facilitated. The existing underground reinforcing method is basically used for anchoring and reinforcing the parts around and below the earth ball of the tree in a small range, for example, the published Chinese patent No. CN201911336945, named as 'a tree underground fixing method', the published Chinese patent No. CN201320077831, named as 'a three-dimensional anchoring structure for underground reinforcement of the tree' and the like have the defects of complex structural design, inconvenient construction, poor lodging-resistant effect of the tree and the like, so that the use requirement of the tree transplantation lodging resistance is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the arbor transplanting underground lodging-resistant structure and the construction method, which have the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction, low manufacturing cost, safety, reliability, beauty, practicability and easy popularization and application.
The technical problem of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a kind of arbor transplants the underground and resists the lodging structure, including according to the even regular multiple plant holes of the way of multirow and multiseriate on the green land, transplant the arbor with earth ball in every plant hole, the said multiple plant hole is equipped with the level multi-disc and is disposed vertically and horizontally and is criss-cross geotechnological lattice grid or level multi-disc diagonal cross arrangement and is the geogrid grid of the shape of the x, every criss-cross geotechnological lattice grid or every x geogrid grid of the shape of the x is vertical many times from the earth ball top of a arbor to the earth ball bottom of the adjacent arbor and extends and lays alternatively; the top of each soil ball is provided with a fixed geogrid ring which is fixed with each cross-shaped or each X-shaped geogrid strip passing through the top of the soil ball.
The width of the plane multi-piece criss-cross geogrid isThe width of the plane multi-sheet diagonal cross-arranged X-shaped geogrid isFormed by a combination of the twoA grid of the earth work in a shape of a Chinese character mi; each cross-shaped geogrid strip or each X-shaped geogrid strip is vertically arranged for multiple times from the top of a soil ball of one arbor to the bottom of a soil ball of an adjacent arbor in an extending and alternate mode, a vertical curve of the geogrid is fitted by a triangular cosine curve, the top and the bottom of the soil ball of each arbor are included by the geogrid strips in the shape of the triangular cosine curve, when the soil ball moves under the influence of wind force of the arbor, friction force is generated between the geogrid strips and planting soil, the upper geogrid strip is arranged at the top of the soil ball, the lower geogrid strip is arranged at the bottom of the soil ball, and planting soil pressure acts on the upper geogrid strip and the lower geogrid strip respectivelyPAS(x)、PAX(x)Taking the geogrid bars distributed in a cross shape as an example, for any given arbor in one row or one column of at least 4 arbors in the middle row or one column of the greening landAArborsARespectively by the tension of an upper geogrid and a lower geogridT AS 、T AX Resisting resultant windF(ii) a For trees with one row or column edgeBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2Upper and lower geogrids of length and linear layoutl 1 Tension resisting combined wind force of length geotechnical grid bar combinationF；According to the force balance principle, the geogrid strip is obtained to resist the combined forceFRelated calculation formulas of the tension, the moment and the soil nail;
formula I,
ArborAThe fitting trigonometric function curve of the upper geotechnical grid bars and the lower geotechnical grid bars of the cross-shaped single sheets at the top and the bottom of the soil ball and the pressure of the planting soil are
Row or column edge treesBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2Upper and lower geogrids of length and linear layoutl 1 The curve and linear equation of the combination of the length of the earthwork grid bars and the pressure of the planting soil are
The second formula,
ArborAGeogrid strip on top and bottom of soil ball、The grid bars of the earth work are arrangeddxFrictional resistance in length andnmultiple times2lHorizontal tension, one-row or one-column edge arborBThe top and the bottom of the earth ball are shaped by a triangular cosine curvel/2Upper and lower geogrids of length and linear layoutl 1 Length earth work griddxFrictional resistance in length andl/2+l 1 the horizontal tension of the length is
Calculating arborAUpper geogrid strip、Grid bar for resisting combined wind forceFWhen the horizontal tension of
Wherein
Calculating arborAUpper geogrid strip、The grid bars of the lower earthwork use the earth ball bottom as the rotation point to resist the resultant wind forceFHorizontal tension at moment of force of
Wherein
Arbors with calculation of edges of one row or columnBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2Upper and lower geogrids of length and linear layoutl/2+l 1 Combined length resistant wind powerFAt the time of horizontal tension
Wherein
Arbors with calculation of edges of one row or columnBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2Upper and lower geogrids of length and linear layoutl/2+l 1 Length combination wind force resisting force taking earth ball bottom as rotating pointFHorizontal tension at moment of force of
Wherein
The formula III,
ArborAThe tension of the upper and lower geogrids is opposite to the combined wind forceFThe stability factor at the time of horizontal sliding of (1) is required to satisfy
ArborAUpper geogrid strip、Moment of grid for combined wind powerFThe stability factor of the resistance to lodging moment is required to meet
Row or column edge treesBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2Upper and lower geogrids of length and linear layoutl/2+l1Combined length resistant wind powerFCoefficient of stability at horizontal slidingNeed to satisfy
Row or column edge treesBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2Upper and lower geogrids of length and linear layoutl/2+l 1 Combined length resistant wind powerFThe stability factor of the lodging resistant moment is required to meet
The same row spacing and column spacing of the above calculation formulas arelAnd the row spacing and the column spacing are different, different spacings are used
Replacing a row space or a column space; resultant force of wind powerFThe direction of the angle is inclined with the geogrid bars arranged in a row or a column in a cross shapeIn time, in formula one, formula two and formula threeRespectively by correspondingReplacing; the method is used for calculating the X-shaped arrangement geogrid strips, and the method is used for superposing and calculating the M-shaped arrangement geogrid strips;
the symbols in formula one, formula two and formula three are defined as:
-the width of the geogrid strip,；
-the number of coefficients is,no dimension;
the half length of the center distance of each row and each column of planting holes which are uniform and regular is arranged on the green land,；
arbors with one row or column of edgesBThe length of the geotechnical grid bars is arranged in a straight line shape,；
arbors with one row or column of edgesBThe length of the soil nails at the tail ends of the geogrid strips is linearly distributed,；
arborARequired geogrid strip placement horizontal length to meet horizontal stability and lodging resistance requirements divided by2l，Namely the number of the periods of the cosine trigonometric function fitted at 2 times of the distance of the arbor;
arbors with edges in one row or one column respectivelyBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid strip, the lower geogrid strip and the linear arranged arbor with the length satisfying the soil nail number of the horizontal sliding stability requirement at the tail end of the geogrid strip or one line or one column of edgeBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2Upper and lower geogrids of length and linear layoutl/2+l 1 Combined resisting combined wind forceFThe number of the soil nails required by the safety coefficient of soil nail drawing in the lodging-resistant moment is large;
the radius of the soil ball for transplanting the arbor,；
the diameter of the soil nail is that of the soil nail,；
the height from the bottom surface of the arbor transplanting soil ball to the top surface of the planting soil,；
the horizontal wind resultant force to which the arbor is subjected is determined by field test detection or referring to relevant standard specifications according to the external dimension of the arbor and the field climate condition,；
the arbor is transplanted to the bottom of the soil ball to the height of the resultant force of the wind,；
taking half height of transplanted arbor soil ball as original pointOThe horizontal abscissa value of (a) is,；
taking half height of transplanted arbor soil ball as original pointOIs/are as followsThe equation of the cosine trigonometric function of (c),；
by treesAAnd arborBHalf height of the transplanted soil ball is the original pointOIs/are as followsTangent of the triangular cosine curve andthe included angle of the axes is set by the angle,；
arbors with one row or column of edgesBIs arranged in a straight linel/2+l 1 Geomatics grid bar shape andthe included angle of the axes is set by the angle,；
the angle between the-X-shaped geogrid and the cross-shaped geogrid,；
arbors with one row or column of edgesBIs arranged in a straight linel/2+l 1 The angle between the axial direction and the vertical direction of the soil nails at the tail ends of the geogrid strips,；
resultant force of windFAngle between action line and one row or one column of crisscross arranged earth work grid bars，；
The coefficient of friction between the geogrid and the planting soil is measured by field tests or by reference to relevant standardsDetermining a quasi-standard;
the soil ball weight of the planting soil and the arbor is the same as the planting soil and the soil ball for simplifying the calculation,；
the vertically distributed load of the geogrid strip,；
respectively being arborsAThe upper geogrid strip at the top and the bottom of the soil ball、Fitting trigonometric function curve of the lower earthwork grid bar and the distribution load,；
arbors with one row or one column of edges respectivelyBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2Upper and lower geogrids of length and linear layoutl 1 The curve and linear equation of the length of the geogrid strip, the distribution load suffered,；
respectively being arborsATop of the earth ball and earthThe upper geogrid and the lower geogrid at the bottom of the ball are arrangeddxFrictional resistance in length andnmultiple times2lHorizontal tension, one-row or one-column edge arborBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2Upper and lower geogrids of length and linear layoutl 1 Length combined earthwork grid bardxThe friction resistance on the length of the steel pipe is improved,；
respectively calculation of arborAUpper and lower geogrids resist combined wind forceFHorizontal tension and resisting resultant wind forceFThe horizontal tension of the geogrid bar during the moment,；
arbors counting edges of a row or column, respectivelyBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2Upper and lower geogrids of length and linear layoutl/2+l 1 Length resisting resultant forceFCombined force of horizontal tension and resistanceFThe horizontal tension force in the moment of force,；
respectively being arborsAUpper and lower geogrids tension and combined wind forceFHorizontal sliding stability coefficient, moment of tension and resultant force of windFThe lodging resistance stability factor of the moment;
respectively being arborsBTension and wind combining force of earthwork grid barFHorizontal sliding stability coefficient, moment of tension and resultant force of windFThe lodging resistance stability factor of the moment.
The geogrid is made of a geosynthetic material, and one or more of a plastic geogrid, a steel-plastic geogrid, a glass fiber geogrid and a high-strength polyester geogrid are selected; the geogrid strips are strip geogrids cut to a certain width according to specification models specified by national standards or row standards, and the strip width is 5-10 cm larger than the diameter of a soil ball; the upper geogrid and the lower geogrid have the same model and specification, the names are distinguished due to different placement positions, and the upper geogrid is similar to the lower geogridLaying an earth work gridAnd laying, wherein the upper geogrid and the lower geogrid are mutually inserted to form a junction of the connection, an upper geogrid is positioned above the junction, namely above the middle-layer planting soil, and a lower geogrid is positioned below the junction, namely below the middle-layer planting soil.
The geogrid ring is an annular geogrid obtained by cutting a finished product, the diameter of an inner ring is 1 cm-2 cm larger than the diameter of a trunk at the joint of a tree and a soil ball, and the diameter of an outer ring is 5 cm-10 cm larger than the diameter of the soil ball.
The planting soil is suitable for the soil for the growth of transplanted trees, the planting soil is separated by the upper geogrid and the lower geogrid, the lower planting soil is arranged below the lower geogrid, the middle planting soil is arranged between the upper geogrid and the lower geogrid, the upper planting soil is arranged above the upper geogrid, and the three planting soils have the same properties.
The arborABeing an intermediate arbor in a row or column, said arborBBeing the trees at the edges in the rows or columns.
The soil ball is a part which is dug up together with soil around a root system for transplanting when the arbor is transplanted, the size of the soil ball is determined according to the specification of the arbor, and the soil ball is hemispherical or in a spherical segment shape.
The planting hole is used for transplanting the arbor, the diameter of the planting hole is increased by 60-80 cm according to the diameter of the root system or soil ball of the arbor, the depth is increased by 20-40 cm, and the pit wall is vertical.
The soil nails are steel reinforcing steel bars and are driven into the green ground to fix the geogrid bars.
A construction method of an underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting arbors includes the following steps:
step one, drawing sizes of all parts of the underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting arbor and selecting related parameters
According to design information and on-site climatic environment conditions, the sizes and the arrangement forms of all parts of the underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting the trees are preliminarily simulated, and the geogrid strips, soil nail materials and various safety coefficients are selected;
calculating and rechecking by a formula I, a formula II and a formula III, determining the size and the arrangement form of each component of the underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting the arbor, selecting the geogrid bars and soil nail materials, and selecting various safety factors;
preparing materials of each component, manufacturing each component, compiling a construction organization design file, and organizing construction;
step two, leveling the green land, arranging planting holes and applying base fertilizer
Measuring and lofting according to design drawing, determining the position and elevation of the bottom surface of the base fertilizer of the planting hole and the elevation of the lower planting soil, and marking filling and digging with bamboo stick or wood pileThe height comprises the bottom elevation of the linear geotechnical grid of each row of edge planting holes;
leveling a green land, excavating and cleaning to the bottom surface of the base fertilizer of the planting hole, and applying the base fertilizer;
backfilling the planting soil to the elevation of the lower planting soil, wherein the backfilling of the planting soil to the elevation of the bottom of the linear geotechnical grid bars of the edge planting holes of each row is carried out, and the soil is properly compacted by a small-sized road roller or a bucket of an excavator;
step three, laying a lower-layer geogrid and transplanting arbor
Cross-shaped geogrid bars are paved at the elevation of the backfilled planting soil in rows and columns and in length and breadth, the geogrid bars comprise straight-line geogrid bars of edge planting holes of each row, the geogrid bars can be lengthened by adopting lap joint or ultrasonic welding, and the lap joint length is 5 cm-10 cm:
secondly, when the geogrid strips are laid, the geogrid strips are stretched along with the laying, and finally the tail ends of the straight geogrid strips in the edge planting holes are fixed by soil nails;
transporting the arbor to the site, and planting the soil ball of the arbor in the planting hole;
fourthly, temporarily supporting the arbor by using a wood bracket or a steel bracket;
backfilling the middle planting soil and laying the upper geogrid
Backfilling the middle planting soil, and properly compacting by using a small road roller or a bucket of an excavator;
placing a geogrid ring on the top of a soil ball of a tree, wherein radial cutting seams of the inner ring and the outer ring are welded by ultrasonic waves or are bound firmly by geotextile strips, and the inner ring of the geogrid ring is wound and bound with a tree trunk by geotextile;
thirdly, laying an upper geogrid between two adjacent trees, welding or binding the upper geogrid and the outer ring of each geogrid ring, tensioning along with laying, and firmly welding or binding the upper geogrid and the outer ring of each geogrid ring at the junction of the upper geogrid and the lower geogrid; the junction of the curved geogrid strip of the edge planting hole and the straight geogrid strip is welded or bound firmly by ultrasonic wave;
step five, backfilling upper planting soil and removing the temporary support bracket
Backfilling the upper planting soil, and properly compacting by using a small road roller or an excavator bucket;
adjusting the verticality of the arbor, and dismantling the temporary support bracket after meeting the requirements;
thirdly, the initial maintenance after the arbor transplantation is finished works according to relevant standard specifications;
the geogrid bars are arranged in a shape of X, namely the geogrid bars rotate by an angleThe geogrid strips in a cross shape are arranged in a formula I to a formula IIIlByThe replacement can be carried out, and the X-shaped or cross-shaped arrangement of the geogrid bars is selected according to the direction of wind force;
the laying principle of the geogrid strips in the shape of the Chinese character 'mi' is consistent with the method and the steps, but is more simplified, and the method comprises the following steps:
the first step, the ball bottom of the arbor in each planting hole is taken as the lowest point, the middle of two adjacent arbors is taken as the highest point, and the rest parts are taken as arborsACosine curve of、Jointed and backfilled lower planting soilFull-spread lower geogrid and edge arborBFixing the tail ends of the straight geogrid strips by using soil nails;
transplanting the trees, temporarily reinforcing the trees by adopting ground supports, backfilling middle-layer planting soil on the lower-layer geogrid, namely not filling soil between every two adjacent trees, and backfilling the middle-layer planting soil to the same soil ball top, and properly compacting by using a small road roller or an excavator bucket;
thirdly, laying a geogrid ring on the top of the earth ball of each tree, winding and binding the geogrid ring with the tree trunk by using geotextile, fully laying an upper geogrid, welding or binding the geogrid ring with each geogrid ring by using ultrasonic waves, and firmly welding or binding the geogrid ring with the upper geogrid and the geogrid ring at the middle of two adjacent trees by using ultrasonic waves at the junction of the upper geogrid and the lower geogrid;
and fourthly, backfilling the upper planting soil on the fully paved upper geogrid to a designed height, moderately compacting by using a small road roller or an excavator bucket, firmly welding or binding the curved geogrid strips at the edge planting holes and the straight geogrid strips by using ultrasonic waves, and anchoring the tail ends of the straight geogrid strips by using soil nails.
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly provides an underground lodging-resistant structure for arbor transplantation, which has the following characteristics: the geogrid is made of a porous lattice material, roots in the arbor soil balls can penetrate through the geogrid lattices to grow without hindrance, meanwhile, the geogrid improves the integrity of transplanted arbor greenlands, is particularly suitable for sloping lands or soft soil foundation greenlands which are prone to uneven settlement, reduces water and soil loss, and is ecological and environment-friendly; the adopted geogrid material is low in price, high in tensile strength, various and flexible in arrangement mode and high in adaptability, and can be arranged in a manner of adopting a geogrid in a shape of X, cross, rice or full cloth according to different climatic environments and varieties and specifications of trees, so that various defects of transplanted trees ground support are eliminated, the ornamental value of the trees is improved, and potential safety hazards are overcome; and thirdly, the provided calculation method is clear in principle, scientific and practical, can be used as construction guidance of the underground lodging-resistant structure for arbor transplanting, and improves the safety quality performance. Therefore, the invention provides the underground arbor transplanting lodging-resistant structure which has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction, low manufacturing cost, safety, reliability, beauty, practicability and easy popularization and application, and has higher economic benefit and social benefit by combining with a corresponding construction method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the geogrid strips of fig. 1 vertically arranged in a cross shape.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the geogrid strips of fig. 1 vertically arranged in a shape of x.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of various geogrid laying modes for rapid construction
FIG. 5 shows a treeAThe lodging resistance performance of (1) is calculated and plotted.
FIG. 6 shows a treeBThe lodging resistance performance of (1) is calculated and plotted.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the above drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, 1 is a green land, 2 is an arbor, 21 is an arborA22, arborB3, soil balls, 4, planting soil, 41, lower planting soil, 42, middle planting soil, 43, upper planting soil, 5, planting holes, 61, geogrid rings, 62, geogrid bars, 621, upper geogrid bars, 622, lower geogrid bars, 623, upper geogrid, 624, lower geogrid, 63 intersection, 7, soil nails, 8, cross and 9.
An underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting trees and a construction method are disclosed, as shown in figures 1-4, the underground lodging-resistant structure comprises a plurality of planting holes 5 which are uniformly and regularly arranged on a green land 1 in a multi-row and multi-column mode, trees 2 with soil balls 3 are transplanted in each planting hole, a plurality of planting holes 5 are provided with a plurality of planar multi-piece criss-cross 8-shaped geogrid bars 62 or a plurality of planar multi-piece geogrid bars 62 which are in X-shaped 9-shaped cross arrangement, and each piece of cross 8-shaped geogrid bar 62 or each piece of X-shaped 9-shaped geogrid bar 62 vertically extends from the top of a soil ball 3 of one tree 2 to the bottom of a soil ball 3 of an adjacent tree 2 for multiple times in an alternating mode.
Wherein, the green land 1 is a field suitable for the growth of the transplanted arbor 2, and the arbor is a variety which has suitable specification, can rapidly green and beautify infrastructure, and is suitable for local environmental conditions.
The planting hole 5 is used for transplanting the arbor 2, the planting hole 5 is dug according to a designed position, the diameter of the planting hole is increased by 60 cm-80 cm according to the diameter of the root system or soil ball 3 of the arbor 2, the depth is increased by 20 cm-40 cm, and the pit wall is vertical. And applying a base fertilizer at the base of the planting hole 5, preferably, mixing the base fertilizer with the plain soil of the planting field, and backfilling to the bottom of the planting hole 5, wherein the backfilling thickness is preferably 20 cm-30 cm.
The soil ball 3 is a part which is dug together with soil around a root system for transplantation when the arbor 2 is transplanted, the size of the soil ball 3 is determined according to the specification of the arbor 2, the shape is hemispherical or segmental, the soil ball 3 is timely bound by a straw rope after being dug, or the soil ball is wrapped by tree wrapping cloth, a sunshade net and the like, and is wound, fixed and tightened by an iron hook net.
Meanwhile, the top of each soil ball 3 is provided with a fixed geogrid ring 61, and the geogrid ring is fixed with each piece of cross-shaped 8 or each piece of X-shaped 9 geogrid strip 62 passing through the top of the soil ball 3.
The planar multi-piece cross-shaped 8 geogrid 62 has the width ofThe width of the plane multi-piece diagonal cross-arranged X-shaped 9 geogrid bar 62 isThe two are combined and arranged to form a grid of the earthwork in a shape of a Chinese character mi; each piece of cross-shaped 8-shaped geogrid bar 62 or each piece of X-shaped 9-shaped geogrid bar 62 is vertically arranged from the top of the soil ball 3 of one arbor 2 to the bottom of the soil ball 3 of the adjacent arbor 2 for multiple times in an extending and alternating mode, the vertical curve of the geogrid bar is fitted by a triangular cosine curve, the top and the bottom of the soil ball 3 of each arbor 2 are wrapped by the geogrid bar 62 in the shape of the triangular cosine curve, when the soil ball 3 has a moving trend under the influence of wind force of the arbor 2, the geogrid bar 62 arranged by the vertical triangular cosine curve generates frictional resistance with planting soil 4, and the top of the soil ball 3 is an upper geogridGrid 621, the bottom of the soil ball is a soil-working grid 622, on which the pressure of the planting soil 4 is appliedPAS(x)、PAX(x)Taking the geogrid bar 62 distributed in the cross shape 8 as an example, any given arbor in one row or one column of at least 4 arbors in the middle row or one column of the greening land 1A21, arborARespectively by the tension of an upper geogrid 621 and a lower geogrid 622T AS 、T AX Resisting resultant windF(ii) a For trees with one row or column edgeB22 is formed by a trigonometric cosine curve shapel/2The upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the straight line layout of the lengthl 1 Tension resisting combined wind force of length of geogrid 62 combinationF；According to the force balance principle, the geotechnical grid bar 62 resists the resultant forceFThe tension, the moment and the related calculation formula of the soil nail 7;
formula I,
ArborAThe fitting trigonometric function curve of the upper geogrid 621 and the lower geogrid 622 of the cross-shaped 8 single chip at the top and the bottom of the soil ball 3 and the pressure of the planting soil 4 are as follows
Row or column edge treesBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the straight line layout of the lengthl 1 The curve and linear equation of the combination of the length of the earthwork grid bars and the pressure of the planting soil 4 are
The second formula,
ArborAGeogrid 621 on top and bottom of soil ball 3、The earth work grid bars 622dxFrictional resistance in length andnmultiple times2lHorizontal tension, one-row or one-column edge arborBThe top and the bottom of the soil ball 3 are shaped by a triangular cosine curvel/2Length ofThe upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the straight line layoutl 1 Length earth work griddxFrictional resistance in length andl/2+l 1 the horizontal tension of the length is
Calculating arborAUpper geogrid 621、Grid 622 for resisting combined wind forceFWhen the horizontal tension of
Wherein
Calculating arborAUpper geogrid 621、The grid bars 622 of the lower earthwork use the earth ball bottom as the rotation point to resist the combined wind forceFHorizontal tension at moment of force of
Wherein
Arbors with calculation of edges of one row or columnBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the straight line layout of the lengthl/2+l 1 Combined length resistant wind powerFAt the time of horizontal tension
Wherein
Arbors with calculation of edges of one row or columnBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the straight line layout of the lengthl/2+l 1 Length combination wind force resisting force taking earth ball bottom as rotating pointFHorizontal tension at moment of force of
Wherein
The formula III,
ArborAThe tension of the upper earthwork grid 621 and the lower earthwork grid 622 is opposite to the combined wind forceFThe stability factor at the time of horizontal sliding of (1) is required to satisfy
ArborAUpper geogrid 621、Moment-to-wind force of lower-soil-work grid bar 622FThe stability factor of the resistance to lodging moment is required to meet
Row or column edge treesBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the straight line layout of the lengthl/2+l1Combined length resistant wind powerFThe stability factor at the time of horizontal sliding needs to be satisfied
Row or column edge treesBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the straight line layout of the lengthl/2+l 1 Combined length resistant wind powerFResistance to lodging momentStability factor needs to be satisfied
The same row spacing and column spacing of the above calculation formulas arelAnd the row spacing and the column spacing are different, different spacings are used
Replacing a row space or a column space; resultant force of wind powerFThe direction of the angle is inclined with the geogrid bars arranged in a row or a column in a cross shapeIn time, in formula one, formula two and formula threeRespectively by correspondingReplacing; the laying geogrid strips 62 in the shape of the x-shaped grid 9 are calculated by the method, and the laying geogrid strips in the shape of the m-shaped grid are superposed and calculated by the method;
the symbols in formula one, formula two and formula three are defined as:
the width of the geogrid strip 62,；
-the number of coefficients is,no dimension;
-arranging uniform and regular planting holes in each row and column on the green land 15 the length of the half of the distance from the center,；
arbors with one row or column of edgesBThe lengths of the geogrids 62 are arranged linearly,；
arbors with one row or column of edgesBThe length of the soil nails at the tail end of the geogrid bar 62 is linearly distributed,；
arborAThe required geogrid 62 arrangement horizontal length to meet the horizontal stability and lodging resistance requirements is divided by2l，Namely the number of the periods of the cosine trigonometric function fitted at 2 times of the distance of the arbor;
arbors with edges in one row or one column respectivelyBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the trees with the linear arrangement of the number of soil nails or one row or one column of edges at the tail end of the geogrid 621 meeting the horizontal sliding stability requirementBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the straight line layout of the lengthl/2+l 1 Combined resisting combined wind forceFThe number of the soil nails required by the drawing safety factor of the soil nails 7 is large when the lodging resistant torque is applied;
the arbor 2 is transplanted with the radius of the soil ball 3,；
the diameter of the soil nail 7 is,；
the arbor 2 is transplanted from the bottom of the soil ball 3 to the top of the planting soil 4,；
the horizontal resultant force of the wind force to which the arbor 2 is subjected is determined by field test inspection or reference to relevant standard specifications according to the external dimension of the arbor 2 and the weather conditions of the field,；
the arbor 2 is transplanted to the bottom of the soil ball 3 to the height of the resultant force of the wind,；
transplanting soil balls 3 to the arbor 2Half height as originOThe horizontal abscissa value of (a) is,；
using half height of the arbor 2 transplanting soil ball 3 as an original pointOIs/are as followsThe equation of the cosine trigonometric function of (c),；
by treesAAnd arborBHalf height of the transplanting soil ball 3 is the original pointOIs/are as followsTangent of the triangular cosine curve andthe included angle of the axes is set by the angle,；
arbors with one row or column of edgesBIs arranged in a straight linel/2+l 1 Geomatics grid bar shape andthe included angle of the axes is set by the angle,；
the angle between the-X-shaped 9 geotechnical grid bars 62 and the cross-shaped 8 geotechnical grid bars 62,；
arbors with one row or column of edgesBIs arranged in a straight linel/2+l 1 The angle between the axial direction and the vertical direction of the soil nails at the tail ends of the geogrid strips,；
resultant force of windFAngle of action line to row or column of criss-cross geogrids 62，；
The friction coefficient between the geogrid bars 62 and the planting soil 4 is determined by field tests or by referring to relevant standard specifications;
the soil balls 3 of the planting soil 4 and the arbor 2 are of the same weight, for simplifying the calculation, the planting soil 4 and the soil balls 3 are taken,；
the vertically distributed loading of the geogrid strips 62,；
respectively being arborsAThe upper geogrid 621 at the top of the soil ball 3 and the bottom of the soil ball、The fitted trigonometric function curve of the lower geogrid grid 622 and the distributed loads experienced,；
arbors with one row or one column of edges respectivelyBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the straight line layout of the lengthl 1 The curve and linear equation of the length of the geogrid strip, the distribution load suffered,；
respectively being arborsAThe upper geogrid 621 and the lower geogrid 622 on the top of the soil ball 3 and the bottom of the soil ball are arrangeddxFrictional resistance in length andnmultiple times2lHorizontal tension, one-row or one-column edge arborBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the straight line layout of the lengthl 1 Length combined earthwork grid bardxThe friction resistance on the length of the steel pipe is improved,；
respectively calculation of arborAThe upper earthwork grid 621 and the lower earthwork grid 622 resist the combined wind forceFHorizontal tension and resisting resultant wind forceFThe horizontal tension of the geogrid bar during the moment,；
arbors counting edges of a row or column, respectivelyBFrom the shape of a triangular cosine curvel/2The upper geogrid 621, the lower geogrid 622 and the straight line layout of the lengthl/2+l 1 Length resisting resultant forceFCombined force of horizontal tension and resistanceFThe horizontal tension force in the moment of force,；
respectively being arborsAThe upper geogrid 621 and the lower geogrid 622 of the tension force and the combined wind forceFHorizontal sliding stability coefficient, moment of tension and resultant force of windFThe lodging resistance stability factor of the moment;
respectively being arborsBTension and wind combining force of earthwork grid barFHorizontal sliding stability coefficient, moment of tension and resultant force of windFThe lodging resistance stability factor of the moment.
The geogrid is made of a geosynthetic material, one or more of a plastic geogrid, a steel-plastic geogrid, a glass fiber geogrid and a high-strength polyester geogrid are selected, the geogrid strips 62 are strip geogrids cut to a certain width according to specification and model size specified by national standards or row standards, and the strip width is larger than 3 soil balls and is 5 cm-10 cm in diameter.
Moreover, the upper geogrid 621 and the lower geogrid 622 are the same in model specification, the names are distinguished due to different placement positions, and the upper geogrid 621 is similar to the lower geogrid 622Laying, laying the lower geogrid 622Laying, and go up geotechnological grid 621 and lower geotechnological grid 622 interlude mutually and form the junction of handing-over, during actual construction, go up geotechnological grid 621 and lower geotechnological grid 622 and do not interlude each other, and be located the junction 63 top promptly middle level plant soil 42 top be upper geogrid 623, be located the junction 63 below promptly middle level plant soil 42 below be lower floor's geogrid 624, this junction 63 welds or ties.
The geogrid ring 61 is an annular geogrid cut from a finished product, the diameter of the inner ring is larger than the diameter of a trunk at the joint of the arbor 2 and the soil ball 3 by 1 cm-2 cm, and the diameter of the outer ring is 5 cm-10 cm larger than that of the soil ball 3. Radially cutting a department between inner ring and the outer loop to geogrid ring 61 can embolia the arbor trunk, and this geogrid ring 61 adopts geotechnological cloth winding ligature fixed with the arbor trunk, treats that the arbor trunk length increases greatly and suitably loosens the ligature promptly and does not influence arbor normal growth, and geogrid ring 61 external diameter department is fixed with ultrasonic bonding or ligature with geogrid bar 62.
The planting soil 4 is soil suitable for growth of transplanted trees 2, the fertilizer is fully decomposed, soil is added and mixed uniformly, the trees are transplanted by adopting a shallow-buried high-culture method generally, the planting soil 4 is separated by an upper geogrid 623 and a lower geogrid 624, lower planting soil 41 is arranged below the lower geogrid 624, middle planting soil 42 is arranged between the upper geogrid 623 and the lower geogrid 624, upper planting soil 43 is arranged above the upper geogrid 623, and the three layers of planting soil have the same character.
The arborABeing an intermediate arbor 2 in a row or column, said arborBBeing the trees 2 at the edges in the rows or columns. The soil nail 7 is made of steel reinforcing steel bars and is driven into the green land 1 by a certain length for fixing the geogrid bars 62.
The construction method of the underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting the arbor can take a plurality of geotechnical grid bars 62 which are vertically and horizontally arranged in a cross shape 8 as an example, and comprises the following steps:
step one, drawing sizes of all parts of the underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting arbor and selecting related parameters
According to design data and on-site climatic environment conditions, the sizes and the arrangement forms of all components of the underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting the trees are preliminarily simulated, and the geogrid bars 62, the soil nail 7 materials and various safety coefficients are selected;
calculating and rechecking by a formula I, a formula II and a formula III, determining the size and the arrangement form of each component of the underground lodging-resistant structure for transplanting the arbor, selecting the earthwork grid bars 62 and the soil nails 7, and selecting various safety factors;
preparing materials of each component, manufacturing each component, compiling a construction organization design file, and organizing construction;
step two, leveling the green land, arranging planting holes and applying base fertilizer
Measuring and lofting according to a design drawing, determining the plane position and elevation of the base fertilizer bottom surface of the planting holes 5 and the elevation of the lower-layer planting soil 41, and marking the filling and digging height by using bamboo sticks or wooden piles, wherein the filling and digging height comprises the bottom elevation of the linear geotechnical grid bars of the edge planting holes 5 in each row;
leveling the green land 1, excavating and cleaning to the bottom surface of the base fertilizer of the planting hole 5, and applying the base fertilizer;
backfilling the planting soil to the elevation of the lower planting soil 41, wherein the backfilling of the planting soil to the elevation of the bottom of the linear geotechnical grid bars of the edge planting holes of each row is carried out, and the soil is properly compacted by a small-sized road roller or a bucket of an excavator;
step three, laying a lower-layer geogrid and transplanting arbor
Cross-shaped 8-shaped geogrid bars 62 are paved at the elevation of the backfilled planting soil 4 in rows and columns and in a longitudinal and transverse mode, the geogrid bars comprise straight geogrid bars with planting holes at the edge of each row, the geogrid bars 62 can be lengthened by adopting lap joint or ultrasonic welding, and the lap joint length is 5 cm-10 cm:
secondly, the geogrid strips 62 are paved and tensioned, and finally the tail ends of the straight geogrid strips of the edge planting holes 5 are fixed by soil nails 7;
thirdly, the arbor 2 is transported to the site, and the soil ball 3 of the arbor is planted in the planting hole 5;
fourthly, temporarily supporting the arbor 2 by using a wood bracket or a steel bracket;
backfilling the middle planting soil and laying the upper geogrid
Backfilling the middle planting soil 42, and properly compacting by using a small road roller or an excavator bucket;
placing a geogrid ring 61 on the top of the soil ball 3 of the arbor 2, wherein radial cutting seams of the inner ring and the outer ring are welded by ultrasonic waves or are firmly bound by geotextile strips, and the inner ring of the geogrid ring 61 is bound with the arbor trunk by geotextile;
thirdly, an upper geogrid 623 is laid between two adjacent trees 2, the upper geogrid 623 and the outer ring of each geogrid ring 61 are welded or bound with each other, and the upper geogrid 623 and the outer ring are tensioned along with laying during laying, and are welded or bound firmly with the intersection 63 of the lower geogrid 624; the junction of the curved geogrid strip of the edge planting hole and the straight geogrid strip is welded or bound firmly by ultrasonic wave;
step five, backfilling upper planting soil and removing the temporary support bracket
Backfilling the upper planting soil 43, and properly compacting by using a small road roller or an excavator bucket;
adjusting the verticality of the arbor 2, and dismantling the temporary support bracket after meeting the requirements;
thirdly, the initial maintenance after the arbor 2 is transplanted is carried out according to relevant standard specifications;
the geogrid bars 62 are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'X' and 9, namely, the geogrid bars rotate by an angleThe cross-shaped 8 geogrid bars 62 are arranged in a formula I to a formula IIIlByThe arrangement of the X-shaped 9 or the cross-shaped 8 of the geogrid bar 62 can be selected according to the direction of the wind force, and the actual construction is also operated according to the method and the steps; if the geogrid strips 62 are arranged in a combination of the X-shaped 9 and the cross-shaped 8, namely the rice-shaped geogrid strips are arranged, the lodging-resistant safety performance of the arbor 2 is improved, and on the premise that the safety performance is met, the geogrid 62 of the cross-shaped 8 is arranged as far as possible, so that construction is facilitated.
The arrangement principle of the geogrid strips in the shape of the Chinese character 'mi' is consistent with the method and the steps, but is more simplified, and the method comprises the following steps:
the first step, the earth ball bottom of the arbor in each planting hole 5 is taken as the lowest point, the middle of two adjacent arbors 2 is taken as the highest point, and the rest parts are taken as arborsACosine curve of、Connecting and backfilling the lower planting soil 41, fully paving the lower geogrid 624 and the edge arborBFixing the tail ends of the straight geogrid strips by using soil nails;
step two, transplanting the trees 2, temporarily reinforcing the trees by adopting ground supports, backfilling middle-layer planting soil 42 on the lower-layer geogrid 624, namely filling no soil between every two adjacent trees 2, and backfilling the middle-layer planting soil 42 until the tops of soil balls 3 are flat, and appropriately compacting by using a small-sized road roller or an excavator bucket;
thirdly, laying a geogrid ring 61 on the top of each tree soil ball, winding and binding the geogrid ring with the tree trunk by using geotextile, fully laying an upper geogrid, welding or binding the upper geogrid ring with each geogrid ring by using ultrasonic waves, and firmly welding or binding the geogrid 623 and the geogrid 624 at the middle of two adjacent trees by using ultrasonic waves;
fourthly, backfilling upper planting soil 43 to the designed height on the fully paved upper geogrid, properly compacting by using a small road roller or an excavator bucket, firmly welding or binding the curved geogrid strips at the edge planting holes and the straight geogrid strips by using ultrasonic waves, and anchoring the tail ends of the straight geogrid strips by using soil nails 7.
The examples of the present invention are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should also be understood that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings herein, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
- 上一篇：一种医用注射器针头装配设备
- 下一篇：一种古树移种栽植方法