阅读说明：本技术 一种土壤养分优化调控技术方法 (Technical method for optimizing and regulating soil nutrients ) 是由 王雷 席北斗 刘健聪 李翔 李彤彤 王金生 闫政 王杨杨 杨茹月 徐剑锋 刘慧� 于 2020-09-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种土壤养分优化调控技术方法,该方法包括向土壤中添加复合土壤改良剂的步骤,其中,所述复合土壤改良剂由适当比例的具有生物活性的生物炭和腐殖酸制备得到,能够快速、高效对有机污染土壤进行修复优化,且不造成二次污染。(The invention discloses a technical method for optimizing and regulating soil nutrients, which comprises the step of adding a composite soil conditioner into soil, wherein the composite soil conditioner is prepared from biochar and humic acid with bioactivity in a proper proportion, can quickly and efficiently repair and optimize organic contaminated soil, and does not cause secondary pollution.)

1. A technical method for optimizing and regulating soil nutrients is characterized by comprising the step of adding a composite soil conditioner into soil,

the composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:

20 portions of biochar

30-60 parts of humic acid.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the biochar is biologically active, preferably prepared according to a method comprising the steps of:

step 1, preparing biochar;

step 2: preparing a bacterial liquid;

and 3, preparing the biochar with biological activity.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step 1, the biochar is iron-rich biochar, preferably obtained by pyrolysis of iron-rich plants grown in red soil areas.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that step 1 comprises the following sub-steps:

step 1-1, cultivating iron-rich plants;

and step 1-2, carbonizing the iron-rich plant to obtain the iron-rich biochar.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the iron-rich plant is selected from one or more of rice, cattail, canola, canna and ramie.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein in steps 1-2, the carbonizing comprises the steps of:

step 1-2-1, harvesting iron-rich plants, drying and crushing;

step 1-2-2, high-temperature carbonization;

and (1) step 2-3, cooling to room temperature after carbonization and crushing.

7. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step 2, the bacterial species in the bacterial liquid is selected from one or more of trichoderma, azotobacter, yeast, bacillus megaterium, photosynthetic bacteria, halomonas, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step 2, the bacterial species in the bacterial liquid is selected from one or more of yeast, Bacillus megaterium, Halomonas, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

9. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step 3, the activated charcoal is prepared according to the following steps:

firstly, soaking the biochar prepared in the step 1 in the bacterial liquid prepared in the step 2 for a period of time;

then, the biochar is taken out and cultured for a period of time at a preset temperature to obtain the biochar with biological activity.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the soaking time is 1-2 h.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to an organic-polluted soil nutrient optimization regulation and control technical method.

Background

Soil is one of the most basic and important natural resources on which human beings rely for survival and development, and is also an important component of the human ecological environment. The dynamic balance between soil and environment originally exists in a kind of material and energy, but with the enhancement and influence of human activities, the dynamic balance between soil and environment gradually changes: the soil is gradually polluted, wherein the influence and harm of organic pollution to the soil and the environment are increasingly serious.

Organic pollution refers to pollutants composed of natural organic matters existing in the forms of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, fats and the like and some other biodegradable artificially synthesized organic matters. Organic pollution can destroy the original ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in soil, soil is easy to harden, the pH value is changed, and the structure and the composition of the soil are destroyed, thereby bringing great negative effects to the ecological environment of polluted areas, crop production and human survival. Therefore, repairing and optimizing organically contaminated soil is an important task related to human survival.

The currently adopted restoration technology mainly comprises a gas phase extraction method, a thermal desorption method, a chemical leaching method, an oxidation-reduction method, a biological restoration method and the like, but the methods have the problems of poor removal effect, high cost, easy secondary pollution, long time consumption and the like.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a technical method for optimizing and regulating soil nutrients with good organic pollutant removal effect.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the above problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and, as a result, found that: the soil conditioner prepared by adding the biochar with biological activity and the humic acid into the organic polluted soil can safely and efficiently improve the soil, wherein the iron-rich biochar is prepared by planting plants in red soil areas and is compounded with various microbial solutions, so that the biochar has activity, the functions of the biochar and microorganisms can be synergistically increased, and the organic polluted soil can be rapidly and efficiently repaired and optimized, thereby completing the invention.

Particularly, the invention aims to provide a technical method for optimizing and regulating soil nutrients, wherein the method comprises the step of adding a composite soil conditioner to soil,

the composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:

20 portions of biochar

30-60 parts of humic acid.

Wherein the biochar has biological activity, and is preferably prepared according to a method comprising the following steps:

step 1, preparing biochar;

step 2: preparing a bacterial liquid;

and 3, preparing the biochar with biological activity.

In the step 1, the biochar is iron-rich biochar, and is preferably obtained by pyrolyzing iron-rich plants growing in red soil areas at high temperature.

Wherein, step 1 comprises the following substeps:

step 1-1, cultivating iron-rich plants;

and step 1-2, carbonizing the iron-rich plant to obtain the iron-rich biochar.

Wherein the iron-rich plant is selected from one or more of rice, cattail, rape, canna and ramie.

Wherein, in the step 1-2, the carbonization comprises the following steps:

step 1-2-1, harvesting iron-rich plants, drying and crushing;

step 1-2-2, high-temperature carbonization;

and (1) step 2-3, cooling to room temperature after carbonization and crushing.

In the step 2, the strain in the bacterial liquid is selected from one or more of trichoderma, azotobacter, saccharomycetes, bacillus megaterium, photosynthetic bacteria, halomonas, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In the step 2, the strain in the bacterial liquid is selected from one or more of saccharomycetes, bacillus megaterium, halomonas, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Wherein, in the step 3, the active biochar is prepared according to the following steps:

firstly, soaking the biochar prepared in the step 1 in the bacterial liquid prepared in the step 2 for a period of time;

then, the biochar is taken out and cultured for a period of time at a preset temperature to obtain the biochar with biological activity.

Wherein the soaking time is 1-2 h.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) according to the technical method for optimizing and regulating the soil nutrients, the plants cultivated in the red soil area are used as the biochar, so that the method is safe and environment-friendly, does not cause secondary pollution, improves the resource utilization rate of the plants, and can remove organic pollutants in the soil for a long time;

(2) according to the technical method for optimizing and regulating the soil nutrients, the biochar and the compound bacteria liquid are jointly used for soil remediation, so that the activity of microorganisms is improved, the remediation efficiency of the soil is improved, and meanwhile, the fertility of the soil is improved;

(3) according to the technical method for optimizing and regulating the soil nutrients, humic acid with a proper proportion is added into the soil conditioner, so that the degradation efficiency of organic pollutants in the soil is accelerated, and the fertility of the soil is improved;

(4) the technical method for optimizing and regulating the soil nutrients provided by the invention has the advantages of simple steps, convenience in operation, controllable conditions and lower cost.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.

The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

The invention provides a technical method for optimizing and regulating soil nutrients, which comprises the step of adding a composite soil conditioner into soil.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:

20 portions of biochar

30-60 parts of humic acid.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:

20 portions of biochar

30-50 parts of humic acid.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the biochar is biologically active, preferably prepared according to a process comprising the steps of:

step 1, preparing biochar.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the biochar is iron-rich biochar, preferably obtained by pyrolysis of iron-rich plants grown in red soil areas.

In a further preferred embodiment, said step 1 comprises the following sub-steps:

step 1-1, cultivating iron-rich plants.

Preferably, the iron-rich plant is selected from one or more of rice, cattail, rape, canna and ramie.

More preferably, the iron-rich plant is canna.

And step 1-2, carbonizing the iron-rich plant to obtain the iron-rich biochar.

Wherein, the step 1-2 comprises the following substeps:

and step 1-2-1, harvesting the iron-rich plants, drying and crushing.

In the present invention, it is preferable to air-dry the iron-rich plants so that the water content of the plants is 16% to 18%. Then cutting, and preferably drying at 93-100 ℃ for 3-3.5 h.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the plants are washed, preferably with deionized water, and then soaked in dilute hydrochloric acid before they are dried.

And 1-2-2, carbonizing at high temperature.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature is raised to 550-750 ℃ at the speed of 3-8 ℃/min for oxygen-isolated carbonization, and the reaction is carried out for 1-1.5 h under heat preservation.

In a further preferred embodiment, the temperature is raised to 600-700 ℃ at the speed of 3-5 ℃/min for oxygen-isolated carbonization, and the reaction is carried out for 1-1.5 h under heat preservation.

The inventor researches and discovers that the iron-rich biochar (such as canna biochar) prepared under the carbonization condition has higher removal efficiency on organic pollutants in soil.

And (1) step 2-3, cooling to room temperature after carbonization and crushing.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cooling rate is 10 to 15 ℃/min, preferably 11 to 13 ℃/min.

The inventor finds that the cooling mode is beneficial to improving the soil remediation effect of the prepared biochar.

In the invention, after the prepared iron-rich biochar is applied to soil, the fertilizer can be maintained and the slow release can be carried out, so that the soil can be effectively repaired.

Preferably, the carbonized product is pulverized to a particle size of less than 2 mm.

Step 2: and preparing a bacterial liquid.

In the invention, the bacterial liquid is a composite bacterial liquid, and preferably, the composite bacterial liquid is prepared according to a method comprising the following steps:

step 2-1, culturing liquid strains.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bacterial species is selected from one or more of the group consisting of trichoderma, azotobacter, yeast, bacillus megaterium, photosynthetic bacteria, halomonas, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In a further preferred embodiment, the bacterial species is selected from one or more of yeast, bacillus megaterium, halomonas, bacillus subtilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Preferably, the strains are yeasts, bacillus megaterium, halomonas, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In a further preferred embodiment, the strain is expanded to a cell concentration of 10⁷～10⁹one/mL of liquid seed culture.

And 2-2, mixing the liquid strains to obtain the composite bacterial liquid.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the liquid strains of the yeast, the bacillus megaterium, the halopmonas, the bacillus subtilis and the pseudomonas aeruginosa is (2-4): (1-3): (2-5): (1-4) 1, preferably (2-3): (1-2.5): (2-4): (2-3.5) 1.

The composite bacterial liquid with the types and the proportions is favorable for efficiently improving the repair efficiency and the repair quality of the organic contaminated soil, can also improve the labor consumption of the soil and is favorable for the absorption of plants on mineral elements.

And 3, preparing the biochar with biological activity.

The research of the inventor finds that the biochar is soaked in the bacterial liquid, so that the biochar has biological activity, and the soil optimization effect can be obviously improved.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the activated charcoal is prepared by the following steps:

firstly, soaking the biochar prepared in the step 1 in the bacterial liquid prepared in the step 2 for a period of time;

then, taking out the biochar and culturing the biochar at a preset temperature for a period of time to obtain the biochar with biological activity.

In a further preferred embodiment, the soaking time is 1 to 2 hours, preferably 1.5 hours.

In a further preferred embodiment, the predetermined temperature is 30-35 ℃ and the incubation time is 10-20 h, preferably 13-15 h.

The humic acid is coal humic acid, and can be common humic acid in the prior art, such as humic acid prepared from Xinjiang weathered coal produced by Shandong agricultural fertilizer science and technology Limited.

The inventor finds that the iron-rich biochar with bioactivity can be used together with humic acid, so that the optimization effect of the organic contaminated soil can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the fertility of the soil can be improved.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the added composite soil conditioner to the soil to be optimized is (5-15): 100, preferably (6-10): 100.

preferably, the composite soil conditioner is added according to the proportion after the soil to be optimized is deeply ploughed for 25-35 cm.

Examples

The present invention is further described below by way of specific examples, which are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

Example 1

Preparing a composite soil conditioner:

(1) preparation of biochar

Planting canna in red soil, pulling out the whole plant of the canna obtained by cultivation, cleaning the canna with deionized water, soaking the canna in 0.01M dilute hydrochloric acid for 1 hour, airing until the water content is 16 percent, cutting up, and drying at 95 ℃ for 3.5 hours;

heating to 680 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min in a muffle furnace for oxygen-isolated carbonization, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1.2h, and then cooling to room temperature at the speed of 12 ℃/min to obtain the iron-rich biochar; pulverizing into powder with particle size less than 2.0 mm.

Preparing a bacterial liquid:

culturing yeast, Bacillus megaterium, Halomonas, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to obtain thallus with concentration of 10⁹Mixing the liquid strains per mL according to the liquid mass ratio of 2:1.5:3:3: 1.

Preparing biological carbon with biological activity:

soaking the biochar in the bacterial liquid for 1.5h, and culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 30 ℃ for 13 h.

The active biochar and coal humic acid (produced by Shandong agriculture and fertilizer industry science and technology Co., Ltd.) are mixed according to the weight ratio of 20:35 to obtain the composite soil conditioner.

(2) And (3) deeply ploughing the soil to be optimized for 30cm, and adding the composite soil conditioner according to the mass ratio of the composite soil conditioner to the soil to be optimized of 6: 100.

Example 2

Preparing a composite soil conditioner:

(1) preparation of biochar

Planting canna in red soil, pulling out the whole plant of the canna obtained by cultivation, cleaning the canna with deionized water, soaking the canna in 0.01M dilute hydrochloric acid for 1 hour, airing until the water content is 16 percent, cutting up, and drying at 95 ℃ for 3.5 hours;

heating to 700 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min in a muffle furnace for oxygen-isolated carbonization, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1.0h, and then cooling to room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min to obtain the iron-rich biochar; pulverizing into powder with particle size less than 2.0 mm.

Preparing a bacterial liquid:

culturing yeast, Bacillus megaterium, Halomonas, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to obtain thallus with concentration of 10⁹Mixing the liquid strains per mL according to the liquid mass ratio of 3:1:2.5:3.5: 1.

Wherein, the fungus powder of the microzyme, the bacillus megatherium, the halomonas, the bacillus subtilis and the pseudomonas aeruginosa is purchased from Shanghai-research Biotech limited company.

Preparing biological carbon with biological activity:

soaking the biochar in the bacterial liquid for 1.5h, and culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 35 ℃ for 13 h.

The active biochar and coal humic acid (produced by Shandong agriculture and fertilizer industry science and technology Co., Ltd.) are mixed according to the weight ratio of 20:40 to obtain the composite soil conditioner.

(2) And (3) deeply ploughing the soil to be optimized for 30cm, and adding the composite soil conditioner according to the mass ratio of the composite soil conditioner to the soil to be optimized of 7: 100.

Examples of the experiments

Experimental example 1

Selecting non-polluted farmland soil in a certain place, weathering, grinding, sieving by a 4mm sieve, and sterilizing for later use; preparing tested contaminated soil, wherein the content of toluene is 110mg/kg, the content of naphthalene is 30mg/kg, the content of xylene is 79mg/kg, and the content of benzopyrene is 35 mg/kg;

after the test soil was treated by the method described in example 1 for 42 days, the test soil was examined, and as a result, it was found that: the removal rate of toluene in the tested soil reaches 94.15%, the removal rate of naphthalene reaches 92.90%, the removal rate of xylene reaches 95.45%, and the removal rate of benzopyrene reaches 94.0%.

Experimental example 2

Selecting non-polluted farmland soil in a certain place, weathering, grinding, sieving by a 4mm sieve, and sterilizing for later use; preparing tested contaminated soil, wherein the content of toluene is 100mg/kg, the content of naphthalene is 32mg/kg, the content of xylene is 81mg/kg, and the content of benzopyrene is 30 mg/kg;

the test soil was treated by the method described in example 2, and 45 days after the treatment, the test soil was examined, and as a result, it was found that: the removal rate of toluene in the tested soil reaches 95.02%, the removal rate of naphthalene reaches 93.11%, the removal rate of xylene reaches 95.85%, and the removal rate of benzopyrene reaches 95.22%.

The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention.