阅读说明：本技术 一种丁坝式进鱼口 (Spur dike type fish inlet ) 是由 王晓刚 祝龙 王涛 李士龙 黄涌增 何飞飞 王彪 陈凯啸 尚国秀 王喆 李洪泽 于 2021-09-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明一种丁坝式进鱼口,属于水利工程环境保护技术领域。包括：上游挡水墙,补水喷嘴和人工鱼礁；所述的上游挡水墙布置在鱼道进口上游,上游挡水墙起始端与进鱼口上游边墙之间通过连接轴和液压支杆相互连接；进鱼口内部设有补水喷嘴,补水喷嘴通过管道连接至电站上游进行高水头直接供水；在上游挡水墙遮蔽范围内,设置多孔鱼礁。本发明的有益效果在于：1,提出了采用鱼类保标性诱鱼的装置；上游挡水墙可自由调节角度,在浮力作用和机械作用下易于调整；本发明补水装置及鱼礁的设置,增强了进鱼口的诱鱼能力,有利于改善过鱼效果。(The invention discloses a spur dike type fish inlet, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering environmental protection. The method comprises the following steps: the water-retaining wall of the upper reaches, water-replenishing nozzle and artificial fish reef; the upstream water retaining wall is arranged at the upstream of the fishway inlet, and the starting end of the upstream water retaining wall is connected with the upstream side wall of the fish inlet through a connecting shaft and a hydraulic support rod; a water replenishing nozzle is arranged in the fish inlet and is connected to the upstream of the power station through a pipeline to directly supply water with a high water head; and arranging a porous fish reef in the shielding range of the upstream water retaining wall. The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1, a device for attracting fish by using fish standard retention is provided; the upstream water retaining wall can freely adjust the angle and is easy to adjust under the action of buoyancy and machinery; the water supplementing device and the fish reef are arranged, so that the fish luring capacity of the fish inlet is enhanced, and the fish passing effect is improved.)

1. The utility model provides a spur dike formula advances fish mouth which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the water-retaining wall of the upper reaches, water-replenishing nozzle and artificial fish reef;

the upstream water retaining wall is arranged at the upstream of the fishway inlet, and the starting end of the upstream water retaining wall is connected with the upstream side wall of the fish inlet through a connecting shaft and a hydraulic support rod;

a water replenishing nozzle is arranged in the fish inlet and is connected to the upstream of the power station through a pipeline to directly supply water with a high water head;

and an artificial fish reef is arranged in the shielding range of the upstream water retaining wall.

2. A spur dike fish inlet according to claim 1, wherein: the upstream waterwall is the flotation tank gate, include: a floating box body, a water filling and draining device and a standard-protecting fish luring device.

3. A spur dike fish inlet according to claim 2, wherein: the water filling and draining device is arranged in the floating box body, one end of the floating box body is provided with a connecting shaft, and the bottom of the other end of the floating box body is provided with a fixing foot.

4. A spur dike fish inlet according to claim 2, wherein: the mark-keeping fish luring device comprises: the two rotating rods are respectively fixed at two ends of the downstream surface of the buoyancy tank body;

the rotating grid mesh is a vertical stripe high-molecular plastic woven mesh, and the color of the stripe is black, white and bicolor;

the motor is equipped with to the bull stick upper end by connecting axle one side, promotes the bull stick and rotates, and the bull stick drives graticule mesh cover rotation simultaneously when rotating, and when near fish seen graticule mesh cover and rotated, they kept the stable positioning mechanism of target in aqueous, and that is to say protect the mark nature and will play a role, follow the motion direction motion of graticule mesh cover.

5. A spur dike fish inlet according to claim 2, wherein: the tail end of the floating box body is also provided with a vortex eliminating grid.

6. A spur dike fish inlet according to claim 1, wherein: the outlet of the water replenishing nozzle is opposite to the direction of the fish inlet, and a throttling valve is arranged on the pipeline to control the flow.

7. A spur dike fish inlet according to claim 1, wherein: the artificial fish reef is arranged near the fish inlet and at the downstream of the water retaining wall, is favorable for forming near-natural water flow to attract fishes to enter a fishway, and can be used for the fishes to have a rest.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering environment protection, and particularly relates to a fish inlet of a fishway, in particular to a spur dike type fish inlet in a complex flow velocity environment.

Background

The construction of the gate dam interrupts the continuity of the river, the upstream and the downstream are separated into two relatively independent ecological environments, the factors such as the flow velocity, the water temperature and the flow which have great influence on the growth of the fishes are different, and great influence is caused on the migration and the survival of the fishes, the upstream and the downstream ecology and the production economy of the fishery of people. Fishways, fish lifts, etc. are widely used as effective fish passing facilities in global water systems, and mainly comprise a fish inlet, an induction facility, a tank body and an outlet.

Because the width of the fish inlet is usually narrow, only about 2 m-5 m, and is often called as 'needle eye engineering' compared with a river course which is hundreds of meters wide or even thousands of meters wide, how to reasonably arrange the fish inlet enables the fish to quickly discover and accurately enter the fish inlet is a key problem to be solved urgently in related industries at present. At present, the mainstream solution mainly comprises two types of selection of a suitable fish inlet position and arrangement of an inducing facility. For the former, many organizations and departments in the world have already produced relevant specification documents, such as the regulations of grain and agriculture organization in the united nations, the fish inlet should avoid a high turbulence area and a high flow velocity area, the fish inlet should be arranged at the upmost boundary where fishes go upstream, the south africa fish way design rules specify that the inlet should be arranged near the shore, because the fishes generally swim more on the shore rather than in the center of the river; for the latter, fish luring through water flow is a relatively mature and common fish luring measure at present, and in addition, the method of luring fish into the fishway through comprehensive measures such as strobe light, high-frequency sound wave, bubble curtain and the like is in an experimental stage, and has specific application in some projects, but the evaluation of the effect is praise and dispute.

In addition to the above two methods, there are relatively few researches in the industry on methods for improving the fish luring effect by redesigning the structure of the fish inlet. The fish passing effect of the established fishway is evaluated, and the fish passing effect of the fish passing facility is found to be poor, wherein part of reasons are that the fish inlet is difficult to find in the process of tracing the target fish upwards, and the function of the fishway cannot be fully exerted, and the defects of the prior art are mainly shown as follows:

1. in actual engineering, the existing arrangement principle is not comprehensive, and the arrangement of the fish inlet is influenced by various factors such as a power station operation mode, a sluice gate arrangement, an operation mode, river depth and the like;

2. in publication No. CN106192935A, a method and a system for adjusting a river flow field at a fish inlet are disclosed. The flow field is divided into an outer flow field and an inner flow field by arranging the flow dividing wall on the upstream side of the fish inlet, the flow field suitable for migratory fish is generated in the inner flow field, meanwhile, the outer flow field is prevented from interfering the inner flow field, and the high-flow-rate belt of the flow dividing inlet is used for blocking the fish from crossing the fish inlet. The method has the disadvantages that the facility is complex, a flow dividing wall needs to be additionally arranged, the construction difficulty is high, the construction cost is high, the application range of the fixed flow dividing wall is limited due to the complex and changeable flow field, and in addition, the problems that the turbulent energy at the tail end and the downstream of the flow dividing wall is large, and the vortex, the backflow area and other poor flow states are easy to generate are not considered, so that the fish can not go up to the date;

3. in publication No. CN111254889A, a water replenishing system for a fish inlet, a fishway and a water replenishing method are disclosed. The fish inlet obliquely extends out of the river bank and obliquely extends into the power station tail water, the power station tail water is subjected to slip flow by the aid of the fish inlet extending out of the river bank, the shielding effect on the fish inlet is achieved, a suitable migration zone is built in the downstream of the fish inlet, and the power station tail water is used for supplementing water at the fish inlet. The application environment is a tail water area of a power station, and in fact, in many mountain and river areas, the flow rate is high, fishes cannot go up to the tail water area of the power station, so that an inlet can be arranged in a downstream area, the water flow condition of the area is complex, the water replenishing design cannot meet the fish luring requirement, in addition, a fish inlet can play a role in shielding, but the wall is fixed, the variable water flow condition cannot be met, particularly when the fish inlet is arranged in the downstream area, the problem that the tail end of a diversion wall and the turbulence energy of the downstream are large, the problem that the vortex and the backflow area are prone to generating bad flow states is not considered, and the upward tracing of the fishes is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a spur dike type fish inlet which can be flexibly suitable for a variable water flow environment, and the fish inlet can adapt to complex water flow conditions and improve fish passing efficiency of a fishway.

The invention comprises the following contents: the water-retaining wall of the upper reaches, water-replenishing nozzle and artificial fish reef;

the upstream water retaining wall is arranged at the upstream of the fishway inlet, and the starting end of the upstream water retaining wall is connected with the upstream side wall of the fish inlet through a connecting shaft and a hydraulic support rod; a water replenishing nozzle is arranged in the fish inlet and is connected to the upstream of the power station through a pipeline to directly supply water with a high water head; and arranging a porous fish reef in the shielding range of the upstream water retaining wall.

Foretell upper reaches breakwater is whole to be the flotation tank gate, includes: the buoyancy tank body is provided with a water filling and draining device and a mark protecting and fish luring device;

the water filling and draining device is arranged in the floating box body, one end of the floating box body is provided with a connecting shaft, and the bottom of the other end of the floating box body is provided with a fixing pin;

the mark-keeping fish luring device comprises: the two rotating rods are respectively fixed at two ends of the downstream surface of the buoyancy tank body;

the rotating grid mesh is a vertical stripe high-molecular plastic woven mesh, and the color of the stripe is black, white and bicolor;

the upper end of the rotating rod at one side close to the connecting shaft is provided with a motor which pushes the rotating rod to rotate, the rotating rod drives the grid sleeve to rotate when rotating, and when nearby fishes see that the grid sleeve rotates, the grid sleeve and the grid sleeve keep a positioning mechanism of target stability in water, namely, the target keeping performance can play a role and move along the movement direction of the grid sleeve;

the tail end of the floating box body is also provided with a vortex eliminating grid, and the size of the vortex eliminating grid surface and the grid density are reduced.

The water replenishing nozzle and the water replenishing pipeline are provided with check valves to control the incoming flow.

The fish reef is arranged near the fish inlet and at the downstream of the water retaining wall, is favorable for forming near-natural water flow to attract fishes to enter the fishway, and can be used for the fishes to have a rest.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention provides a device for attracting fish by using fish standard-keeping property;

2. the upstream water retaining wall provided by the invention can be freely adjusted in angle and is easy to adjust under the action of buoyancy and mechanical action.

3. The water replenishing device and the fish reef provided by the invention enhance the fish luring effect of the fish inlet and are beneficial to improving the fish passing effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention installed at the entrance of a fishway;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an upstream retention wall of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upstream retaining wall of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a downstream view of the upstream retention wall of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal centerline sectional view of the upstream retaining wall of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the installation of a vortex-eliminating grille for a spur dike type fish inlet of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1

The invention comprises the following contents: the device comprises an upstream water retaining wall 1, a water replenishing nozzle 2, an artificial fish reef 3 and a rectifying device;

the upstream water retaining wall 1 is arranged at the upstream of the fishway inlet, the starting end of the upstream water retaining wall 1 is connected with the upstream side wall of the fish inlet through a connecting shaft 11, and the hydraulic support rod 12 is supported between the upstream water retaining wall 1 and the upstream side wall of the fish inlet; a water replenishing nozzle 2 is arranged in the fish inlet, and the water replenishing nozzle 2 is connected to the upstream of the power station through a pipeline to directly supply water with a high water head; in the shielding range of the upstream water retaining wall 1, a porous fish reef 3 is arranged.

Foretell upstream waterwall 1 is the flotation tank gate as a whole, includes: the buoyancy tank body is provided with a water filling and draining device and a mark protecting and fish luring device;

as shown in fig. 3, the water filling and draining device includes: a water charging and discharging pipe 13 and a charging and discharging pump 14, wherein the charging and discharging pump 14 is arranged in the floating box body, and the bottom of the other end of the charging and discharging pump is provided with a fixed foot 15;

the rectifying device comprises: vortex-reducing grids 41 and hinges 42;

the mark-keeping fish luring device comprises: the floating box comprises two rotating rods 51 and an annular rotating grid 52, wherein the annular rotating grid 52 is sleeved on the rotating rods 51, and the two rotating rods 51 are respectively fixed at two ends of the downstream surface of the floating box body;

the annular rotating grid net 52 is a vertical stripe high-molecular plastic woven net, and the color of the stripe is black, white and bicolor;

the upper end of the rotating rod at one side of the connecting shaft is provided with a motor 53 which pushes the rotating rod to rotate, the rotating rod drives the annular rotating grid 52 to rotate when rotating, and when nearby fishes see the rotation of the annular rotating grid 52, the positioning mechanisms of the fishes in water for keeping target stability, namely the target keeping performance can be exerted and move along the moving direction of the annular rotating grid 52;

the tail end of the buoyancy tank body is also provided with a vortex eliminating grid 41, and the vortex eliminating grid 41 is connected to the buoyancy tank body through a hinge 42.

The water replenishing nozzle 2 is characterized in that the water replenishing pipeline port is opposite to the outlet direction of the fish inlet, and the pipeline is provided with a control valve to control the incoming flow.

The fish reef 3 is arranged near the fish inlet and at the downstream of the water retaining wall, is favorable for forming near-natural water flow to attract fishes to enter a fishway, and can be used for the fishes to have a rest.

Example 2

The other parts in this example are the same as in example 1;

the elevation of the bottom of the pipe orifice of the water charging and discharging pipe 13 in the embodiment is the historical lowest water level at the downstream of the hub.

Example 3

The other parts in this example are the same as in example 1;

the rectifying device in this embodiment includes: vortex-reducing grids 41 and hinges 42; the dimensions of the vortex elimination grid 41 are: the height is 1.2m, the width is 1.4m, and the top fixed elevation is the average water level of the downstream flood season of 1.2 m; wherein the size of each grid hole is: is square, the side length is 2 cm-5 cm, and the thickness of the grid hole is 2 cm-3.2 cm.

The vortex eliminating grid 41 is a stainless steel grid net, the hinge shaft 43 is riveted on the vortex eliminating grid 41, the riveted part is reinforced, the other end of the hinge shaft 43 is connected on the hinge support 42, the hinge support 42 is fixed at the downstream end of the spur dike type fish inlet retaining wall, the support rod support 46 is riveted on the vortex eliminating grid 42, and the support rod 45 is hooked on the support rod support 46 by a ring-shaped hook.

The grid holes are square, the side length is 2 cm-5 cm, and the thickness of the grid holes is 2 cm-3.2 cm.

The other end of the stay 45 is hooked on a hook ring at the downstream end of the spur dike type fish inlet retaining wall.