阅读说明：本技术 具有扰流件的海上风电吸力筒基础 (Offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation with turbulence piece ) 是由 邱旭 张波 马文冠 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种具有扰流件的海上风电吸力筒基础,海上风电吸力筒基础包括吸力筒、立柱和扰流件,吸力筒埋入海床中且其顶端面从海床中露出,吸力筒的顶端面包括朝向潮流方向的正面、与正面相对的背面以及两个侧面,立柱的底部与吸力筒相连,扰流件设置在吸力筒的顶端面上并从吸力筒的顶端面向上突出,扰流件至少设在正面和背面上。本发明的海上风电吸力筒基础具有结构简单,抗潮流能力强、使用寿命长等优点。(The invention discloses an offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation with a turbulence piece, which comprises a suction cylinder, an upright post and a turbulence piece, wherein the suction cylinder is embedded in a seabed, the top end surface of the suction cylinder is exposed out of the seabed, the top end surface of the suction cylinder comprises a front surface facing to a tide direction, a back surface opposite to the front surface and two side surfaces, the bottom of the upright post is connected with the suction cylinder, the turbulence piece is arranged on the top end surface of the suction cylinder and protrudes upwards from the top end surface of the suction cylinder, and the turbulence piece is at least arranged on the front surface and the back surface. The offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation has the advantages of simple structure, strong anti-moisture flow capability, long service life and the like.)

1. The utility model provides an offshore wind power suction cylinder basis with spoiler which characterized in that includes:

the suction tube is buried in the seabed, the top end face of the suction tube is exposed out of the seabed, and the top end face of the suction tube comprises a front face facing to the tidal current direction, a back face opposite to the front face and two side faces;

the bottom of the upright column is connected with the suction cylinder;

the spoiler is arranged on the top end face of the suction cylinder and protrudes upwards from the top end face of the suction cylinder, and the spoiler is at least arranged on the front face and the back face.

2. The offshore wind power suction drum foundation with turbulators of claim 1, wherein the turbulators comprise one or more of turbulator nails, turbulator strips, and turbulator nets,

wherein, the vortex nail includes a plurality ofly and is in interval arrangement on the top face of a suction section of thick bamboo, the vortex nail is in radial ascending size of a suction section of thick bamboo is rather than encircleing 1/2 and less than or equal to 2 of the ascending size in circumference of stand, the extending direction of vortex strip with the top face of a suction section of thick bamboo is parallel to each other, the length of vortex strip and the ratio more than or equal to 5 of width, the vortex net is for covering the network structure of at least some top faces of a suction section of thick bamboo.

3. The offshore wind power suction drum foundation with turbulators of claim 2, wherein the turbulators are further disposed on the two sides.

4. The offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation with turbulators of claim 3, wherein the turbulators on the front and back are of the same type, the turbulators on the two sides are of the same type, and the turbulators on the two sides are of the same type as the turbulators on the front are of the different type.

5. The offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation with turbulators of claim 4, wherein the front face and the back face are provided with the turbulator strips, and the two side faces are provided with the turbulator nails.

6. The offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation with spoiler of claim 5, wherein the spoiler strips extend radially of the suction cylinder, the spoiler strips comprise a plurality of strips arranged circumferentially around the upright at intervals.

7. The offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation with spoiler of claim 5, wherein the spoiler strips are arc-shaped and extend along a circumferential direction around the column, the spoiler strips are multiple, and the spoiler strips are radially spaced apart from the suction cylinder.

8. The offshore wind power suction tube foundation with turbulators of any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the density of turbulators increases towards the direction close to the surface of the seabed.

9. The offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation with turbulators of claim 4, wherein the turbulator nets are provided on the front and the back, and the turbulator strips are provided on both sides.

10. The offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation with spoiler of claim 9, characterized in that, be provided with many annular first spoiler strips and many edges on the top face of a suction cylinder the radial extension's of a suction cylinder second spoiler strip, first spoiler strip encircles the stand sets up and many first spoiler strip is followed the radial interval of a suction cylinder is arranged, many some in the second spoiler strip sets up on the front, another part sets up on the back, second spoiler strip and many first spoiler strip alternately forms the spoiler net.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of new forms of energy, especially, relate to an offshore wind power suction section of thick bamboo basis with vortex piece.

Background

Wind energy is increasingly regarded by human beings as a clean and harmless renewable energy source. Compared with land wind energy, offshore wind energy resources not only have higher wind speed, but also are far away from a coastline, are not influenced by a noise limit value, and allow the unit to be manufactured in a larger scale.

In the related technology, the offshore wind power foundation is the key point for supporting the whole offshore wind power machine, the cost accounts for about 20 to 25 percent of the investment of the whole offshore wind power, and most accidents of the offshore wind power generator are caused by unstable foundation of the suction tube. Due to the action of waves and tide, silt around the foundation of the offshore wind power suction cylinder can be washed and forms a washing pit, and the washing pit can influence the stability of the foundation of the suction cylinder. In addition, the water flow mixed with silt near the surface of the seabed continuously washes the base of the suction cylinder, corrodes and damages the surface of the base of the suction cylinder, and can cause the collapse of the offshore wind turbine unit in serious cases. The anti-scouring device of the offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation adopted at present mainly adopts a riprap protection method. However, the integrity of the riprap protection is poor, and the maintenance cost and the workload in the application process are large.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is based on the discovery and recognition by the inventors of the following facts and problems:

due to the action of sea waves and tides, a phenomenon of scouring pits occurs around the foundation of the offshore wind power pile. The scouring phenomenon is a complex coupling process involving the interaction of water flow, sediment and structures. The main reason of causing the scouring is horseshoe-shaped vortex generated around the pile foundation, the horseshoe-shaped vortex is generated due to the obstruction of the pile foundation when seawater flows, when the sea water flows towards the pile foundation, the wave current presents a downward rolling and excavating vortex structure, the vortex structure lifts up the sediment on the seabed, and further brings the sediment away from the place around the pile foundation, a scouring pit is formed, the depth of the pile foundation is shallow due to the formation of the scouring pit, the vibration frequency of a cylinder is reduced, the pile foundation is over-fatigue is caused slightly, and the fracture accident is caused seriously.

The present application is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation with the turbulence piece has the advantages that the effect of dissipating tidal current energy is achieved, the purpose of active scour prevention is achieved, the soil around the pile foundation is effectively protected, and a scouring pit is avoided.

The offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation with the spoiler provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: the suction tube is buried in the seabed, the top end face of the suction tube is exposed out of the seabed, and the top end face of the suction tube comprises a front face facing to the tidal current direction, a back face opposite to the front face and two side faces; the bottom of the upright column is connected with the suction cylinder; the spoiler is arranged on the top end face of the suction cylinder and protrudes upwards from the top end face of the suction cylinder, and the spoiler is at least arranged on the front face and the back face.

According to the offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation provided by the embodiment of the invention, the turbulence pieces are arranged on the front side and the back side, so that a rapid flow or a main flow in seawater is converted into a uniform slow flow, the impact of the seawater on the surface of the suction cylinder foundation is reduced, the formation of horseshoe-shaped vortex is inhibited, and the offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation has good scour prevention performance.

In some embodiments, the spoiler includes one or more in spoiler nail, spoiler strip and the spoiler net, wherein, the spoiler nail includes a plurality ofly and is in interval arrangement on the top terminal surface of a suction section of thick bamboo, the spoiler nail is in radial ascending size of a suction section of thick bamboo and its encircleing the ratio more than or equal to 1/2 and less than or equal to 2 of the ascending size in the circumference of stand, the extending direction of spoiler strip with the top terminal surface of a suction section of thick bamboo is parallel to each other, the ratio more than or equal to 5 of length and width of spoiler strip, the spoiler net is for covering the network structure of at least some top terminal surfaces of a suction section of thick bamboo.

In some embodiments, the spoiler is further disposed on the two side surfaces.

In some embodiments, the types of the spoiler provided on the front surface and the back surface are the same, the types of the spoiler provided on the two side surfaces are the same, and the types of the spoiler provided on the two side surfaces are different from the types of the spoiler provided on the front surface.

In some embodiments, the front surface and the back surface are provided with the turbulence strips, and the two side surfaces are provided with the turbulence nails.

In some embodiments, the spoiler strips extend in a radial direction of the suction tube, the spoiler strips include a plurality of spoiler strips, and the spoiler strips are arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction around the upright post.

In some embodiments, the spoiler is arc-shaped and extends along the circumference around the upright column, the spoiler is a plurality of, and the spoiler is arranged at intervals in the radial direction of the suction tube.

In some embodiments, the turbulator pegs increase in density in a direction toward the deck surface.

In some embodiments, the front surface and the back surface are provided with the spoiler networks, and the two side surfaces are provided with the spoiler strips.

In some embodiments, be provided with many annular first vortex strips and many edges on the top terminal surface of a suction section of thick bamboo the radial second vortex strip that extends of a suction section of thick bamboo, first vortex strip encircles the stand sets up and many first vortex strip is followed the radial interval of a suction section of thick bamboo is arranged, many partly setting in the second vortex strip is in on the front, another part sets up on the back, second vortex strip and many first vortex strip alternately forms the vortex net.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an offshore wind power suction drum foundation according to a first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an offshore wind power suction drum foundation according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Reference numerals:

an offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation 100;

a suction tube 1; a column 2; a spoiler 3; a spoiler nail 31; a spoiler strip 32; a current-disturbing network 33; a first spoiler strip 34; a second spoiler strip 35.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

An offshore wind power suction canister foundation 100 according to an embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1-2

As shown in fig. 1-2, the vacuum suction apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a suction tube 1, a column 2, and a spoiler 3.

The suction tube 1 is buried in the seabed with its top end surface exposed from the seabed, and the top end surface of the suction tube 1 includes a front surface facing the tidal current direction, a back surface opposite to the front surface, and two side surfaces.

Specifically, the suction tube 1 includes a sleeve having a top end surface, the sleeve of the suction tube 1 is buried in the seabed, the top of the suction tube 1 is exposed from the seabed, and the outer peripheral surface of the suction tube 1 is defined as a front surface facing the direction of the tidal current, a side surface facing away from the direction of the tidal current, and a side surface connecting the front surface and the back surface (for example, the tidal current flows in east and west, and the tidal current flowing in north and south rarely occurs; the east surface of the suction tube 1 is the front surface, the west surface of the suction tube 1 is the back surface, or the west surface of the suction tube 1 is the front surface, the east surface of the suction tube 1 is the back surface, and the north and south surfaces of the suction tube 1 are the side surfaces).

The bottom of the upright post 2 is connected with the suction tube 1. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the lower end portion of the upright 2 is fixed to the suction tube 1, thereby mounting the upright 2 on the sea level.

The spoiler 3 is provided on the top end surface of the suction tube 1 and protrudes upward from the top end surface of the suction tube 1, and the spoiler 3 is provided at least on the front surface and the back surface. Specifically, the top end face of a suction tube 1 is provided with a spoiler 3 and protrudes upwards from the top end face of the suction tube 1, and the front face and the back face of the suction tube 1 are provided with the spoiler 3 and the spoiler 3 extends outwards along the inner and outer directions.

According to the offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the turbulence pieces 3 are arranged on the top end surface, the front surface and the back surface of the suction cylinder 1, so that the tidal current is actively disturbed by the first energy dissipation structure, the flow speed and the direction of the tidal current are locally changed, the energy of the tidal current is dissipated to a certain extent, the first energy dissipation structure is arranged to achieve the effects of energy dissipation and impact reduction, the formation of horseshoe-shaped vortexes near the suction cylinder 1 is inhibited, the soil around the suction cylinder 1 is effectively protected, and the formation of scouring pits is avoided. When the tide contacts the first energy dissipation structure, the first energy dissipation structure can 'break up' the tide, the flow speed and the direction of the tide are locally changed, the energy of the tide is dissipated to a certain extent, and a large horseshoe-shaped vortex cannot be generated in front of the suction tube 1, so that the formation of the horseshoe-shaped vortex is restrained at the source.

In some embodiments, the spoiler 3 includes one or more of a plurality of spoiler pins 31, spoiler strips 32, and spoiler nets 33, wherein the spoiler pins 31 include a plurality of spoiler pins 31 spaced apart from each other on the top end surface of the suction tube 1, a ratio of a radial dimension of the spoiler pins 31 to a circumferential dimension of the spoiler pins 31 around the upright post 2 is greater than or equal to 1/2 and less than or equal to 2, an extending direction of the spoiler strips 32 is parallel to the top end surface of the suction tube 1, a ratio of a length to a width of the spoiler strips 32 is greater than or equal to 5, and the spoiler nets 33 are net structures covering at least a part of the top end surface of the suction tube 1.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the spoiler nails 31 are arranged on the top end surface of the suction tube 1 at intervals in the circumferential direction of the suction tube 1, the dimension of the spoiler nail 31 in the inside and outside direction is the length L1 of the spoiler nail 31, the dimension of the spoiler nail 31 in the circumferential direction of the suction tube 1 is the width M1 of the spoiler nail 31, and L1 is 0.5 times to 2 times of M1, for example, L1 may be 0.5 times, 1 time, 1.5 times, 1.8 times, 2 times, etc. of M1. As shown in fig. 1-2, the spoiler 32 surrounds the outer circumferential surface of the suction tube 1, the surrounding length of the spoiler 32 is L2, the dimension of the spoiler 32 in the vertical direction is M2, and the ratio of L2 to M2 is greater than 5, for example, L2 may be 5 times, 6 times, 6.5 times, 7 times, 7.5 times, etc. of M2. As shown in fig. 2, the spoiler 33 is a net structure surrounding the suction cylinder 1 at the outer circumferential side thereof. The spoiler 3 includes but not limited to any kind such as spoiler nail 31, spoiler strip 32 and spoiler net 33, or any kind of combination form of spoiler nail 31, spoiler strip 32 and spoiler net 33, from this, can choose different spoiler 3 according to the waters of difference, more effectively carry out the spoiler to the trend, realize the diversification of marine wind power suction cylinder basis 100.

In the related art, the offshore wind power suction cylinder foundation 100 is disposed in a shallow water area where a tidal current mainly approaches to or departs from a coastline in a direction approximately perpendicular to the coastline at the time of a flood tide and a ebb tide, so that a side of the suction cylinder 1 facing the coastline and a side facing away from the coastline are places where the tidal current mainly impacts. In the two places of the suction cylinder 1, the impact force of the bearing tide is larger, and the number of scouring pits caused by the vortex is larger. The extending direction of the other two side surfaces of the suction tube 1 is consistent with the direction of the tide, and the tide mainly applies friction force and smaller impact force to the other two side surfaces of the suction tube 1. Thus, in some embodiments, the spoiler 3 is also provided on both sides. Specifically, the spoiler 3 is arranged on two side surfaces of the suction cylinder 1, so that the friction force and the impact force of tide on the suction cylinder 11 can be resisted through the spoiler 3, the energy dissipation efficiency of the spoiler 3 is improved, and the service life of the suction cylinder 11 is prolonged.

Because the front surface and the back surface are subjected to larger tide impact, the two side surfaces are subjected to smaller tide impact. Thus, in view of economic efficiency, therefore, in some embodiments, the types of the spoilers 3 provided on the front and rear surfaces are the same, the types of the spoilers 3 provided on both side surfaces are the same, and the types of the spoilers 3 provided on both side surfaces are different from the types of the spoilers 3 provided on the front surface. Specifically, one of the spoiler pin 31, the spoiler strip 32 and the spoiler network 33 is provided on both the front and the back, and the other of the spoiler pin 31, the spoiler strip 32 and the spoiler network 33 is provided on both the side surfaces.

In some embodiments, turbulator strips 32 are provided on the front and back sides, and turbulator spikes 31 are provided on both sides. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the front and the back of the suction tube 1 are provided with spoiler strips 32, and two side surfaces of the suction tube 1 are provided with spoiler nails 31, so that the cost of the spoiler 3 is reduced, and the spoiler 3 is more reasonable in arrangement.

In some embodiments, the spoiler strips 32 extend in a radial direction (i.e., an inward-outward direction as shown in fig. 1-2) of the suction tube 1, and the spoiler strips 32 include a plurality of spoiler strips 32 arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction around the upright post 2. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of turbulence strips 32 are arranged on the front and the back of the suction tube 1, the plurality of turbulence strips 32 are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the suction tube 1, and a plurality of turbulence strips 32 arranged along the inner and outer directions form a plurality of mutually spaced and parallel energy dissipation channels, the energy dissipation channels between the plurality of turbulence strips 32 "break up" the tidal current, the flow velocity and the direction of the tidal current are locally changed, so that the energy of the tidal current is dissipated to a certain extent, a large horseshoe-shaped vortex cannot be generated in front of the suction tube 1, and the formation of the horseshoe-shaped vortex is suppressed at the source.

In some embodiments, the spoiler strips 32 are arc-shaped and extend along the circumferential direction around the upright post 2, the spoiler strips 32 are plural, and the plurality of spoiler strips 32 are arranged at intervals in the radial direction of the suction tube 1. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-2, on the front and back surfaces of the suction tube 1, a plurality of spoiler strips 32 extend in the circumferential direction, and the plurality of spoiler strips 32 are provided at intervals in the inside-outside direction.

It should be noted that the spoiler strips 32 may be in the shape of the cross-sectional outer peripheral profile including one or more of a semicircle, a triangle, or a square, and the spoiler strips 32 having various different structural shapes are combined, thereby greatly improving the flexibility of the overall scheme.

In the actual use process of the offshore wind power suction tube foundation 100, the more the position on the suction tube 1 close to the surface of the sea bed is subjected to tidal current impact, the higher the possibility of generating horseshoe-shaped vortex is. Thus, in some embodiments, the density of turbulators 31 increases in a direction closer to the surface of the ocean floor. Specifically, on the two side faces of the suction tube 1, the number of the turbulence nails 31 is gradually increased from top to bottom, so that the anti-scouring capability of the two side faces of the suction tube 1 is improved, and the anti-scouring capability and the practicability of the offshore wind power suction tube foundation 100 are further enhanced.

In some embodiments, a spoiler net 33 is provided on the front and back sides, and spoiler strips 32 are provided on both sides. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the front and the back of the suction tube 1 are provided with spoiler nets 33, and two side surfaces of the suction tube 1 are provided with spoiler strips 32, so that the cost of the spoiler 3 is reduced, and the spoiler 3 is more reasonable in arrangement.

In some embodiments, a plurality of annular first spoiler strips 34 and a plurality of second spoiler strips 35 extending along the radial direction of the suction tube 1 are arranged on the top end face of the suction tube 1, the first spoiler strips 34 are arranged around the upright post 2, the plurality of first spoiler strips 34 are arranged along the radial direction of the suction tube 1 at intervals, one part of the plurality of second spoiler strips 35 is arranged on the front face, the other part is arranged on the back face, and the second spoiler strips 35 and the plurality of first spoiler strips 34 are crossed to form a spoiler network 33. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of first spoiler strips 34 are established on the top end face of a suction section of thick bamboo 1 and encircle on stand 2, a plurality of first spoiler strips 34 set up along inside and outside direction interval, and a plurality of second spoiler strips 35 are established on the front and the back of the top end face of a suction section of thick bamboo 1, and a plurality of second spoiler strips 35 extend along inside and outside direction and intersect with first spoiler strip 34 and form spoiler net 33 to make spoiler 3's setting more reasonable.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-2, the spoiler 3 is further provided on the pillar 2 and protrudes from the outer circumferential surface of the pillar 2 in the radial direction of the pillar 2. Thus, when the tidal current flows around the column 2 without the spoiler 3, a horseshoe vortex may be formed around the column 2 due to the obstruction of the column 2, and the horseshoe vortex may develop downward along the outer peripheral surface of the column 2 and strike the seabed. When the horseshoe vortex arrives at the upright post 2 provided with the vortex net 3, the vortex can be actively disturbed by the vortex piece 3, the energy of the vortex is dissipated, so that the energy of the horseshoe vortex can be dissipated before the horseshoe vortex arrives at the sea bed surface, or the horseshoe vortex can be divided into a plurality of small vortices by the vortex piece 3, the energy of the small vortices is small, the flow rate is slow, the impact force on the sea bed surface is greatly reduced, and therefore the possibility of forming a scouring pit can be greatly reduced.

In some embodiments, the spoiler 3 is also provided on the outer circumferential surface of the suction tube 1, and protrudes from the outer circumferential surface of the suction tube 1 in the radial direction of the suction tube 1. Specifically, set up spoiler 3 on the outer peripheral face of a suction section of thick bamboo 1 that is higher than the sea bed surface, even form on the near sea bed surface of a suction section of thick bamboo basis that has spoiler 3 and wash away the hole, the formation that washes away the hole makes the outer peripheral face of a suction section of thick bamboo 1 that is located below the sea bed surface originally expose, spoiler 3 that sets up on the outer peripheral face of a suction section of thick bamboo 1 can reduce the scouring effect effectively, prevent to wash away the hole and continue downwardly extending, has strengthened the scour protection performance of marine wind power suction section of thick bamboo basis 100 that has spoiler 3.

In some embodiments, the outer peripheral surface of the upright post 2 is defined as a front surface facing the direction of the tidal current, a side surface facing away from the direction of the tidal current, and a side surface connected with the front surface and the back surface is defined as a side surface (for example, the tidal current flows east and west, the flow of north and south occurs rarely, the east surface of the upright post 2 is the front surface, the west surface of the upright post 2 is the back surface, or the west surface of the upright post 2 is the front surface, the east surface of the upright post 2 is the back surface, and the north and south surfaces of the upright post 2 are the side surfaces), the types of the turbulence members 3 on the front surface and the back surface of the upright post 2 are the same as the types of the turbulence members 3 on the front surface and the back surface of the suction tube 1, and the types of the turbulence members 3 on the two side surfaces of the upright post 2 are the same as the types of the turbulence members 3 on the two side surfaces of the suction tube 1.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.