阅读说明：本技术 一种基于断层破碎带或陷落柱的井筒揭煤水害防治方法 (Shaft coal uncovering water damage prevention and control method based on fault fracture zone or collapse column ) 是由 马丹 刘县委 张吉雄 吴浩 张彦董 冯秀娟 黄艳利 于 2021-09-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于断层破碎带或陷落柱的井筒揭煤水害防治方法,涉及揭煤时水害防治方法领域。提出了一种可利用断层破碎带或陷落柱的高渗透性、高连通性进行疏水降压,从而更好的进行揭煤水害防治的基于断层破碎带或陷落柱的井筒揭煤水害防治方法。基于断层破碎带的井筒揭煤水害防治方法按以下步骤进行：S1、确定断层破碎带的位置；S2、施工立井；S3、开凿出临时水仓；S4、施工前探钻孔；S5、施工倾斜排水钻孔；S6、布置水压监测系统、水位监测系统,并布置位移监测系统；S7、进行疏水卸压,至安全准则后,注浆封堵倾斜排水钻孔,进行揭煤。克服了断层破碎带或陷落柱等地质构造的危险性,将其变害为利,解决了含水煤层井筒揭煤突水问题。(The invention discloses a shaft coal uncovering water damage prevention and control method based on fault fracture zones or collapse columns, and relates to the field of water damage prevention and control methods during coal uncovering. The method for preventing and treating the coal uncovering water damage of the shaft based on the fault fracture zone or the collapse column can be used for carrying out hydrophobic depressurization by utilizing the high permeability and the high connectivity of the fault fracture zone or the collapse column so as to better prevent and treat the coal uncovering water damage. The method for preventing and controlling the coal uncovering water damage of the shaft based on the fault fracture zone comprises the following steps: s1, determining the position of a fault fracture zone; s2, constructing a vertical shaft; s3, digging out a temporary water sump; s4, drilling a hole before construction; s5, constructing inclined drainage drill holes; s6, arranging a water pressure monitoring system, a water level monitoring system and a displacement monitoring system; and S7, draining and releasing pressure, grouting and plugging the inclined drainage drill hole after safety criteria are met, and uncovering the coal. The danger of geological structures such as broken zone, broken zone or collapse column is overcome, the harm is changed into the benefit, and the problem of coal uncovering and water inrush of the shaft of the water-containing coal seam is solved.)

1. A shaft coal uncovering water damage control method based on fault fracture zones or collapse columns is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, determining the position of a fault fracture zone (51) according to geological exploration work carried out in the early stage of a mine, and determining the position of a water-rich area (7) where the fault fracture zone is intersected with a water-containing coal seam;

s2, constructing the vertical shaft (2) from the ground vertically downwards to a water-resisting layer (11) above the water-bearing coal seam (6);

s3, constructing a temporary water sump (3) in the water-resisting layer (11) above the water-containing coal seam (6), and arranging pumping and drainage equipment in the temporary water sump (3);

s4, constructing a front drill hole (9) vertically downwards on the bottom plate of the vertical shaft (2), measuring the occurrence characteristics of the water body of the water-containing coal seam (6), and plugging the front drill hole (9) by grouting liquid (10) after the observation is finished;

s5, constructing an inclined drainage borehole (4) from the water-resisting layer (11) at the bottom of the vertical shaft (2) to enable the temporary water sump (3) to be communicated with the fault fracture zone (51), and installing a pumping and releasing pipe in the inclined drainage borehole (4) to connect the vertical shaft and the fault fracture zone;

s6, arranging a water pressure monitoring system and a water level monitoring system at the connecting position of the inclined drainage drill hole (4) and the fault fracture zone (51), and arranging a displacement monitoring system at the junction of the water-bearing coal seam (6) and the water-resisting layer (11) above the water-bearing coal seam;

s7, starting pumping and drainage equipment to extract coal bed water through a water-rich area (7) where a fault fracture zone (51) and a water-containing coal bed (6) are intersected, draining and releasing pressure, after the water-containing coal bed (6) is drained and released to a safety standard, grouting and plugging the inclined drainage drill hole (4), and uncovering coal.

2. A shaft coal uncovering water damage control method based on fault fracture zones or collapse columns is characterized by comprising the following steps:

t1, determining the position of the trapping column (52) according to geological exploration work carried out in the early stage of the mine, and determining the position of a water-rich area (7) where the trapping column and a water-containing coal seam meet;

t2, constructing the vertical shaft (2) from the ground vertically downwards to a water-resisting layer (11) above the water-bearing coal seam (6);

t3, constructing a temporary water sump (3) in a water-resisting layer (11) above the water-bearing coal seam (6), and arranging pumping and drainage equipment in the temporary water sump (3);

t4, vertically and downwardly constructing a front drill hole (9) on a bottom plate of the vertical shaft (2), measuring the occurrence characteristics of the water body of the water-containing coal seam (6), and plugging the front drill hole (9) by grouting liquid (10) after the observation is finished;

t5, constructing an inclined drainage borehole (4) from the water-resisting layer (11) at the bottom of the vertical shaft (2) so that the temporary water sump (3) is communicated with the sinking column (52), and installing a pumping and releasing pipe in the inclined drainage borehole (4) to connect the vertical shaft and the sinking column;

t6, arranging a water pressure monitoring system and a water level monitoring system at the connecting position of the inclined drainage drill hole (4) and the collapse column (52), and arranging a displacement monitoring system at the junction of the water-bearing coal seam (6) and the water-resisting layer (11) above the water-bearing coal seam;

t7, starting pumping and drainage equipment to pump coal bed water through a water-rich area (7) where the sinking column (52) and the water-containing coal bed (6) meet, draining water and releasing pressure, after the water-containing coal bed (6) drains and releases pressure to safety standards, grouting and plugging the inclined drainage drill hole (4), and uncovering coal.

3. The method for preventing and treating the coal and water damage of the shaft based on the fault fracture zone or the collapse column as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S4 or the step T4, the height of the grouting plugging is 2/3 of the length of the front drilling hole (9).

4. The method for preventing and controlling the coal uncovering water damage of the shaft based on the fault fracture zone or the collapse column as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S7 or the step T7, the safety criterion is as follows: the water inflow is reduced to be below 100m3/h, and the pressure of the coal bed water is relieved to be below 0.1 MPa.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of a water disaster prevention and control method during coal uncovering.

Background

The water inrush accident caused by coal exposed in the shaft is always a major technical problem which puzzles the safety production of mines. Aiming at the problem, scholars at home and abroad develop related researches to form water hazard prevention and control methods such as waterproof coal rock pillar setting, rock stratum grouting filling, aquifer water drainage and pressure reduction and the like. With the innovation of geological exploration technology and the exhaustion of coal resources in mining areas, mines with coal seams as main water-bearing layers and hydrogeological characteristics are gradually known, but the technology for preventing and controlling water damage of water-bearing coal seams exposed from mineshafts is rarely reported.

For shaft coal uncovering under special hydrogeological conditions such as water-bearing coal beds, if the shaft coal uncovering is directly carried out without pretreatment, the shaft coal uncovering accident is often caused because coal bed water directly rushes into a vertical shaft. In order to avoid water inrush disasters of a shaft, drainage and pressure relief are carried out before coal uncovering, so that water damage caused by coal uncovering is avoided. However, if the water is directly pumped from the water-containing coal seam, the problems of too low permeability of the water-containing coal seam, dispersion of the water distribution area of the coal seam and the like are caused, so that the problems of unsuitability for centralized pumping, too low water pumping efficiency and the like are caused.

Meanwhile, in the mine construction and production process, geological structures such as fault fracture zones or collapse columns are often encountered.

On one hand, the permeability of the fault fracture zone or the collapse column is far higher than that of a water-containing coal bed, and certain utilization value is achieved; for example, in a Chinese invention patent (named as a coal-geothermal water collaborative mining method based on a fault water flowing fractured zone, and the application number of which is 202010416817.2), a technology for coal thermal co-mining by utilizing the characteristic of high permeability of a joint of a fault fracture zone and geothermal water is provided; for example, in the invention patent of china (named "coal-geothermal water collaborative mining method based on a water channel of a sinking column", application number "202010416827.6"), a technology for coal thermal co-mining by utilizing the characteristic of high permeability at the joint of the sinking column and geothermal water is proposed.

On the other hand, the fault or collapse column is a weakly cemented unstable rock mass structure, and a natural water-conducting fracture network exists in the fault or collapse column, so that the complex geological structures are often avoided during mine construction, the construction difficulty degree of the construction and the waste of resources are increased, part of fault structures are hidden and are not easy to discover, and huge hidden dangers are brought to the safety construction of a mine.

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the technical staff in the field is how to utilize the high permeability and the high connectivity of the fault fracture zone or the collapse column and better realize the purpose of preventing and treating coal uncovering water damage on the premise of not avoiding complex geological structures such as faults or collapse columns.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling the coal uncovering water damage of a shaft based on a fault fracture zone or a collapse column, which utilizes the high permeability and the high connectivity of the fault fracture zone or the collapse column to carry out hydrophobic depressurization.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for preventing and controlling the coal uncovering water damage of the shaft based on the fault fracture zone comprises the following steps:

s1, determining the position of the fault fracture zone 51 according to geological exploration work carried out in the early stage of the mine, and determining the position of the water-rich area 7 where the fault fracture zone is intersected with the water-containing coal seam;

s2, constructing the vertical shaft 2 vertically downwards from the ground into the water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam 6;

s3, constructing a temporary water sump 3 in the water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam 6, and arranging pumping and drainage equipment in the temporary water sump 3;

s4, constructing a front-exploring drill hole 9 vertically downwards on the bottom plate of the vertical shaft 2, measuring the water occurrence characteristics of the water-containing coal seam 6, and plugging the front-exploring drill hole 9 by grouting liquid 10 after the observation is finished;

s5, constructing an inclined drainage borehole 4 from the water-resisting layer 11 at the bottom of the vertical shaft 2, enabling the temporary water sump 3 to be communicated with the fault fracture zone 51, and installing a pumping and releasing pipe in the inclined drainage borehole 4 to connect the vertical shaft and the fault fracture zone;

s6, arranging a water pressure monitoring system and a water level monitoring system at the connecting position of the inclined drainage drill hole 4 and the fault fracture zone 51, and arranging a displacement monitoring system at the junction of the water-bearing coal seam 6 and the water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam;

s7, starting pumping and drainage equipment to pump coal bed water through the water-rich area 7 where the fault fracture zone 51 and the water-containing coal bed 6 meet, draining and releasing water, grouting and plugging the inclined drainage drill hole 4 after the water-containing coal bed 6 is drained and released to reach a safety criterion, and uncovering coal.

The shaft coal uncovering water damage control method based on the collapse column is carried out according to the following steps:

t1, determining the position of the trapping column 52 according to geological exploration work carried out in the early stage of the mine, and determining the position of the water-rich area 7 where the trapping column and the water-containing coal seam meet;

t2, constructing the vertical shaft 2 from the ground vertically downwards to the water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam 6;

t3, constructing a temporary water sump 3 in the water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam 6, and arranging pumping and drainage equipment in the temporary water sump 3;

t4, vertically and downwardly constructing a front drill hole 9 on the bottom plate of the vertical shaft 2, measuring the occurrence characteristics of the water body of the water-containing coal seam 6, and plugging the front drill hole 9 by grouting liquid 10 after the observation is finished;

t5, constructing an inclined drainage borehole 4 from the water-resisting layer 11 at the bottom of the vertical shaft 2, enabling the temporary water sump 3 to be communicated with the sinking column 52, and installing a pumping and releasing pipe in the inclined drainage borehole 4 to connect the vertical shaft and the sinking column;

t6, arranging a water pressure monitoring system and a water level monitoring system at the connecting position of the inclined drainage drill hole 4 and the collapse column 52, and arranging a displacement monitoring system at the junction of the water-bearing coal seam 6 and the water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam;

and T7, starting pumping and drainage equipment to pump coal bed water through the water-rich area 7 where the sinking column 52 and the water-containing coal bed 6 meet, draining and releasing pressure, grouting and plugging the inclined drainage drill hole 4 after the water-containing coal bed 6 drains and releases pressure to safety standards, and uncovering coal.

In step S4 or step T4, the height of the grout seal is 2/3 the length of the front access hole 9.

In step S7 or step T7, the safety criterion is: the water inflow is reduced to be below 100m3/h, and the pressure of the coal bed water is relieved to be below 0.1 MPa.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

firstly, a water pumping pipeline is arranged to conduct drainage and pressure reduction on a coal seam by utilizing connectivity and high permeability of a fault fracture zone or a collapse column, so that the danger of geological structures such as the fault fracture zone or the collapse column is overcome, harm is changed into benefit, and the problem of coal uncovering and water inrush of a shaft of a water-containing coal seam is solved.

And secondly, a seepage channel formed between the fault fracture zone or the collapse column and the coal bed is utilized to communicate the water-containing coal bed with the fault or the collapse column, and water is pumped and discharged outwards through a water-rich area of the fault fracture zone or the collapse column, so that the flowing and the extraction of coal bed water are facilitated, and the extraction efficiency is greatly improved.

And thirdly, by utilizing the high connectivity of the fault fracture zone or the collapse column and by means of the advantages of the fault fracture zone or the collapse column in the geographical position, the extraction distance of the coal bed water is greatly shortened, the quantity of the pipeline arrangement projects is reduced, and the extraction cost is saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a reference diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention in a use state,

FIG. 2 is a reference diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-ground, 2-vertical shaft, 3-temporary water sump, 4-inclined drainage drilling hole, 51-fault broken zone, 52-collapse column, 6-water-containing coal seam, 7-water-rich area, 8-overlying rock stratum, 9-front drilling hole, 10-grouting plugging liquid and 11-water-resisting layer.

Detailed Description

In order to clearly explain the technical features of the present patent, the following detailed description of the present patent is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The invention creatively provides a method for dewatering and depressurizing a water-containing coal seam based on high permeability of a fault fracture zone or a collapse column on the basis of the prior art, and can achieve the purpose of safely uncovering coal in a shaft of the water-containing coal seam.

Embodiment one, as shown in fig. 1.

The method for preventing and controlling the coal uncovering water damage of the shaft based on the fault fracture zone comprises the following steps:

s1, determining the position of the fault fracture zone 51 according to geological exploration work carried out in the early stage of the mine, and determining the position of the water-rich area 7 where the fault fracture zone is intersected with the water-containing coal seam; when people carry out geological exploration work in the early stage, the position of the fault fracture zone 51 can be usually collected, whether the fault fracture zone is communicated with a water-containing coal bed or not is judged, and when the fault fracture zone 51 is found to be communicated with the water-containing coal bed, the next step can be carried out.

Because the fault fracture zone is a natural water-flowing fracture zone, a seepage channel is easily formed between the fault fracture zone and a water-containing coal bed, water can flow to a fault with high permeability under the action of ground stress, and a water-rich area with high permeability and high connectivity is formed near the fault; therefore, the water-rich area can be extracted in a centralized manner by means of the fault fracture zone.

S2, constructing the vertical shaft 2 vertically downwards from the ground to the water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam 6, wherein the distance between the vertical shaft and the water-resisting layer is not greater than the safety distance of the waterproof protection coal rock pillar of the fault;

s3, constructing a temporary water sump 3 in the water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam 6, and arranging pumping and drainage equipment in the temporary water sump 3 to complete a drainage system;

s4, constructing a front exploration drilling hole 9 vertically downwards on a bottom plate of the vertical shaft 2, measuring water occurrence characteristics of the water-containing coal seam 6, including initial water pressure of coal seam water, initial water level and coal seam water content, and plugging the front exploration drilling hole 9 by grouting liquid 10 after observation is finished;

s5, constructing an inclined drainage borehole 4 from the water-resisting layer 11 at the bottom of the vertical shaft 2, enabling the temporary water sump 3 to be communicated with the fault fracture zone 51, and installing a pumping and releasing pipe in the inclined drainage borehole 4 to connect the vertical shaft and the fault fracture zone; the fault fracture zone is connected with drainage equipment through a drainage pipe and finally discharged outwards through a shaft;

s6, arranging a water pressure monitoring system and a water level monitoring system at the connecting position of the inclined drainage drill hole 4 and the fault fracture zone 51, and arranging a displacement monitoring system at the junction of the water-bearing coal seam 6 and the water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam; the displacement monitoring system is used for monitoring the change of the coal seam displacement so as to determine the thickness of the shaft coal uncovering extension, and the change of water pressure and water level can be matched to judge whether the extraction of the water-rich area is finished, so that the safety of the extraction work is finally ensured, and the extraction efficiency is improved;

s7, starting pumping and drainage equipment to pump coal bed water through a water-rich area 7 where the fault fracture zone 51 and the water-containing coal bed 6 intersect, draining and releasing water, grouting and plugging the inclined drainage drill hole 4 after the water-containing coal bed 6 drains and releases water to a safety standard, and uncovering coal; and the conventional shaft coal uncovering method can be combined subsequently, the shaft of the vertical shaft is extended into the water-containing coal layer, and the safe coal uncovering of the shaft of the water-containing coal layer is realized.

In step S4, the height of the grout seal is 2/3 of the length of the front access hole 9.

In step S7, the safety criterion is: the water is drained and decompressed through the inclined drainage drill hole 4, so that the water inflow is reduced to be below 100m3/h, and the pressure of the coal bed water is relieved to be below 0.1 MPa.

Example two, as shown in fig. 2.

The shaft coal uncovering water damage control method based on the collapse column is carried out according to the following steps:

t1, determining the position of the trapping column 52 according to geological exploration work carried out in the early stage of the mine, and determining the position of the water-rich area 7 where the trapping column and the water-containing coal seam meet; when people are in geological exploration in the early stage, the position of the trapping column 52 can be generally collected, whether the trapping column is communicated with the water-bearing coal seam or not is judged, and when the trapping column 52 is found to be communicated with the water-bearing coal seam, the next step can be carried out.

Because the collapse column is a natural water flowing fractured zone, a seepage channel is easily formed between the collapse column and a water-containing coal bed, water can flow to the collapse column with high permeability under the action of ground stress, and a water-rich area with high permeability and high connectivity is formed near the collapse column; therefore, the water-rich area can be extracted in a centralized manner by means of the trapping columns.

T2, constructing a vertical shaft 2 vertically downwards from the ground to a water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam 6, wherein the water-resisting layer is a falling column and is a distance away from the coal rock column;

t3, constructing a temporary water sump 3 in the water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam 6, and arranging pumping and drainage equipment in the temporary water sump 3 to complete a drainage system;

t4, vertically and downwardly constructing a front drill hole 9 on a bottom plate of the vertical shaft 2, measuring water occurrence characteristics of the water-containing coal seam 6, including initial water pressure of coal seam water, initial water level and coal seam water content, and plugging the front drill hole 9 by grouting liquid 10 after observation is finished;

t5, constructing an inclined drainage borehole 4 from the water-resisting layer 11 at the bottom of the vertical shaft 2, enabling the temporary water sump 3 to be communicated with the sinking column 52, and installing a pumping and releasing pipe in the inclined drainage borehole 4 to connect the vertical shaft and the sinking column, namely connecting the sinking column with drainage equipment through the pumping and releasing pipe and finally discharging outwards through a shaft;

t6, arranging a water pressure monitoring system and a water level monitoring system at the connecting position of the inclined drainage drill hole 4 and the collapse column 52, and arranging a displacement monitoring system at the junction of the water-bearing coal seam 6 and the water-resisting layer 11 above the water-bearing coal seam; the displacement monitoring system is used for monitoring the change of the coal seam displacement so as to determine the thickness of the shaft coal uncovering extension in the following process, and the change of water pressure and water level can be matched to judge whether the extraction of the water-rich area is finished, so that the safety of the extraction work is finally ensured, and the extraction efficiency is improved;

t7, starting pumping and drainage equipment to pump coal bed water through the water-rich area 7 where the sinking column 52 and the water-containing coal bed 6 meet, draining and releasing water, grouting and plugging the inclined drainage drill hole 4 after the water-containing coal bed 6 drains and releases the pressure to a safety standard, and uncovering coal; and the well shaft of the vertical shaft can be extended into the coal bed by combining the conventional well shaft coal uncovering method, so that the safe coal uncovering of the well shaft of the water-containing coal bed is realized.

In step T4, the height of the grout seal is 2/3 of the length of the front borehole 9.

In step T7, the safety criterion is: the water is drained and decompressed through the inclined drainage drill hole 4, so that the water inflow is reduced to be below 100m3/h, and the pressure of the coal bed water is relieved to be below 0.1 MPa.

While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.