阅读说明：本技术 高铁运行对隧道口上方超高陡危岩影响的监测预警系统 (Monitoring and early warning system for influence of high-speed rail operation on ultrahigh and steep dangerous rocks above tunnel portal ) 是由 宋盛渊 黄迪 赵明宇 吴峰 李豪杰 马牧野 于 2021-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种高铁运行对隧道口上方超高陡危岩影响的监测预警系统,其中,振动声波识别模块通过分布式光纤利用声波传感监测危岩的振动及声波信号,并且定位,控制模块根据监测到的振动及声波信号初步判断危岩存在坠落风险后向外输出控制指令信号,位移监测模块根据接收控制指令信号启动初步判断存在坠落风险的危岩位置对应的无线射频装置,所述无线射频装置计算初步判断存在坠落风险的危岩位移,控制模块根据危岩位移准确判断危岩存在坠落风险后向报警模块输出报警信号。本发明将分布式光纤声波传感技术与无线射频识别技术相结合,实现声波、振动、位移一体化监测,实现对受高铁运行影响的隧道口上方超高陡危岩体的准确监测及预警。(The invention provides a monitoring and early warning system for influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal, wherein a vibration sound wave recognition module monitors vibration and sound wave signals of the dangerous rocks by sound wave sensing through distributed optical fibers and positions the dangerous rocks, a control module preliminarily judges that the dangerous rocks have a falling risk according to the monitored vibration and sound wave signals and outputs a control instruction signal outwards, a falling displacement monitoring module starts a wireless radio frequency device corresponding to the position of the dangerous rocks preliminarily judged to have the falling risk according to the received control instruction signal, the wireless radio frequency device calculates the displacement of the dangerous rocks preliminarily judged to have the falling risk, and the control module accurately judges that the dangerous rocks have the falling risk according to the displacement of the dangerous rocks and outputs an alarm signal to an alarm module. The invention combines the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing technology with the radio frequency identification technology, realizes the integrated monitoring of acoustic wave, vibration and displacement, and realizes the accurate monitoring and early warning of the ultra-high and steep rock mass above the tunnel portal influenced by the operation of high-speed rail.)

1. Monitoring and early warning system of high-speed railway operation to the influence of super high steep dangerous rock in tunnel portal top, its characterized in that:

the method comprises the following steps:

the vibration sound wave identification module is used for monitoring the vibration and sound wave signals of the dangerous rock by using sound wave sensing through the distributed optical fiber;

the control module is used for analyzing the monitored vibration and sound wave signals, outputting control instruction signals outwards after preliminarily judging that the dangerous rock has the falling risk, and determining the dangerous rock position preliminarily judged to have the falling risk;

the displacement monitoring module is used for receiving the control instruction signal and starting a wireless radio frequency device corresponding to the dangerous rock position with the falling risk, and the wireless radio frequency device calculates the dangerous rock displacement with the falling risk through the built-in dangerous rock initial position data and the real-time dangerous rock position data monitored in real time;

the control module is also used for analyzing the received dangerous rock displacement which is preliminarily judged to have the falling risk, and outputting an alarm signal after accurately judging that the dangerous rock has the falling risk;

and the alarm module is used for receiving the alarm signal and executing an alarm action outwards.

2. A monitoring and early warning system for the influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

the vibration acoustic wave recognition module includes: the device comprises a laser light source, a first amplifier, a circulator, a distributed optical fiber, a second amplifier, a polarization controller, a coupler and a photoelectric detector;

the laser light source, the first amplifier and the first port of the circulator are sequentially connected through optical fibers, the second port of the circulator is connected with the distributed optical fibers, and the third port of the circulator, the second amplifier, the polarization controller, the coupler and the photoelectric detector are sequentially connected through the optical fibers;

and the photoelectric detector converts the received optical signals into electric signals and outputs dangerous rock vibration and sound wave signals outwards.

3. A monitoring and early warning system for influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:

the distributed optical fibers are distributed on the cracks of the dangerous rocks in a continuous N shape, and the distribution trend of the distributed optical fibers is consistent with the trend of the cracks of the dangerous rocks.

4. A monitoring and early warning system for the influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal according to claim 3, characterized in that:

the distributed optical fiber is bonded on the surface of a rock body by adopting instant adhesive and cement;

the tail of the distributed optical fiber is knotted.

5. A monitoring and early warning system for the influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

the vibration sound wave identification module is in signal connection with the control module through the first wireless transmission module.

6. A monitoring and early warning system for the influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

the control module is a monitoring processing host embedded with a control unit;

an analysis module is arranged in the monitoring processing host;

the analysis module is internally provided with a preset sound wave and vibration threshold value and corresponding comparison and judgment logics, the analysis module compares the received sound wave and vibration signals with the preset sound wave and vibration threshold value, when the monitored sound wave and vibration signals exceed the preset sound wave and vibration threshold value, the dangerous rock body at the corresponding position is preliminarily judged to have the risk of falling, the analysis module locks the corresponding preliminary judgment area to preliminarily judge the position area where the dangerous rock body falls, and meanwhile, the control unit sends a control signal outwards;

the analysis module still embeds there is predetermined dangerous rock displacement threshold value and corresponding comparative judgement logic, and the analysis module is compared the dangerous rock displacement that the risk was fallen in the preliminary judgement of receiving with predetermined dangerous rock displacement threshold value, and when the dangerous rock displacement that the risk was fallen in the preliminary judgement of receiving had the risk of falling surpassed predetermined dangerous rock displacement threshold value, then the risk was fallen in accurate judgement dangerous rock to outwards send alarm control signal through monitoring host computer.

7. A monitoring and early warning system for the influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

the wireless radio frequency device in the displacement monitoring module is as follows: an RFID tag and an RFID reader;

the RFID electronic tags are distributed around the distributed optical fibers along the distribution direction of the distributed optical fibers, are fixed on the surface and at the cracks of the dangerous rock and are used for monitoring the displacement of the dangerous rock and the expansion of the cracks;

the RFID electronic tags are arranged in groups, each group of RFID electronic tags is correspondingly connected with one RFID reader, and the RFID electronic tags are in wireless signal connection with the RFID readers;

the RFID reader is arranged on the stable bedrock above or below the distributed optical fiber and used for receiving the control signal sent by the control unit, transmitting a radio frequency signal outwards and recording the initial position information of the dangerous rock in the area where the RFID electronic tag connected with the RFID reader is distributed.

8. A monitoring and early warning system for the influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal according to claim 7, characterized in that:

the displacement monitoring module further comprises: the second wireless transmission module and the resolver;

the RFID reader is in electric signal connection with a second wireless transmission module, the second wireless transmission module is in wireless signal connection with the control module, and the resolver is in wired signal connection with the control module;

and the resolver is used for receiving the dangerous rock initial position data and the dangerous rock real-time position data monitored in real time and calculating the dangerous rock displacement for preliminarily judging the existence of the falling risk.

9. A monitoring and early warning system for the influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal according to claim 8, characterized in that:

the specific process of calculating the displacement of the dangerous rock in the dangerous rock falling risk position area through the initial judgment by the resolver is as follows:

s1: collecting initial position information (x) of dangerous rock₁，y₁)；

S2: calculating the real-time distance d from the RFID electronic tag corresponding to the dangerous rock to the RFID reader according to the following formula;

RSSI＝-(A+10nlgd)

in the above formula:

RSSI-signal received strength, obtained by collecting the signal;

n-signal propagation factor;

a-a constant associated with the environment;

d is the real-time distance from the RFID electronic tag corresponding to the dangerous rock to the RFID reader;

s3: locating real-time location (x) of dangerous rock according to trilateration₂，y₂)；

S4: according to the initial position information (x) of the dangerous rocks₁，y₁) Real-time location (x) of dangerous rock₂，y₂) And calculating the displacement of the dangerous rock in the position area with the dangerous rock falling risk after preliminary judgment.

10. A monitoring and early warning system for the influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

the alarm module includes: the system comprises a short message unit, a power supply unit, a wireless alarm and a solar panel;

the short message unit is connected with the control module and used for editing corresponding alarm information after receiving the alarm control signal sent by the control module and sending the alarm information to the outside in a short message mode;

the solar panel, the power supply unit and the wireless alarm are sequentially connected with each other through electric signals;

and the audible and visual alarm is in signal connection with the control module and is used for sending out a warning signal after receiving the alarm control signal sent by the control module.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high mountain dangerous rock mass monitoring, and particularly relates to a monitoring and early warning system for influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rock above a tunnel portal.

Background

The southwest region of China is wide in region and rich in natural resources, the traffic conditions in the southwest region are extremely improved in order to better develop the resources in the southwest region, and a high-speed railway has the advantages of large transportation capacity and high speed and is incomparable with other transportation modes. Therefore, the method is very important for accelerating the construction of the high-speed railway in the southwest region, is beneficial to resource development and material output in the southwest region, and promotes economic development of the southwest region and railway lines.

Compared with the common railway, the high-speed railway mostly adopts a ballastless track, and the impact on the track during the running of the high-speed railway causes the vibration of the track structure of the vehicle and is transmitted to dangerous rocks above the tunnel portal through the track and the surrounding rocks of the tunnel. Due to the fact that high mountains and gorges are numerous in southwest regions, railway route selection cannot be avoided, an ultrahigh steep slope often exists above a tunnel portal, the risk of dangerous rocks and falling rocks is often faced, vibration generated in high-speed rail operation in the environment causes vibration and instability of the ultrahigh steep slope rock above the tunnel portal, the high-speed rail can be threatened to smoothly operate, and national traffic and transportation safety is harmed.

The bridge and tunnel occupancy ratio in the southwest area is high, the instability of the ultra-high and steep dangerous rock mass above the tunnel portal is one of the main geological disaster types, the relative development height of the ultra-high and steep dangerous rock mass is more than 300m, the dangerous rock fall height difference is large, the slope surface is steep, the kinetic energy is large, and the destructive power is strong. Under the excitation of long-term train vibration, the instability of dangerous rocks can be accelerated, catalyzed and induced, and if the dangerous rocks fall down and collide with a train running at high speed, serious consequences can be generated. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the influence of high-speed rail operation on the ultra-high and steep rock mass above the tunnel portal and perform early warning.

The optical fiber sensing technology is a relatively advanced monitoring technology, wherein the optical fiber grating sensing technology, the optical fiber strain sensing technology and the optical fiber acoustic wave sensing technology are applied to monitoring and early warning of geological disasters.

At present, most of optical fiber sensing technologies applied to geological disaster early warning are optical fiber grating sensing technologies, optical fiber grating sensors are connected in series to optical fiber lines, and landslide, rockfall and the like are monitored through indexes such as vibration and acceleration. The optical fiber technology is most commonly applied to the foreign matter invasion monitoring of dangerous rock falling rocks, the optical fiber is fixed on a mountain in a monitored range by taking a flexible protective net as a carrier, the fiber bragg grating sensor is fixed in the middle of the monitored range through the optical fiber, and the monitoring control system judges whether falling rocks invade or not according to a received vibration signal. However, firstly, the fiber bragg grating sensor is connected in series in the optical fiber, only dangerous rock mass vibration at a certain point can be monitored, the number of required sensors is large, the cost is high, the fiber bragg grating sensor is not easy to install when the fiber bragg grating sensor is used in southwestern mountainous areas with rugged mountain roads, complex terrains and ultrahigh and steep slopes, and a large amount of workload is increased. And secondly, the fiber bragg grating technology with the flexible protective net as a support is more in post-disaster early warning, can not forecast before dangerous rock falling rocks occur, only uses vibration indexes to monitor, can only judge whether foreign matters exist, can not accurately judge whether the falling rocks occur, and has high possibility of false alarm. When the flexible protective net is used on an ultrahigh and steep side slope in the southwest area, the falling rocks have large height difference, large kinetic energy and strong destructive power, so that the flexible protective net can be broken at any time, and the damage to the normal operation of railways is serious; in addition, when monitoring is carried out by using a distributed strain optical fiber sensing mode, strain and temperature can be monitored simultaneously, the strain monitoring is greatly influenced by external temperature, a temperature compensator is required for temperature compensation, and the cost of the temperature compensator is high; when the optical fiber monitors a strain value, because the bonding material at the tension fixed end can deform to generate errors, the calibration of a strain coefficient and a temperature coefficient is required before the optical fiber is used, and the workload is large.

The distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing technology is used as a novel distributed optical fiber sensing technology, vibration and sound waves can be monitored due to the distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing technology, phase information is collected simultaneously, the distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing technology has the advantages of being high in precision, high in response speed, wide in dynamic range and the like, the distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing technology is applied to real-time monitoring of landslide conditions of high-speed rails, optical fibers sense deformation information of soil bodies at monitoring points and transmit the deformation information to a BOTDR host, the BOTDR host calculates real-time strain curves of the monitoring points, abnormal points are accurately located, and landslide conditions can be monitored in real time. However, the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing technology is susceptible to noise when in use, and therefore, false alarm can be generated when dangerous rocks are monitored only through vibration and acoustic waves.

Except the optical fiber sensing technology, the RFID radio frequency identification technology is also commonly used for dangerous rock monitoring, the principle is that an RFID electronic tag is generally installed on a dangerous rock mass, a reader is installed in a stable area far away from the dangerous rock mass, when the dangerous rock mass collapses, the RFID radio frequency identification technology can drive the RFID electronic tag to roll down to the lower part of a side slope, and when the reader cannot track the information of the RFID radio frequency identification technology, the dangerous rock mass collapses or falls into a rock disaster. However, when dangerous rocks are monitored by using the RFID technology, early warning can be generated only after the dangerous rocks fall, but the development condition of cracks in the dangerous rocks cannot be monitored, early warning is difficult to realize, and the method belongs to post-disaster early warning.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a monitoring and early warning system for the influence of high-speed rail operation on the ultra-high and steep dangerous rock above the tunnel portal, which combines the distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing technology with the radio frequency identification technology to realize the integrated monitoring of acoustic waves, vibration and displacement and realize the accurate monitoring and early warning of the ultra-high and steep dangerous rock above the tunnel portal influenced by the high-speed rail operation.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows by combining the attached drawings of the specification:

monitoring and early warning system of high-speed railway operation to super high steep dangerous rock influence in tunnel portal top includes:

the vibration sound wave identification module is used for monitoring the vibration and sound wave signals of the dangerous rock by using sound wave sensing through the distributed optical fiber;

the control module is used for analyzing the monitored vibration and sound wave signals, outputting control instruction signals outwards after preliminarily judging that the dangerous rock has the falling risk, and determining the dangerous rock position preliminarily judged to have the falling risk;

the displacement monitoring module is used for receiving the control instruction signal and starting a wireless radio frequency device corresponding to the dangerous rock position with the falling risk, and the wireless radio frequency device calculates the dangerous rock displacement with the falling risk through the built-in dangerous rock initial position data and the real-time dangerous rock position data monitored in real time;

the control module is also used for analyzing the received dangerous rock displacement which is preliminarily judged to have the falling risk, and outputting an alarm signal after accurately judging that the dangerous rock has the falling risk;

and the alarm module is used for receiving the alarm signal and executing an alarm action outwards.

Further, the vibration acoustic wave identification module includes: the device comprises a laser light source, a first amplifier, a circulator, a distributed optical fiber, a second amplifier, a polarization controller, a coupler and a photoelectric detector;

the laser light source, the first amplifier and the first port of the circulator are sequentially connected through optical fibers, the second port of the circulator is connected with the distributed optical fibers, and the third port of the circulator, the second amplifier, the polarization controller, the coupler and the photoelectric detector are sequentially connected through the optical fibers;

and the photoelectric detector converts the received optical signals into electric signals and outputs dangerous rock vibration and sound wave signals outwards.

Furthermore, the distributed optical fibers are distributed on the cracks of the dangerous rocks in a continuous N shape, and the distribution trend of the distributed optical fibers is consistent with the trend of the cracks of the dangerous rocks.

Furthermore, the distributed optical fiber is bonded on the surface of a rock body by using instant adhesive and cement;

the tail of the distributed optical fiber is knotted.

Furthermore, the vibration sound wave identification module is in signal connection with the control module through the first wireless transmission module.

Furthermore, the control module is a monitoring processing host embedded with a control unit;

an analysis module is arranged in the monitoring processing host;

the analysis module is internally provided with a preset sound wave and vibration threshold value and corresponding comparison and judgment logics, the analysis module compares the received sound wave and vibration signals with the preset sound wave and vibration threshold value, when the monitored sound wave and vibration signals exceed the preset sound wave and vibration threshold value, the dangerous rock body at the corresponding position is preliminarily judged to have the risk of falling, the analysis module locks the corresponding preliminary judgment area to preliminarily judge the position area where the dangerous rock body falls, and meanwhile, the control unit sends a control signal outwards;

the analysis module still embeds there is predetermined dangerous rock displacement threshold value and corresponding comparative judgement logic, and the analysis module is compared the dangerous rock displacement that the risk was fallen in the preliminary judgement of receiving with predetermined dangerous rock displacement threshold value, and when the dangerous rock displacement that the risk was fallen in the preliminary judgement of receiving had the risk of falling surpassed predetermined dangerous rock displacement threshold value, then the risk was fallen in accurate judgement dangerous rock to outwards send alarm control signal through monitoring host computer.

Further, the wireless radio frequency device in the displacement monitoring module is: an RFID tag and an RFID reader;

the RFID electronic tags are distributed around the distributed optical fibers along the distribution direction of the distributed optical fibers, are fixed on the surface and at the cracks of the dangerous rock and are used for monitoring the displacement of the dangerous rock and the expansion of the cracks;

the RFID electronic tags are arranged in groups, each group of RFID electronic tags is correspondingly connected with one RFID reader, and the RFID electronic tags are in wireless signal connection with the RFID readers;

the RFID reader is arranged on the stable bedrock above or below the distributed optical fiber and used for receiving the control signal sent by the control unit, transmitting a radio frequency signal outwards and recording the initial position information of the dangerous rock in the area where the RFID electronic tag connected with the RFID reader is distributed.

Still further, the displacement monitoring module further comprises: the second wireless transmission module and the resolver;

the RFID reader is in electric signal connection with a second wireless transmission module, the second wireless transmission module is in wireless signal connection with the control module, and the resolver is in wired signal connection with the control module;

and the resolver is used for receiving the dangerous rock initial position data and the dangerous rock real-time position data monitored in real time and calculating the dangerous rock displacement for preliminarily judging the existence of the falling risk.

Furthermore, the specific process of calculating the displacement of the dangerous rock in the position area with the dangerous rock falling risk through the primary judgment by the resolver is as follows:

s1: collecting initial position information (x) of dangerous rock₁，y₁)；

S2: calculating the real-time distance d from the RFID electronic tag corresponding to the dangerous rock to the RFID reader according to the following formula;

RSSI＝-(A+10nlgd)

in the above formula:

RSSI-signal received strength, obtained by collecting the signal;

n-signal propagation factor;

a-a constant associated with the environment;

d is the real-time distance from the RFID electronic tag corresponding to the dangerous rock to the RFID reader;

s3: locating real-time location (x) of dangerous rock according to trilateration₂，y₂)；

S4: according to the initial position information (x) of the dangerous rocks₁，y₁) Real-time location (x) of dangerous rock₂，y₂) And calculating the displacement of the dangerous rock in the position area with the dangerous rock falling risk after preliminary judgment.

Further, the alarm module includes: the system comprises a short message unit, a power supply unit, a wireless alarm and a solar panel;

the short message unit is connected with the control module and used for editing corresponding alarm information after receiving the alarm control signal sent by the control module and sending the alarm information to the outside in a short message mode;

the solar panel, the power supply unit and the wireless alarm are sequentially connected with each other through electric signals;

and the audible and visual alarm is in signal connection with the control module and is used for sending out a warning signal after receiving the alarm control signal sent by the control module.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the monitoring and early warning system monitors the ultra-high and steep rock mass above the tunnel portal in a mode of combining a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing technology and a radio frequency identification technology, and realizes the integrated monitoring of acoustic wave, vibration and displacement.

2. The monitoring and early warning system adopts a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing technology to collect vibration and acoustic wave signals, has high precision and high response speed, can be positioned at the same time, and can carry out real-time quantitative monitoring on dangerous rock masses so as to reasonably predict the instability of the dangerous rock;

3. compared with the distributed optical fiber strain sensing technology, the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing technology adopted by the monitoring and early warning system is less influenced by the external temperature, a temperature compensator is not needed for temperature compensation, the cost is saved, and advanced calibration is not needed;

4. the monitoring and early warning system adopts a wireless radio frequency identification technology to monitor displacement in a non-contact way, belongs to non-visual communication, has strong penetrating power, can identify a plurality of RFID electronic tags by one RFID reader to realize multi-point simultaneous monitoring, simultaneously has small volume and easy fixation, is arranged on dangerous rock masses along the optical fiber, is tightly combined with the optical fiber, can be arranged in dangerous rock cracks to monitor the expansion condition of cracks in the dangerous rock so as to early warn the instability of the dangerous rock in advance, and can also be arranged on the surface of the dangerous rock masses to monitor the movement of the outer parts of the dangerous rock masses, track the dangerous rock masses and increase the arrangement points along with the development degree of the dangerous rock.

5. The monitoring and early warning system takes the optical fiber as a sensor, has wide monitoring range, saves cost, forms a zigzag optical fiber distribution form by continuous N-shaped arrangement, and furthest expands the monitoring range of the optical fiber;

6. the monitoring and early warning system analyzes the sound wave frequency and the vibration amplitude so as to preliminarily judge the stability of dangerous rocks, starts displacement monitoring by adopting a radio frequency technology at a position exceeding an amplitude threshold value, carries out auxiliary monitoring, eliminates the influence of external noise such as animals and the like, can realize accurate monitoring, avoids false alarm and realizes early warning before disasters;

7. the monitoring and early warning system and the method thereof have the advantages of full-process intelligent and automatic monitoring and labor cost saving.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a monitoring and early warning system for influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a monitoring and early warning system for influence of high-speed rail operation on ultra-high and steep dangerous rocks above a tunnel portal according to the invention;

in the figure:

1-a laser light source, 2-a first amplifier, 3-a circulator,

4-fiber, 5-second amplifier, 6-polarization controller,

7-coupler, 8-photodetector, 9-first wireless transmission module,

10-a monitoring processing host, 11-a control unit, 12-a second wireless transmission module,

13-RFID electronic tag, 14-RFID reader, 15-resolver,

16-a short message unit, 17-a power supply unit, 18-a wireless alarm,

19-stable bedrock, 20-dangerous rock, 21-crack,

22-solar panel.

Detailed Description

For clearly and completely describing the technical scheme and the specific working process thereof, the specific implementation mode of the invention is as follows by combining the attached drawings of the specification:

in the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

This embodiment discloses a monitoring and early warning system of high-speed railway operation to super high steep dangerous rock influence in tunnel portal top, as shown in fig. 1, monitoring and early warning system includes: the device comprises a vibration sound wave identification module, a control module, a displacement monitoring module and an alarm module; wherein: the vibration sound wave identification module adopts a distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing technology, utilizes reflected interference waves to monitor vibration and sound waves generated by instability or rupture of dangerous rocks, and simultaneously, the occurrence position of the event is positioned, the monitored vibration and sound wave signals are sent to the control module to provide basis for early warning of dangerous rock collapse, the control module analyzes the received vibration and sound wave signals, locking the position area exceeding the vibration and sound wave threshold value, starting a displacement monitoring module for auxiliary monitoring, tracking the dangerous rock mass in the locked area by the displacement monitoring module by adopting a radio frequency identification technology, realizing quantitative monitoring of the displacement amount of the dangerous rock mass, and identify cracks arranged in the locked area and RFID electronic tags placed on the surface of the dangerous rocks through an RFID reader, monitor the displacement inside and outside the dangerous rocks, and sending an alarm signal to an alarm module before the dangerous rock at the corresponding position exceeds the displacement threshold value and is unstable.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the vibration acoustic wave recognition module includes: the device comprises a laser light source 1, a first amplifier 2, a circulator 3, a distributed optical fiber 4, a second amplifier 5, a polarization controller 6, a coupler 7 and a photoelectric detector 8; wherein:

the laser light source 1 is connected with one end of the first amplifier 2 through an optical fiber, the laser light source 1 emits light pulses, and light pulse signals are amplified through the first amplifier 2;

the circulator 3 is provided with three ports, a first port of the circulator 3 is connected with the other end of the first amplifier 2 through optical fibers, a second port of the circulator 3 is directly connected with the distributed optical fiber 4 through a joint arranged at the port, and a third port of the circulator 3 is connected with one end of the second amplifier 5 through optical fibers; the circulator 3 sends the optical pulse signal amplified by the first amplifier 2 to the distributed optical fiber 4, the optical pulse signal is transmitted along the distributed optical fiber 4, the circulator 3 enables the amplified optical pulse signal to be transmitted in a single direction, the optical pulse signal is reflected at the tail end of the distributed optical fiber 4 to form an interference optical signal, the interference optical signal enters the second amplifier 5, and the second amplifier 5 amplifies the returned interference optical signal;

the distributed optical fiber 4 is used as a sensor and is arranged on the crack 21 of the dangerous rock 20 in a continuous N shape (namely a zigzag shape), and the distribution trend of the distributed optical fiber 4 is consistent with the trend of the crack 21 of the dangerous rock 20; the distributed optical fiber 4 is bonded on the surface of a rock body by adopting instant adhesive and cement and is used for transmitting light with a sensing signal, and the tail part of the distributed optical fiber 4 is knotted to eliminate a strong reflection signal.

The other end of the second amplifier 5 is sequentially connected with the polarization controller 6, the coupler 7 and the photoelectric detector 8 through optical fibers; wherein:

the polarization controller 6 is used for eliminating polarization fading and outputting polarized light;

the coupler is a 3 x 3 coupler;

the photoelectric detector 8 is used for converting an optical signal into an electric signal;

the vibration sound wave identification module collects optical signals of reaction sound waves and vibration through the distributed optical fibers 4 arranged on the cracks 21 of the dangerous rocks 20, converts the optical signals into the reaction sound waves and the vibration through the photoelectric detector 8, and can quantize, compare and analyze electric signals so as to be further analyzed and processed by the control module.

The vibration sound wave identification module is in signal connection with the control module through a first wireless transmission module 9.

The control module is a monitoring processing host 10 embedded with a control unit 11, and the monitoring processing host 10 is in signal connection with a photoelectric detector 8 of the vibration sound wave identification module through a first wireless transmission module 9 so as to receive sound waves and vibration signals monitored and output by the vibration sound wave identification module;

be equipped with analysis module in the monitoring host computer 10, analysis module embeds there is predetermined sound wave and vibration threshold value and corresponding comparison judgement logic, analysis module carries out the comparison with predetermined sound wave and vibration threshold value with the sound wave and the vibration signal of received vibration sound wave identification module monitoring, sound wave and vibration signal when monitoring surpass predetermined sound wave and vibration threshold value, the dangerous rock mass that preliminary judgement corresponded the position this moment has the risk of falling, and the preliminary judgement that analysis module locking corresponds has dangerous rock mass risk position region of falling, meanwhile, the control unit 11 of embedding in monitoring host computer 10 outwards sends control signal.

The displacement monitoring module includes: an RFID electronic tag 13, an RFID reader 14, a second wireless transmission module 12 and a resolver 15; wherein:

the RFID electronic tags 13 are passive electronic tags, a plurality of RFID electronic tags 13 are arranged, the RFID electronic tags 13 are arranged around the distributed optical fibers 4 along the distribution direction of the distributed optical fibers 4, and the RFID electronic tags 13 are fixed on the surfaces of the dangerous rocks 20 and the cracks 21 by rivets or screws and are used for monitoring the displacement of the dangerous rocks 20 and the expansion of the cracks 21;

a plurality of the RFID electronic tags 13 are arranged in groups, and each group of RFID electronic tags 13 is correspondingly connected to one RFID reader 14, that is: the displacement monitoring module comprises a plurality of RFID readers 14, each RFID reader 14 is correspondingly connected with a plurality of RFID electronic tags 13, and the RFID electronic tags 13 are in wireless signal connection with the RFID readers 14;

the RFID reader 14 is arranged on a stable bedrock 19 above or below the distributed optical fiber 4, and the RFID reader 14 is used for receiving a control signal sent by the control unit, transmitting a radio frequency signal outwards, and recording initial position information of dangerous rocks in an area where the RFID electronic tag 13 connected with the RFID reader is distributed;

the RFID reader 14 is in electric signal connection with a second wireless transmission module 12, the second wireless transmission module 12 is in wireless signal connection with the monitoring processing host 10, and the resolver 15 is in wired signal connection with the monitoring processing host 10;

as mentioned above, in the monitoring and processing host 10, when the monitored sound wave and vibration signal exceed the preset sound wave and vibration threshold, the dangerous rock body at the corresponding position is preliminarily judged to have the risk of falling, and the corresponding area where the dangerous rock body is preliminarily judged to have the risk of falling is locked by the analysis module, and meanwhile, the control unit 11 embedded in the monitoring and processing host 10 sends a control signal outwards; the control unit 11 sends a starting instruction control signal to the RFID reader 14 which is connected to the RFID electronic tag 13 distributed in the area where the dangerous rock mass falling risk is preliminarily determined, controls the corresponding RFID reader 14 to start, the RFID reader 14 transmits a radio frequency signal to the corresponding wirelessly connected RFID electronic tag 13, according to signal feedback of the RFID electronic tag 13, the RFID reader 14 records an initial position of the corresponding connected RFID electronic tag 13, and according to real-time signal feedback of the RFID electronic tag 13, acquires real-time position data of the RFID electronic tag 13 to realize accurate measurement of the real-time position of the RFID electronic tag 13, and the RFID reader 14 sends the recorded initial position signal of the corresponding connected RFID electronic tag 13 and the real-time position data of the corresponding connected RFID electronic tag 13 to the monitoring processing host 10 through the second wireless transmission module 12, the dangerous rock mass is transmitted to the resolver 15 through the monitoring and processing host 10 in a wired transmission mode, and the displacement of the dangerous rock mass 20 in the position area with the dangerous rock mass falling risk primarily judged is calculated through the resolver 15;

the specific process of calculating the displacement of the dangerous rock 20 in the position area with the dangerous rock falling risk through preliminary judgment by the resolver 15 is as follows:

s1: dangerous rock initial position information (x) in dangerous rock falling risk position area in initial judgment of collecting RFID reader record₁，y₁)；

S2: calculating and obtaining the real-time distance d from the RFID electronic tag corresponding to the dangerous rock in the position area with the dangerous rock falling risk after preliminary judgment to the RFID reader according to the following formula;

RSSI＝-(A+10nlgd)

in the above formula:

RSSI-signal received strength, obtained by collecting the signal;

n-signal propagation factor;

a-a constant associated with the environment;

and d, preliminarily judging the real-time distance from the RFID electronic tag corresponding to the dangerous rock in the dangerous rock falling risk position area to the RFID reader.

S3: positioning real-time position (x) of dangerous rock in position area with dangerous rock falling risk by primary judgment according to trilateration method₂，y₂)。

S4: according to the initial dangerous rock initial position information (x) in the dangerous rock falling risk position area acquired in the step S1₁，y₁) And the real-time position (x) of the dangerous rock in the position area with dangerous rock falling risk obtained by positioning in the step S3 and primarily judged to exist₂，y₂) And calculating the displacement of the dangerous rock in the position area with the dangerous rock falling risk after preliminary judgment.

Resolver 15 will calculate the displacement data who obtains and have dangerous rock mass to fall the dangerous rock mass and fall the regional dangerous rock of risk position and carry to monitoring processing host computer 10 through preliminary judgement, monitoring processing host computer 10's analysis module still embeds there is predetermined dangerous rock mass displacement threshold value and corresponding comparison judgement logic, through analysis module comparison processing back, the displacement that has dangerous rock mass to fall the regional dangerous rock mass of risk position through preliminary judgement that obtains surpasss predetermined dangerous rock displacement threshold value, then judges to exist dangerous rock mass to fall the dangerous rock mass in the risk position region and have dangerous rock mass risk of falling through preliminary judgement to outwards send alarm control signal through monitoring processing host computer 10.

The alarm module includes: the short message unit 16, the power supply unit 17, the wireless alarm 18 and the solar panel 22; wherein:

the short message unit 16 is connected with the monitoring processing host 10 through a serial port, and is used for editing corresponding alarm information after receiving an alarm control signal sent by the monitoring processing host 10, sending the alarm information to a manager or a driver in a form of a short message, and informing the manager or the driver of a dangerous situation in front of the manager or the driver;

the solar panel 22, the power supply unit 17 and the wireless alarm 18 are sequentially in electric signal connection, the solar panel 22 supplements electric energy for the power supply module 17, and the power supply module 17 supplies power for the audible and visual alarm 18;

the audible and visual alarm 18 is in signal connection with the monitoring processing host 10 and is used for sending an alarm signal to the outside in an audible and visual mode after receiving an alarm control signal sent by the monitoring processing host 10;

in addition, the audible and visual alarm 18 is arranged on one side of the opening of the mountain tunnel to realize field alarm.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.