阅读说明：本技术 一种移动式的热管反应堆防撞系统 (Movable heat pipe reactor anti-collision system ) 是由 周涛 唐剑宇 刘文斌 于 2021-08-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及一种移动式的热管反应堆防撞系统,在将热管反应堆运用于设计和建造可移动式核反应堆系统时,需更多考虑到在移动过程中撞击因素带来的安全隐患。防撞管的结构包括内管、外管及两管间的缓冲层；内管中填充有中子吸收材料,内管内壁与侧反射层外侧面之间形成中子吸收材料的流动区域。本申请的防撞系统通过在管内预装硼酸等中子吸收材料,确保在通过运输工具进行运输移动小型热管反应堆的过程中,特别是启动、刹车、或受到外界撞击、突发碰撞事故时,能及时阻止核辐射泄漏,从而保障人身、设备及环境安全。热管反应堆防撞系统可以适合于各类移动式乃至固定式核能系统,在边远地区、海岛、太空及军民融合等许多领域都可以得到重要应用。(The application relates to a movable heat pipe reactor anti-collision system, which needs to consider more potential safety hazards brought by impact factors in the moving process when a heat pipe reactor is applied to design and build a movable nuclear reactor system. The structure of the anti-collision pipe comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe and a buffer layer between the two pipes; the inner tube is filled with neutron absorption materials, and a flow area of the neutron absorption materials is formed between the inner wall of the inner tube and the outer side surface of the side reflection layer. The anti-collision system ensures that nuclear radiation leakage can be prevented in time when a transport tool is used for transporting and moving the small-sized heat pipe reactor, particularly starting and braking or being impacted by the outside and causing a sudden collision accident, through pre-installing the neutron absorbing materials such as boric acid in the pipe, thereby ensuring the personal safety, the equipment safety and the environmental safety. The heat pipe reactor anti-collision system can be suitable for various mobile or even fixed nuclear energy systems and can be applied to many fields such as remote areas, islands, outer spaces, military and civil integration and the like.)

1. The mobile heat pipe reactor anti-collision system is characterized in that the structure of the anti-collision pipe (10) comprises an inner pipe (6) and an outer pipe (2), outward extending parts (9) are arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the inner pipe (6), and the extending parts (9) are used for being connected with the outer wall of a heat pipe reactor (14); neutron absorption materials are filled in the inner pipe (6), and a flow area (5) of the neutron absorption materials is formed between the inner wall of the inner pipe (6) and the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor (14); the outer tube (2) is covered on the outer portion of the inner tube (6), a gap is formed between the inner wall of the outer tube (2) and the outer wall of the inner tube (6), the inner wall of the outer tube is filled with a buffer layer (4), and a reinforcing rib (3) is connected between the inner wall of the outer tube (2) and the outer wall of the inner tube (6).

2. The mobile heat pipe reactor collision avoidance system according to claim 1, wherein the collision avoidance pipe (10) is arranged in a spiral shape, an S-shape or a straight line shape and is arranged on the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor (14).

3. A mobile heat pipe reactor collision avoidance system according to claim 2, characterized in that the collision avoidance tubes (10) of each type of arrangement are equally spaced around the circumference of the heat pipe reactor (14), and one end of the inner tube (6) of each collision avoidance tube (10) merges into a main duct (15), said main duct (15) being connected to an external storage device for neutron absorbing material.

4. The mobile heat pipe reactor crash pipe system according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor (14) is a layer of lead shell (17) or steel plate material disposed at the outermost side of the side reflective layer (8), and the side reflective layer (8) is covered by a wrapping so as to reduce damage to the side reflective layer (8) upon impact.

5. The mobile heat pipe reactor collision avoidance system of claim 1, wherein the neutron absorbing material is a boric acid solution, europium hafnate or boron carbonate; the solubility of the boric acid solution is 3000 mu g/g-50000 mu g/g.

6. A mobile heat pipe reactor collision avoidance system according to claim 1, wherein the entire surface of the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor (14), and the entire surface of the outer wall of the outer pipe (2), is provided with a coating (1) of a flexible material.

7. The mobile heat pipe reactor anti-collision system according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing ribs (3) extend along the length direction of the pipe wall and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and each reinforcing rib (3) is provided with a plurality of small holes (16).

8. The mobile heat pipe reactor collision avoidance system of claim 1, wherein the inner pipe (6) is made of steel, metal matrix ceramic composite, titanium alloy or hastelloy; the outer tube (2) is made of foamed aluminum, a limit compression graphene material, cellulose nanofiber, a hydrogel composite material or alloy steel; the buffer layer (4) is made of sponge, carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber or ultra-strong polyethylene fiber.

9. The mobile heat pipe reactor collision avoidance system according to claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the casing structure in which the outer pipe (2) and the inner pipe (6) are connected is arc-shaped or square-shaped.

10. A mobile heat pipe reactor collision avoidance system according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the extension (9) is welded to the outside of the heat pipe reactor (14); the outer side of the extension part (9) is detachably connected with the outer tube (2) through a fastener.

Technical Field

The application belongs to the field of energy sources including the field of nuclear energy and the field of mechanical equipment, and relates to a movable heat pipe reactor anti-collision system.

Background

As a new reactor, the heat pipe reactor has good controllability, optimal thermal transient feedback performance, high reliability and minimum maintenance requirements, and is widely applied and researched in the aspects of space exploration, resource development and nuclear energy device miniaturization. Each heat pipe of the heat pipe reactor is independent, and meanwhile, the design has large heat transfer allowance, after one or more heat pipes are damaged, heat can be transmitted out of the reactor through the adjacent heat pipes, and the failure of a reactor system cannot be caused.

At present, the completion of the test of the Kilopower of the foreign small-sized space nuclear reactor shows that the application of the small-sized heat pipe reactor in aviation and ocean exploration is substantially progressed, while the domestic research on the heat pipe reactor is still in the initial stage, and the calculation of the operation parameters of the heat pipes of the space reactor, the numerical simulation of a heat pipe radiator for the space reactor and the like are completed. Furthermore, China also proposes a scheme of combining heat pipes with temperature difference power generation and aiming at obtaining a silent heat pipe reactor with simple structure, mobility and high reliability. Although the development of various reactors including the mobile reactor is in progress, the physical and thermal design of the core, material selection, self-safety characteristics and the like are mainly focused on. When the heat pipe reactor is applied to design and construction of such a movable nuclear reactor, damage to the reactor and the surrounding environment caused by external impact during transportation and movement of the reactor through a transportation tool, particularly during starting and braking, must be considered for system and environmental safety, and risk during disaster occurrence is reduced by anti-collision measures, but related research is lacked at present.

In the overall system of the mobile heat pipe reactor, not only the availability of system equipment but also the radiation characteristic of the reactor need to be considered, and it is necessary to design and add a heat pipe reactor collision avoidance system. The method has strong adaptability and convenient replacement, and can adopt various combination modes. Therefore, in the transportation and moving processes of the movable small heat pipe reactor, particularly in the special conditions of starting, braking and the like, the safety of a reactor system and the environment can be fully protected, and meanwhile, the durability and the economical practicability of the system can be improved.

Content of application

For providing collision avoidance to portable heat pipe reactor, the application provides a portable heat pipe reactor collision avoidance system, improves the crashworthiness and realizes the cooling and the prevention of leaking nuclear reactor when taking place to strike the damage simultaneously. When the movable heat pipe reactor is impacted in the moving and transporting processes, particularly in the starting and braking processes, the inner and outer anti-collision pipes, the inter-pipe buffer layer and the side reflecting layer lead shell can absorb most of the impact force so as to protect the side reflecting layer from being damaged. When the impact force is increased to destroy the side reflecting layer, the neutron absorbing material in the inner tube can flow into the reactor core in time to cool and terminate the reaction, and the nuclear leakage is prevented.

The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

a movable heat pipe reactor anti-collision system is characterized in that an anti-collision pipe structurally comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe, wherein outward extending parts are arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the inner pipe and connected with the outer wall of a heat pipe reactor; the inner tube is filled with neutron absorption materials, and a flow area of the neutron absorption materials is formed between the inner wall of the inner tube and the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor; the outer pipe cover is arranged outside the inner pipe, a gap is formed between the inner wall of the outer pipe and the outer wall of the inner pipe, the inner wall of the outer pipe is filled with a buffer layer, and a reinforcing rib is connected between the inner wall of the outer pipe and the outer wall of the inner pipe.

The further technical scheme is as follows:

the anti-collision pipe is arranged on the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor in a spiral shape, an S shape or a linear shape.

The utility model discloses a neutron absorbing material's of each type is arranged the form anticollision pipe and is the equidistant distribution along the circumference of heat pipe reactor, and the inner tube one end of each anticollision pipe intersects to a main pipeline, the main pipeline is connected with outside neutron absorbing material's storage device. Ensuring that sufficient neutron absorbing material flows into the core.

The outer wall of the heat pipe reactor is made of a lead shell or steel plate material arranged on the outermost side of the side reflecting layer, and the side reflecting layer is wrapped and covered so as to reduce damage to the side reflecting layer during impact.

The neutron absorption material adopts boric acid solution, europium hafnate or boron carbonate;

the solubility of the boric acid solution is 3000 mu g/g-50000 mu g/g, and nuclear leakage can be prevented when the reactor core is damaged.

The whole surface of the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor and the whole surface of the outer wall of the outer pipe are provided with flexible material coatings to absorb part of the impact force.

The strengthening rib extends along pipe wall length direction to along circumference evenly distributed, it has a plurality of apertures to open on every strengthening rib, strengthens local strength and prevents that the strengthening rib from damaging the inner tube after receiving external force impact deformation.

The inner pipe is made of steel, metal matrix ceramic composite material, titanium alloy or Hastelloy; the outer tube is made of foamed aluminum, a limit compression graphene material, cellulose nanofibers, a hydrogel composite material or alloy steel; the buffer layer is made of sponge, carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber or ultra-strong polyethylene fiber.

The cross section of the sleeve structure formed by connecting the outer pipe and the inner pipe is arc-shaped or square.

The inner side of the extension part is welded with the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor; the outer side of the extension part is detachably connected with the outer pipe through a fastener.

The beneficial effect of this application is as follows:

the utility model provides an anticollision system is through neutron absorbing material such as pre-installation boric acid in intraductal, guarantees in time to prevent nuclear radiation when the heat pipe reactor receives the striking and leaks, alleviates because of the leakage danger that the striking brought, and the effectual security performance who improves small-size heat pipe reactor ensures personal, equipment and environmental safety.

The anti-collision system is provided with a plurality of protective barriers, and the protective barriers comprise an outer pipe, an outer anti-collision coating of the outer pipe, an inner pipe, a buffer layer, reinforcing ribs and neutron absorption materials filled in the inner pipe; the outer pipe, the inner pipe and parts between the outer pipe and the inner pipe are used as physical barriers and can cope with impact forces with different strengths; the reinforcing ribs can absorb part of impact force through the small holes while improving the tensile strength, and the reinforcing ribs are prevented from being directly pressed into the inner pipe when being impacted by force, so that the influence on an internal anti-collision structure is reduced; the buffer layer can further absorb the impact force; the neutron absorption material filled in the inner tube is used as a chemical barrier and matched with the structure of a physical barrier, and when impact damage occurs, ordered and continuous flow to the inside of the reactor can be realized.

The anti-collision system is convenient to install, various in arrangement form and good in economical efficiency, and can meet the anti-collision protection arrangement requirements of various heat pipe reactors. The reactor can be used for various small nuclear reactors, particularly movable heat pipe reactors, which need to provide anti-collision protection, and can be widely applied to the wide fields of comprehensive energy system protection, space nuclear reactors, deep sea, movable type, military and civil integration and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cross section of a single crash tube in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a plurality of anti-collision tubes mounted on a heat pipe reactor according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a section a-a in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a partial connection structure of an inner tube and an outer tube according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In the figure: 1. a coating of a flexible material; 2. an outer tube; 3. reinforcing ribs; 4. a buffer layer; 5. a flow region; 6. an inner tube; 7. fixing the bolt; 8. a side reflective layer; 9. an extension portion; 10. an anti-collision tube; 11. controlling the rotary drum; 12. a heat pipe fuel element and a graphite grid region; 13. a safety bar; 14. a heat pipe reactor; 15. a main conduit; 16. a small hole; 17. and (4) a lead shell.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present application refers to the accompanying drawings.

In the mobile heat pipe reactor collision avoidance system of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the collision avoidance pipe 10 includes an inner pipe 6 and an outer pipe 2, and outward extending portions 9 are provided at two ends of the inner side of the inner pipe 6, and are connected to the outer wall of a heat pipe reactor 14; the inner tube 6 is filled with neutron absorption materials, and a flow area 5 of the neutron absorption materials is formed between the inner wall of the inner tube 6 and the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor 14;

the outer tube 2 covers the outside of locating inner tube 6, forms the clearance between 2 inner walls of outer tube and the 6 outer walls of inner tube, and its intussuseption is filled with buffer layer 4, and is connected with strengthening rib 3 between 2 inner walls of outer tube and the 6 outer walls of inner tube.

The internal structure of the heat pipe reactor 14 is shown in fig. 3, the side reflective layer 8 is arranged inside the heat pipe reactor 14 and close to the outer wall, and the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor 14 is made of a layer of lead shell 17 or steel plate material arranged on the outermost side of the side reflective layer 8. The side reflecting layer 8 is internally provided with a control rotary drum 11, a heat pipe fuel element and a safety rod 13 arranged at the center of a graphite grid region 12, and the reactor core contains a large amount of radioactive substances. When the movable heat pipe reactor is impacted in the moving and transporting processes, particularly in the starting and braking processes, the side reflecting layer 8 closest to the outer wall of the reactor 14 in the heat pipe reactor is wrapped and covered by a lead shell 17 or a steel plate material and the like, so that the side reflecting layer 8 is protected from being damaged, and the protection strength of a single shell structure is limited.

When the reactor core is damaged by impact, the leakage of nuclear radiation is prevented in the first time, the anti-collision system with the neutron absorption material of the embodiment can play a physical protection role through the structure among the outer pipe 2, the inner pipe 6 and the two pipes, and the buffer layer 4 among the inner pipe 6, the outer pipe 2 and the inner pipe and the outer pipe can absorb most of impact force so as to protect the side reflecting layer closest to the outer wall in the heat pipe reactor from being damaged.

When the impact force is increased to destroy the side reflecting layer 8, the neutron absorbing material in the inner pipe 6 can flow into the reactor core in time to cool and terminate the reaction, so that the nuclear leakage is prevented, and the chemical protection effect is achieved. Therefore, the life safety of people near the movable nuclear reactor is effectively protected, the pollution to the environment is greatly reduced, and the personal safety, the equipment safety and the environmental safety are guaranteed.

In practical application, the anti-collision pipe 10 is arranged on the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor 14 in a spiral shape, an S shape, or a linear shape according to the structure, specification and size of the heat pipe reactor 14 and practical requirements.

The anti-collision tubes 10 in various types of arrangement forms are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the heat pipe reactor, one end of each inner tube of each anti-collision tube 10 is intersected with a main pipeline 15, and the main pipeline 15 is connected with an external neutron absorption material storage device. Ensuring that sufficient neutron absorbing material flows into the core. The crash tubes 10 are in a linear arrangement as can be seen in fig. 2.

When the anti-collision pipes 10 are arranged in a linear or S shape, the distance between the adjacent pipes can be set to be 5cm-10 cm.

When the anti-collision pipe 10 is spirally arranged, the constant pitch range can be set to be 3cm-5 cm.

Wherein, the neutron absorption material adopts boric acid solution, europium hafnate or boron carbonate and the like.

Specifically, the solubility of the boric acid solution may be set to 3000. mu.g/g to 50000. mu.g/g.

The storage device of the neutron absorption material can adopt a boric acid solution storage tank and the like, and the inner tubes 6 are connected with an external storage tank, so that all the inner tubes 6 are filled with the boric acid solution. And when the leakage of the impact boric acid is suffered, the boric acid in the storage tank generates an outflow effect to continuously replenish the solution to the heat pipe reactor 14, thereby playing a role in stopping the reaction.

Wherein, a valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the inner tube 6 and the storage device of the neutron absorption material.

In the above embodiment, the ribs 3 extend along the length direction of the pipe wall and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, as shown in fig. 4, each rib 3 is provided with a plurality of small holes 16.

The reinforcing ribs 3 can stabilize and enhance the regional strength and the unit load capacity, and the deformation of the pipe is reduced as much as possible. Simultaneously, because general strengthening rib tensile strength is greater than yield strength, non-deformable, and the mode of punching on it makes it when facing the front impact, can absorb partial impact, strengthening rib 3 directly impresses inner tube 6 when preventing the atress from assaulting to reduce the influence to inside crashproof structure.

In the above embodiment, both sides of the reinforcing rib 3 are respectively connected to the inner tube 6 and the outer tube 2 vertically, so that the connection structure of the outer wall of the inner tube 6, the reinforcing rib 3 and the inner wall of the outer tube 2 is formed in an i shape as shown in fig. 4.

In the above embodiment, the entire surface of the outer wall of the outer tube 2, and the entire surface of the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor 14 are provided with the flexible material coating 1.

Wherein, the flexible material coating 1 can adopt polyurea anti-collision coatings such as flexible materials SPUA-601, SPUA-905 and the like, and the thickness can be set to be 2mm-4mm, so that the outer layer is ensured not to be cracked when the flexible material coating is impacted.

In the above embodiment, the inner tube 6 is made of steel, metal-based ceramic composite material, titanium alloy or Hastelloy; the outer tube 2 is made of foamed aluminum, extreme compression graphene materials, cellulose nanofibers, hydrogel composite materials or alloy steel and the like.

The steel material used for the inner tube 6 is preferably high-strength steel, such as 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, etc.

Wherein, the inner diameter of the inner tube 6 can be set to be 40mm-50mm, and the wall thickness can be set to be 2mm-4 mm; the inner diameter of the outer pipe 2 is larger than the outer diameter of the inner pipe 6, so that a gap for filling the buffer layer 4 is formed between the outer pipe and the inner pipe; the thickness of the reinforcing ribs 3 can be set to be 2mm-4 mm.

In the above embodiment, the cross section of the casing structure in which the outer pipe 2 and the inner pipe 6 are connected is square or arc (semicircular).

When the heat pipe reactor 14 is impacted during moving and transporting, particularly during starting and braking, the outer pipe 2 made of foamed aluminum, alloy steel and the like and the flexible material coating 1 form a first anti-collision barrier, and impact loads from all directions can be uniformly transmitted to the whole reactor shell.

In the above embodiment, the inner side of the extension portion 9 is welded to the outer wall of the heat pipe reactor 14. The outer side of the extension part 9 is detachably connected with the outer tube 2 through a fastener.

Wherein the outside of the extension 9 is detachably connected to the outer tube 2 by means of a fixing bolt 7 as shown in fig. 1. The outer pipe 2 is convenient to disassemble and replace, the material of the buffer layer 4 between the inner pipe and the outer pipe is replaced, and the inner pipe 6 is convenient to overhaul.

The extension part 9 of the inner pipe 6 can increase the contact area with the inner pipe 6 and improve the connection strength.

The buffer layer 4 is a buffer sponge layer or conventional fibers such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers and ultra-strong polyethylene fibers, and can absorb impact force to play a role in buffering and damping.

The inner tube 6 is a second impact resistant barrier, protected from damage to the side reflective layer 8 by high strength steel or titanium alloy tubing.

And a layer of lead shell 17 or steel plate material on the outermost side of the side-emitting layer 8 is a third anti-collision barrier to prevent the side reflecting layer 8 from being damaged.

When the inner and outer tubes and the lead shell 17 are all broken and damage the side reflective layer 8, the outer side coated with the flexible material coating 1 is less likely to be damaged, and therefore boric acid flows into the heat pipe fuel element and the graphite grid region 12 shown in fig. 3 toward the cracks on the side (inner side) close to the side reflective layer 8.

When the pipe is broken and the external boric acid storage tank is connected, the boric acid in the pipe flows into other areas and the pressure is reduced, and the valve is opened to enable more boric acid to flow into the heat pipe fuel element and the graphite grid area 12 so as to stop the reaction.

In addition, if the circular arc-shaped pipeline shown in fig. 4 is adopted, the contact area with the side reflecting layer can be increased, and the boric acid solution can be ensured to flow in time at the crack occurrence position.