阅读说明：本技术 微带贴片天线 (Microstrip patch antenna ) 是由 李艳 徐海鹏 齐望东 于 2021-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种微带贴片天线,包括主辐射单元和寄生辐射单元,主辐射单元包括第一介质基板和主辐射开缝贴片,主辐射开缝贴片位于第一介质基板上表面,主辐射开缝贴片内设有第一缝隙；寄生辐射单元位于主辐射单元上方,且与主辐射单元具有间距；寄生辐射单元包括第二介质基板和寄生辐射贴片,寄生辐射贴片位于第二介质基板上表面。本发明能够扩展微带贴片天线的相对带宽值。并且本发明中的微带贴片天线具有剖面低、面积小、结构简单、成本低等优点,适用于对天线一致性要求较高的阵列天线。(The invention relates to a microstrip patch antenna, which comprises a main radiation unit and a parasitic radiation unit, wherein the main radiation unit comprises a first medium substrate and a main radiation slotted patch, the main radiation slotted patch is positioned on the upper surface of the first medium substrate, and a first slot is arranged in the main radiation slotted patch; the parasitic radiation unit is positioned above the main radiation unit and has a distance with the main radiation unit; the parasitic radiation unit comprises a second dielectric substrate and a parasitic radiation patch, and the parasitic radiation patch is located on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate. The invention can expand the relative bandwidth value of the microstrip patch antenna. The microstrip patch antenna has the advantages of low section, small area, simple structure, low cost and the like, and is suitable for array antennas with higher requirement on antenna consistency.)

1. A microstrip patch antenna, comprising:

the main radiation unit comprises a first medium substrate and a main radiation slotted patch, the main radiation slotted patch is positioned on the upper surface of the first medium substrate, and a first gap is formed in the main radiation slotted patch;

the parasitic radiation unit is positioned above the main radiation unit and has a distance with the main radiation unit; the parasitic radiation unit comprises a second dielectric substrate and a parasitic radiation patch, and the parasitic radiation patch is located on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate.

2. The microstrip patch antenna of claim 1, wherein an outer edge of the first slot is spaced from an outer edge of the main radiating slotted patch.

3. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein a second slot is provided in the parasitic radiating patch.

4. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 3, wherein the shape of the main radiating slotted patch comprises a circle, a rectangle, or a trapezoid; the first gap comprises a cross-shaped gap or a straight-line-shaped gap; the parasitic radiation patch comprises a circular shape, a rectangular shape or a trapezoidal shape; the second gap comprises a cross-shaped gap or a straight-shaped gap.

5. The microstrip patch antenna of claim 3, wherein an outer edge of the second slot partially coincides with an outer edge of the parasitic radiating patch.

6. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 3, wherein the center of the main radiating slotted patch coincides with the center of the first slot; the center of the parasitic radiation patch is superposed with the center of the second gap; the center of the main radiation slotted patch corresponds to the center of the parasitic radiation patch up and down.

7. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 3, wherein the length of the first slot is 0.1 to 0.3 times the wavelength of the operating center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the first slot is 0.03 to 0.05 times the wavelength of the operating center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the length of the second gap is 0.1-0.3 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the second gap is 0.03-0.05 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna.

8. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the main radiating element is fixedly connected to the parasitic radiating element.

9. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the main radiating element further comprises a copper-clad layer on a lower surface of the first dielectric substrate.

10. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a connector fixed to the first dielectric substrate for directly feeding the main radiating element.

11. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 10, wherein the connector comprises an SMA connector having an inner core extending through the first dielectric substrate and connected to the main radiating slotted patch.

12. The microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the length of the main radiating element is 0.2-0.3 times the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the main radiating element is 0.2-0.3 times the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the length of the parasitic radiation unit is 0.2-0.4 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the parasitic radiation unit is 0.2-0.4 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna.

13. The microstrip patch antenna of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric substrate comprises a PCB board; the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate is 1.0-12.0, and the thickness of the first dielectric substrate is 0.005-0.03 times of the wavelength of a working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the second dielectric substrate comprises a PCB, the dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate is 1.0-12.0, and the thickness of the second dielectric substrate is 0.005-0.03 times of the wavelength of a working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a microstrip patch antenna.

Background

The antenna is an indispensable part of a wireless communication system, and is responsible for functions of receiving and transmitting signals of the whole system, and the performance of the antenna directly affects the performance of the whole communication system. For a wireless communication system, the amplitude radiation performance of an array antenna is mainly concerned, while for a positioning system based on an angle of arrival (AOA), the phase pattern of the array antenna is more concerned, and in order to improve the measurement accuracy, the phase direction finding method requires that the phase consistency of different array antennas needs to be kept consistent or fluctuate within a small range.

The microstrip antenna has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low profile, easy conformation, easy integration, low cost and suitability for batch production, has the advantages of diversified electrical properties and the like, and can improve the phase consistency of different array antennas, but the working mechanism of the microstrip antenna belongs to a resonant antenna, the existing microstrip antenna has the defect of narrow frequency band, the relative bandwidth of the existing microstrip antenna is only about 0.6-3%, and the application of the existing microstrip antenna is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, it is necessary to provide a microstrip patch antenna in order to solve the problem of narrow frequency band of the microstrip antenna.

The embodiment of the application provides a microstrip patch antenna, includes:

the main radiation unit comprises a first medium substrate and a main radiation slotted patch, the main radiation slotted patch is positioned on the upper surface of the first medium substrate, and a first gap is formed in the main radiation slotted patch;

the parasitic radiation unit is positioned above the main radiation unit and has a distance with the main radiation unit; the parasitic radiation unit comprises a second dielectric substrate and a parasitic radiation patch, and the parasitic radiation patch is located on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate.

In one embodiment, the outer edge of the first slot is spaced from the outer edge of the main radiating slotted patch.

In one embodiment, a second slot is provided in the parasitic radiating patch.

In one of the embodiments, the shape of the primary radiating slotted patch includes a circle, rectangle, or trapezoid; the first gap comprises a cross-shaped gap or a straight-line-shaped gap; the shape of the parasitic radiation patch comprises a circle, a rectangle or a trapezoid; the second slit comprises a cross slit or a straight slit.

In one embodiment, an outer edge of the second slot partially coincides with an outer edge of the parasitic radiating patch.

In one embodiment, the center of the primary radiating slotted patch coincides with the center of the first slot; the center of the parasitic radiation patch is superposed with the center of the second gap; the center of the main radiation slotted patch corresponds to the center of the parasitic radiation patch up and down.

In one embodiment, the length of the first slot is 0.1-0.3 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the first slot is 0.03-0.05 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the length of the second gap is 0.1-0.3 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the second gap is 0.03-0.05 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna.

In one embodiment, the main radiating element is fixedly connected with the parasitic radiating element.

In one embodiment, the main radiating element further comprises a copper-clad layer, and the copper-clad layer is located on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate.

In one embodiment, the microstrip patch antenna further comprises a connector fixed on the first dielectric substrate for directly feeding the main radiating element.

In one embodiment, the connector comprises an SMA connector having an inner core extending through the first dielectric substrate and connected to the primary radiating slotted patch.

In one embodiment, the length of the main radiation unit is 0.2-0.3 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the main radiation unit is 0.2-0.3 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the length of the parasitic radiation unit is 0.2-0.4 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the parasitic radiation unit is 0.2-0.4 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna.

In one embodiment, the first dielectric substrate comprises a PCB board; the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate is 1.0-12.0, and the thickness of the first dielectric substrate is 0.005-0.03 times of the wavelength of a working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the second dielectric substrate comprises a PCB, the dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate is 1.0-12.0, and the thickness of the second dielectric substrate is 0.005-0.03 times of the wavelength of a working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the invention can expand the relative bandwidth value of the microstrip patch antenna to 9% for example by arranging a slot in the main radiation slotted patch in the main radiation unit and adding a parasitic radiation unit above the main radiation unit. The microstrip patch antenna has the advantages of low section, small area, simple structure, low cost and the like, and is suitable for array antennas with higher requirement on antenna consistency.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a microstrip patch antenna provided by the present invention;

fig. 2 is a top view of a main radiating element in the microstrip patch antenna provided in the present invention;

fig. 3 is a top view of a parasitic radiation element in the microstrip patch antenna provided by the present invention;

fig. 4 is a perspective view of a main radiating element in the microstrip patch antenna provided by the present invention;

fig. 5 is a return loss characteristic simulation diagram of the microstrip patch antenna provided by the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a horizontal gain pattern of the microstrip patch antenna provided by the present invention at a frequency of 2.6 GHz; in fig. 6, the solid line represents a main polarization curve, and the broken line represents a cross polarization curve.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a main radiation unit; 101. a first dielectric substrate; 1011. a first connection hole; 1012. coating a copper layer; 102. a primary radiation slotted patch; 1021. a first slit; 1022. a small hole; 2. a parasitic radiation element; 201. a second dielectric substrate; 2011. a second connection hole; 202. a parasitic radiating patch; 2021. a second slit; 3. a connector; 301. an inner core.

Detailed Description

To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

In describing positional relationships, unless otherwise specified, when an element such as a layer, film or substrate is referred to as being "on" another layer, it can be directly on the other layer or intervening layers may also be present. Further, when a layer is referred to as being "under" another layer, it can be directly under, or one or more intervening layers may also be present. It will also be understood that when a layer is referred to as being "between" two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also be present.

Where the terms "comprising," "having," and "including" are used herein, another element may be added unless an explicit limitation is used, such as "only," "consisting of … …," etc. Unless mentioned to the contrary, terms in the singular may include the plural and are not to be construed as being one in number.

Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present application, a microstrip patch antenna is provided, including: the main radiating unit 1, the main radiating unit 1 includes a first dielectric substrate 101 and a main radiating slotted patch 102, the main radiating slotted patch 102 is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 101, and a first slot 1021 is arranged in the main radiating slotted patch 102; the parasitic radiation unit 2 is positioned above the main radiation unit 1, and the parasitic radiation unit 2 is spaced from the main radiation unit 1; the parasitic radiation unit 2 includes a second dielectric substrate 201 and a parasitic radiation patch 202, and the parasitic radiation patch 202 is located on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 201.

The microstrip patch antenna described above has the first slot 1021 in the main radiation slot patch 102, and the parasitic radiation unit 2 is provided above the main radiation unit 1, so that the relative bandwidth value of the microstrip patch antenna can be expanded, for example, to 9%. The microstrip patch antenna has the advantages of low section, small area, simple structure, low cost and the like.

In one embodiment, the main radiating element 1 is fixedly connected with the parasitic radiating element 2; specifically, the first dielectric substrate 101 may be provided with a first connection hole 1011, the second dielectric substrate 201 may be provided with a second connection hole 2011, the first connection hole 1011 on the first dielectric substrate 101 and the second connection hole 2011 on the second dielectric substrate 201 may be fixedly connected through a fastener, and the fastener may be a plastic fastener or a fastener made of other materials.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, main radiating slotted patch 102 may be circular in shape, without loss of generality, and main radiating slotted patch 102 may also be rectangular or trapezoidal in shape.

The first gap 1021 may be a cross-shaped gap, and the first gap 1021 may also be a straight-line-shaped gap or other gaps. When the first slit 1021 is a cross slit, the first slit 1021 has 4 sub slits, and the 4 sub slits have the same structure, wherein 2 sub slits are on the same straight line, and another 2 sub slits are on another straight line, and the two straight lines intersect with each other, specifically, the two straight lines may include, but are not limited to, perpendicular intersection; and a gap is formed between the two sub gaps which are positioned on the same straight line and are not communicated. The extending direction of the 2 straight lines can be parallel to the long side or the wide side of the main radiating unit 1; or may intersect both the long side and the wide side of the main radiating element 1, for example, 1 straight line may intersect the long side of the main radiating element 1 perpendicularly, and the other 1 straight line intersects the wide side of the main radiating element 1 perpendicularly; but also obliquely with both the long sides or the wide sides of the main radiating element 1.

In one embodiment, the outer edge of the first slot 1021 is spaced from the outer edge of the main radiating slotted patch 102.

Specifically, when the first slot 1021 is a cross-shaped slot, the outer edge of each sub-slot in the first slot 1021 is spaced from the outer edge of the main radiation slotted patch 102, i.e., the first slot 1021 does not extend to the outer edge of the main radiation slotted patch 102.

The outer edge of the first slot 1021 and the outer edge of the main radiating slotted patch 102 have a gap, which can improve the impedance matching characteristic of the main radiating unit 1, and is beneficial to further expanding the bandwidth of the antenna.

As an example, as shown in fig. 3, the shape of the parasitic radiation patch 202 may be a circle, without loss of generality, and the shape of the parasitic radiation patch 202 may also be a rectangle or a trapezoid.

A second slot 2021 is provided in parasitic radiating patch 202. The second gap 2021 may be a cross-shaped gap, and without loss of generality, the second gap 2021 may also be a straight-line-shaped gap or a gap with other structures; when the second gap 2021 is a cross-shaped gap, the second gap 2021 has 4 sub-gaps, and the structures of the 4 sub-gaps are the same, wherein 2 sub-gaps are on the same straight line, and the other 2 sub-gaps are on another straight line, and the two straight lines intersect with each other, specifically, the two straight lines may include, but are not limited to, perpendicular intersection; and a gap is formed between the two sub gaps which are positioned on the same straight line and are not communicated. The extension direction of the 2 straight lines can be parallel to the long side or the wide side of the parasitic radiation unit 2; or may intersect both the long side and the wide side of the parasitic radiation element 2, for example, 1 straight line may intersect the long side of the parasitic radiation element 2 perpendicularly, and the other 1 straight line intersects the wide side of the parasitic radiation element 2 perpendicularly; but also obliquely to both the long sides or the wide sides of the parasitic radiating element 2. By providing the second slot 2021 in the parasitic radiation patch 202, the size of the antenna can be reduced, and coupling between the array elements of the array antenna can be reduced.

In one of the embodiments, the outer edge of the second slot 2021 partially coincides with the outer edge of the parasitic radiating patch 202.

Specifically, when the second slot 2021 is a cross-shaped slot, an outer edge of each sub-slot in the second slot 2021 partially coincides with an outer edge of the parasitic radiation patch 202, respectively.

The partial coincidence of the outer edge of the second gap 2021 with the outer edge of the parasitic radiation patch 202 is advantageous to increase the current path of the parasitic radiation element 2. When the current path of the parasitic radiating element 2 is increased, the resonant frequency of the antenna is decreased, which is beneficial to reducing the size of the parasitic radiating element 2.

In one embodiment, the center of the main radiating slotted patch 102 coincides with the center of the first slot 1021; the center of the parasitic radiating patch 202 coincides with the center of the second slot 2021; the center of the main radiating slotted patch 102 corresponds up and down to the center of the parasitic radiating patch 202. Due to the design, the sizes of the main radiation unit 1 and the parasitic radiation unit 2 are reduced, and the effect of expanding the bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna is better.

In one embodiment, the length of the first gap 1021 is 0.1-0.3 times the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the first gap 1021 is 0.03-0.05 times the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the length of the second slot 2021 is 0.1-0.3 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the second slot 2021 is 0.03-0.05 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna.

Specifically, the length of the first slot 1021 is 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 times the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the first slot 1021 is 0.03, 0.04, or 0.05 times the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the length of the second slot 2021 is 0.1 times, 0.2 times, or 0.3 times, etc. of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the second slot 2021 is 0.03 times, 0.04 times, or 0.05 times, etc. of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the main radiating element 1 further includes a copper-clad layer 1012, and the copper-clad layer 1012 is located on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 101.

In one embodiment, the main radiating slotted patch 102 is formed by etching a copper foil covering the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 101, and the parasitic radiating patch 202 is formed by etching a copper foil covering the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 201.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the microstrip patch antenna further includes a connector 3, where the connector 3 is fixed on the first dielectric substrate 101 and is used for directly feeding the main radiating element 1, and the parasitic radiating element 2 is coupled and fed through the main radiating element 1.

In one embodiment, the connector 3 may be an SMA connector, and without loss of generality, the connector 3 may also be any other connector, and in a design in which the antenna is integrated with the radio frequency circuit. The inner core 301 of the SMA connector is connected to the main radiating slotted patch 102 through the first dielectric substrate 101. Specifically, the inner core 301 of the SMA connector penetrates through the small hole of the first dielectric substrate 101 and the small hole 1022 on the main radiation slotted patch to be connected with the main radiation slotted patch 102.

In one embodiment, the length of the main radiation unit 1 is 0.2-0.3 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the main radiation unit 1 is 0.2-0.3 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the length of the parasitic radiation unit 2 is 0.2-0.4 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the parasitic radiation unit 2 is 0.2-0.4 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna.

Specifically, the length of the main radiation unit 1 is 0.2 times, 0.25 times or 0.3 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the main radiation unit 1 is 0.2 times, 0.25 times or 0.3 times of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the length of the parasitic radiation unit 2 is 0.2 times, 0.3 times or 0.4 times of the wavelength of the working central frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna, and the width of the parasitic radiation unit 2 is 0.2 times, 0.3 times or 0.4 times of the wavelength of the working central frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna.

In one embodiment, the first dielectric substrate 101 comprises a PCB board; the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate 101 is 1.0-12.0, and the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 101 is 0.005-0.03 times of the wavelength of a working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the second dielectric substrate 201 comprises a PCB, the dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate 201 is 1.0-12.0, and the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 201 is 0.005-0.03 times of the wavelength of a working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna. The dielectric constants of the first dielectric substrate 101 and the second dielectric substrate 201 are uniform, that is, the dielectric constants of all parts of the first dielectric substrate 101 are the same, and the dielectric constants of all parts of the second dielectric substrate 201 are the same; the thicknesses of the first dielectric substrate 101 and the second dielectric substrate 201 at different positions are substantially the same, that is, the thicknesses of the first dielectric substrate 101 are substantially the same at different positions, and the thicknesses of the second dielectric substrate 201 are substantially the same at different positions.

Specifically, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate 101 is 1.0, 4.0, 7.0, 10.0, 12.0, or the like, and the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 101 is 0.005 times, 0.01 times, 0.02 times, 0.03 times, or the like of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna; the dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate 201 is 1.0, 4.0, 7.0, 10.0 or 12.0, etc., and the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 201 is 0.005 times, 0.01 times, 0.02 times or 0.03 times, etc., of the wavelength of the working center frequency point of the microstrip patch antenna.

Please refer to fig. 5, which is a simulation diagram of return loss characteristics of the microstrip patch antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the ordinate is the S11 parameter, the S11 parameter refers to the input reflection coefficient, and the value of the S11 parameter is the inverse number of the return loss value. The frequency bandwidth of the S11 parameter value not more than-10 dB is 2.48 GHz-2.71 GHz, the absolute bandwidth of the frequency band reaches 230MHz, and the central frequency point is 2.6 GHz. The relative bandwidth of the central frequency point reaches 9 percent and is about 3 percent higher than that of the common single-layer microstrip patch antenna.

Please refer to fig. 6, which is a horizontal gain pattern of the microstrip patch antenna at a frequency of 2.6GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the gain value reaches 7.86dBi, the axial cross polarization ratio of the microstrip patch antenna is greater than 45dB, and the cross polarization ratio is greater than 30dB within ± 60 °.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.