阅读说明：本技术 用于改变牙齿的方法和组合物 (Methods and compositions for modifying teeth ) 是由 梁虹 陈延 B·西蒙 L·欧普曼 于 2020-02-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开的实施方式涉及通过向牙齿施加物体来改变牙齿的方法,其中,所述物体包括从物体释放至牙齿上的组合物,并且该组合物对牙齿具有改变作用,例如牙齿美白、牙齿修复、牙齿保养或其组合。本公开的其它实施方式涉及本公开的物体。本公开的物体可以是可咀嚼形式,例如咀嚼玩具或口香糖形式。本公开的物体也可以是能够通过摩擦或刷洗进行局部施加的形式。本公开的物体还可包括第二组合物,所述第二组合物具有除改变牙齿作用之外的作用,例如引诱咀嚼该物体。(Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of modifying teeth by applying an object to the teeth, wherein the object includes a composition that is released from the object onto the teeth and has a modifying effect on the teeth, such as tooth whitening, tooth restoration, tooth maintenance, or a combination thereof. Other embodiments of the present disclosure relate to objects of the present disclosure. The objects of the present disclosure may be in a chewable form, such as a chew toy or chewing gum form. The objects of the present disclosure may also be in a form that can be topically applied by friction or brushing. The objects of the present disclosure may also include a second composition that has an effect other than a tooth-altering effect, such as to entice chewing of the object.)

1. A method of modifying teeth, the method comprising:

applying an object to a tooth, wherein the object comprises a composition;

wherein the composition is released from the object to the teeth; and is

The composition has an altering effect on the teeth,

wherein the altering is selected from: tooth whitening, tooth restoration, tooth maintenance, or a combination thereof.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the object is selected from a porous material, wood, fabric, a chewable object, a chew toy, rubber, an object capable of being topically applied by friction or brushing, a paste, a liquid, a mouthwash, or a combination thereof.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the object is in chewable form.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the object is in the form of a chew toy.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the object is in the form of chewing gum.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the object is in a form that can be topically applied by friction or brushing.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of: a composition having a tooth whitening effect, a composition having a tooth restoration effect, a composition having a tooth maintenance effect, or a combination thereof.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, fluoride-containing materials, phosphorous-containing materials, calcium phosphate, zirconium phosphate (ZrP), alpha-zirconium phosphate, gamma-zirconium phosphate, titanium phosphate, gamma-titanium phosphate, iron oxide, zirconium dioxide, Hydroxyapatite (HAP), kaolinite, bentonite, gold, silver, silicon dioxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium aluminate, boron carbide, silicon nitride, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc chloride, sodium fluoride, hydrated salts thereof, amine intercalation materials thereof, or combinations thereof.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic to inorganic mass ratio in the composition is from about 0.1:1 to about 0.1: 100.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic to inorganic mass ratio in the composition is from about 0.1:1 to about 1: 2.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises an amine-intercalated zirconium phosphate.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the amine comprises an amine-based polymer.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the amine-based polymer is selected from the group consisting of: polyetheramine, givramine M600, or combinations thereof.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is in particulate form.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of: calcium phosphate particles, zirconium dioxide particles, hydroxyapatite particles, kaolinite particles, bentonite particles, chloromagnesite particles, gold particles, silver particles, silica particles, cerium oxide particles, aluminum oxide particles, zirconium oxide particles, calcium aluminate particles, boron carbide particles, silicon nitride particles, iron oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, zinc chloride particles, sodium fluoride particles, zirconium phosphate particles, titanium phosphate particles, hydrated salts thereof, or combinations thereof.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the particles comprise amine-intercalated zirconium phosphate particles.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the particles are functionalized with a functionalizing agent.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the functionalizing agent is an organic molecule.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the organic molecule is selected from the group consisting of: a polymer, an amine-based polymer, polyethylene glycol, a surfactant, erythritol, sorbitol, glycerin, a fragrance, triclosan, sodium lauryl sulfate, or a combination thereof.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the functionalizing agent is a surfactant.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein the object comprises a second composition, wherein the second composition has an effect other than a tooth-altering effect.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the second composition is capable of attracting chewing of the object.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the second composition is selected from the group consisting of: flavors, colors, texturizers, admixtures, or combinations thereof.

24. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying comprises chewing the object, rubbing the object onto the teeth, brushing the object onto the teeth, rinsing the teeth with the object, or a combination thereof.

25. The method of claim 1, wherein said applying comprises chewing the object, wherein the composition is released onto the teeth while chewing the object.

26. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying comprises rubbing or brushing the object onto the teeth, wherein the composition is released onto the teeth when the object is rubbed or brushed onto the teeth.

27. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition forms a solid film on the tooth surface.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the thin film has a thickness of 100nm to 5 μ ι η.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the film is in the form of a friction film on the tooth surface.

30. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification comprises dental care, wherein the dental care comprises preventing cracks, improving surface integrity, preventing dental damage, providing antimicrobial properties, or a combination thereof.

31. The method of claim 1, wherein the alteration comprises a dental restoration, wherein the dental restoration comprises filling a crack, tooth restoration, or a combination thereof.

32. The method of claim 1, wherein the modifying comprises tooth whitening.

33. The method of claim 1, wherein the object is applied to a tooth of a subject.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the subject is selected from the group consisting of: dog, cat, rat, gerbil, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit, human, or combinations thereof.

35. An object comprising a composition of matter comprising a polymer,

wherein the composition is released from the object onto the teeth; and is

The composition has an altering effect on the teeth,

wherein the altering is selected from: tooth whitening, tooth restoration, tooth maintenance, or a combination thereof.

36. The object according to claim 35, wherein the object is selected from a porous material, wood, fabric, a chewable object, a chew toy, rubber, an object capable of being topically applied by friction or brushing, a paste, a liquid, a mouthwash, or a combination thereof.

37. The object of claim 35, wherein the object is in chewable form.

38. The object of claim 37, wherein the object is in the form of a chew toy.

39. The object according to claim 37, wherein the object is in the form of chewing gum.

40. An object according to claim 35, wherein the object is in a form that can be applied topically by friction or brushing.

41. The object according to claim 35, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of: a composition having a tooth whitening effect, a composition having a tooth restoration effect, a composition having a tooth maintenance effect, or a combination thereof.

42. The object according to claim 35, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, fluoride-containing materials, phosphorous-containing materials, calcium phosphate, zirconium phosphate (ZrP), alpha-zirconium phosphate, gamma-zirconium phosphate, titanium phosphate, gamma-titanium phosphate, iron oxide, zirconium dioxide, Hydroxyapatite (HAP), kaolinite, bentonite, gold, silver, silicon dioxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium aluminate, boron carbide, silicon nitride, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc chloride, sodium fluoride, hydrated salts thereof, amine intercalation materials thereof, or combinations thereof.

43. The object according to claim 35, wherein the composition has an organic to inorganic mass ratio of about 0.1:1 to about 0.1: 100.

44. The object according to claim 35, wherein the composition has an organic to inorganic mass ratio of about 0.1:1 to about 1: 2.

45. The object of claim 35, wherein the composition comprises an amine-intercalated zirconium phosphate.

46. The object of claim 45, wherein the amine comprises an amine-based polymer.

47. The object according to claim 45, wherein the amine-based polymer is selected from the group consisting of: polyetheramine, givramine M600, or combinations thereof.

48. The object according to claim 35, wherein the composition is in the form of particles.

49. The object of claim 48, wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of: calcium phosphate particles, zirconium dioxide particles, hydroxyapatite particles, kaolinite particles, bentonite particles, chloromagnesite particles, gold particles, silver particles, silica particles, cerium oxide particles, aluminum oxide particles, zirconium oxide particles, calcium aluminate particles, boron carbide particles, silicon nitride particles, iron oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, zinc chloride particles, sodium fluoride particles, zirconium phosphate particles, titanium phosphate particles, hydrated salts thereof, or combinations thereof.

50. The object of claim 48, wherein the particles comprise amine-intercalated zirconium phosphate particles.

51. The object of claim 48, wherein the particles are functionalized with a functionalizing agent.

52. The object of claim 48, wherein the functionalizing agent is an organic molecule.

53. The object according to claim 48, wherein the organic molecule is selected from the group consisting of: a polymer, an amine-based polymer, polyethylene glycol, a surfactant, erythritol, sorbitol, glycerin, a fragrance, triclosan, sodium lauryl sulfate, or a combination thereof.

54. The object according to claim 35, wherein the object comprises a second composition, wherein the second composition has an effect other than a tooth-altering effect.

55. The object of claim 54, wherein the second composition is capable of attracting chewing of the object.

56. The object according to claim 54, wherein the second composition is selected from the group consisting of: flavors, colors, texturizers, admixtures, or combinations thereof.

Background

Conventional methods of tooth restoration have many limitations. For example, many animal dental restoration procedures involve expensive, stressful, and dangerous surgical procedures. Other dental restorative procedures require biomineralization and remineralization, which takes a long time to become effective. Methods of addressing tooth discoloration also have many limitations, such as potential damage to enamel. Therefore, alternative materials and methods are needed to restore and whiten teeth. Many embodiments of the present disclosure address the above-mentioned needs.

SUMMARY

In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to methods of modifying teeth. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure are performed by applying an object to the teeth, the object comprising a composition released from the object onto the teeth. The composition has an effect of modifying teeth, for example, tooth whitening, tooth restoration, tooth maintenance, or a combination thereof. Other embodiments of the present disclosure relate to objects of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the objects of the present disclosure are in a chewable form, such as a chew toy or chewing gum form. In some embodiments, the objects of the present disclosure are in a form that can be topically applied by friction or brushing.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to: a composition having a tooth whitening effect, a composition having a tooth restoration effect, a composition having a tooth maintenance effect, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure include amine-intercalated zirconium phosphate (amine-intercalated zirconium phosphate). In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are in particulate form, for example, amine intercalated zirconium phosphate particles.

In some embodiments, the objects of the present disclosure further comprise a second composition having an effect other than a tooth-altering effect. For example, in some embodiments, the second composition is capable of attracting chewing of the object. In some embodiments, the second composition includes, but is not limited to: a flavor, a colorant, a texturing agent (a texturing agent), a mixer (mixer), or a combination thereof.

The objects of the present disclosure may be applied to teeth in various ways. For example, in some embodiments, methods of application include, but are not limited to: chewing an object, rubbing an object onto the teeth, brushing an object onto the teeth, rinsing the teeth with the object, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the method of application comprises chewing the object in a manner such that the composition is released onto the teeth as the object is chewed. In some embodiments, the method of application comprises rubbing or brushing the object onto the teeth in a manner that will release the composition onto the teeth when the object is rubbed or brushed on the teeth.

In some embodiments, the composition forms a solid film on the tooth surface. In some embodiments, the thin film has a thickness of 100nm to 5 μm. In some embodiments, the film is in the form of a friction film (tribofilm) on the surface of the tooth.

The methods and objects of the present disclosure can produce various modifying effects on teeth. For example, in some embodiments, the modifying effect comprises dental maintenance, e.g., preventing cracks, improving surface integrity, preventing damage to teeth, providing antimicrobial properties, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the altering comprises: dental restoration, for example, filling cracks, tooth restoration (tooth restoration), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the modifying effect comprises tooth whitening.

The methods of the present disclosure may be used to apply the objects of the present disclosure to the teeth of various subjects. For example, in some embodiments, the objects include, but are not limited to: dog, cat, rat, gerbil, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit, human, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the subject comprises a dog. In some embodiments, the subject comprises a human.

Drawings

FIG. 1A shows a method of modifying teeth.

FIG. 1B shows an object used to alter teeth.

Fig. 2 provides an image summarizing the frictional chewing process. Two types of dog teeth were used in the device: "disc" teeth ("disc" teeth) and "pin" teeth ("pin" teeth). The "disc" teeth were sealed with epoxy (dashed blocks) and the surface enamel (enamel) polished. The "pin" teeth press downward and rub against the "disc" teeth in a reciprocating motion. The grey material indicates the location of the repair agent.

Fig. 3 shows the x-ray mass attenuation coefficient for Zr. The data used in this graph was collected from the National Institute of Standards and Technology database (NIST).

Figure 4 shows an interferometric image of the traces of enamel abrasion resulting from a simulated food rubbing chewing process (bone mill). The scale bar is 100 μm.

Fig. 5 shows an interferometric image of the enamel surface after a rubbing chewing process with a restorative, including S0 (fig. 5A), S2.5 (fig. 5B), S5 (fig. 5C), and S10 (fig. 5D).

Fig. 6 shows Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) height maps (fig. 6A and 6C) and phase maps (fig. 6B and 6D) of tribofilms generated with S0 (fig. 6A and 6B) and S5 (fig. 6C and 6D). The color bar units in fig. 6A and 6C are nm, and the color bar units in fig. 6B and 6D are mV.

Fig. 7 shows raman spectra collected from the enamel surface and the tribofilm generated by S0 and S5. Two peaks are from phosphate groups.

Fig. 8 shows a three-dimensional effect of the pin teeth after the frictional chewing process using the repairing agent S5. The Zr element distribution calculated according to the dual energy k-edge technique (dual energy k-edge technique) is rendered gold. Fig. 8A shows the cusp of the tooth. FIG. 8B shows a cross-sectional effect diagram showing the entry of a healing agent into a surface crack. The length of the scale bar is 4 μm.

Fig. 9 shows the scratch test result of the rubbing film produced at S5. The red part is the rubbing film. After scratching, a portion of the pellicle remained, and a deep trough formed in the enamel substrate.

Fig. 10 illustrates a repaired canine tooth according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

Fig. 11 shows an image of the morphology of the canine teeth after the restoration.

Fig. 12 shows the generation of a prosthetic film on the canine teeth.

Fig. 13 shows the curves of the canine teeth.

Fig. 14 shows that scraping does not remove the film from the teeth.

Figure 15 shows the creation of a prosthetic film on a human tooth.

Fig. 16 shows the area covered by the film.

Fig. 17 shows that scraping does not remove the film from the teeth.

Fig. 18 shows a film image built on a tooth.

Figure 19 shows a proposed material with better wear resistance and hardness (the chart is adapted from the material choice in the mechanical design, 3 rd edition, Michael f.

Fig. 20 illustrates human tooth whitening according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

Fig. 21 shows a comparison of whitened teeth and a standard whitening table. The teeth in the glass tube are whitened by friction.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the subject matter claimed. In this application, the use of the singular includes the plural, the words "a" or "an" mean "at least one" and the use of the word "or" means "and/or" unless specifically stated otherwise. Furthermore, the use of the term "including" as well as other forms, such as "includes" and "including," is not limiting. Meanwhile, unless specifically stated otherwise, terms such as "element" or "component" include an element or component of one unit and an element or component including more than one unit.

The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described. All documents, or portions of documents, cited in this application, including but not limited to patents, patent applications, articles, books, and treaties, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for any purpose. The definition of a term in one or more of the incorporated documents and similar materials is to be contrasted with the definition of that term in the present application, which controls the present application.

Enamel is the hardest, most dense structure in the body. Tooth enamel is capable of grinding food prior to swallowing it, protecting the interior of the teeth from normal oral bacteria and other harmful oral substances.

Dental damage is a major health threat and may deteriorate quality of life. In extreme cases, tooth damage can be life threatening. Although teeth are the hardest tissues of the body, they are still subject to mechanical wear and acid erosion. Untreated, these lesions may lead to tooth loss or infection.

Furthermore, when the enamel layer is removed, sensitive dentin is exposed to environmental factors. This in turn can lead to toothache and infection.

Reasons for dentin exposure or enamel layer rupture include, but are not limited to: trauma, periapical inflammation, dysplasia of enamel, dysplasia (dysplasia), hypermineralization, genetic diseases (such as incomplete starch formation or incomplete dentinal development) or dental diseases. In fact, dental disease has been a ubiquitous disease in dogs and cats.

In animals such as dogs, extensive chewing is closely associated with dental damage. In fact, dogs have a much thinner enamel layer than humans and are therefore more prone to excessive wear. This wear in turn can result in exposure of dentin and pulp, causing pain. For example, american pet owners report that the process of correcting teeth is very painful, and that about 92% of the cases require administration of pain killers.

Conventional dental restoration procedures involve surgery to apply a restorative material. However, this procedure can be costly and stressful. In addition, the restorative material may cause occlusal wear of the treated teeth.

In addition, general anesthesia is often required for dental restoration or repair of damaged enamel in veterinary medicine. However, administration of general anesthesia can subject the animal to anesthesia-related deaths, causing emotional and economic problems for the owner of the animal.

An alternative to the currently used process of tooth restoration is remineralization of damaged enamel. In particular, the biomineralization process is used to apply hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to teeth and form hard enamel tissue in vitro or in vivo. Other remineralizing precursors include casein phosphopeptide stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride containing amelogenin and Hydroxyapatite (HAP) containing polydopamine. Unlike conventional dental treatments, the above-described method can restore teeth with almost the same material as the teeth themselves.

However, the biomineralization and remineralization processes take a long time to be effective. This presents a significant challenge for clinical application of this extended procedure, as it is often not matched to the rate of tooth wear. Furthermore, many materials used in biomineralization and remineralization processes are not resistant to high bite forces, especially when chewing hard materials.

Another problem associated with teeth is tooth discoloration. Dentists and individuals use a number of materials and methods to whiten teeth. However, many of the above materials and methods are detrimental to enamel and tooth health. Adverse reactions associated with these materials and methods include: tooth sensitivity, gingival or mucosal irritation, enamel or dentin oxidation, restorative material destruction, reduced shear and tensile bond strength, localized inflammation, and tooth sensitivity (tooth sensitivity).

Therefore, alternative materials and methods are needed to restore and whiten teeth. Many embodiments of the present disclosure address the above-mentioned needs.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to methods of modifying teeth. In some embodiments illustrated in fig. 1A, the methods of the present disclosure comprise: an object is applied to the teeth, the object comprising a tooth-altering composition (step 10). The composition is then released from the object onto the teeth (step 12). The composition may have various tooth-altering effects including: tooth whitening (step 16), tooth restoration (step 17), and tooth maintenance (step 18).

Other embodiments of the present disclosure relate to objects comprising a tooth-altering composition. In some embodiments, shown in fig. 1B, an object of the present disclosure comprises: an object 20 comprising a tooth-altering composition 22, the composition being released from the object 20 onto the teeth. The composition 22 may have various dental modifying effects including: tooth whitening, tooth restoration and tooth maintenance.

As set forth in greater detail herein, the methods and objects of the present disclosure can have many embodiments. In particular, various objects and various compositions can be applied to various teeth in various ways to have various tooth-modifying effects.

Object

In the present disclosure, an object generally refers to a material that can carry and release the composition of the present disclosure onto teeth. The object of the present disclosure may be in various forms. For example, in some embodiments, objects of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to: porous materials, wood, fabrics, chewable objects, chew toys, rubber, objects capable of being topically applied by friction or brushing, pastes, liquids, rinses, or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the objects of the present disclosure are in chewable form. For example, in some embodiments, the objects of the present disclosure are in the form of chew toys. In a more specific embodiment, the objects of the present disclosure are in the form of chew toys that can assist dogs, cats and other mammals in altering teeth through chewing. In some embodiments, the chew toy is similar to standard chew toys of today except that it comprises a composition of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a chew toy is coated with or made from a composition of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the chew toy is a three-dimensional (3D) printed chew toy.

In some embodiments, the objects of the present disclosure are in the form of rubber (gum). In a more specific embodiment, the object of the present disclosure is in the form of a chewing gum that can assist a person in altering teeth by chewing. In some embodiments, the chewing gum is similar to standard chewing gum today except that it comprises the composition of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the chewing gum is coated with or made from a composition of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the objects of the present disclosure are in a form that can be topically applied by friction or brushing. For example, in some embodiments, the objects of the present disclosure are in the form of a toothpaste that can be applied to the teeth to assist a person or other animal in altering the teeth. In some embodiments, the toothpaste is similar to a standard toothpaste today except that it comprises the composition of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the toothpaste is coated with or made from a composition of the present disclosure.

Composition comprising a metal oxide and a metal oxide

The objects of the present disclosure may comprise various compositions. For example, in some embodiments, suitable compositions may comprise compositions having a tooth-altering effect. In some embodiments, the composition includes, but is not limited to: a composition having a tooth whitening effect, a composition having a tooth restoration effect, a composition having a tooth maintenance effect, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to: hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, fluoride-containing materials, phosphorous-containing materials, calcium phosphate, zirconium phosphate (ZrP), alpha-zirconium phosphate, gamma-zirconium phosphate, titanium phosphate, gamma-titanium phosphate, iron oxide, zirconium dioxide, Hydroxyapatite (HAP), kaolinite, bentonite, gold, silver, silicon dioxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium aluminate, boron carbide, silicon nitride, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc chloride, sodium fluoride, hydrated salts thereof, amine-intercalated materials thereof, or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure comprise an amine-intercalated zirconium phosphate. In some embodiments, the amine is an amine-based polymer. In some embodiments, amine-based polymers include, but are not limited to: polyetheramines, givriamines (Jeffamines), givriamines M600, or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure comprise amine-intercalated zirconium phosphate and zirconium dioxide. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure comprise amine-intercalated zirconium phosphate, zirconium dioxide, and calcium phosphate. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure comprise zirconium dioxide in a concentration of up to 40 composition weight percent.

The compositions of the present disclosure may comprise various organic and inorganic materials in various mass ratios. For example, in some embodiments, the composition of the present disclosure has an organic to inorganic mass ratio of about 0.1:1 to about 0.1: 100. In some embodiments, the composition of the present disclosure has an organic to inorganic mass ratio of about 0.1:1 to about 1: 2. In some embodiments, the composition of the present disclosure has an organic to inorganic mass ratio of about 1: 2.

In some embodiments, the composition of the present disclosure has an organic to inorganic mass ratio of about 0.1:100 to about 1: 1. In some embodiments, the composition of the present disclosure has an organic to inorganic mass ratio of about 0.1: 100. In some embodiments, the composition of the present disclosure has an organic to inorganic mass ratio of about 1: 1. In some embodiments, the composition of the present disclosure has an organic to inorganic mass ratio of about 4: 1.

The compositions of the present disclosure may be in various forms. For example, in some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of particles, sheets, layered structures, or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are in particulate form. In some embodiments, the particles have a diameter of about 100nm to about 5 μm. In some embodiments, the particles have a diameter of about 100nm to about 1 μm. In some embodiments, the particles are about 1 μm in diameter.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are in particulate form, including but not limited to: calcium phosphate particles, zirconium dioxide particles, hydroxyapatite particles, kaolinite particles, bentonite particles, chloromagnite (cloisite) particles, gold particles, silver particles, silica particles, cerium oxide particles, aluminum oxide particles, zirconium oxide particles, calcium aluminate particles, boron carbide particles, silicon nitride particles, iron oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, zinc chloride particles, sodium fluoride particles, zirconium phosphate particles (e.g., amine-intercalated zirconium phosphate particles), titanium phosphate particles, hydrated salts thereof, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are in the form of zirconium phosphate particles.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are in the form of hydroxyapatite and gemfibrozil M600 intercalated zirconium phosphate particles. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of hydroxyapatite to gemfibrozil M600 intercalated zirconium phosphate particles is from about 0:1 to about 1: 1. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of hydroxyapatite to gemfibrozil M600 intercalated zirconium phosphate particles is 0:1, 0.25:1, 0.5:1, or 1: 1.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are in the form of hydroxyapatite and amine intercalated zirconium phosphate particles. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are in the form of titanium phosphate particles. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are in the form of zirconium dioxide and amine intercalated zirconium phosphate particles.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are in an encapsulated form. In some embodiments, the encapsulated form includes, but is not limited to, a soluble nanosphere, a microsphere, a capsule, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are in the form of a layered structure. In some embodiments, the layered structure comprises from about 2 to about 20 layers. In some embodiments, the layered structure comprises from about 2 to about 10 layers. In some embodiments, the layers in the layered structure are held together by at least van der waals forces.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are functionalized with a functionalizing agent. In some embodiments, the functionalizing agent is an organic molecule. In some embodiments, organic molecules include, but are not limited to: a polymer, an amine-based polymer, polyethylene glycol, a surfactant, erythritol, sorbitol, glycerin, a fragrance, triclosan, sodium lauryl sulfate, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, organic molecules include, but are not limited to: giffonamide (ED-600, ED-400), polyethylene glycol (PEG) copolymers (e.g., mPEG)₁₂-NH₂、mPEG₆-NH₂) Surfactants (e.g., sulfates, sulfonates, phosphates, carboxylates, docusates, PFOS, sodium perfluorobutane sulfonate, PFOA, PFO, CTAB, CPC, BAC, BZT, DODAB, etc.), erythritol, sorbitol, flavorants, triclosan, sodium lauryl sulfate, glycerin, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the organic molecule comprises a surfactant.

The compositions of the present disclosure can be associated with the objects of the present disclosure in various ways. For example, in some embodiments, the composition of the present disclosure is coated on a surface of an object of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are interwoven (interwoven) with the objects of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the composition of the present disclosure is dispersed in an object of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure may be encapsulated in an object of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure may be encapsulated in an object of the present disclosure in the form of soluble nanospheres, microspheres, capsules, or other materials. In more specific embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are encapsulated in chewable toys or rubbers (e.g., the soft center of some chewing gums), or within soluble nanospheres, microspheres, capsules, or other materials within the body (e.g., chewables, pastes, or liquids).

Second composition

In some embodiments, the object of the present disclosure may further comprise a second composition. The second composition generally refers to a composition having an effect other than a tooth-modifying effect. For example, in some embodiments, the second composition of the present disclosure is capable of attracting chewing of the object (e.g., a chewable object). In some embodiments, the second composition of the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to: flavors, colorants, texturing agents, admixtures (mixers), or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the second composition of the present disclosure comprises a cocktail. In some embodiments, admixtures include, but are not limited to: hydroxyapatite, calcium fluoride, zirconia, silica, calcium aluminate, zinc oxide eugenol, zinc oxide, polycarboxylate, sodium alginate, polyether, silicone, agar, calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, ytterbium, amalgam, composite resin, dental composite, dimethacrylate monomer, bifunctional resin, ceramic, acrylic, or combinations thereof.

Applying objects to teeth

The compositions of the present disclosure may be applied to the teeth in various ways. For example, in some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are applied to the teeth by: chewing an object, rubbing an object onto the teeth, brushing an object onto the teeth, rinsing the teeth with an object, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, applying the object to the teeth is performed by chewing the object. In some embodiments, the composition is released onto the teeth as the object is chewed.

In some embodiments, applying the object to the teeth is performed by rubbing or brushing the object onto the teeth. In some embodiments, the composition is released onto the teeth as the object is rubbed or brushed onto the teeth.

The objects of the present disclosure may be applied to various regions of the teeth. For example, in some embodiments, the objects of the present disclosure are applied to a tooth surface. For example, in some embodiments, the objects of the present disclosure are applied to dental enamel.

Application of the objects of the present disclosure to teeth can have various structuring effects on teeth. For example, in some embodiments, the composition forms a solid film on the tooth surface as it is applied. In some embodiments, the film is formed to a thickness on the tooth surface. In some embodiments, the thin film has a thickness of 100nm to 5 μm. In some embodiments, the thin film has a thickness of at most about 1 μm. In some embodiments, the film is in the form of a uniform film. In some embodiments, the film is in the form of a tribofilm (tribofilm). In some embodiments, the formed tribofilm is in the form of a continuous smooth film. In some embodiments, the formed tribofilm is composed of an organic material and an inorganic material.

The compositions of the present disclosure may be applied to the teeth by various mechanisms. For example, in some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure are applied to the teeth by friction chewing. In some embodiments, the composition flakes off and disintegrates due to tribomechanical forces.

In some embodiments, application of an object of the present disclosure to a tooth results in polymerization of a composition of the present disclosure on the tooth. For example, in some embodiments, any polymer chain attached to the composition of the present disclosure polymerizes during application. In some embodiments, application of an object of the present disclosure to a tooth results in the composition of the present disclosure aggregating (e.g., particle aggregation) by van der waals forces.

Tooth modifying action

The compositions of the present disclosure may have various tooth-altering effects. For example, in some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure provide tooth whitening, tooth restoration, tooth maintenance, or a combination thereof.

For example, in some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure provide dental care. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure provide dental care by: preventing tooth cracking, improving tooth surface integrity, preventing tooth damage, providing antimicrobial properties, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure provide dental restoration. In some embodiments, the dental restoration comprises: filling any cracks on the tooth, tooth restoration, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure provide tooth whitening. In some embodiments, tooth whitening comprises removing any stains from the teeth, the appearance of white color to the teeth, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure provide a tooth-altering effect without any subsequent procedures, such as shaping, grinding, or polishing.

Object

In some embodiments, the objects of the present disclosure are applied to a tooth of a subject. The objects of the present disclosure may be applied to the teeth of various subjects. For example, in some embodiments, the objects include, but are not limited to: dog, cat, rat, gerbil, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit, human, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the subject comprises a dog. In some embodiments, the subject comprises a human.

Applications and advantages

In some embodiments, the methods and objects of the present disclosure provide a commercially available and convenient alternative to currently used dental restorative procedures requiring general anesthesia. For example, in some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure can be applied to commercially available chew toys or other chewable objects. Thus, during normal chewing, the compositions of the present disclosure can reconstruct damaged teeth without the risks, costs, and pain associated with general anesthesia.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, the methods and objects of the present disclosure can reduce the incidence of dental disease, dental infection, and dental pain by self-healing, and reduce the risks and pain associated with general anesthesia. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the methods and objects of the present disclosure may provide economical, convenient, and effective methods and objects that replace invasive techniques currently available for dental restoration and restoration.

For example, in some embodiments, the objects and compositions of the present disclosure provide an enamel restorative material that does not require hospitalization, general anesthesia, or a dental (e.g., veterinary dental) practitioner. In more specific embodiments, the pet may recover enamel at home in a stressless environment by chewing the item.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, the objects and methods of the present disclosure provide a low cost, long lasting, and biocompatible alternative to maintaining tooth whiteness and health. Furthermore, the objects and methods of the present disclosure may be simple to use. For example, in some embodiments, the objects and methods of the present disclosure can be used at home daily by chewing the object, rinsing the object in the mouth, or using the object as toothpaste.

Reference will now be made to more specific embodiments of the disclosure, and experimental results that provide support for such embodiments. Applicants, however, point out that the following disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter in any way.

Example 1: nanomaterial for restoration of teeth

In this example, applicants have demonstrated that various ingredients are effective in restoring teeth. Applicants' previous studies found that alpha-zirconium phosphate (alpha-ZrP) is an effective additive for forming tribofilms (Dai et al, Lubricants (Lubricants), 2016, 4(3), 28; Xiao et al, appl. Surf. Sci.2015,329, 384-389; He et al, Colloids Surf. physiochem. Eng. Asp.2014,452, 32-38; Chen et al, J. Tribol.2018,141 (3)). In particular, applicants have found that the α -zirconium phosphate nanoparticles have a unique layered structure. In addition, van der waals forces exist between the layers that hold the layers together. Under shear, these particles flake off, resulting in low friction.

The chemical reaction between the particle and the surface is triggered by mechanical forces. To date, no report has been made on restoration or surface modification of teeth using the concept of a rubbing film. In this example, applicants report a new method of using functionalized nanoparticles to repair, modify and protect dental enamel. The inspiration of this new approach comes from the effectiveness of tribochemical interactions between the rubbing surfaces. Applicants designed dental restorative materials by forming tribofilms and nanoparticle polymer biomineralization. The results show that a solid film of phosphorus mineral was successfully rubbed onto the abraded teeth to a thickness of up to 1 μm. The film is also effective in filling cracks in the tooth surface and improving surface integrity.

Example 1.1. materials

All inorganic reagents used in this example were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Sigma Aldrich). The organic amine M-600 used in this study was supplied by Henschel Corporation (Huntsman Corporation). The synthesis of the materials in this study employed the following steps. alpha-ZrP nano-particles and HAP nano-particles are synthesized by a hydrothermal method. For alpha-ZrP, 50ml of food grade 12M phosphoric acid and 5g of zirconium chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl) were mixed under constant stirring₂·8H₂O). The mixture was then sealed in a PTFE lined autoclave and transferred to a 200 ℃ oven for 24 hours.

The HAP precursor was prepared using the following procedure: under constant stirring and 50-60 deg.C, 12 ml of 0.25M calcium nitrate solution (Ca (NO)₃)₂) Added dropwise to 20 ml of 0.15M disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na)₂HPO₄) In solution. The pH of the mixture was then adjusted to 8-10 with ammonium hydroxide. The mixture was then placed in a PTFE lined autoclave and placed in an oven at 160 ℃ for 12 hours. After the hydrothermal reaction, the product was washed with deionized water and recovered by centrifugation three times.

The washed nanoparticles were dried in a vacuum oven at 70 ℃ for 12 hours. The synthesized alpha-ZrP is inserted with polyetheramine M-600. The synthesized 1mmol α -ZrP was first dispersed in 5ml deionized water for 1 hour with an ultrasonic bath. Next, a 0.4M-600 solution was added dropwise to the dispersion.

The friction repair paste is a mixture of HAP nanoparticles and M-600 amine intercalated α -ZrP. First, the synthesized intercalated alpha-ZrP dispersion is mixed with HAP nanoparticles. The mass ratios of HAP nanoparticles to α -ZrP used before intercalation were 0:1, 0.25:1, and 0.5:1 (the resulting repair agents were labeled S0, S2.5, and S5, respectively). The product was centrifuged for 10 min. After the centrifugation process, the supernatant was removed by tilting the tube, and the precipitate was recovered. These precipitates are then used in the frictional chewing process described below.

The canine teeth were from Texas A for all dogs&M veterinary medical teaching Hospital (Texas A)&M veterinary media mining hospital). Before the experiment, hydrogen peroxide (H) was used₂O₂) And deionized water to clean the teeth. The remaining soft tissue was removed with a knife.

The "disc" samples were prepared from canine teeth for the experiments. To make the sample, the canine teeth were first sealed in an epoxy pan with the distal surface facing upward. Then, the enamel of the surface was carefully exposed, sanded, and polished with diamond gypsum of 3 μm size.

Bovine bone grinders were used to simulate the chewing process when eating hard foods. The split bovine femoral bones (beef split femur bone) were cooked in an autoclave for 4 hours and air dried. The cooked bone was then ground with a mortar and pestle and then mixed with deionized water at a 1:1 mass ratio.

Example 1.2 Experimental protocol

To simulate the chewing and grinding motion of the teeth, a friction chewing process is employed. This process was carried out on a pin-on-disc tribometer (CSM instruments). The setup for the friction chewing experiment is shown in figure 2. Two dog teeth were used in this setup. One of the teeth acts as a pin and the other acts as a disk. The normal force on the pin is 1N. The pin teeth do sinusoidal reciprocating motion on the disc teeth, the amplitude is 2mm, and the maximum speed is 1 cm/s.

Prior to the frictional chewing process, a restorative is placed between the teeth friction pair (tooth triboair). The movement was terminated after 100 cycles. After this process, the sample was rinsed with deionized water and air dried.

Scratch tests were then performed on the samples to qualitatively evaluate the mechanical properties of the films. The scratch test uses the same tribometer with a steel needle. The needle was pressed against the fluted disc sample with a force of 1N and manually stroked across the formed tribofilm.

The effect of the repair agent was characterized after tribofilm deposition. The morphology and microstructure of the tribofilm formed were characterized by the interferometer (Zygo NewView 600, Zygo Corp.) and AFM (Nano-R2, Pacific Nanotechnology) in close contact mode. The raman spectra of the rubbed film were collected using an iHR550 spectrometer (HORIBA Scientific, Edison, NJ) with a 532nm laser. Two spectra were collected, one from the rubbing film and the other from the polished tooth surface.

The pin teeth that underwent the frictional chewing process were analyzed using synchrotron radiation micro X-ray CT (μ -XCT). These experiments were carried out on the Beam line 8.3.2 instrument of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. All samples were imaged using a LuAG: Ce scintillation counter. Tomographic reconstruction was performed using the Xi CAM and tomopy tomographic insert.

Imaging of the coating is accomplished by a dual energy k-edge technique. Prior to testing, the illumination x-ray energy was calibrated to the x-ray absorption edge of Zr using a pure α -ZrP nanoparticle sample. As shown in fig. 3, the absorption of x-rays by zirconium element jumps around 18 KeV. Two separate tomographic images of the same sample were taken using two illumination energies: 18.2KeV and 17.8 KeV.

As shown in FIG. 3, the Zr element was brighter when the sample was irradiated with 17.8KeV than when the sample was irradiated with 18.2 KeV. Thus, the difference between the two data sets can reveal the distribution of the Zr element, i.e., the distribution of applicants' repair tribofilm. Data collected from the experiments were then presented using Avizo software.

Example 1.3 results and discussion

The enamel wears as the tooth sample undergoes the abrasive chewing process with the simulated food. Interferometer images of the wear track are shown in fig. 4A-B. Within the wear track, the enamel rod protrudes. It appears that the soft tissue is removed by abrasion of the bone grind particles. Despite having a similar chemical composition (HAP), bone grinders cannot attach to the enamel surface by this process.

All of the restoratives formed a tribofilm after the tribological chewing process. An interferometer topographic image is shown in FIGS. 5A-D. The films shown centrally in fig. 5A-D are the result of a rubbing chewing process using a restorative.

Without the additive, friction pin-disc wear would result in the disc surface being grooved. But instead a thin film with a thickness in the range of 100nm to 1 μm is produced here. The pressure range at which the membrane is produced is calculated to be 100 MPa. The creation of such a film prevents wear of the teeth.

The thickness and coverage of the tribofilm can be controlled by the amount of HAP nanoparticles. As the amount of HAP used increases, the thickness of the resulting friction film increases. The film thickness was only about 100nm using the repair agent S0, but in the case of S10, when the HAP: ZrP mass ratio was increased to 1:1, the film thickness was increased to 2 μm. This mass ratio also changes the coverage of the tribofilm.

In the case of S0, a continuous film was produced, and samples S2.5 and S5 were also able to produce a tribofilm that almost completely covered the wear track. Further, when the mass ratio of ZrP and HAP is increased to 1:2, a tribofilm cannot be formed at all. Too much HAP nanoparticles added can also cause the repair agent to lose its tribo-filming properties. Thus, applicants believe that S5 is a good compromise between film coverage and film thickness.

As shown in fig. 6A-D, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) images show the microstructure of the intercalated α -ZrP tribofilm. The AFM height map and phase map of the tribofilm are shown in fig. 5A and 5C. The tribofilm produced by S0 consisted of a number of plate-like particles with a size of about 200nm (FIGS. 6A-B). The results show that the deposition is not a direct deposition of ZrP particles with a size of about 1 μm. The ZrP layer is more easily exfoliated by shear forces during friction chewing, since the intercalation process reduces van der waals forces between the ZrP layers. The exfoliated and functionalized two-dimensional flakes thus become building blocks of the tribofilm.

The addition of HAP nanoparticles changes the microstructure of the resulting tribofilm. A more regular cellular structure is formed (fig. 6C-D), rather than a platelet-like aggregation of particles. The cellular structure consists of particles (most likely HAP nanoparticles) of almost the same size. HAP nanoparticles survived the abrasive chewing process and were adhered together by M600 attached to ZrP.

The above results further explain why the addition of HAP nanoparticles increases the thickness of the film, but decreases the coverage. In this example, HAP cannot form a tribofilm if no α -ZrP is intercalated. Thus, the higher the HAP concentration, the less likely the intercalated α -ZrP will be in contact with the tooth surface.

The resulting film does not introduce any foreign inorganic functional groups on the tooth surface. It is well known that tribochemical processes chemically alter phosphate groups. Raman spectroscopy results showed only two peaks for enamel and tribofilm (figure 7). Two peaks are from-PO₄A group. No other chemical species were detected in the raman spectrum.

To characterize the restorative ability of the restorative agent to the entire tooth, not just the surface, micro X-ray CT was used. As shown in fig. 10A-B, the density distribution of the Zr element was overlaid on the reconstructed tooth image. After the frictional chewing process using the S5 reagent, the teeth were the tips of needle-shaped canine teeth. In this example, a tooth with a crack at its tip was selected. In the contact area, a film is formed which wraps around the tip of the tooth. Further, the applicant found that Zr element appears inside the tip crack.

Based on the above results, the applicant proposed a mechanism for friction film formation of the pure intercalated α -ZrP dental restorative in this example. The nanoparticles are exfoliated and disintegrated by the abrasive mechanical forces. Thereafter, the polymer chains attached to the exfoliated nanoparticles reattach to those exfoliated layers under shear.

The polymerization process may occur when the polymer chains are ground under mechanical force. This mechanochemical polymerization process may be the driving force for tribofilm growth.

When HAP nanoparticles are introduced, the polymer chains further interact with the HAP crystals and adhere to the HAP crystals on the tooth surface, thereby forming a thick coherent tooth restoration friction film. In the scratch test, the scratch resistance of the resulting film was equal to or higher than the performance of the tooth itself (fig. 9A-B). Steel needle scraping results in material loss from the tooth surface and tribofilm surface. However, despite the scratch, the tribofilm was not removed or peeled off from the sample surface. The tribofilm exhibits good hardness and wear resistance compared to deep grooves on the unprotected enamel surface.

EXAMPLE 1.4 conclusion

In this embodiment, applicants provide a simple one-step method to restore and maintain the teeth of humans and pets. Repairing and forming a protective film is made possible by mechanical friction (chewing) of a material consisting of nanoparticles, polymers and biomineralization materials. After simulating frictional chewing between two teeth, the tooth restoration agent can form a friction film with a thickness of up to 2 μm. The repair film formed had a hardness comparable to the enamel surface. In addition to surface restoration, the new agents can also enter cracks in the enamel surface.

Furthermore, applicants have found that polyether modified nanoparticles can induce the formation of tribofilms in aqueous solutions. The formation of this protective film may be attributed to the affinity between polyethers and HAPs within the tooth enamel.

Example 2: composition for self-restoration of teeth

In this embodiment, applicants provide a chewable object comprising a composition associated with the chewable object, wherein the composition is released onto the teeth when the chewable object is chewed. In this example, the composition is an aqueous paste of HAP nanoparticles and M-600 amine intercalated ZrP nanoparticles. In this embodiment, applicants further provide a method of applying a material to a tooth, comprising: chewing a chewable object comprising a composition that is released onto teeth when the chewable object is chewed.

This example describes the design and fabrication of nanomaterials which can heal the wear points on the teeth by chewing. The self-repairing or self-protecting function is based on the mechanical catalysis, tribochemical or mechanochemical properties of the nano material. Self-restoration of teeth can be achieved by chewing to initiate a chemical reaction between the nanoparticles, enamel, bone and the calcium-containing compound. During chewing, a thick coating that is strong, durable and highly abrasion resistant can be produced without any subsequent steps (such as shaping, grinding or polishing).

As shown in fig. 10A-B, canines were repaired by rubbing the composition of the present disclosure for several minutes. The image was obtained by microscopic tomography and the orange color was a trace of zirconium in the film. The element penetrated cracks and grooves in the canine teeth and uniformly covered them.

The repair film is durable and scratch resistant. Fig. 11A-B show images of the morphology of the canine teeth after the restoration. The rubbing direction was performed by applying up and down. The surface is formed by friction. Thereafter, a scratch test was performed in the rubbed area. The scratch test showed that the bare teeth were scratched while the film remained in place.

Fig. 12A-B show the generation of a prosthetic film on the canine teeth. Red indicates high surface area. Fig. 13 shows the curves of the canine teeth. Fig. 14A-B show that scratching does not remove the film. Figure 15 shows the creation of a prosthetic film on a human tooth. Fig. 16 shows the area covered by the film. Fig. 17 shows that scratching does not remove the film. Fig. 18 shows a film image built on a tooth. Figure 19 shows a proposed material with better wear resistance and hardness.

Example 2.1 original taste Greenies dental Care for dogs

The components: wheat flour, glycerin, wheat gluten, gelatin, water, cellulose powder, lecithin, minerals (calcium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium carbonate, magnesium amino acid chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, iron amino acid chelate, copper amino acid chelate, manganese amino acid chelate, selenium, potassium iodide), natural poultry flavor, choline chloride, fruit juice coloring, vitamins (Dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate [ source of vitamin E ], vitamin B12 supplement, D-calcium pantothenate [ vitamin B5], niacin supplement, vitamin a supplement, riboflavin supplement [ vitamin B2], vitamin D3 supplement, biotin, thiamine mononitrate [ vitamin B1], pyridoxine hydrochloride [ vitamin B6], folic acid), and curcumin.

Example 2.2 blueberry taste Greenies dental Care for dogs

The components: wheat flour, glycerin, wheat gluten, gelatin, water, cellulose powder, lecithin, natural flavors, minerals (calcium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium carbonate, magnesium amino acid chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, iron amino acid chelate, copper amino acid chelate, manganese amino acid chelate, selenium, potassium iodide), dried blueberry, choline chloride, fruit juice coloring, vitamins (dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate [ source of vitamin E ], vitamin B12 supplement, D-calcium pantothenate [ vitamin B5], niacin supplement, vitamin a supplement, riboflavin supplement [ vitamin B2], vitamin D3 supplement, biotin, thiamine mononitrate [ vitamin B1], pyridoxine hydrochloride [ vitamin B6], folic acid), and curcumin.

Example 2.3 dog's "fresh" flavor Greenies dental care

The components: wheat flour, glycerin, wheat gluten, gelatin, water, cellulose powder, lecithin, natural flavors, minerals (calcium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium carbonate, magnesium amino acid chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, iron amino acid chelate, copper amino acid chelate, manganese amino acid chelate, selenium, potassium iodide), dried spearmint, choline chloride, fruit juice coloring, vitamins (Dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate [ source of vitamin E ], vitamin B12 supplement, D-calcium pantothenate [ vitamin B5], niacin supplement, vitamin a supplement, riboflavin supplement [ vitamin B2], vitamin D3 supplement, biotin, thiamine mononitrate [ vitamin B1], pyridoxine hydrochloride [ vitamin B6], folic acid), and curcumin.

Example 2.4 tuna taste Greenies dental Care for cats

The components: chicken meal, rice flour, wheat flour, corn gluten meal, oat fiber, poultry fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols), natural poultry flavor, sodium gluconate, tuna flavor, ground flaxseed, brewer's dried yeast, ground flaxseed, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite, cobalt carbonate, vitamin a supplement, vitamin D3 supplement, vitamin E supplement, niacin, D-calcium pantothenate, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, menadione-sodium bisulfite complex, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, citric acid, taurine, mixed tocopherols, and sodium copper chlorophyll.

Example 2.5 Salmon-flavoured Greenies dental Care for cats

The components: chicken meal, rice flour, wheat flour, corn gluten meal, oat fiber, poultry fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols), salmon meal, natural poultry flavor, sodium gluconate, milled flaxseed, brewer's dried yeast, milled flaxseed, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite, cobalt carbonate, vitamin a supplement, vitamin D3 supplement, vitamin E supplement, niacin, calcium D-pantothenate, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, menadione-sodium bisulfite complex, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, citric acid, taurine, mixed tocopherols, and sodium copper folate.

Example 2.6 dog's "bacon" flavor Pedigree dental scaler

The components: rice flour, wheat starch, glycerin, gelatin, gum arabic, calcium carbonate, natural poultry flavor, cellulose powder, sodium tripolyphosphate, iodine salt, potassium chloride, choline chloride, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate (source of vitamin C), vitamin a supplement, niacin, D-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement, supplemental vitamin B12, riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6), DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate (source of vitamin E), thiamine mononitrate (vitamin B1), potassium sorbate (preservative), tobacco flavor, zinc sulfate, green tea extract, turmeric, iron oxide, and copper sulfate.

Example 2.7 Natural flavor Blue Buffalo dental bone

The components: potato, cellulose powder, vegetable glycerin, water, gelatin, pea protein, sunflower lecithin, natural flavors, oat hull, sunflower oil, linseed, carrot, calcium carbonate, dehydrated beet (color added), zinc propionate, blueberry, parsley, dehydrated alfalfa meal, preservation with citric acid and mixed tocopherols, and rosemary oil.

Example 3 method and composition for tooth whitening

In this embodiment, applicants provide an object (e.g., a chewable object) comprising a composition associated with the object, wherein the composition is released onto the teeth (e.g., while the object is being chewed). Thereafter, the composition whitens the teeth. The composition (i.e., whitening material) may be added to objects (e.g., chewable objects, such as chewing gum and candy, including, for example, gummy bear, or paste or liquid). In this example, the composition (i.e., whitening material) is an aqueous paste containing a mixture of zirconia nanoparticles and M-600 intercalated ZrP nanoparticles. The composition (i.e., whitening material) is effective once use is initiated (e.g., chewing, rubbing, massaging, and/or brushing). The composition (i.e., whitening material) can be applied to the teeth daily.

The present embodiments also provide methods of whitening teeth by applying an object of the present disclosure to teeth, wherein the object comprises a composition of the present disclosure, wherein the applying releases the composition onto the teeth and the composition has a whitening effect on the teeth. The applying comprises chewing a chewable object comprising a composition of the present disclosure, wherein the composition is released onto the teeth when the chewable object is chewed.

As shown in fig. 20-21, human teeth were repaired by rubbing the composition of the present disclosure for several minutes. This tooth appeared white compared to the normally extracted tooth.

Additional experimental results and examples are disclosed in U.S. provisional patent applications 62/806488 and 62/966691. All experimental results in the above-mentioned provisional patent application are incorporated herein by reference.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the description herein, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples and do not limit the disclosure in any way. While various embodiments have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above, but is only limited by the claims which follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims. The contents of all patents, patent applications, and publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference, to the extent that they provide exemplary, procedural or other details supplementary to those set forth herein.