阅读说明：本技术 一种使得小规模山地苹果园秋雨冬用肥水高效的方法 (Method for efficiently using fertilizer water in autumn, rain and winter in small-scale mountain apple orchard ) 是由 杨光柱 马钧 黄文静 彭艳安 郑丽萍 于 2021-08-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种使得小规模山地苹果园秋雨冬用肥水高效的方法,包括如下步骤：(1)将玉米秸秆、烤烟秆混合,扎成直径25厘米、长40厘米的物料捆,放入1％～2％的石灰水溶液中浸泡10-12小时；(2)秋施基肥时,将2-3个物料捆平铺在施肥沟或施肥穴的底部,将基肥覆盖在物料捆上,最上层覆盖上表土；(3)及时用薄膜或园艺地布加以覆盖,以减少土壤水分蒸发；(4)用0.2％尿素+0.3％磷酸二氢钾水溶液和100克钙镁磷肥及时补充水分、养分到施肥穴。本发明高分子保水剂的使用,可以使得秋季雨水、尤其是秋末少量雨水以及秋施基肥也能被尽可能的吸收,并在降雨量极少的冬季缓慢释放肥效,起到省工、省水、省肥的作用。(The invention discloses a method for efficiently using fertilizer water in autumn, rain and winter in a small-scale mountain apple orchard, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing corn stalks and flue-cured tobacco stalks, bundling the mixture into material bundles with the diameter of 25 cm and the length of 40 cm, and soaking the material bundles in 1-2% lime water solution for 10-12 hours; (2) when applying the base fertilizer in autumn, bundling and paving 2-3 materials at the bottom of the fertilizing ditch or fertilizing hole, covering the base fertilizer on the material bundle, and covering the top layer with surface soil; (3) covering with film or gardening ground cloth in time to reduce water evaporation of soil; (4) 0.2 percent of urea, 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and 100 grams of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used for supplementing water and nutrient to the fertilizing holes in time. The use of the high-molecular water-retaining agent can ensure that rainwater in autumn, particularly a small amount of rainwater at the end of autumn and base fertilizer applied in autumn can be absorbed as much as possible, slowly release fertilizer efficiency in winter with extremely small rainfall amount, and play a role in saving labor, water and fertilizer.)

1. A method for efficiently using fertilizer water in autumn, rain and winter in a small-scale mountain apple orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) mixing corn straws and flue-cured tobacco straws 9 months a year, bundling the corn straws and the flue-cured tobacco straws into material bundles with the diameter of 25 cm and the length of 40 cm, and soaking the material bundles in 1-2% lime water solution for 10-12 hours;

(2) when the base fertilizer is applied in autumn, spreading 100 g/hole of slow release fertilizer containing macromolecular water-retaining agent component on the bottom of the fertilizing ditch or fertilizing hole, bundling and flatly paving 2-3 materials on the bottom of the fertilizing ditch or fertilizing hole, spreading the base fertilizer on the surfaces of the material bundles, enabling the base fertilizer to completely cover the material bundles, and covering the top layer with surface soil;

(3) at the bottom of 10-11 months, the fruit is harvested, and after the rainy season is finished, a film or a gardening ground fabric is covered in time until the next rainy season comes in order to reduce the evaporation of soil moisture;

(4) in the next spring 10 days before sprouting, 0.2 percent of urea, 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and 100 grams of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used for supplementing water and nutrients to the fertilizing holes in time, the water and the nutrients are irrigated for 2-3 times by using nitro nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer aqueous solution according to the situation of the tree after flowers, and then fertilizing holes or fertilizing grooves are alternated at different positions every 2-3 years.

2. The method for efficiently utilizing fertilizer water for autumn, rain and winter in the small-scale mountain apple orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the corn straws to the flue-cured tobacco straws is 3: 2.

3. The method for efficiently utilizing fertilizer water for autumn, rain and winter in the small-scale mountain apple orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (2), the width of the fertilizing ditch is 30cm, the length of the fertilizing ditch is 40 cm, and the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 50 cm.

4. The method for efficiently utilizing fertilizer water for autumn, rain and winter in the small-scale mountain apple orchard, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (2), the diameter of the fertilizing hole is 30cm, and the depth of the fertilizing hole is 50 cm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for efficiently using fertilizer water in autumn, rain and winter in a small-scale mountain apple orchard.

Background

Moisture is a major ecological factor affecting plant growth and development, quality and yield development. In the southwest cold and high-rise apple growing area, the rainfall distribution is not uniform in seasons, and seasonal water shortage is often the main reason for low apple yield in the area. Taking Yunnan as an example, the rainfall is concentrated in 6 to 9 months per year, and accounts for 80 to 90 percent of the annual rainfall. The key period of apple yield, such as flower bud differentiation and fruit expansion period, is more serious in water shortage and even drought. In the management of hillside orchards, particularly small-scale hillside orchards mainly based on a home operation mode, the construction of irrigation facilities requires a large amount of capital investment, water storage equipment and irrigation facilities are extremely lack, and the economic income of fruit growers in the areas is seriously influenced. Therefore, the efficient utilization of the fertilizer water, which is simple and easy to operate, has important significance for improving the yield and the economic benefit of the small-scale mountain apple orchard.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for efficiently utilizing fertilizer water for autumn, rain and winter in a small-scale mountain apple orchard by comprehensively using a slow release fertilizer containing a high-molecular water-retaining agent, low-cost tobacco stems and corn stems.

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the invention relates to a method for efficiently using fertilizer water in autumn, rain and winter in a small-scale mountain apple orchard, which comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing corn straws and flue-cured tobacco straws 9 months a year, bundling the corn straws and the flue-cured tobacco straws into material bundles with the diameter of 25 cm and the length of 40 cm, and soaking the material bundles in 1-2% lime water solution for 10-12 hours;

(2) when the base fertilizer is applied in autumn, 2-3 materials are bundled and placed at the bottom of a fertilizing ditch or a fertilizing hole, and a target control fertilizer containing 100 g/hole of a high-molecular water-retaining agent is scattered; covering the material bundle with base fertilizer and covering the top layer with surface soil;

(3) covering with film or gardening ground cloth in time for 11 months to reduce water evaporation of soil;

(4) in the next spring 10 days before sprouting, 0.2 percent of urea, 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and 100 grams of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used for supplementing water and nutrients to the fertilizing holes in time, the water and the nutrients are irrigated for 2-3 times by using nitro nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer aqueous solution according to the situation of the tree after flowers, and then fertilizing holes or fertilizing grooves are alternated at different positions every 2-3 years.

Further, in the step (1), the ratio of the corn straws to the flue-cured tobacco straws is 3: 2.

Further, in the step (2), the width of the fertilizing ditch is 30cm, the length of the fertilizing ditch is 40 cm, and the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 50 cm.

Furthermore, in the step (2), the diameter of the fertilizing hole is 30cm, and the depth of the fertilizing hole is 50 cm.

Has the advantages that: the slow-release fertilizer containing the macromolecular water-retaining agent can enable rainwater in autumn, particularly a small amount of rainwater at the end of autumn and base fertilizer applied in autumn to be absorbed as much as possible, slowly release fertilizer efficiency in winter with extremely small rainfall amount, and play a role in saving labor, water and fertilizer.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: (1) by using the corn stalks and the flue-cured tobacco stalks and changing the directions of the fertilizing ditches or the fertilizing holes year by year, the physical characteristics of local soil in different directions can be gradually improved.

(2) Particularly, in hillside orchards with seasonal drought in winter and spring and engineering water shortage, the comprehensive purposes of storing in summer and autumn, using in winter and supplementing drought and soil moisture in spring can be realized, the yield and the quality of fruits are ensured, and the method is suitable for small hillside orchards of one family in Yunnan low latitude plateau corn and flue-cured tobacco planting areas.

(3) In the process of gradually decomposing the corn stalks and the flue-cured tobacco stalks, the released nutrient substances can provide a large amount of nutrient substances for the propagation of microorganisms, can promote the microbial community structure of local rhizosphere soil and cover the local organic matter content, and can integrally improve the soil condition after the technology is used for many years.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples, but it should be noted that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples at all.

Example 1

The invention relates to a method for efficiently using fertilizer water in autumn, rain and winter in a small-scale mountain apple orchard, which comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing corn straws and flue-cured tobacco straws 9 months a year, bundling the corn straws and the flue-cured tobacco straws into material bundles with the diameter of 25 cm and the length of 40 cm, and soaking the material bundles in 1% lime water solution for 10 hours; the ratio of the corn straws to the flue-cured tobacco straws is 3: 2.

(2) When the base fertilizer is applied in autumn, 2 materials are bundled and placed at the bottom of a fertilizing ditch or a fertilizing hole, and target control fertilizer with the high molecular water-retaining agent component of 100 g/hole is scattered; covering the material bundle with base fertilizer and covering the top layer with surface soil; the width of the fertilizing ditch is 30cm, the length of the fertilizing ditch is 40 cm, and the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 50 cm. The diameter of the fertilizing hole is 30cm, and the depth of the fertilizing hole is 50 cm.

(3) Covering with film or gardening ground cloth in time for 11 months to reduce water evaporation of soil;

(4) in the next spring 10 days before sprouting, 0.2 percent of urea, 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and 100 grams of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used for supplementing water and nutrients to the fertilizing holes in time, the water and the nutrients are irrigated for 2.5 times by using nitro nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer aqueous solution according to the situation of the tree after flowers, and then fertilizing holes or fertilizing grooves are alternated at different positions every 2.5 years.

Example 2

Example 2 differs from example 1 in that:

the invention relates to a method for efficiently using fertilizer water in autumn, rain and winter in a small-scale mountain apple orchard, which comprises the following steps:

in the step (1), the corn straws and the flue-cured tobacco straws are mixed and bundled into material bundles with the diameter of 25 cm and the length of 40 cm in 9 months per year, and the material bundles are put into a 1% lime water solution to be soaked for 11 hours; the ratio of the corn straws to the flue-cured tobacco straws is 3: 2.

In the step (2), when the base fertilizer is applied in autumn, 3 materials are bundled and placed at the bottom of the fertilizing ditch or the fertilizing hole, and a target fertilizer containing 100 g/hole of high-molecular water-retaining agent is scattered;

in the step (4), water and nutrients are supplemented to the fertilizing holes in time by 0.2% of urea, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and 100 g of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 10 days before sprouting in spring of the next year, the plants are irrigated for 2 times by nitro nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer aqueous solution according to the tree vigor, and then fertilizing ditches or fertilizing holes are alternated in different directions every 2 years.

Example 3

Example 3 differs from example 1 in that:

the invention relates to a method for efficiently using fertilizer water in autumn, rain and winter in a small-scale mountain apple orchard, which comprises the following steps:

in the step (1), the corn straws and the flue-cured tobacco straws are mixed and bundled into material bundles with the diameter of 25 cm and the length of 40 cm in 9 months per year, and the material bundles are put into a 1% lime water solution to be soaked for 12 hours; the ratio of the corn straws to the flue-cured tobacco straws is 3: 2.

In the step (2), when the base fertilizer is applied in autumn, 2.5 materials are bundled and placed at the bottom of the fertilizing ditch or the fertilizing hole, and a target control fertilizer containing 100 g/hole of high-molecular water-retaining agent is scattered; covering the material bundle with base fertilizer and covering the top layer with surface soil; the width of the fertilizing ditch is 30cm, the length of the fertilizing ditch is 40 cm, and the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 50 cm. The diameter of the fertilizing hole is 30cm, and the depth of the fertilizing hole is 50 cm.

In the step (4), water and nutrients are supplemented to the fertilizing holes in time by 0.2% of urea, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution and 100 g of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 10 days before sprouting in spring of the next year, the flowers are irrigated for 3 times by nitro nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer aqueous solution according to the tree vigor, and then fertilizing ditches or fertilizing holes are alternated in different directions every 3 years.

Test examples

In a three-year-old red Fuji apple orchard, in 10 months in 2020, soil treatment is carried out by using the method, 30 plants are obtained in total, other plants collect soil at 30cm positions according to a normal management mode (base fertilizer is added into a fertilization hole) in 20 days in 3 months in 2021, the moisture of the soil in the fertilization hole is measured by adopting a drying method, the water content of the soil treated by using the method is averagely 9%, and the water content of the soil without treatment is averagely 6%. Selecting 10 branches in the middle of each plant, collecting 2-3 leaves in the middle of each branch, collecting 10 leaves in total, respectively picking 10 plants from the treatment group and the control group, and weighing, wherein the average wet weight of the leaves of the plants treated by the method is 13.8g/10 leaves, and the average wet weight of the leaves of the plants not treated is 8.1g/10 leaves. The treatment groups and the control group are shown in table 1:

table 1: influence of 'fertilizer water for autumn, rain and winter' high efficiency technology on water content of leaves and soil (same column of different lower case letters show that the difference is obvious under the level of 0.05)

	Wet weight of blade	Water content of soil
			Treatment group	13.8a	9％a
Control group	8.1b	6％b

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the foregoing description only for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, specification, and equivalents thereof.