阅读说明：本技术 一种澳洲坚果种植方法 (Macadamia nut planting method ) 是由 宫丽丹 贺熙勇 陶亮 李志强 于 2021-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及植物栽培技术领域,尤其涉及一种澳洲坚果种植方法。包括以下步骤：(1)施营养土后进行深翻；(2)挖种植穴,种植澳洲坚果树苗；(3)在种植后前3年,每年3月、5月、7月、9月各施肥一次；(4)在种植后第4年及以后,每年开花前半个月、果实膨大期以及采果后分别施肥一次；(5)在种植后第8年,施用保水剂和营养土,然后进行一次灌溉。本发明通过营养土配合保水剂的合理使用,减少了水分渗漏,提高了水分的利用率,并显著提高了澳洲坚果的产量。(The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a macadimia nut planting method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) deeply ploughing after applying the nutrient soil; (2) digging a planting hole and planting macadamia nut saplings; (3) fertilizing once in 3, 5, 7 and 9 months each year in the first 3 years after planting; (4) fertilizing once respectively in the 4 th year and later after planting, in the first half month of each year, in the fruit expansion period and after fruit picking; (5) and in 8 years after planting, applying the water-retaining agent and the nutrient soil, and then carrying out primary irrigation. The nutrient soil is reasonably used together with the water-retaining agent, so that the water leakage is reduced, the water utilization rate is improved, and the yield of the macadimia nuts is obviously improved.)

1. The macadimia nut planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) deeply ploughing after applying the nutrient soil;

(2) digging a planting hole and planting macadamia nut saplings;

(3) fertilizing once in 3, 5, 7 and 9 months each year in the first 3 years after planting;

(4) fertilizing once respectively in the 4 th year and later after planting, in the first half month of each year, in the fruit expansion period and after fruit picking;

(5) and in 8 years after planting, applying the water-retaining agent and the nutrient soil, and then carrying out primary irrigation.

2. The macadimia nut planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (1) and (5), the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 35-45 parts of fly ash, 4-6 parts of attapulgite, 10-20 parts of sodium humate, 10-20 parts of potassium humate, 20-30 parts of corncobs, 20-30 parts of corn straws, 30-40 parts of dried cow dung, 20-30 parts of sawdust and 30-40 parts of fine sand; the preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the following steps: mixing and grinding the components to 500-700 meshes.

3. The method for planting macadamia nuts according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the application amount of the nutrient soil in the step (1) is 400-600 kg/mu.

4. The method for planting macadimia nuts according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the seeds are deeply turned for 25-35 cm.

5. The method for planting macadimia nuts according to claim 1 or 4, wherein in the step (2), the planting hole spacing is 4.5-5.5 m, and the row spacing is 5.5-6.5 m.

6. The method for planting macadimia nuts, according to claim 5, wherein in the step (5), the water retention agent is sodium polyacrylate or polyacrylamide.

7. The method for planting macadimia nuts, according to claim 1 or 6, wherein in the step (5), the water retention agent and the nutrient soil are applied by the following method: in 5 months of 8 years, firstly, forming an annular ditch at a position 40-60 cm away from the stem base part of the macadamia nut tree, then uniformly applying nutrient soil and water into the annular ditch after mixing, filling 3-5 cm of soil into the ditch, then uniformly applying a water-retaining agent, and filling and leveling with soil.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the annular groove has a depth of 22-26 cm and a width of 10-14 cm.

9. The method for planting macadamia nuts according to claim 8, wherein the amount of the nutrient soil applied is 30-50 kg/plant; the weight ratio of the nutrient soil to the water is 1: 3-5; the application amount of the water-retaining agent is 320-420 g per plant.

10. The method for planting macadimia nuts, according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per plant; in the step (4), 60-80 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per plant each time.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a macadimia nut planting method.

Background

Macadamia nut tree (acadamia ternifolia) fruits are famous dry fruits, and seeds are edible; the wood is red, and is suitable for joinery, furniture and the like. This tree nut is considered one of the best table nuts in the world. The nutlet is rich in nutrition, the epicarp is green, the endocarp is hard and brown, the weight of a single fruit is 15-16 g, the oil content is about 70%, the protein is 9%, 8 amino acids essential to a human body are contained, and the nutlet is also rich in minerals and vitamins. Native to the southeast tropical rainforest in australia, there are plants in tropical regions of the world. Yunnan China (Xishuangbanna), Guangdong and Taiwan have been cultivated. It is often found in plantations or farms.

The macadimia nuts have good development prospect and economic benefit due to higher nutritional value and health care value. The global market demand for macadamia nuts is more than 40 million tons, but because the region where the macadamia nuts are planted often has a phenomenon of drought and water shortage and the growth of the macadamia nuts has high demand for water, the yield of the macadamia nuts is not high, the current global planting area is only 4 million hectares, the planting area is mainly concentrated in American hawaii and Australia, the annual yield is less than 3 million tons, and the demand of people cannot be met.

Water-retaining agents (also known as super absorbent resins) are functional polymers with strong water absorption and retention capacity, can absorb dozens of times or even thousands of times of water, and are widely used in the fields of agriculture, forestry, gardening, medicine and health, building materials, daily chemical industry, food and the like. In recent years, drought disasters are frequently generated, and the drought disasters become one of the most serious natural disasters affecting national agricultural production. Therefore, the water-retaining agent with good water absorption and retention properties is urgently needed in agricultural production in a drought environment. Especially in the planting process of the macadimia nuts, people often use the water retention agent to enable the macadimia nuts to achieve the purpose of water retention and drought resistance. Although the water-retaining agent has the effect of inhibiting soil evaporation to a certain extent, and meanwhile, a large number of pores are created for soil through repeated contraction and expansion of the water-retaining agent, so that the air permeability of the soil is improved, the effect of effectively preventing water leakage cannot be achieved by simply using the water-retaining agent, the water utilization rate is low, and the drought problem of Australian fruit trees cannot be effectively solved.

Therefore, the problem that those skilled in the art need to solve is how to provide a macadimia nut planting method to solve the restriction of drought on the yield of macadimia nuts.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a macadimia nut planting method, which reduces water leakage and improves the water utilization rate through reasonable use of nutrient soil and a water-retaining agent.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a macadimia nut planting method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) deeply ploughing after applying the nutrient soil;

(2) digging a planting hole and planting macadamia nut saplings;

(3) fertilizing once in 3, 5, 7 and 9 months each year in the first 3 years after planting;

(4) in 4 th year and later, fertilizing once respectively in half a month before flowering, in fruit expanding period and after fruit picking;

(5) and in 8 years after planting, applying the water-retaining agent and the nutrient soil, and then carrying out primary irrigation.

Preferably, in the steps (1) and (5), the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 35-45 parts of fly ash, 4-6 parts of attapulgite, 10-20 parts of sodium humate, 10-20 parts of potassium humate, 20-30 parts of corncobs, 20-30 parts of corn straws, 30-40 parts of dried cow dung, 20-30 parts of sawdust and 30-40 parts of fine sand; the preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the following steps: mixing and grinding the components to 500-700 meshes.

Preferably, in the step (1), the application amount of the nutrient soil is 400-600 kg/mu.

Preferably, in the step (1), the deep ploughing is carried out for 25-35 cm.

Preferably, in the step (2), the planting hole spacing is 4.5-5.5 m, and the row spacing is 5.5-6.5 m.

Preferably, in the step (5), the water retaining agent is sodium polyacrylate or polyacrylamide.

Preferably, in the step (5), the method for applying the water-retaining agent and the nutrient soil comprises the following steps: in 5 months of 8 years, firstly, forming an annular ditch at a position 40-60 cm away from the stem base part of the macadamia nut tree, then uniformly applying nutrient soil and water into the annular ditch after mixing, filling 3-5 cm of soil into the ditch, then uniformly applying a water-retaining agent, and filling and leveling with soil.

Preferably, the annular groove has a depth of 22 to 26cm and a width of 10 to 14 cm.

Preferably, the application amount of the nutrient soil is 30-50 kg per plant; the weight ratio of the nutrient soil to the water is 1: 3-5; the application amount of the water-retaining agent is 320-420 g per plant.

Preferably, in the step (3), 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per plant each time; in the step (4), 60-80 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per plant each time.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. by applying the water-retaining agent and the nutrient soil and matching with a reasonable fertilization method, the water utilization efficiency of the macadimia nuts can be obviously improved, and the yield of the macadimia nuts can be improved.

2. The water-retaining agent and the nutrient soil are applied in the 8 th year, and the roots of the Australian fruit trees are not damaged by ditching at a proper distance. The depth of the annular groove is important to be matched with the root depth of a Australian fruit tree, the Australian fruit tree belongs to shallow-rooted plants, most roots are distributed above 20cm underground, the annular groove is arranged at the depth of 22-26 cm, and nutrient soil is mixed with water and then applied to the annular groove to form an impermeable layer to prevent water from leaking and enable the roots to absorb the water, so that the purpose of improving the water utilization rate is achieved.

3. The nutrient soil is ground into ultrafine particles, on one hand, the nutrient soil can slow down water seepage at the upper part of the soil, on the other hand, the nutrient soil is used as ultrafine powder and applied in different modes, and after being wetted by water, the nutrient soil has large specific surface area and good physical viscosity, and can block a seepage pipeline of lower-layer compacted soil so as to reduce water seepage.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a macadimia nut planting method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) deeply ploughing after applying the nutrient soil;

(2) digging a planting hole and planting macadamia nut saplings;

(3) fertilizing once in 3, 5, 7 and 9 months each year in the first 3 years after planting;

(4) fertilization is carried out respectively for half a month before flowering, a fruit expanding period and once after fruit picking in 4 th year and later each year.

(5) In 8 th year after planting, applying a water-retaining agent and nutrient soil, and then carrying out primary irrigation;

in the invention, in the steps (1) and (5), the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 35-45 parts of fly ash, 4-6 parts of attapulgite, 10-20 parts of sodium humate, 10-20 parts of potassium humate, 20-30 parts of corncobs, 20-30 parts of corn straws, 30-40 parts of dried cow dung, 20-30 parts of sawdust and 30-40 parts of fine sand;

preferably, the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 37-43 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of attapulgite, 12-18 parts of sodium humate, 12-18 parts of potassium humate, 22-28 parts of corncobs, 22-28 parts of corn straws, 32-38 parts of dried cow dung, 22-28 parts of sawdust and 32-38 parts of fine sand;

further preferably, the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 39-41 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of attapulgite, 14-16 parts of sodium humate, 14-16 parts of potassium humate, 24-26 parts of corncobs, 24-26 parts of corn straws, 34-36 parts of dried cow dung, 24-26 parts of sawdust and 34-36 parts of fine sand;

more preferably, the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of attapulgite, 15 parts of sodium humate, 15 parts of potassium humate, 25 parts of corncobs, 25 parts of corn straws, 35 parts of dry cow dung, 25 parts of sawdust and 35 parts of fine sand;

in the invention, the preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the following steps: mixing and grinding the components to 500-700 meshes; preferably 540 to 660 mesh, more preferably 580 to 620 mesh, and even more preferably 600 mesh.

In the invention, in the step (1), the application amount of the nutrient soil is 400-600 kg/mu; preferably 440-560 kg/mu, more preferably 450-520 kg/mu, and even more preferably 500 kg/mu.

In the invention, in the step (1), deep turning is carried out for 25-35 cm; preferably 27-33 cm; further preferably 29-31 cm; more preferably 30 cm.

In the invention, in the step (2), the planting hole spacing is 4.5-5.5 m, and the row spacing is 5.5-6.5 m; preferably, the plant spacing is 4.7-5.3 m, and the row spacing is 5.7-6.3 m; further preferably 4.9-5.1 m of plant spacing and 5.9-6.1 m of row spacing; more preferably, the plant spacing is 5m and the row spacing is 6 m.

In the invention, in the step (5), the water-retaining agent is sodium polyacrylate or polyacrylamide; preferably polyacrylamide.

In the present invention, in the step (5), the water-retaining agent and the nutrient soil are applied by the following method: in 5 months of 8 years, firstly, forming an annular ditch at a position 40-60 cm away from the stem base part of the macadamia nut tree, then uniformly applying nutrient soil and water into the annular ditch after mixing, filling 3-5 cm of soil into the ditch, then uniformly applying a water-retaining agent, and filling and leveling with soil;

preferably, in 5 months of the 8 th year, opening an annular ditch at a position 44-56 cm away from the stem base of the macadamia nut tree, then uniformly applying nutrient soil and water into the annular ditch after mixing, filling 3.5-4.5 cm of soil into the ditch, then uniformly applying a water-retaining agent, and filling the soil to be flat;

further preferably in 5 months of 8 years, firstly opening an annular ditch at a position 48-52 cm away from the stem base part of the macadamia nut tree, then uniformly applying nutrient soil and water into the annular ditch after mixing, filling 4cm of soil into the ditch, then uniformly applying a water-retaining agent, and filling and leveling with soil;

more preferably 5 months of 8 years, firstly opening an annular ditch at a position 50cm away from the stem base of the macadamia nut tree, then uniformly applying nutrient soil and water into the annular ditch after mixing, filling 4cm of soil into the ditch, then uniformly applying a water-retaining agent, and filling and leveling with soil.

In the present invention, the annular groove has a depth of 22 to 26cm and a width of 10 to 14 cm. Preferably, the depth of the groove is 23-25 cm, and the width of the groove is 11-13 cm; more preferably, the depth of the groove is 24cm and the width of the groove is 12 cm.

In the invention, the application amount of the nutrient soil in the step (5) is 30-50 kg per plant; preferably 34-46 kg/plant; more preferably 38-42 kg/strain; more preferably 40 kg/strain.

In the invention, the weight ratio of the nutrient soil to the water in the step (5) is 1: 3-5; preferably 1: 3.5-4.5; further preferably 1: 4.

In the invention, the application amount of the water retention agent in the step (5) is 320-420 g per plant; preferably 340-400 g/strain; further preferably 360-380 g/strain; more preferably 370 g/strain.

In the invention, in the step (3), 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per plant each time; preferably 34-46 kg/plant; more preferably 38-42 kg/strain; more preferably 40 kg/strain.

In the invention, in the step (4), 60-80 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per plant each time; preferably 64-76 kg/plant; further preferably 68-72 kg/strain; more preferably 70 kg/strain.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A macadimia nut planting method comprises the following steps:

(1) applying nutrient soil (400 kg/mu), and deeply turning for 25 cm;

(2) digging planting holes, wherein the plant spacing is 4.5m, the row spacing is 5.5m, and planting macadamia nut seedlings;

(3) fertilizing once every 3 months, 5 months, 7 months and 9 months every year in the first 3 years after planting, and fertilizing 30kg of compound fertilizer each time;

(4) fertilizing once respectively in the first half month of each year, the fruit expansion period and after fruit picking in the 4 th year and later after planting, and fertilizing 60kg of compound fertilizer per plant each time;

(5) in 5 months of 8 years, firstly, opening an annular ditch at a position 40cm away from the stem base of the macadamia nut tree, wherein the ditch is 22cm deep and 10cm wide, then uniformly applying nutrient soil (30 kg/plant) and water into the annular ditch after mixing (the weight ratio of the nutrient soil to the water is 1: 3), filling 3cm of soil into the ditch, uniformly applying polyacrylamide (the application amount is 320 g/plant), filling the ditch with soil, and then carrying out primary irrigation;

the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of fly ash, 4 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of sodium humate, 10 parts of potassium humate, 20 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of corn straws, 30 parts of dry cow dung, 20 parts of sawdust and 30 parts of fine sand; the preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the following steps: the components are mixed and ground to 500 meshes.

Example 2

A macadimia nut planting method comprises the following steps:

(1) applying nutrient soil (600 kg/mu), and deeply turning for 35 cm;

(2) digging planting holes, wherein the plant spacing is 5.5m, the row spacing is 6.5m, and planting macadamia nut seedlings;

(3) fertilizing once every 3 months, 5 months, 7 months and 9 months every year in the first 3 years after planting, and fertilizing 50kg of compound fertilizer per plant each time;

(4) in 4 th year and later, fertilizing once respectively in half a month before flowering, in fruit expanding period and after fruit picking, and applying 80kg of compound fertilizer per plant each time;

(5) in 5 months of 8 years, firstly, forming an annular ditch with the depth of 26cm and the width of 14cm at a position 60cm away from the stem base of the macadamia nut tree, then uniformly applying nutrient soil (50 kg/plant) and water (the weight ratio of the nutrient soil to the water is 1: 5) into the annular ditch, filling 5cm of soil into the ditch, uniformly applying sodium polyacrylate (the application amount is 420 g/plant), filling the ditch with soil, and then carrying out primary irrigation;

the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of attapulgite, 20 parts of sodium humate, 20 parts of potassium humate, 30 parts of corncobs, 30 parts of corn straws, 40 parts of dry cow dung, 30 parts of sawdust and 40 parts of fine sand; the preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the following steps: the components are mixed and ground to 700 meshes.

Example 3

A macadimia nut planting method comprises the following steps:

(1) deeply turning over for 30cm after applying the nutrient soil (500 kg/mu);

(2) digging planting holes, wherein the plant spacing is 5m, the row spacing is 6m, and planting macadamia nut saplings;

(3) fertilizing once every 3 months, 5 months, 7 months and 9 months in 3 years before planting, and fertilizing 40kg compound fertilizer per plant each time;

(4) in 4 th year and later, fertilizing once respectively in half a month before flowering, in fruit expanding period and after fruit picking, and applying 70kg of compound fertilizer per plant each time;

(5) in 5 months of 8 years, firstly, opening an annular ditch 50cm away from the stem base of the macadamia nut tree, wherein the ditch is 24cm deep and 12cm wide, then uniformly applying nutrient soil (40 kg/plant) and water into the annular ditch after mixing (the weight ratio of the nutrient soil to the water is 1: 4), filling 4cm of soil into the ditch, then uniformly applying polyacrylamide (the application amount is 370 g/plant), filling the ditch with soil, and then carrying out primary irrigation;

the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of attapulgite, 15 parts of sodium humate, 15 parts of potassium humate, 25 parts of corncobs, 25 parts of corn straws, 35 parts of dry cow dung, 25 parts of sawdust and 35 parts of fine sand; the preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the following steps: the components are mixed and ground to 600 meshes.

Example 4

Comparative experiment: example 3 was used as the experimental group;

control group 1: the procedure of example 3 was followed with the following modifications: nutrient soil is not used in the step (1);

control group 2: the procedure of example 3 was followed with the following modifications: replacing the nutrient soil used in the step (1) with conventional nutrient soil (40-45 parts of leaf mold, 23-27 parts of straw biochar, 19-23 parts of bone meal, 13-17 parts of fermented soybean meal, 14-18 parts of sea sand and 10-15 parts of stevioside (the same below));

control group 3: the procedure of example 3 was followed with the following modifications: step (5) no nutrient soil is used;

control group 4: the procedure of example 3 was followed with the following modifications: replacing the nutrient soil used in the step (5) with conventional nutrient soil;

control group 5: the procedure of example 3 was followed with the following modifications: replacing the nutrient soil used in the steps (1) and (5) with conventional nutrient soil;

control group 6: the procedure of example 3 was followed with the following modifications: no water-retaining agent is used in the step (5);

control group 7: the procedure of example 3 was followed with the following modifications: and (3) changing the water-retaining agent in the step (5) into starch grafted acrylate.

The blank control group was modified as described in example 3, except that: no nutrient soil and no water-retaining agent are used. Three macadamia nut trees were used for each test group, and the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) (expressed as the ratio of net photosynthetic rate to transpiration rate) was measured for each test group on the day of 6 months from 9 years after planting, and the results were averaged as shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, the water utilization efficiency of the experimental group is obviously higher than that of other experimental groups, which shows that the water utilization efficiency of the macadamia nut tree is obviously improved by using the nutrient soil and the water-retaining agent. Comparing the data of the control groups 1-5, it can be seen that the moisture utilization rate of the macadimia nuts can be further improved by adding the nutrient soil, and the moisture utilization rate of the macadimia nuts can be influenced no matter the nutrient soil is omitted or replaced in the step (1) or the step (5).

As can be seen from the data of the control groups 6 and 7, the use effect of sodium polyacrylate and polyacrylamide is better than that of other types of water-retaining agents, which shows the correctness of the selection of the water-retaining agent of the present invention. The difference of the water utilization efficiency of each group in the control groups 1-4 is not obvious, which shows that the conventional nutrient soil hardly has a function of improving the water utilization efficiency, and the nutrient soil provided by the invention not only can obviously improve the water utilization efficiency, but also can provide nutrition for the Australian fruit trees, thereby achieving two purposes at one stroke.

Example 5

And (3) comparison test: control group 8: the procedure of example 3 was followed with the following modifications: fertilizing in the steps (3) and (4) by using a conventional fertilizing method; the fruit (shelled fruits) yield was determined at 8, 9, 10 years for each test group and averaged, with the results shown in table 2.

TABLE 2

As can be seen from the data in table 2, the yield of the fruit in the experimental group is much higher than that in the control group every year, which indicates that the macadimia nut planting method of the present invention can not only improve the water utilization rate of the macadimia nuts, but also further improve the annual yield of the macadimia nuts.

From the annual yield of the control groups 2, 4 and 5, the using effect of the nutrient soil is better than that of the common nutrient soil, and the yield of the macadimia nuts is obviously improved. As can be seen from the test data of the control group 7, the selection of the right water retention agent is very important and has a significant effect on the yield of macadamia nuts. From the data of the control group 8, it can be seen that the proper fertilization method and the fertilization amount can be helpful for increasing the yield of the macadimia nuts, and the improper fertilization method has no obvious effect on increasing the yield of fruit trees.

Comparing the data of the groups in the 8 th year, the 9 th year and the 10 th year, it can be seen that the effect of the water-retaining agent is not obvious due to the fact that the water-retaining agent is just used in the 8 th year and the nutrient soil is applied at the same time, the yield difference between the experimental group and each group is not large, and the yield difference between the experimental group and other groups is very obvious by the 9 th year and the 10 th year.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.