阅读说明：本技术 一种澳洲坚果促花保果的综合管理方法 (Comprehensive management method for promoting flower and protecting fruit of macadimia nuts ) 是由 曾黎明 李穆 李季东 巫辅民 蔡元保 黄思捷 庞新华 潘如军 林玉虹 黄锦媛 李 于 2021-09-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种澳洲坚果促花保果综合管理方法,主要为在花芽分化前期喷施多效唑和赤霉素进行控梢促花,始花期喷施复硝酚钠、氨基酸叶面肥、硼砂和磷酸二氢钾,盛花期喷施复硝酚钠、芸苔素、硼砂、氨基酸叶面肥和蜂蜡水,坐果初期施用复合肥和氨基酸叶面肥。本发明在澳洲坚果花芽分化期利用外源药剂促进芽分蘖和提高植株细胞生长,提高开花率和植株抗性,在始花期和盛花期喷施能促进植株生长速度的药剂,打破花芽休眠,提高柱头可授性,同时喷施蜂蜡水进一步提高授粉率,从而能有效的提高澳洲坚果授粉受精和坐果率,提高果实产量。(The invention discloses a comprehensive management method for flower and fruit promotion of macadimia nuts, which is mainly characterized in that paclobutrazol and gibberellin are sprayed in the early stage of flower bud differentiation to control tips and promote flowers, compound sodium nitrophenolate, amino acid foliar fertilizer, borax and monopotassium phosphate are sprayed in the initial flowering stage, compound sodium nitrophenolate, brassin, borax, amino acid foliar fertilizer and bee wax water are sprayed in the full flowering stage, and compound fertilizer and amino acid foliar fertilizer are applied in the initial fruit setting stage. According to the method, exogenous agents are used for promoting bud tillering and improving plant cell growth and improving flowering rate and plant resistance in a flower bud differentiation period of the macadimia nuts, agents capable of promoting plant growth speed are sprayed in an initial flowering period and a full flowering period, flower bud dormancy is broken, stigmatization is improved, pollination rate is further improved by spraying bee wax water, and accordingly pollination fertilization and fruit setting rate of the macadimia nuts can be effectively improved, and fruit yield is improved.)

1. A comprehensive management method for flower promoting and fruit retention of macadimia nuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) spraying 1.0-1.5L of paclobutrazol 1000-fold liquid and 1.0-1.2L of gibberellin 2000-fold liquid with the concentration of 25% on each fruit tree in the early stage of flower bud differentiation of macadamia nuts in 10-11 months, and simultaneously applying 10-20 kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer to control tips and promote flowers;

(2) spraying 0.8-1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5-0.8L of 0.1% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.5-0.6L of 0.1% concentration borax and 0.2-0.5L of 0.1% concentration potassium dihydrogen phosphate to each fruit tree at the beginning of 2 months in the flowering period of macadimia nuts;

(3) spraying 0.8-1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5-0.8L of brassin 2000 times liquid, 0.5-1.0L of 0.1% concentration borax, 0.5-0.8L of 0.2% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer and 1.0-1.2L of beeswax water in the full-bloom stage of macadamia nuts at the bottom of 2 months;

(4) in the initial stage of fruit setting of the macadimia nuts in the early 4 months, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer of 0.5-0.8L are applied to each fruit tree.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the compound sodium nitrophenolate is prepared from 5-nitro-o-methoxy sodium phenolate, o-sodium nitrophenolate and p-sodium nitrophenolate according to the mass ratio of (0.8-1.2) to (2-3) to (3-4).

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of chicken manure, 5-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of urea, 0.5 part of lime and 0.5 part of trace elements of ferroboron and zinc.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 15:8: 20.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a comprehensive management method for flower promotion and fruit retention of macadimia nuts.

Background

Macadamia nut is also called macadamia nut, is rich in nutrition, fine and smooth in taste and excellent in flavor, and enjoys the reputation of being "the dried fruit is queen". In recent years, as the planting area of macadimia nuts is continuously enlarged and the yield value is rapidly increased, the macadimia nut planting is listed as a key industry for developing poverty-weakening and hardness-attacking actions in a new stage.

Macadamia nut flowers are inflorescences with a general shape, amphoteric flowers and stamen first-maturing flowers, are generally self-pollinated, but have a large degree of self-sterility. In production, poor pollination and fertilization is recognized as one of the important reasons of low fruit setting rate and low yield of the macadimia nuts, and pollen activity and stigma pollination are the prerequisite guarantee for the fruit trees to complete pollination and fertilization. Most macadamia nuts bloom in large quantities every year, but only 0-2% of flowers grow into fruits finally, and the rest more than 98% of flowers fall off successively in the post-flowering (early stage) or young fruit development stage (later stage), so that excessive flower and fruit fall affect the yield and benefit and can weaken the tree vigor of fruit trees. The main reasons for early flower and fruit drop are poor fertilization or no fertilization, or embryo dysplasia; the main reason for fruit drop in the later period is that the tree has less nutrient substances stored therein and insufficient supply of fruit; or imbalance in the ratio of vegetative growth to reproductive growth; or pest damage, etc.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the macadimia nuts, the invention provides a comprehensive management method for promoting flower and protecting fruit of the macadimia nuts, which solves the problem of excessive flower and fruit drop of the macadimia nuts, improves the yield, increases the benefit and keeps the trees healthy and strong.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a comprehensive management method for flower promoting and fruit retention of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:

(1) spraying 1.0-1.5L of paclobutrazol 1000-fold liquid and 1.0-1.2L of gibberellin 2000-fold liquid with the concentration of 25% on each fruit tree in the early stage of flower bud differentiation of macadamia nuts in 10-11 months, and simultaneously applying 10-20 kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer to control tips and promote flowers;

(2) spraying 0.8-1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5-0.8L of 0.1% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.5-0.6L of 0.1% concentration borax and 0.2-0.5L of 0.1% concentration potassium dihydrogen phosphate to each fruit tree at the beginning of 2 months in the flowering period of macadimia nuts;

(3) spraying 0.8-1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5-0.8L of brassin 2000 times liquid, 0.5-1.0L of 0.1% concentration borax, 0.5-0.8L of 0.2% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer and 1.0-1.2L of beeswax water in the full-bloom stage of macadamia nuts at the bottom of 2 months;

(4) in the initial stage of fruit setting of the macadimia nuts in the early 4 months, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer of 0.5-0.8L are applied to each fruit tree.

The invention improves the activity, stigma receptivity and fruit setting rate of macadamia nut pollen by applying an exogenous fruit retention agent.

Spraying paclobutrazol and gibberellin at the early stage of flower bud differentiation, promoting bud tillering, improving plant cell activity and improving tree carbohydrate level (starch and soluble sugar content), wherein the gibberellin has the most prominent effect of accelerating cell elongation, can improve the content of auxin in a plant body, has a promoting effect on cell division, and can promote cell expansion, so that the macadamia nut can germinate and bloom more; meanwhile, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied to promote the growth of the nut plants and improve the disease resistance of the plants.

Spraying compound sodium nitrophenolate in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period, and after the compound sodium nitrophenolate is absorbed by plants, the C/N ratio of the plants can be adjusted, so that the plants have disease resistance, the plants are robust, the stress resistance of the plants is enhanced, the growth speed of macadamia nuts can be accelerated, the dormancy of flower buds is broken, the stigmatization is improved, the flower and fruit dropping is prevented, and the yield of the nuts is improved. Brassinolide is one of steroid compounds with high biological activity, is widely present in plants, and can promote vegetative growth and facilitate fertilization in each stage of plant growth and development. The artificially synthesized brassinolide has high activity, can be absorbed by leaves, stems and roots of plants and then is conducted to the acting parts, so that the activity of RNA polymerase can be increased, the content of RNA and DNA can be increased, the potential difference of cell membranes and the activity of ATP enzyme can be increased, and the effect of auxin (gibberellin and paclobutrazol) can be enhanced. At very low concentrations, brassin significantly increases vegetative growth and promotes fertilization in plants.

The beeswax water can attract bees, thereby promoting pollen propagation and improving pollination and fertilization; the foliar fertilizer is used for promoting the photosynthesis of plants and improving the fruit setting rate.

As a further improvement of the invention, the compound sodium nitrophenolate is prepared from 5-nitro-o-methoxy sodium phenolate, o-nitrophenol sodium and p-nitrophenol sodium according to the mass ratio of (0.8-1.2) to (2-3) to (3-4).

As a further improvement of the invention, the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: chicken manure 6070 parts, calcium magnesium phosphate 5-10 parts, potassium sulfate 3-5 parts, bone meal 3-5 parts, urea 5-10 parts, lime 0.5 part and boron, iron and zinc trace elements 0.5 part.

As a further improvement of the invention, the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 15:8: 20.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the management method, exogenous agents are used for promoting bud tillering and improving plant cell growth in the flower bud differentiation period of the macadimia nuts, the flowering rate and the plant resistance are improved, agents capable of promoting the plant growth speed are sprayed in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period, flower bud dormancy is broken, stigma pollination is improved, and meanwhile, bee wax water is sprayed to further improve the pollination rate, so that the pollination fertilization and fruit setting rates of the macadimia nuts can be effectively improved, and the fruit yield is improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

Example 1

Planting 100 macadimia nut varieties 695# according to a conventional planting mode, and then performing the following management method:

(1) spraying 1.0L of paclobutrazol 1000-fold liquid and 1.0L of gibberellin 2000-fold liquid with the concentration of 25% on each fruit tree in the early stage of flower bud differentiation of macadimia nuts in 10-11 months, and simultaneously applying 10kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer to control tips and promote flowers;

(2) spraying 0.8L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5L of 0.1% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.5L of 0.1% borax and 0.2L of 0.1% monopotassium phosphate to each fruit tree in the beginning of the flower period of the macadimia nuts at the beginning of 2 months;

(3) spraying 0.8L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5L of brassin 2000 times liquid, 0.5L of 0.1% concentration borax, 0.5L of 0.2% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer and 1.0L of beeswax water 1000 times liquid to each fruit tree in the full bloom stage of the macadamia nuts at the bottom of 2 months;

(4) in the initial stage of macadamia nut setting in the early 4 months, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer of 0.5L are applied to each fruit tree.

The compound sodium nitrophenolate is prepared from 5-nitro-o-methoxy-phenol sodium, o-nitrophenol sodium and p-nitrophenol sodium according to the mass ratio of 0.8:2: 3.

The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of chicken manure, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of urea, 0.5 part of lime and 0.5 part of trace elements of ferroboron and zinc.

The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 15:8: 20.

Example 2

Planting 100 macadimia nut varieties of Guire No. 1 according to a conventional planting mode, and then performing the following management method:

(1) spraying 1.5L of paclobutrazol 1000-fold liquid and 1.2L of gibberellin 2000-fold liquid with the concentration of 25% on each fruit tree in the early stage of flower bud differentiation of macadimia nuts in 10-11 months, and simultaneously applying 20kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer to control tips and promote flowering;

(2) in the beginning of flower period of macadamia nuts at 2 months, 1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.8L of 0.1% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.6L of 0.1% borax and 0.5L of 0.1% monopotassium phosphate are sprayed on each fruit tree;

(3) spraying 1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.8L of brassin 2000 times liquid, 1.0L of 0.1% concentration borax, 0.5L of 0.2% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer and 1.2L of beeswax water 1000 times liquid to each fruit tree in the full bloom stage of the macadamia nuts at the bottom of 2 months;

(4) in the initial stage of macadamia nut setting in the early 4 months, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer of 0.8L are applied to each fruit tree.

The compound sodium nitrophenolate is prepared from 5-nitro-o-methoxy-phenol sodium, o-nitrophenol sodium and p-nitrophenol sodium according to the mass ratio of 1.2:3: 4.

The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of urea, 0.5 part of lime and 0.5 part of trace elements of ferroboron and zinc.

The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 15:8: 20.

Example 3

Planting 100 macadimia nut varieties 788# according to a conventional planting mode, and then performing the following management method:

(1) spraying 1.2L of paclobutrazol 1000-fold liquid and 1.1L of gibberellin 2000-fold liquid with the concentration of 25% on each fruit tree in the early stage of flower bud differentiation of macadimia nuts in 10-11 months, and simultaneously applying 16kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer to control tips and promote flowers;

(2) spraying 0.9L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.6L of 0.1% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.55L of 0.1% borax and 0.3L of 0.1% monopotassium phosphate to each fruit tree in the beginning of the flower period of the macadimia nuts at the beginning of 2 months;

(3) spraying 0.9L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.6L of brassin 2000 times liquid, 0.8L of 0.1% concentration borax, 0.7L of 0.2% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer and 1.0-1.2L of beeswax water in the full-bloom stage of the macadamia nuts at the bottom of 2 months;

(4) in the initial stage of macadamia nut fruit setting in the early 4 months, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer of 0.7L are applied to each fruit tree.

The compound sodium nitrophenolate is prepared from 5-nitro-o-methoxy sodium phenolate, o-sodium nitrophenolate and p-sodium nitrophenolate according to the mass ratio of (0.8-1.2) to (2-3) to (3-4).

The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of chicken manure, 5-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of urea, 0.5 part of lime and 0.5 part of trace elements of ferroboron and zinc.

The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 15:8: 20.

The statistics of pollen viability, stigma receptivity and fruit set rate of macadamia nuts managed in examples 1 to 3 are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

Note: , + + + + indicates that the stigma is permissive strong, + + indicates that the stigma has permissive property, + indicates that the stigma is permissive weak.

As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the macadimia nuts managed by the flower and fruit promoting comprehensive management method for the macadimia nuts have strong pollen activity of the macadimia nuts of different varieties, have permissibility on stigmas and have high fruit setting rate.

The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made thereto by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.