阅读说明：本技术 一种适宜于柠檬反季秋花果栽培的方法 (Method suitable for cultivating anti-season autumn fruits of lemons ) 是由 杜玉霞 李进学 李晶 岳建强 寸待泽 赖新朴 郭俊 李丹萍 于 2021-10-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种适宜于柠檬反季秋花果栽培的方法,包括整地：对地块进行起高垄,在垄面安装圆柱形控根容器,将土壤、有机肥及化肥混匀,装入控根器中,放入苗木,继续回填压实、幼树期水肥、树形进行常规管理,快速扩大树冠,在雨水集中的时期,在控根器上覆盖防雨盖,根据树体生长情况,适当打开防雨盖进行雨水灌溉,在7月初秋花花芽分化前,在垄面覆盖防水地膜,地膜覆盖避开控根器的位置,连续覆盖防雨盖控水促花,直至叶片出现卷曲状后复水,见秋花花蕾后掀开防水地膜等,通过使用“起高垄+控根器”的栽培方式并配合“防水布+防雨盖”的使用,在秋花成花时期通过干旱胁迫促秋花,实现秋花大量开放,解决柠檬枝梢秋花成花困难的问题。(The invention discloses a method suitable for cultivating anti-season autumn flowers and fruits of lemons, which comprises the following steps of soil preparation: ridging the land, installing a cylindrical root control container on the ridge surface, uniformly mixing soil, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, loading into the root control container, placing the nursery stock, continuously backfilling and compacting, performing conventional management on water and fertilizer in the sapling period and tree shape, rapidly expanding the crown, in the rainwater concentration period, a rain cover is covered on the root control device, the rain cover is properly opened for rainwater irrigation according to the growth condition of the tree body, covering a waterproof mulching film on the ridge surface before flower buds of early autumn in 7 months are differentiated, covering a mulching film to avoid the position of a root control device, continuously covering a rain cover to control water and promote flower growth until leaves are curled, then rehydrating, opening the waterproof mulching film after flower buds of autumn appear, and the like, by using the cultivation mode of 'raising ridges and controlling roots' and matching with the use of 'waterproof cloth and rainproof cover', in the autumn flowering period, the autumn flowers are forced by drought, so that the autumn flowers are opened in a large amount, and the problem of difficult autumn flower flowering at the branch tips of the lemons is solved.)

1. A method suitable for cultivating the anti-season autumn flowers and fruits of lemons is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, soil preparation: ridging the plots to form high ridges, wherein the ridge height is 0.4-0.5m, the ridge bottom width is 1.5-2m, the ridge upper width is 1.2-1.5m, and the ridge spacing is 1.5-2 m; installing a cylindrical root control container on the ridge surface, not placing a base plate, and burying soil 5-10cm at the bottom;

s2, planting: uniformly mixing soil, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, putting into a root controller, putting seedlings, continuously backfilling and compacting, wherein the height of the soil is 5-10cm lower than that of the root controller;

s3, management of sapling stage: performing conventional management on water, fertilizer and tree forms in the sapling period, and rapidly expanding the crown;

s4, picking and pruning fruits: after the fruit bearing period, harvesting autumn flowers and fruits at the end of spring every year, pruning, retracting fruiting branches and tips, and removing dense branch groups;

s5 rain cover: in the rainwater concentration period, covering a waterproof cover on the root control device, and properly opening the cover to irrigate rainwater according to the growth condition of the tree body;

s6, controlling water and promoting flower growth: covering a waterproof mulching film on the ridge surface before flower buds of early autumn in 7 months are differentiated, covering a mulching film to avoid the position of a root control device, continuously covering a rain cover to control water and promote flower growth until blades are curled, then rehydrating, and opening the waterproof mulching film after flower buds of autumn appear;

s7, fertilization management: before spring end pruning, 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of urea are applied to each root, 0.3% of urea is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the urea is sprayed once every 7 days for 3 times; applying 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 50g of potassium sulfate at root in 6 months, spraying 0.3% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, spraying for 3 times once every 7 days; root application of 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of potassium sulfate in the initial flowering phase of 9 months; after the second physiological drop in 11 months is finished, applying 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of urea; 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of potassium sulfate are applied to roots in 1 middle ten days of the month, 0.5% urea is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days for 3 times.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the diameter of root control devices is 0.6-0.8m, the height thereof is 0.4-0.5m, and the root control devices are spaced apart by 1.5-2 m.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the volume ratio of soil to organic fertilizer is 7: 3.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the fertilizer content is added in 200g of balanced compound fertilizer and 100g of calcium superphosphate for each citrus plant.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: and S8, performing conventional management on plant diseases and insect pests, and performing conventional management on the tree forms and the water in other periods according to the phenological period of the autumn flowers and fruits.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable planting, in particular to a method suitable for cultivating autumn fruits of lemon in reverse seasons.

Background

Lemon (A)C. limon (L.) Burm.f.) fruit trees of Rutaceae (Rutaceae) Citrus (Citrus) are generally recognized as healthy fruits because of being rich in fruit acid, vitamin C, limonin, flavonoids, volatile oil, hesperidin and the like, and the planting area of China currently exceeds 250 ten thousand mu. The lemon has the characteristic of growing flowers in four seasons, can be used for producing spring flowers, summer flowers, autumn flowers and winter flowers, and has the potential of producing fresh fruits all year round. The spring flower and fruit blossoming time is in spring, the harvesting time is 8-10 months, the spring flower and fruit is the batch with the highest yield in four seasons, only spring flowers and fruits are generally reserved in production due to the influence of cultivation conditions and yield, but the spring flower and fruit are centrally listed, and the price is the lowest among several batches. The time of coming into the market of autumn flowers and fruits is 3-4 months, and the market price of the fresh fruits of the autumn flowers and fruits is about 1.5 times that of spring flowers and fruits at the time, so that the fresh fruits are fruits in batches with few lemon producing areas and are also fruit batches with the highest economic benefit. However, in the flowering period of autumn flowers and fruits in summer, the lemon trees grow vigorously in high temperature and rain season in the lemon planting area, a large number of nutrient branches are extracted, and the flowering of the branches, tips and autumn flowers of the lemons is difficult to achieve the ideal yield.

Disclosure of Invention

This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The present invention has been made in view of the above and/or other problems with existing lemon planting.

Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method suitable for cultivating the anti-season autumn flowers and fruits of the lemons, which can solve the problem that the autumn flowers and the branches of the lemons are difficult to flower.

To solve the above technical problem, according to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

a method suitable for cultivating the anti-season autumn flowers and fruits of lemons comprises the following steps:

s1, soil preparation: ridging the plots to form high ridges, wherein the ridge height is 0.4-0.5m, the ridge bottom width is 1.5-2m, the ridge upper width is 1.2-1.5m, and the ridge spacing is 1.5-2 m; installing a cylindrical root control container on the ridge surface, not placing a base plate, and burying soil 5-10cm at the bottom;

s2, planting: uniformly mixing soil, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, putting into a root controller, putting seedlings, continuously backfilling and compacting, wherein the height of the soil is 5-10cm lower than that of the root controller;

s3, management of sapling stage: performing conventional management on water, fertilizer and tree forms in the sapling period, and rapidly expanding the crown;

s4, picking and pruning fruits: after the fruit bearing period, harvesting autumn flowers and fruits at the end of spring every year, pruning, retracting fruiting branches and tips, and removing dense branch groups;

s5 rain cover: in the rainwater concentration period, covering a waterproof cover on the root control device, and properly opening the cover to irrigate rainwater according to the growth condition of the tree body;

s6, controlling water and promoting flower growth: covering a waterproof mulching film on the ridge surface before flower buds of early autumn in 7 months are differentiated, covering a mulching film to avoid the position of a root control device, continuously covering a rain cover to control water and promote flower growth until blades are curled, then rehydrating, and opening the waterproof mulching film after flower buds of autumn appear;

s7, fertilization management: before spring end pruning, 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of urea are applied to each root, 0.3% of urea is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the urea is sprayed once every 7 days for 3 times; applying 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 50g of potassium sulfate at root in 6 months, spraying 0.3% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, spraying for 3 times once every 7 days; root application of 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of potassium sulfate in the initial flowering phase of 9 months; after the second physiological drop in 11 months is finished, applying 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of urea; 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of potassium sulfate are applied to roots in 1 middle ten days of the month, 0.5% urea is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days for 3 times.

In a preferred embodiment of the method suitable for cultivation of anti-season autumn flowers and fruits of lemons according to the present invention, in step S1, the diameter of root control devices is 0.6-0.8m, the height thereof is 0.4-0.5m, and the root control devices are spaced 1.5-2m apart.

As a preferable embodiment of the method suitable for cultivating anti-season autumn flowers and fruits of lemons, in the step S2, the volume ratio of soil to organic fertilizer is 7: 3.

As a preferable scheme of the method suitable for cultivating the anti-season autumn flowers and fruits of lemons, in the step S2, the content of the chemical fertilizer is added by 200g of the balanced compound fertilizer and 100g of the calcium superphosphate required by each citrus plant.

As a preferable scheme of the method suitable for cultivating the anti-season autumn flowers and fruits of the lemons, the method further comprises the following steps: and S8, performing conventional management on plant diseases and insect pests, and performing conventional management on the tree forms and the water in other periods according to the phenological period of the autumn flowers and fruits.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the lateral roots are mainly concentrated in the root control device, soil in the root control device is loose, good growth of the roots can be guaranteed, the lateral roots are developed, absorption of nutrients is facilitated, the main roots grow towards the underground along with growth of the tree body, stability of plants is guaranteed, and water can be absorbed from the underground in autumn, winter and spring drought seasons. In the rain season, the waterproof cloth is covered on the ridge surface and the rain cover is covered on the root control device to prevent the rain water in other places from permeating into the root soil, so that the water control cultivation on the open field is realized, and the fertilizer water control is artificially carried out on the lemons cultivated on the ground in the open field. Performing water control treatment in summer with high temperature and high humidity, and controlling the tree shape to be compact and the branch tips to be short and thick for the bare-grown branches, thereby being beneficial to realizing dwarfing close planting cultivation and flower formation; meanwhile, the artificial water control can promote the lemon to be concentrated into flowers in summer and to be opened uniformly in autumn, so that the production of autumn flowers and fruits of the lemon is realized.

2. Through the dwarf close planting cultivation mode of wide-row close planting, 110-year close planting 150 plants per mu are planted, the height of the plants is controlled within 2.5m, the crown width is controlled within 2m, the difficulty of farm work operations such as pesticide spraying, fertilizer application, pruning, fruit picking and the like is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced. By using the scheme of the invention, the cost of the root control device is 700 plus one year 1000 yuan/mu, the cost of the mulching film is 500 yuan/mu, the total investment of facilities is 1500 yuan/mu, and the cost of facilities for constructing the rain shelter for alternate season cultivation is 1-4 ten thousand yuan/mu. In addition, the conventional cultivation generally mainly comprises harvesting spring flowers, the yield per mu is about 2 tons, and the yield value is 1-1.5 ten thousand yuan per mu; after the method is used, autumn flowers and fruits are mainly harvested, the yield of the autumn flowers and fruits is 2 tons/mu, the yield per mu is 1.5-2.5 ten thousand yuan/mu, and the income is obviously increased.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method suitable for cultivating autumn fruits of lemon in reverse season according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the planting status of the method suitable for the cultivation of the anti-season autumn flowers and fruits of lemons.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein for convenience of illustration, the cross-sectional view of the device structure is not enlarged partially according to the general scale, and the drawings are only examples, which should not limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides a method suitable for cultivating anti-season autumn flowers and fruits of lemons, which can solve the problem that the autumn flowers and the branches of the lemons are difficult to flower.

Example 1

With reference to fig. 1-2, the method suitable for the cultivation of the autumn flowers and fruits of the lemons in the off season comprises the following steps:

s1, soil preparation: ridging the plots to form high ridges, wherein the ridge height is 0.4-0.5m, the ridge bottom width is 1.5-2m, the ridge upper width is 1.2-1.5m, and the ridge spacing is 1.5-2 m; installing cylindrical root control containers on the ridge surface without placing a chassis, wherein the diameter of the root control containers is 0.6-0.8m, the height of the root control containers is 0.4-0.5m, the root control containers are spaced at intervals of 1.5-2m, and the bottoms of the root control containers are buried in soil for 5-10 cm;

s2, planting: uniformly mixing soil, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, putting into a root controller, putting seedlings, continuously backfilling and compacting, wherein the height of the soil is 5-10cm lower than that of the root controller;

s3, management of sapling stage: performing conventional management on water, fertilizer and tree forms in the sapling period, and rapidly expanding the crown;

s4, picking and pruning fruits: after the fruit bearing period, harvesting autumn flowers and fruits at the end of spring every year, pruning, retracting fruiting branches and tips, and removing dense branch groups;

s5 rain cover: in the rainwater concentration period, covering a waterproof cover on the root control device, and properly opening the cover to irrigate rainwater according to the growth condition of the tree body;

s6, controlling water and promoting flower growth: covering a waterproof mulching film on the ridge surface before flower buds of early autumn in 7 months are differentiated, covering a mulching film to avoid the position of a root control device, continuously covering a rain cover to control water and promote flower growth until blades are curled, then rehydrating, and opening the waterproof mulching film after flower buds of autumn appear;

s7, fertilization management: before spring end pruning, 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of urea are applied to each root, 0.3% of urea is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the urea is sprayed once every 7 days for 3 times; applying 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 50g of potassium sulfate at root in 6 months, spraying 0.3% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, spraying for 3 times once every 7 days; root application of 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of potassium sulfate in the initial flowering phase of 9 months; after the second physiological drop in 11 months is finished, applying 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of urea; 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of potassium sulfate are applied to roots in 1 middle ten days of the month, 0.5% urea is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days for 3 times.

Example 2

With reference to fig. 1-2, the method suitable for the cultivation of the autumn flowers and fruits of the lemons in the off season comprises the following steps:

s1, soil preparation: ridging the plots to form high ridges, wherein the ridge height is 0.4-0.5m, the ridge bottom width is 1.5-2m, the ridge upper width is 1.2-1.5m, and the ridge spacing is 1.5-2 m; installing cylindrical root control containers on the ridge surface without placing a chassis, wherein the diameter of the root control containers is 0.6-0.8m, the height of the root control containers is 0.4-0.5m, the root control containers are spaced at intervals of 1.5-2m, and the bottoms of the root control containers are buried in soil for 5-10 cm;

s2, planting: uniformly mixing soil, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, wherein the volume ratio of the soil to the organic fertilizer is 7:3, the content of the chemical fertilizer is added according to 200g of balanced compound fertilizer and 100g of calcium superphosphate required by each planted citrus, loading the mixture into a root controller, placing nursery stocks, continuously backfilling and compacting, and the soil height is 5-10cm lower than that of the root controller;

s3, management of sapling stage: performing conventional management on water, fertilizer and tree forms in the sapling period, and rapidly expanding the crown;

s4, picking and pruning fruits: after the fruit bearing period, harvesting autumn flowers and fruits at the end of spring every year, pruning, retracting fruiting branches and tips, and removing dense branch groups;

s5 rain cover: in the rainwater concentration period, covering a waterproof cover on the root control device, and properly opening the cover to irrigate rainwater according to the growth condition of the tree body;

s6, controlling water and promoting flower growth: covering a waterproof mulching film on the ridge surface before flower buds of early autumn in 7 months are differentiated, covering a mulching film to avoid the position of a root control device, continuously covering a rain cover to control water and promote flower growth until blades are curled, then rehydrating, and opening the waterproof mulching film after flower buds of autumn appear;

s7, fertilization management: before spring end pruning, 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of urea are applied to each root, 0.3% of urea is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the urea is sprayed once every 7 days for 3 times; applying 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 50g of potassium sulfate at root in 6 months, spraying 0.3% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, spraying for 3 times once every 7 days; root application of 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of potassium sulfate in the initial flowering phase of 9 months; after the second physiological drop in 11 months is finished, applying 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of urea; 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of potassium sulfate are applied to roots in 1 middle ten days of the month, 0.5% urea is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days for 3 times.

Example 3

With reference to fig. 1-2, the method suitable for the cultivation of the autumn flowers and fruits of the lemons in the off season comprises the following steps:

s1, soil preparation: ridging the plots to form high ridges, wherein the ridge height is 0.4-0.5m, the ridge bottom width is 1.5-2m, the ridge upper width is 1.2-1.5m, and the ridge spacing is 1.5-2 m; installing cylindrical root control containers on the ridge surface without placing a chassis, wherein the diameter of the root control containers is 0.6-0.8m, the height of the root control containers is 0.4-0.5m, the root control containers are spaced at intervals of 1.5-2m, and the bottoms of the root control containers are buried in soil for 5-10 cm;

s2, planting: uniformly mixing soil, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, wherein the volume ratio of the soil to the organic fertilizer is 7:3, the content of the chemical fertilizer is added according to 200g of balanced compound fertilizer and 100g of calcium superphosphate required by each planted citrus, loading the mixture into a root controller, placing nursery stocks, continuously backfilling and compacting, and the soil height is 5-10cm lower than that of the root controller;

s3, management of sapling stage: performing conventional management on water, fertilizer and tree forms in the sapling period, and rapidly expanding the crown;

s4, picking and pruning fruits: after the fruit bearing period, harvesting autumn flowers and fruits at the end of spring every year, pruning, retracting fruiting branches and tips, and removing dense branch groups;

s5 rain cover: in the rainwater concentration period, covering a waterproof cover on the root control device, and properly opening the cover to irrigate rainwater according to the growth condition of the tree body;

s6, controlling water and promoting flower growth: covering a waterproof mulching film on the ridge surface before flower buds of early autumn in 7 months are differentiated, covering a mulching film to avoid the position of a root control device, continuously covering a rain cover to control water and promote flower growth until blades are curled, then rehydrating, and opening the waterproof mulching film after flower buds of autumn appear;

s7, fertilization management: before spring end pruning, 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of urea are applied to each root, 0.3% of urea is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the urea is sprayed once every 7 days for 3 times; applying 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 50g of potassium sulfate at root in 6 months, spraying 0.3% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, spraying for 3 times once every 7 days; root application of 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of potassium sulfate in the initial flowering phase of 9 months; after the second physiological drop in 11 months is finished, applying 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of urea; 100g of balanced compound fertilizer and 30g of potassium sulfate are applied to roots in 1 middle ten days of the month, 0.5% urea is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days for 3 times.

And S8, performing conventional management on plant diseases and insect pests, and performing conventional management on the tree forms and the water in other periods according to the phenological period of the autumn flowers and fruits.

In conclusion, the invention concentrates the side roots of the planted lemon trees mainly in the root control device, the soil in the root control device is loose, the good growth of the roots can be ensured, the side roots are developed, the nutrient absorption is facilitated, the main roots grow to the underground along with the growth of the tree bodies, the plants are ensured to be stable, and the moisture can be absorbed from the underground in autumn, winter and spring drought seasons. In the rain season, the waterproof cloth is covered on the ridge surface and the rain cover is covered on the root control device to prevent the rain water in other places from permeating into the root soil, so that the water control cultivation on the open field is realized, and the fertilizer water control is artificially carried out on the lemons cultivated on the ground in the open field. Performing water control treatment in summer with high temperature and high humidity, and controlling the tree shape to be compact and the branch tips to be short and thick for the bare-grown branches, thereby being beneficial to realizing dwarfing close planting cultivation and flower formation; meanwhile, the artificial water control can promote the lemon to be concentrated into flowers in summer and to be opened uniformly in autumn, so that the production of autumn flowers and fruits of the lemon is realized.

Through the dwarf close planting cultivation mode of wide-row close planting, 110-year close planting 150 plants per mu are planted, the height of the plants is controlled within 2.5m, the crown width is controlled within 2m, the difficulty of farm work operations such as pesticide spraying, fertilizer application, pruning, fruit picking and the like is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced. By using the scheme of the invention, the cost of the root control device is 700 plus one year 1000 yuan/mu, the cost of the mulching film is 500 yuan/mu, the total investment of facilities is 1500 yuan/mu, and the cost of facilities for constructing the rain shelter for alternate season cultivation is 1-4 ten thousand yuan/mu. In addition, the conventional cultivation generally mainly comprises harvesting spring flowers, the yield per mu is about 2 tons, and the yield value is 1-1.5 ten thousand yuan per mu; after the method is used, autumn flowers and fruits are mainly harvested, the yield of the autumn flowers and fruits is 2 tons/mu, the yield per mu is 1.5-2.5 ten thousand yuan/mu, and the income is obviously increased.

While the invention has been described above with reference to an embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features of the disclosed embodiments of the invention may be used in any combination, provided that no structural conflict exists, and the combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification merely for the sake of brevity and resource conservation. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.