阅读说明：本技术 一种水平井压裂装置及压裂方法 (Horizontal well fracturing device and fracturing method ) 是由 李启国 李振雄 于 2021-10-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种水平井压裂装置及压裂方法,涉及水平井压裂改造技术领域,包括控制解析机构、光纤、电缆、多个套管和多个压裂滑套,压裂滑套包括连接管、驱动部件和滑动套筒,连接管上沿周向设置有多个喷砂口,驱动部件固定于连接管的外壁上,滑动套筒滑动套设于连接管外部,驱动部件用于驱动滑动套筒沿连接管的轴向往复移动进而封闭或打开多个喷砂口,多个套管沿水平方向依次设置,任意相邻的两个套管通过一个连接管连接,多个驱动部件均通过电缆与控制解析机构连接,光纤的一端与控制解析机构连接,光纤的另一端沿多个套管和多个连接管的轴向延伸设置,进而便于对进砂进液情况和各段的产量进行监测,更加高效,低风险,对生产及后期作业有利。(The invention discloses a horizontal well fracturing device and a fracturing method, which relate to the technical field of horizontal well fracturing reformation and comprise a control analysis mechanism, an optical fiber, a cable, a plurality of sleeves and a plurality of fracturing sliding sleeves, wherein each fracturing sliding sleeve comprises a connecting pipe, a driving part and a sliding sleeve, a plurality of sand blasting ports are arranged on the connecting pipe along the circumferential direction, the driving part is fixed on the outer wall of the connecting pipe, the sliding sleeve is sleeved outside the connecting pipe in a sliding manner, the driving part is used for driving the sliding sleeve to move back and forth along the axial direction of the connecting pipe so as to close or open the sand blasting ports, the sleeves are sequentially arranged along the horizontal direction, any two adjacent sleeves are connected through one connecting pipe, the driving parts are connected with the control analysis mechanism through the cable, one end of the optical fiber is connected with the control analysis mechanism, the other end of the optical fiber is arranged along the axial directions of the sleeves and the connecting pipes in an extending manner, and then be convenient for monitor the output of advancing sand feed liquor condition and each section, it is more high-efficient, low risk, favorable to production and later stage operation.)

1. A horizontal well fracturing device is characterized by comprising a control analysis mechanism, an optical fiber, a cable, a plurality of sleeves and a plurality of fracturing sliding sleeves, wherein each fracturing sliding sleeve comprises a connecting pipe, a driving part and a sliding sleeve, a plurality of sand blasting openings are formed in the connecting pipe along the circumferential direction, the driving part is fixed on the outer wall of the connecting pipe, the sliding sleeve is sleeved outside the connecting pipe in a sliding mode, the driving part is used for driving the sliding sleeve to move in a reciprocating mode along the axial direction of the connecting pipe so as to seal or open the sand blasting openings, the sleeves are sequentially arranged along the horizontal direction, any two adjacent sleeves are connected through one connecting pipe, the sleeves and the fracturing sliding sleeves are arranged in a horizontal well, the driving parts are connected with the control analysis mechanism through the cable, one end of the optical fiber is connected with the control analysis mechanism, and the other end of the optical fiber extends along the axial direction of the plurality of sleeves and the plurality of connecting pipes.

2. The horizontal well fracturing device of claim 1 wherein the control resolution mechanism comprises an optical fiber resolver and a sliding sleeve controller, the optical fiber being connected to the optical fiber resolver, and the plurality of drive components being connected to the sliding sleeve controller via the cable.

3. The horizontal well fracturing device of claim 1, wherein the connecting pipe comprises a middle pipe section and two connecting pipe sections respectively arranged at two ends of the middle pipe section, one sleeve is arranged in each connecting pipe section, the inner diameter of each sleeve is the same as that of the middle pipe section, and the plurality of sand blasting ports are circumferentially arranged on the middle pipe section.

4. The horizontal well fracturing device of claim 3 wherein the casing is threadedly mounted in the connecting tubing section.

5. The horizontal well fracturing device of claim 1 wherein the outer wall of the casing is provided with a first groove extending in the axial direction, the outer wall of the connecting tube is provided with a second groove extending in the axial direction, the cable is disposed in the plurality of first grooves and the plurality of second grooves, and the optical fiber is disposed in the plurality of first grooves and the plurality of second grooves.

6. The horizontal well fracturing device of claim 1 wherein the drive member is disposed at one end of the outer wall of the connecting tube and the plurality of sand blasting ports are disposed at the other end of the connecting tube.

7. The horizontal well fracturing device of claim 1 wherein the drive component is a linear push rod motor, the push rod of which is connected to the sliding sleeve.

8. A fracturing method based on the horizontal well fracturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:

after a horizontal well is drilled, determining an interval needing fracturing modification, connecting a plurality of fracturing sliding sleeves and a plurality of casings and putting the casings into the horizontal well, putting the cables and the optical fibers into the horizontal well along with the casings and the fracturing sliding sleeves, and then performing casing well cementation operation;

step two, after ground fracturing construction equipment is prepared, the fracturing sliding sleeve corresponding to the interval to be fractured is opened by the control analysis mechanism, and the seismic wave generated by the opening of the fracturing sliding sleeve is detected by the optical fiber and confirmed;

thirdly, fracturing transformation is carried out on the layer section corresponding to the opened fracturing sliding sleeve through the ground fracturing construction equipment;

after fracturing construction, closing the fracturing sliding sleeve corresponding to the just fractured interval by using the control analysis mechanism;

step five, repeating the step two to the step four, and performing fracturing reconstruction on all the intervals;

sixthly, performing flowback work by selectively opening the fracturing sliding sleeve;

and seventhly, putting into production after the flowback is finished.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of horizontal well fracturing modification, in particular to a horizontal well fracturing device and a fracturing method.

Background

At present, two types of technologies are generally applied in the multi-section fracturing reconstruction aspect of a horizontal well in the petroleum industry, one is pump-type drillable (or soluble) bridge Plug packing perforation combination (Plug-n-Perf, PnP), and the other is a well cementation ball throwing (or continuous oil pipe opening) sliding sleeve technology (ballActivated Frac sheets, BAFS).

The concrete process of the pumping bridge plug and the cable perforation combined staged fracturing technology combined use comprises the following steps: firstly, cleaning a shaft, thereby ensuring the cleanness of the shaft and ensuring the implementation of the subsequent steps; secondly, using a coiled tubing conveying perforation to shoot open the first layer section; thirdly, fracturing the first section of the optical sleeve; fourthly, under the condition that a wellhead is provided with a cable sealing device, a logging cable is utilized to convey the bridge plug/selective perforating combined tool string to a large well inclined section, the wellhead is pumped by hydraulic power to push the tool string to reach a downhole target interval, bridge plug setting and clustering perforating are respectively completed, the tool string is taken out, and a second section is fractured by a light sleeve; fifthly, the process is repeated; and sixthly, after fracturing of each section is finished, performing subsequent work such as liquid drainage, plug drilling, plug sweeping and the like. The pumping bridge plug and cable perforation are combined to be a staged fracturing technology, and the method has the following defects: 1. the process repeatedly pumps the bridge plug and the perforating gun to a target layer of a horizontal well section, tools with complex structures enter and exit the well, and accidents such as tool string pump falling, incapability of setting the bridge plug and the like occur in the pumping process, so that the risk is high. 2. The process flow is complex, and the construction interval time between two sections is normally about 3-5 hours. 3. Once the casing in the horizontal section is slightly deformed, the bridge plug cannot be pumped, and the construction must be abandoned, so that the drilling investment is in high flow. 4. After fracturing construction, drilling and plugging operations (or cleaning with soluble bridge plugs) must be carried out, and the formation is damaged.

The horizontal well cementing ball-throwing opening (or coiled tubing opening) sliding sleeve process is characterized in that a multi-stage sliding sleeve is prefabricated when a casing is put after an oil-gas well is drilled, well cementing construction is carried out after the casing is put in, a first-stage sliding sleeve is opened through pressure during fracturing, after the first-stage fracturing construction is completed, subsequent sliding sleeves are sequentially opened through different sizes of seals, and the previous stage is plugged and isolated and then fractured. The horizontal well pitching sliding sleeve staged fracturing technology has the following defects: 1. when the fracturing construction is carried out, balls with different sizes are driven from small to large, so that the number of stages of fracturing is limited. 2. The ball seats with different sizes are arranged in the sleeve, and drilling and grinding are needed in the later period to damage the reservoir. 3. The ball seat with smaller bore diameter is arranged in the sleeve, which affects the fluid circulation and the later productivity.

In addition to the disadvantages listed above for the two fracturing processes, there are some common disadvantages that 1. it is not possible to determine which cluster section is fed into the sand during fracturing, the fracture monitoring operation can be performed but the cost is not low, and there must be a monitoring well nearby that is not producing and is located a suitable distance away. 2. The production contribution condition of each fracturing interval cannot be determined after fracturing, and the production profile measurement operation can be carried out, but the cost is low and the process is complex.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the horizontal well fracturing device and the fracturing method, which are convenient for monitoring the sand and liquid feeding condition and the yield of each section, are more efficient and low in risk, and are beneficial to production and later-period operation.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a horizontal well fracturing device which comprises a control analysis mechanism, an optical fiber, a cable, a plurality of sleeves and a plurality of fracturing sliding sleeves, wherein each fracturing sliding sleeve comprises a connecting pipe, a driving part and a sliding sleeve, a plurality of sand blasting openings are formed in the connecting pipe in the circumferential direction, the driving part is fixed on the outer wall of the connecting pipe, the sliding sleeve is sleeved outside the connecting pipe in a sliding manner, the driving part is used for driving the sliding sleeve to move back and forth along the axial direction of the connecting pipe so as to close or open the sand blasting openings, the sleeves are sequentially arranged in the horizontal direction, any two adjacent sleeves are connected through one connecting pipe, the sleeves and the fracturing sliding sleeves are arranged in a horizontal well, the driving parts are connected with the control analysis mechanism through the cable, one end of the optical fiber is connected with the control analysis mechanism, the other end of the optical fiber extends along the axial direction of the plurality of the sleeves and the plurality of the connecting pipes.

Preferably, the control analysis mechanism comprises an optical fiber analyzer and a sliding sleeve controller, the optical fiber is connected with the optical fiber analyzer, and the plurality of driving components are connected with the sliding sleeve controller through the cable.

Preferably, the connecting pipe comprises a middle pipe section and two connecting pipe sections respectively arranged at two ends of the middle pipe section, one sleeve is installed in each connecting pipe section, the inner diameter of each sleeve is the same as that of the middle pipe section, and the plurality of sand blasting ports are circumferentially arranged on the middle pipe section.

Preferably, the casing is threadedly mounted in the connecting pipe section.

Preferably, a first groove extending in the axial direction is formed in the outer wall of the sleeve, a second groove extending in the axial direction is formed in the outer wall of the connecting tube, the cable is disposed in the plurality of first grooves and the plurality of second grooves, and the optical fiber is disposed in the plurality of first grooves and the plurality of second grooves.

Preferably, the driving part is disposed at one end of an outer wall of the connection pipe, and the plurality of sand blasting ports are disposed at the other end of the connection pipe.

Preferably, the driving part is a linear push rod motor, and a push rod of the linear push rod motor is connected with the sliding sleeve.

The invention also provides a fracturing method based on the horizontal well fracturing device, which comprises the following steps:

after a horizontal well is drilled, determining an interval needing fracturing modification, connecting a plurality of fracturing sliding sleeves and a plurality of casings and putting the casings into the horizontal well, putting the cables and the optical fibers into the horizontal well along with the casings and the fracturing sliding sleeves, and then performing casing well cementation operation;

step two, after ground fracturing construction equipment is prepared, the fracturing sliding sleeve corresponding to the interval to be fractured is opened by the control analysis mechanism, and the seismic wave generated by the opening of the fracturing sliding sleeve is detected by the optical fiber and confirmed;

thirdly, fracturing transformation is carried out on the layer section corresponding to the opened fracturing sliding sleeve through the ground fracturing construction equipment;

after fracturing construction, closing the fracturing sliding sleeve corresponding to the just fractured interval by using the control analysis mechanism;

step five, repeating the step two to the step four, and performing fracturing reconstruction on all the intervals;

sixthly, performing flowback work by selectively opening the fracturing sliding sleeve;

and seventhly, putting into production after the flowback is finished.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

according to the horizontal well fracturing device and the fracturing method provided by the invention, the optical fiber can be used for detecting the opening and closing of the fracturing sliding sleeve, can be used for fracturing monitoring, namely monitoring the sand inlet and liquid inlet conditions, and can also be used for monitoring the yield, namely monitoring the production contribution of each section. Open the fracturing sliding sleeve that the interval that needs the fracturing corresponds with the analytic mechanism of control, carry out the fracturing transformation to the interval that the fracturing sliding sleeve that opens corresponds through ground fracturing construction equipment, open the fracturing sliding sleeve through the selectivity after the fracturing transformation is accomplished and carry out flowback work. The fracturing sliding sleeve can be quickly opened and closed by operating the control analysis mechanism, so that the time difference of fracturing different layer sections is very short, and the fracturing is more efficient; without any downhole tools (oil, bridge plugs) or perforating guns (PnP), there is no risk of engineering accidents; the full drift diameter in the casing, namely, the ball seat of BASF or the bridge plug of PnP is not available, which is beneficial to production and later operation; the optical fiber can monitor which interval is not optimized enough in production and perform repeated fracturing on the interval independently, so that the problem of incomplete modification of a certain production section is solved; the optical fiber can monitor which interval produces water and close the corresponding sliding sleeve, so that the problem of water production of a certain production section is solved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal well fracturing apparatus provided by the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between a casing and a fracturing sliding sleeve in the horizontal well fracturing device provided by the invention.

Description of reference numerals: 100. a horizontal well fracturing device; 1. horizontal wells; 2. a sleeve; 3. fracturing the sliding sleeve; 31. a connecting pipe; 32. a sand blasting port; 33. a drive member; 34. a sliding sleeve; 4. a sliding sleeve controller; 5. an optical fiber resolver; 6. artificial cracking; 7. a cable; 8. an optical fiber.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to provide a horizontal well fracturing device and a fracturing method, which are convenient for monitoring sand feeding and liquid feeding conditions and the yield of each section, are more efficient, have low risk and are beneficial to production and later-period operation.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a horizontal well fracturing device 100, which includes a control analysis mechanism, an optical fiber 8, a cable 7, a plurality of sleeves 2 and a plurality of fracturing sliding sleeves 3, where the fracturing sliding sleeves 3 include a connecting pipe 31, a driving part 33 and a sliding sleeve 34, a plurality of sand blasting ports 32 are circumferentially disposed on the connecting pipe 31, the driving part 33 is fixed on an outer wall of the connecting pipe 31, the sliding sleeve 34 is slidably sleeved outside the connecting pipe 31, and the driving part 33 is configured to drive the sliding sleeve 34 to reciprocate along an axial direction of the connecting pipe 31 to further close or open the plurality of sand blasting ports 32, that is, the fracturing sliding sleeve 3 in the present embodiment can be repeatedly opened and closed. A plurality of sleeve pipes 2 set gradually along the horizontal direction, arbitrary two adjacent sleeve pipes 2 are connected through a connecting pipe 31, a plurality of sleeve pipes 2 and a plurality of fracturing sliding sleeves 3 are used for setting up in horizontal well 1, control analytic mechanism is used for placing subaerially, a plurality of driver part 33 all are connected with control analytic mechanism through cable 7, control analytic mechanism can control a plurality of driver part 33 respectively through cable 7's connection, and then carry out the repetition switch to fracturing sliding sleeve 3, and can switch at will at any time, and is easy and simple to handle, the reaction time is short, high efficiency. One end of the optical fiber 8 is connected with the control analysis mechanism, the other end of the optical fiber 8 extends along the axial direction of the plurality of sleeves 2 and the plurality of connecting pipes 31, the optical fiber 8 transmits signals to the control analysis mechanism, and the control analysis mechanism analyzes the received signals.

Specifically, control analytic mechanism includes optic fibre resolver 5 and sliding sleeve controller 4, optic fibre 8 is connected with optic fibre resolver 5, optic fibre 8 is with signal transmission to optic fibre resolver 5, optic fibre resolver 5 is analyzed the signal of receiving and is monitored the situation in the pit, a plurality of driver part 33 all are connected with sliding sleeve controller 4 through cable 7, sliding sleeve controller 4 can control driver part 33 through the connection of cable 7, make driver part 33 drive sliding sleeve 34 reciprocating motion, seal or open a plurality of sandblast mouths 32. The optical fiber resolver 5 and the sliding sleeve controller 4 are both arranged on the ground.

Specifically, the connecting pipe 31 includes a middle pipe section and two connecting pipe sections respectively disposed at two ends of the middle pipe section, a casing 2 is installed in each connecting pipe section, the inner diameter of the casing 2 is the same as that of the middle pipe section, and the plurality of sand blasting ports 32 are circumferentially disposed on the middle pipe section.

In this embodiment, the casing 2 is installed in the connecting pipe section in a threaded manner, that is, the outer walls at the two ends of the casing 2 are both provided with external threads, and the inner wall of the connecting pipe section is provided with internal threads matched with the external threads in structure.

In this embodiment, the outer wall of the sleeve 2 is provided with a first groove extending along the axial direction, the outer wall of the connecting pipe 31 is provided with a second groove extending along the axial direction, the cable 7 is disposed in the plurality of first grooves and the plurality of second grooves, and the optical fiber 8 is disposed in the plurality of first grooves and the plurality of second grooves. The first and second grooves are used to accommodate the cable 7 and the optical fiber 8, thereby protecting the cable 7 and the optical fiber 8.

Specifically, the driving part 33 is provided at one end on the outer wall of the connection pipe 31, and the plurality of blasting ports 32 are provided at the other end of the connection pipe 31.

In the present embodiment, the driving part 33 is a linear push rod motor, and a push rod of the linear push rod motor is connected to the sliding sleeve 34. When the sand blasting machine works, the sliding sleeve 34 seals the plurality of sand blasting openings 32 when the push rod of the linear push rod motor extends out, and the sliding sleeve 34 opens the plurality of sand blasting openings 32 when the push rod of the linear push rod motor contracts.

The embodiment also provides a fracturing method based on the horizontal well fracturing device 100, which comprises the following steps:

after a horizontal well 1 is drilled, determining an interval needing fracturing transformation, connecting a plurality of fracturing sliding sleeves 3 and a plurality of casings 2 and putting the casings 2 into the horizontal well 1, putting a cable 7 and an optical fiber 8 into the horizontal well 1 along with the casings 2 and the fracturing sliding sleeves 3, and then performing casing 2 well cementation operation;

step two, after the ground fracturing construction equipment is prepared, opening the fracturing sliding sleeves 3 corresponding to the intervals needing fracturing by using a control analysis mechanism, specifically, opening one or more fracturing sliding sleeves 3 corresponding to the intervals according to actual requirements, wherein the shock waves generated by the opening of the fracturing sliding sleeves 3 can be detected by the optical fibers 8 and confirmed;

thirdly, fracturing transformation is carried out on the corresponding interval of the opened fracturing sliding sleeve 3 through ground fracturing construction equipment, and artificial cracks 6 are formed along the sand blasting ports 32;

after fracturing construction, closing the fracturing sliding sleeve 3 corresponding to the just fractured layer section by using a control analysis mechanism;

step five, repeating the step two to the step four, and performing fracturing reconstruction on all intervals;

sixthly, performing flowback work by selectively opening the fracturing sliding sleeve 3;

and seventhly, putting into production after the flowback is finished.

In the embodiment, a plurality of sleeves 2 are connected with a plurality of fracturing sliding sleeves 3, the fracturing sliding sleeves 3 are provided with sand blasting ports 32, and a driving part 33 can drive the sliding sleeves 34 to repeatedly open and close the sand blasting ports 32, so that any downhole tool (oil connecting, bridge plug) or perforating gun (PnP) is not needed, the fracturing sliding sleeves 3 can be quickly opened and closed by operating on a control analysis mechanism, the time difference of fracturing different intervals is very short, the fracturing is more efficient, and at least 4 hours are needed between interval fractures in a pumping bridge plug process (PnP) which is most commonly applied in the industry at present, so that the working efficiency is remarkably improved by the device and the method in the embodiment; and the full drift diameter in the casing 2, namely without a ball seat of BASF or a bridge plug of PnP, is beneficial to production and later operation.

The optical fiber 8 in this embodiment can be used to detect the opening and closing of the fracturing sliding sleeve 3; the method can be used for fracture monitoring, namely monitoring the sand inlet and liquid inlet conditions, and can be used for simulating the length of a fracture, the existing fracture monitoring method in the industry is ground micro-seismic monitoring or adjacent well underground micro-seismic monitoring, but the problems of inconvenience in construction, high cost and accuracy exist, and the method for performing fracture monitoring by adopting the optical fiber 8 in the embodiment has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in construction, low cost and high accuracy; the method can also be used for monitoring the yield, namely monitoring the production contribution of each section, the traditional method is to perform production profile test (using a crawler or a coiled tubing) on the horizontal well 1, but the method has the problems of construction engineering risk and high cost, and the method for monitoring the yield by using the optical fiber 8 in the embodiment has low risk and low cost. The optical fiber 8 can monitor which interval is not optimized enough in production and perform repeated fracturing on the interval independently, so that the problem of incomplete modification of a certain production section is solved. The optical fiber 8 can monitor which interval produces water and close the corresponding fracturing sliding sleeve 3, so that the problem of water production of a certain production section is solved.

The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.