阅读说明：本技术 压缩气体储能装置和方法 (Compressed gas energy storage device and method ) 是由 张学锋 俞国华 郑开云 池捷成 陶林 白江涛 于 2021-08-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种压缩气体储能装置和方法,所述压缩气体储能装置包括压缩冷却机组、第一冷却器、储气库、第一加热器和加热膨胀机组,第一冷却器内具有相互独立且可进行热交换的第一通道和第二通道,第一冷却器的第一通道的一端与压缩冷却机组连通,储气库与第一冷却器的第一通道的另一端连通,第一加热器内具有相互独立且可进行热交换的第三通道和第四通道,第一加热器的第三通道一端与储气库连通,第一加热器的第四通道的一端与第一冷却器的第二通道一端连通,第一加热器的第四通道的另一端与第一冷却器的第二通道的另一端连通,加热膨胀机组与第一加热器的第三通道的另一端连通。本发明的压缩气体储能装置具有结构简单、储气库利用率高等优点。(The invention discloses a compressed gas energy storage device and a method, the compressed gas energy storage device comprises a compression cooling unit and a first cooler, the air storage device comprises an air storage bank, a first heater and a heating expansion unit, wherein a first channel and a second channel which are independent from each other and can perform heat exchange are arranged in a first cooler, one end of the first channel of the first cooler is communicated with a compression cooling unit, the air storage bank is communicated with the other end of the first channel of the first cooler, a third channel and a fourth channel which are independent from each other and can perform heat exchange are arranged in the first heater, one end of the third channel of the first heater is communicated with the air storage bank, one end of the fourth channel of the first heater is communicated with one end of the second channel of the first cooler, the other end of the fourth channel of the first heater is communicated with the other end of the second channel of the first cooler, and the heating expansion unit is communicated with the other end of the third channel of the first heater. The compressed gas energy storage device has the advantages of simple structure, high utilization rate of the gas storage, and the like.)

1. A compressed gas energy storage device, comprising:

a compression cooling unit for compressing and cooling gas to store external electric energy;

the first cooler is internally provided with a first channel and a second channel which are independent from each other and can perform heat exchange, and one end of the first channel of the first cooler is communicated with the compression cooling unit so that the temperature of gas flowing out of the compression cooling unit is reduced to a first preset temperature to reduce the volume of the compressed gas;

a gas storage communicated with the other end of the first passage of the first cooler for storing the cooled gas;

a first heater having a third channel and a fourth channel therein, which are independent of each other and can perform heat exchange, wherein one end of the third channel of the first heater is communicated with the gas reservoir for heating the gas flowing out of the gas reservoir, one end of the fourth channel of the first heater is communicated with one end of the second channel of the first cooler, and the other end of the fourth channel of the first heater is communicated with the other end of the second channel of the first cooler, so that a first cooling medium circulates between the first heater and the first cooler;

a heating expansion unit communicated with the other end of the third passage of the first heater so that the gas flowing out of the first heater is expanded to generate power.

2. The compressed gas energy storage device according to claim 1, further comprising a first tank and a second tank, the first tank being connected between one end of the second passage of the first cooler and one end of the fourth passage of the first heater for storing the first cooling medium flowing out of the first cooler and supplying the first cooling medium to the first heater,

the second tank is connected between the other end of the second passage of the first cooler and the other end of the fourth passage of the first heater, for storing the first cooling medium flowing out of the first heater and supplying the first cooling medium to the first cooler.

3. The compressed gas energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the compression cooling unit comprises a compressor and a second cooler, the second cooler has a fifth channel and a sixth channel which are independent of each other and can perform heat exchange, one end of the fifth channel of the second cooler is communicated with the first channel of the first cooler, and the other end of the fifth channel of the second cooler is communicated with the compressor, so as to cool the gas flowing out of the compressor to a second preset temperature.

4. The compressed gas energy storage device according to claim 3, wherein the heating and expanding unit comprises an expander and a second heater, the second heater has a seventh channel and an eighth channel therein, which are independent of each other and can perform heat exchange, one end of the seventh channel of the second heater is communicated with the third channel of the first heater, and the other end of the seventh channel of the second heater is communicated with the expander, so as to heat the gas flowing into the expander.

5. The compressed gas energy storage device of claim 4, further comprising a third tank connected between one end of the sixth passage of the second cooler and one end of the eighth passage of the second heater for storing a second cooling medium flowing out of the second heater and providing the second cooling medium to the second cooler.

6. The compressed gas energy storage device of claim 4, further comprising a fourth tank connected between the other end of the sixth passage of the second cooler and the other end of the eighth passage of the second heater for storing a second cooling medium flowing out of the second cooler and supplying the second cooling medium to the second heater.

7. A compressed gas energy storage device according to any of claims 1 to 6 wherein at least one of the outer and inner peripheral sides of the gas reservoir is provided with an insulating layer to insulate the gas within the gas reservoir.

8. A compressed gas energy storage device according to any of claims 1 to 6 further comprising a throttle valve provided between the reservoir and the first heater for regulating the magnitude of the flow of gas from the reservoir.

9. A compressed gas energy storage method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: compressing and storing energy for gas;

s2: cooling the compressed gas to a first preset temperature so as to reduce the volume of the compressed gas, and storing the cooled gas;

s3: heating the gas to a second preset temperature when energy needs to be released;

s4: and expanding the heated gas to generate power.

10. The compressed gas energy storage method according to claim 9, wherein in step S1, before the gas is compressed and stored, the gas is subjected to water removal, carbon dioxide removal and the like.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of compressed air energy storage, in particular to a compressed gas energy storage device and a compressed gas energy storage method.

Background

The compressed air energy storage technology is an electric energy storage system capable of realizing large capacity and long-time electric energy storage, and the compressed air energy storage technology stores redundant electric power in a mode that normal pressure air is compressed to high pressure and stored by a compressor, and releases high pressure air and expands to do work to generate electricity when electricity is needed.

In the related technology, a large amount of heat is generated in the process of storing energy by compressed air, so that heat energy is wasted, the utilization efficiency of a gas storage is low, an overlarge volume is required to be configured, and the site selection, the land occupation and the investment of a compressed gas energy storage device are very unfavorable.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.

Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides the compressed gas energy storage device which is simple in structure, high in heat utilization rate and high in gas storage utilization rate.

The embodiment of the invention provides a compressed gas energy storage method with simple steps and low cost.

The compressed gas energy storage device according to the embodiment of the invention comprises: a compression cooling unit for compressing and cooling gas to store external electric energy; the first cooler is internally provided with a first channel and a second channel which are independent from each other and can perform heat exchange, and one end of the first channel of the first cooler is communicated with the compression cooling unit so that the temperature of gas flowing out of the compression cooling unit is reduced to a first preset temperature to reduce the volume of the compressed gas; a gas storage communicated with the other end of the first passage of the first cooler for storing the cooled gas; a first heater having a third channel and a fourth channel therein, which are independent of each other and can perform heat exchange, wherein one end of the third channel of the first heater is communicated with the gas reservoir for heating the gas flowing out of the gas reservoir, one end of the fourth channel of the first heater is communicated with one end of the second channel of the first cooler, and the other end of the fourth channel of the first heater is communicated with the other end of the second channel of the first cooler, so that a first cooling medium circulates between the first heater and the first cooler; a heating expansion unit communicated with the other end of the third passage of the first heater so that the gas flowing out of the first heater is expanded to generate power.

According to the compressed gas energy storage device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the compressed gas is reduced and the gas density is increased through the arrangement of the first cooler, so that the storage capacity of the gas storage is improved and the volume of the gas storage is reduced.

In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage device further includes a first tank connected between one end of the second passage of the first cooler and one end of the fourth passage of the first heater for storing the first cooling medium flowing out of the first cooler and supplying the first cooling medium to the first heater, and a second tank connected between the other end of the second passage of the first cooler and the other end of the fourth passage of the first heater for storing the first cooling medium flowing out of the first heater and supplying the first cooling medium to the first cooler.

In some embodiments, the compression cooling unit includes a compressor and a second cooler, the second cooler has a fifth channel and a sixth channel independent from each other and capable of performing heat exchange, one end of the fifth channel of the second cooler is communicated with the first channel of the first cooler, and the other end of the fifth channel of the second cooler is communicated with the compressor, so as to cool the gas flowing out of the compressor to a second preset temperature.

In some embodiments, the heating expansion unit includes an expander and a second heater, the second heater has a seventh channel and an eighth channel therein, the seventh channel and the eighth channel are independent of each other and can perform heat exchange, one end of the seventh channel of the second heater is communicated with the third channel of the first heater, and the other end of the seventh channel of the second heater is communicated with the expander so as to heat the gas flowing into the expander.

In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage device further comprises a third tank connected between one end of the sixth passage of the second cooler and one end of the eighth passage of the second heater for storing a second cooling medium flowing out of the second heater and providing the second cooling medium to the second cooler.

In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage device further comprises a fourth tank connected between the other end of the sixth passage of the second cooler and the other end of the eighth passage of the second heater for storing a second cooling medium flowing out of the second cooler and supplying the second cooling medium to the second heater.

In some embodiments, at least one of the outer and inner peripheral sides of the gas reservoir is provided with an insulating layer to insulate the gas within the gas reservoir.

In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage device further comprises a throttle valve disposed between the reservoir and the first heater for regulating the magnitude of the flow of gas out of the reservoir.

The compressed gas energy storage method comprises the following steps: s1: compressing and storing energy for gas; s2: cooling the compressed gas to a first preset temperature so as to reduce the volume of the compressed gas, and storing the cooled gas; s3: heating the gas to a second preset temperature when energy needs to be released; s4: and expanding the heated gas to generate power.

In some embodiments, in step S1, before the gas is compressed to store energy, the gas is subjected to water removal, carbon dioxide removal, and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a compressed gas energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph of gas storage temperature and percent volume reduction of a gas storage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

a compressed gas energy storage device 100;

a compression cooling unit 1; a compressor 11; a second cooler 12; a fifth passage 121; a sixth channel 122; a first cooler 2; a first channel 21; a second channel 22; a gas storage 3; a first heater 4; a third channel 41; a fourth channel 42; a first tank 5; a second tank 6; a heating expansion unit 7; an expander 71; a second heater 72; a seventh passage 721; an eighth channel 722; a third tank 8; a fourth tank 9; a throttle valve 10.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

A compressed gas energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the compressed gas energy storage device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a compression-cooling unit 1, a first cooler 2, a gas storage 3, a first heater 4, and a heating-expansion unit 7.

The compression-cooling unit 1 serves to compress and cool gas to store external electric energy. Thereby, the compression-cooling unit 1 compresses and cools the gas, thereby converting external electric energy into potential energy of the gas.

The first cooler 2 is provided with a first channel 21 and a second channel 22 which are independent of each other and can perform heat exchange, and one end of the first channel 21 of the first cooler 2 is communicated with the compression cooling unit 1, so that the gas flowing out of the compression cooling unit 1 is cooled to a first preset temperature to reduce the volume of the compressed gas.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the first passage 21 is a gas flow passage, and the second passage 22 is a first cooling medium passage, so that the gas in the first passage 21 is heat-exchanged by the first cooling medium in the second passage 22.

The gas storage 3 is communicated with the other end of the first channel 21 of the first cooler 2 for storing the cooled gas. Specifically, the gas storage 3 may be a single gas storage 3, or a plurality of gas storage 3 may be connected in sequence to form a gas storage unit.

The first heater 4 is provided with a third channel 41 and a fourth channel 42 which are independent of each other and can perform heat exchange, one end of the third channel 41 of the first heater 4 is communicated with the gas storage 3 so as to heat the gas flowing out of the gas storage 3, one end of the fourth channel 42 of the first heater 4 is communicated with one end of the second channel 22 of the first cooler 2, and the other end of the fourth channel 42 of the first heater 4 is communicated with the other end of the second channel 22 of the first cooler 2, so that the first cooling medium circulates between the first heater 4 and the first cooler 2.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the third channel 41 is a gas flow channel, the fourth channel 42 is a first cooling medium channel, an air inlet of the third channel 41 of the first heater 4 is connected to an air outlet of the gas storage 3 so as to heat the gas flowing out of the gas storage 3, an air outlet of the second channel 22 of the first cooler 2 is connected to an air inlet of the fourth channel 42 of the first heater 4, when the first cooler 2 operates, the temperature of the low-temperature first cooling medium in the second channel 22 of the first cooler 2 is increased to normal-temperature first cooling medium, and the low-temperature first cooling medium flows into the fourth channel 42 of the first heater 4, so that the normal-temperature first cooling medium is provided to the first heater 4 through the first cooler 2, an air outlet of the fourth channel 42 of the first heater 4 is connected to an air inlet of the second channel 22 of the first cooler 2, and when the first heater 4 operates, the temperature of the normal-temperature first cooling medium in the fourth channel 42 of the first heater 4 is decreased to low-temperature first cooling medium and the normal-temperature first cooling medium co-flows in the fourth channel 42 of the first heater 4 Into the second channel 22 of the first cooler 2 to supply the first cooler 2 with the first cooling medium of a low temperature.

And the thermal expansion unit 7, wherein the thermal expansion unit 7 is communicated with the other end of the third channel 41 of the first heater 4, so that the gas flowing out of the first heater 4 expands to generate power. Thus, the gas flowing out of the fourth passage 42 of the first heater 4 is heated and expanded by the heating and expansion unit 7, and the potential energy of the compressed gas is converted into electric energy.

According to the research of the inventor, as shown in fig. 2, the gas storage temperature and the percentage of volume reduction of the gas storage are approximately in positive correlation, the percentage of volume reduction of the gas storage increases with the decrease of the gas storage temperature, when the gas storage temperature is 0 ℃, the percentage of volume reduction of the gas storage is eight percent, and when the gas storage temperature is-100 ℃, the percentage of volume reduction of the gas storage is sixty percent. Therefore, the gas storage temperature is lowered, the volume of the gas storage is reduced, and the volume of the gas storage 3 is reduced.

According to the compressed gas energy storage device 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first cooler 2 is communicated with the compression cooling unit 1, so that the temperature of the compressed gas is reduced to be below zero, the volume of the compressed air is further reduced, the volume of the gas storage 3 is reduced, and the occupied area of the gas storage 3 is reduced.

In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage device 100 further includes a first tank 5 and a second tank 6, the first tank 5 being connected between one end of the second passage 22 of the first cooler 2 and one end of the fourth passage 42 of the first heater 4 for storing the first cooling medium flowing out of the first cooler 2 and supplying the first cooling medium to the first heater 4, the second tank 6 being connected between the other end of the second passage 22 of the first cooler 2 and the other end of the fourth passage 42 of the first heater 4 for storing the first cooling medium flowing out of the first heater 4 and supplying the first cooling medium to the first cooler 2.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the first tank 5 is used for storing a first cooling medium at a normal temperature, and both the liquid outlet of the second passage 22 of the first cooler 2 and the liquid inlet of the fourth passage 42 of the first heater 4 are communicated with the first tank 5. Thus, the normal-temperature first cooling medium flowing out of the second passage 22 of the first cooler 2 can be stored in the first tank 5, and the normal-temperature first cooling medium can be supplied to the fourth passage 42 of the first heater 4. The second tank 6 is used for storing the low-temperature first cooling medium, and both the liquid inlet of the second channel 22 of the first cooler 2 and the liquid outlet of the fourth channel 42 of the first heater 4 are communicated with the second tank 6. Thereby, the low-temperature first cooling medium flowing out from the fourth passage 42 of the first heater 4 can be stored by the second tank 6, and the low-temperature first cooling medium can be supplied to the second passage 22 of the first cooler 2.

In some embodiments, the compression cooling unit 1 includes a compressor 11 and a second cooler 12, the second cooler 12 has a fifth passage 121 and a sixth passage 122 that are independent of each other and can perform heat exchange, one end of the fifth passage 121 of the second cooler 12 communicates with the first passage 21 of the first cooler 2, and the other end of the fifth passage 121 of the second cooler 12 communicates with the compressor 11, so as to cool the gas flowing out of the compressor 11 to a second preset temperature.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the compression cooling unit 1 includes a compressor 11 and a second cooler 12, a fifth channel 121 is an airflow channel, a sixth channel 122 is a second cooling medium channel, an air outlet of the compressor 11 is communicated with an air inlet of the fifth channel 121 of the second cooler 12, so as to cool the compressed air to a normal temperature, and the compression cooling unit 1 may be multiple, and the multiple compression cooling units 1 are sequentially communicated, for example: the number of the compression cooling units 1 is 4, which are respectively a first compression cooling unit, a second compression cooling unit, a third compression cooling unit and a fourth compression cooling unit, an air outlet of a fifth passage 121 of a second cooler 12 of the first compression cooling unit is communicated with an air inlet of a compressor 11 of the second compression cooling unit, an air outlet of the fifth passage 121 of the second cooler 12 of the second compression cooling unit is communicated with an air inlet of the compressor 11 of the third compression cooling unit, an air outlet of the fifth passage 121 of the second cooler 12 of the third compression cooling unit is communicated with an air inlet of the compressor 11 of the fourth compression cooling unit, and an air outlet of the fifth passage 121 of the second cooler 12 of the fourth compression cooling unit is communicated with an air inlet of the first cooler 2. Therefore, the gas is compressed and cooled in sequence through the first compression cooling unit, the second compression cooling unit, the third compression cooling unit and the fourth compression cooling unit.

It is worth mentioning that: the second preset temperature is that the environment temperature is 15-20 ℃, and the first preset temperature is about 20 ℃ lower than the second preset temperature.

In some embodiments, the heating-expansion unit 7 includes an expansion machine 71 and a second heater 72, the second heater 72 has a seventh passage 721 and an eighth passage 722 independent from each other and capable of heat exchange, one end of the seventh passage 721 of the second heater 72 is communicated with the third passage 41 of the first heater 4, and the other end of the seventh passage 721 of the second heater 72 is communicated with the expansion machine 71, so as to heat the gas flowing into the expansion machine 71.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the heating expansion unit 7 includes an expansion machine 71 and a second heater 72, a seventh passage 721 is a gas flow passage, an eighth passage 722 is a second cooling medium passage, an air outlet of the seventh passage 721 of the second heater 72 is connected to an air inlet of the expansion machine 71, so as to expand the heated gas, and the heating expansion unit 7 may be plural, and the plural heating expansion units 7 are connected in sequence, for example: as shown in fig. 1, the number of the heating expansion units 7 is 3, and the heating expansion units are a first heating expansion unit, a second heating expansion unit and a third heating expansion unit, respectively, an air inlet of the seventh passage 721 of the second heater 72 of the first heating expansion unit is communicated with an air outlet of the first heater 4, an air outlet of the expansion unit 71 of the first heating expansion unit is communicated with an air inlet of the seventh passage 721 of the second heater 72 of the second heating expansion unit, and an air outlet of the expansion unit 71 of the second heating expansion unit is communicated with an air inlet of the seventh passage 721 of the second heater 72 of the third heating expansion unit. Therefore, the gas is sequentially heated and expanded through the first heating expansion unit, the second heating expansion unit and the third heating expansion unit.

In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage device 100 further comprises a third tank 8, and the third tank 8 is connected between one end of the sixth passage 122 of the second cooler 12 and one end of the eighth passage 722 of the second heater 72, for storing the second cooling medium flowing out of the second heater 72 and supplying the second cooling medium to the second cooler 12.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the third tank 8 is used for storing the second cooling medium at the normal temperature, a liquid outlet of the third tank 8 is connected to a liquid inlet of the sixth channel 122 of the second cooler 12 so as to deliver the second cooling medium to the second cooler 12, and a liquid inlet of the third tank 8 is connected to a liquid outlet of the eighth channel 722 of the second heater 72 so as to recover the second cooling medium cooled by the second heater 72.

It is understood that the first cooling medium may be a cooling medium (e.g., glycol solution) that cools the compressed gas to below zero, and the second cooling medium is water.

In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage device 100 further includes a fourth tank 9, and the fourth tank 9 is connected between the other end of the sixth passage 122 of the second cooler 12 and the other end of the eighth passage 722 of the second heater 72, for storing the second cooling medium flowing out of the second cooler 12 and supplying the second cooling medium to the second heater 72.

Specifically, the fourth tank 9 is adapted to store the second cooling medium with high temperature, a liquid outlet of the fourth tank 9 is connected to a liquid inlet of the eighth channel 722 of the second heater 72, so that the second heater 72 delivers the second cooling medium, and a liquid inlet of the fourth tank 9 is connected to a liquid outlet of the sixth channel 122 of the second cooler 12, so that the second cooling medium heated by the second cooler 12 is recovered.

In some embodiments, at least one of the outer and inner peripheral sides of the gas reservoir 3 is provided with an insulating layer for insulating the gas within the gas reservoir 3. Thus, the gas storage 3 is insulated by the insulating layer, so that the temperature in the gas storage 3 is kept constant.

In some embodiments, the compressed gas energy storage device 100 further comprises a throttle valve 10, the throttle valve 10 being arranged between the reservoir 3 and the first heater 4 for regulating the magnitude of the flow of gas out of the reservoir 3. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a throttle valve 10 is provided on the air outlet of the air reservoir 3, so that the magnitude of the air flow at the air outlet of the air reservoir 3 is adjusted by the throttle valve 10.

The compressed gas energy storage method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: s1: and compressing the gas to store energy. Specifically, the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure is compressed to a high pressure slightly higher than the current pressure of the heat-preservation gas storage 3 through the compression cooling unit 1.

S2: and cooling the compressed gas to a first preset temperature so as to reduce the volume of the compressed gas, and storing the cooled gas. The first cooler 2 cools the temperature of the compressed gas to be slightly higher than the current temperature of the heat preservation gas storage 3, and then conveys the compressed gas into the gas storage 3.

S3: when the energy needs to be released, the gas is heated to a second preset temperature. Specifically, the gas flowing out of the gas reservoir 3 is preliminarily heated by the first heater 4.

S4: and expanding the heated gas to generate power. Specifically, the heated gas is sent to the heating expander group 7, so that the heated gas is expanded to generate electricity.

According to the compressed gas energy storage method, the compressed gas is cooled to below zero degree through the arrangement of the step S1, the step S2, the step S3 and the step S4, the density of the gas is improved, and the storage capacity of the gas storage 3 is effectively improved.

In step S1, before the gas is compressed to store energy, the gas is subjected to treatments such as water removal and carbon dioxide removal. Thereby preventing water and carbon dioxide in the gas from icing and blocking the air flow passage of the compression cooling unit 1.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.