阅读说明：本技术 一种联盟链与博弈论的能源交易方式 (Energy transaction mode of alliance chain and game theory ) 是由 李玉枫 陈玉玲 杨义先 幸小刚 于 2021-05-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明设计了一种基于联盟链与博弈论的能源交易方式,旨在提高分布式能源用户的利润和降低交易成本及交易过程中数据泄露的风险。与传统能源交易方式相比,基于联盟链的去中心化的交易成本明显低于传统中心化的能源交易。其主要思想是,区块链的去中心化特征使得各用户节点无需相互信任即可完成交易,节省了信任成本；且Merkle树等加密算法进一步保障参与交易的安全性和可靠性；在交易匹配环节,利用非合作博弈理论在各能源主体构建博弈模型,将最优交易量和价格的选取转化为纳什均衡解,设计算法找出纳什均衡点完成最优匹配,实现能源用户利润最大化。(The invention designs an energy transaction mode based on an alliance chain and a game theory, and aims to improve the profit of distributed energy users and reduce the transaction cost and the risk of data leakage in the transaction process. Compared with the traditional energy transaction mode, the decentralized transaction cost based on the alliance chain is obviously lower than that of the traditional centralized energy transaction. The key idea is that the decentralized feature of the block chain enables each user node to complete the transaction without mutual trust, so that the trust cost is saved; and the encryption algorithms such as Merkle tree further ensure the safety and reliability of the transaction; in a transaction matching link, a game model is built on each energy subject by using a non-cooperative game theory, the selection of the optimal transaction amount and price is converted into a Nash equilibrium solution, and an algorithm is designed to find out Nash equilibrium points to complete optimal matching, so that the profit maximization of energy users is realized.)

1. An energy transaction mode of a alliance chain and a game theory comprises the following specific steps:

the first step is as follows: certificate authorization, which divides distributed energy nodes into: the method comprises the steps that traditional energy nodes, pure consumption nodes, production and consumption nodes, storage nodes and aggregator nodes (EAG), all types of nodes need to be authorized through a supervision center to obtain an authorization certificate Cert_AThen the node can become a legal node and enter a system to participate in legal transaction;

the second step is that: transaction matching, namely constructing a game model in each energy main body by using a non-cooperative game theory, converting the selection of the optimal transaction amount and price into a Nash equilibrium solution, designing a Nash equilibrium solving algorithm to find out a Nash equilibrium point to complete the optimal matching, and finally determining the optimal transaction amount and price of a buyer and a seller to realize the maximization of the profit of an energy user;

the third step: the method comprises the steps that (1) transaction, after matching is completed, winning bid information, namely a matching result, is returned to a producer by an EAG, energy transmission is prepared, the EAG returns a wallet address of a transaction object, an energy buyer pays a token to the corresponding wallet address, an energy seller transmits energy to the energy buyer through a corresponding facility, after the transaction is completed, the energy buyer generates a new transaction record, the transaction record is verified and digitally signed by the energy seller and uploaded to the EAG for auditing, the EAG packs the latest transaction data into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to the EAG of the whole network for consensus, the consensus process is completed, and the blocks are written into a block chain;

the fourth step: and executing consensus, wherein only the EAG participates in the consensus process, the EAG is also a node authenticated by the supervision center, and the accounting node is elected to complete the data packaging and uplink work.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of information security, and relates to a transaction mode based on a block chain and a matching mechanism based on a game theory.

Background

A number of problems are faced in the traditional centralized transaction model: 1) the traditional centralized management scheduling mode lacks privacy protection and anonymity, and cannot ensure the security in the transaction process; 2) in the distributed energy Internet transaction, reliable mutual trust relationships are difficult to establish among all main bodies, benefits among all the main bodies are difficult to coordinate, most nodes often cannot achieve self benefit maximization, and energy waste is easy to cause; 3) the large number of distributed nodes enables the distributed nodes to have random, small-amount and high-frequency transaction characteristics in energy transaction, and therefore the operation cost of the dispatching center can be greatly increased.

The block chain technology realizes distributed information interaction and collective maintenance of data in a decentralized and distrust-removing mode, and has the characteristics of decentralized, non-falsification, anonymity, autonomy, safety, transparency and the like. The distributed energy resource node trust management system can reasonably solve various trust problems in distributed energy resource transactions, can enable a large number of dispersed users to carry out point-to-point transactions, and provides a low-cost, open and transparent system platform for transactions among distributed energy resource nodes. Therefore, the market interoperability and transaction autonomy of the blockchain technology become effective supports of the energy internet. The game theory originates from economics and is a standard analysis tool for studying economics. Essentially, the energy trading market also falls within the category of the economic field. Therefore, the method can be applied to the energy trading market and the establishment of strategies for analyzing various energy bodies. In the transaction matching link, the optimal pricing and optimal transaction amount problem is converted into a Nash equilibrium solving problem, and an optimal solution is found out through an optimal reaction algorithm, so that the benefits of each main body are maximized, the supply and demand balance of energy is effectively realized, the benefits of both supply and demand parties are increased, and the waste of energy is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at three problems in the traditional energy transaction process, the invention provides an energy transaction mode of a alliance chain and a game theory. The method aims to ensure the transaction safety and reliability and realize the optimal configuration of resources in a transaction matching link so as to achieve the safe transaction of distributed energy and the balance of supply and demand of the energy.

The first step is as follows: and (4) certificate authorization. The distributed energy source nodes are divided into: the system comprises traditional energy nodes, pure consumption nodes, production and consumption nodes, storage nodes and aggregator nodes (EAG), wherein all the nodes respectively need to apply for authorization through a supervision center, become legal nodes after obtaining an authorization certificate CerTA, and enter the system to participate in legal transactions;

the second step is that: and (6) transaction matching. The energy node sends own transaction requests (including energy demand, price and the like) to nearby EAG nodes in the form of intelligent contracts, meanwhile, the EAG also collects the transaction requests in the network, the EAG matches the energy nodes, a game model is built in each energy subject by using a non-cooperative game theory, the selection of the optimal transaction amount and price is converted into Nash equilibrium solution, Nash equilibrium solution algorithm is designed to find out Nash equilibrium points to complete optimal matching, the optimal transaction amount and price of buyers and sellers are finally determined, and the profit maximization of energy users is realized;

the third step: and (6) trading. After matching is completed, the energy buyer pays a token to the corresponding wallet address, the energy seller transmits energy to the energy buyer, a transaction record is generated after the transaction is completed, the transaction record is verified and digitally signed by the energy seller and uploaded to the EAG, and the EAG packs the latest transaction data into blocks and broadcasts the blocks to the EAG of the whole network for consensus;

the fourth step: consensus is performed. In the consensus process, only the EAG participates, the EAG is also a node authenticated by the supervision center, and a billing node is elected to complete the data packaging uplink work.

Drawings

FIG. 1 details the architecture of the transaction mode of the present invention.

Fig. 2 details the transaction flow during the transaction process.

Fig. 3 details the gaming model of the transaction matching segment.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The invention provides an energy transaction mode of a alliance chain and a game theory, which comprises the following specific steps:

step 1: and (4) certificate authorization.

Step 1.1: node A generates a Pair of Keys (PK) using an asymmetric encryption algorithm_A、SK_A) The energy node A sends a public key PK to the CA_AAnd its own ID_A。

Step 1.2: after the CA receives the information of the energy node A and verifies the identity of the node A is correct, the identity information ID is sent_AAnd PK_AIs stored in its own database and uses its private key pair ID_AAnd PK_AEncrypting to form certificate Cert signed by authentication server CA as A_A。

Step 2: and (6) transaction matching.

Step 2.1: respectively constructing revenue functions of 5 types of energy nodes:

(1) conventional energy node tr gain function U_{tr_i}：

(2) EAG energy node revenue function U_{tr_i}：

(3) Pure consumption energy node user revenue function U_{user_i}：

(4) Yield elimination type energy node exh revenue function U_{exh_i}：

(5) Energy storage type energy node str revenue function U_{stg_i}：

Wherein: at represents the time interval, k represents the period, Ω represents the number of time intervals, n is the total number of nodes, P, Q respectively settle the price and the transaction amount,respectively, energy sales price, energy amount produced, price constant, base load, subscript represents node type, pgd represents grid, and superscript max represents maximum supply. Wherein a, b, c, λ₁，λ₂，λ₃Are coefficients.

Step 2.2: and (5) designing an algorithm to solve.

Algorithm 1: nash equilibrium point solving algorithm

And step 3: and (6) trading. After the matching is completed, the EAG returns winning bid information, namely a matching result, to the producer to prepare for energy transmission, the EAG returns a wallet address of a transaction object, the energy buyer pays a token to the corresponding wallet address, the energy seller transmits energy to the energy buyer through a corresponding facility, and after the transaction is completed, the energy buyer generates a new transaction record. The transaction records are verified and digitally signed by the energy seller and uploaded to the EAG for auditing, the EAG packs the latest transaction data into blocks and broadcasts the latest transaction data to the EAG of the whole network for consensus, the consensus process is finished, and the blocks are written into a block chain;

and 4, step 4: consensus is performed. In the consensus process, only the EAG participates, the EAG is also a node authenticated by the supervision center, the packaged blocks are broadcasted to other EAG nodes in the whole network after accounting nodes are elected, other EAG nodes start to review and verify themselves after receiving the blocks, after verification succeeds, the nodes broadcast the review results to other nodes after signing, the review results are compared with the review results of other nodes after the broadcast is received, and the comparison results are further replied to the accounting nodes for mutual supervision and verification. After the accounting point receives the replies of other nodes, the comparison information of the nodes is analyzed, and if all the replies are consistent, the accounting node broadcasts the latest block to other nodes and stores the latest block in a storage pool of the accounting node. If the data are inconsistent in the analysis process, the accounting node repeats the process again until the data are consistent.