阅读说明：本技术 针对封闭在容器中的挥发性流体的监测方法和电能传输设备 (Monitoring method for volatile fluid enclosed in container and electric energy transmission device ) 是由 R.克努特 S.吉雷 M.海内克 于 2020-03-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：在针对封闭在容器(1a,1b,1c)中的流体的监测方法中,收集第一数据(11),第一数据反映容器(1a,1b,1c)中存在的流体量。将反映引入容器(1a,1b,1c)中或从容器中取出的流体量的第二数据(12)与第一数据(11)进行比较,并且确定第一数据(11)与第二数据(12)之间的偏差(13)。(In a monitoring method for a fluid enclosed in a container (1a, 1b, 1c), first data (11) are collected, which first data reflect the amount of fluid present in the container (1a, 1b, 1 c). Second data (12) reflecting the amount of fluid introduced into or removed from the container (1a, 1b, 1c) are compared with the first data (11), and a deviation (13) between the first data (11) and the second data (12) is determined.)

1. A method for monitoring a fluid, in particular an electrically insulating fluid, enclosed in a container (1a, 1b, 1c),

characterized in that first data (11) reflecting the amount of fluid present in the container (1a, 1b, 1c) are compared with second data (12) reflecting the amount of fluid introduced into/removed from the container (1a, 1b, 1c), and a deviation (13) between the first data (11) and the second data (12) is determined.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and/or second data (11, 12) are assigned an identifier of the measuring device (7).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first data and/or the second data (11, 12) are assigned a time stamp with respect to the point in time at which the data (11, 12) were collected.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the determined deviation (13) and/or the first data (11) are corrected with respect to tolerance values.

5. Method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first data (11) and/or the second data (12) and/or the determined deviation (13) between the first and the second data (11, 12) is recorded in a tamper-proof manner.

6. Method according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first data (11) and/or the second data (12) and/or the determined deviation between the first data and the second data (11, 12) are provided to a third party.

7. Method according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first data (11) and/or the second data (12) and/or the determined deviation (13) between the first data and the second data (11, 12) is displayed in dependence of stations and/or fields and/or containers (1a, 1b, 1c) and/or filling amounts and/or time stamps and/or fluid amounts.

8. An electric energy transmission device with a container filled with an electrically insulating fluid, characterized in that first data (11) reflecting the amount of fluid present in the container (1a, 1b, 1c) are acquired by density measurement of the electrically insulating fluid, and at least said first data (11) are provided by means of a relay device (10).

9. An electric energy transmission device according to claim 8, characterized in that second data (12) reflecting the amount of fluid introduced into/removed from the container (1a, 1b, 1c) are collected by means of a flow measuring device.

10. A computer program product, which, when the program is run in a data-processing system, is designed to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for monitoring a fluid enclosed in a container, in particular an electrically insulating fluid.

Background

A monitoring method is known, for example, from DE 10302857B 3. It is proposed there to collect and settle the amount of insulating gas fed to or removed from the container. Although this is a simple way of collecting the filled and withdrawn insulating gas, this information is presented relatively late. In this known method it is not possible to obtain information about trends, which makes it possible to take action in advance.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a monitoring method which makes it possible to evaluate the state of a fluid earlier.

According to the invention, the above-mentioned object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that first data which reflect the amount of fluid present in the container are compared with second data which reflect the amount of fluid introduced into/removed from the container, and a deviation between the first data and the second data is determined.

The fluid is enclosed in a container to prevent undesired evaporation. The fluid is, for example, a liquid or a gas, which can be used for the electrical insulation of the phase conductor. For this purpose, in particular an electrically insulating fluid is used. If desired, the fluid may also be pressurized within the container. In this case, the container is referred to as a pressurized container. The dielectric strength of the electrically insulating fluid can be further improved by using an overpressure. In particular in the case of the use of pressurized fluids, the evaporation of the fluid is additionally promoted as a result of the pressure difference which is formed. But even in the case of using a fluid without a pressure difference, there is a risk that the fluid volatilizes from the container.

For example, a fluid may flow around the phase conductor, thereby achieving electrical insulation of the phase conductor. Thus, for example, a line section between a phase conductor and a tank or other phase conductor, has the effect of electrical insulation due to the presence of an electrically insulating fluid. In particular, in the presence of pressurized fluid insulation, sufficient insulation strength is necessary, since in this case the distance for establishing sufficient electrical insulation can generally decrease with increasing pressure. The relatively rapid loss of fluid leads to a limitation of the dielectric strength.

In particular joints which have to be sealed by means of corresponding seals to prevent fluid leakage, are subject to ageing during operation, so that undesired fluid leakage from the interior of the container into the environment, for example, may occur. These losses are undesirable and should be diagnosed as early as possible. To this end, first data is collected, which reflects the amount of fluid present in the container. Preferably, the reflection of the amount of fluid present can be made by measuring the density of the fluid contained in the container. Here, the density is a suitable measure reflecting the breakdown strength. The amount of fluid can be determined by the volume predefined by the container and the density of the fluid located in the volume. The fluid quantity may be specified, for example, in mass form. Thus, the first data may directly or indirectly reflect the quality of the fluid contained in the container. As additional matter enters the fluid, such as by introducing a foreign gas or liquid, the density of the fluid may increase. Leakage of the fluid enclosed within the container generally results in a reduction in density. Furthermore, the density may also be affected by filling with additional fluid. Thus, for example, the loss of fluid can be compensated for by refilling. It is preferably provided a possibility to continuously collect the amount/mass of the fluid contained inside the container and to reflect this information in the form of first data.

In the case of filling a fluid into a container or taking out a fluid from a container, the amount of the fluid added or taken out can be settled. Such a measurement can be determined, for example, by a flow measuring device which is arranged, for example, in the direction of travel of the filling line, in particular at the filling nozzle. Accordingly, the settlement of the fluid amount may be performed according to the input or output of the fluid. The flow device may use, for example, volumetric measurements. Preferably, this should be done with temperature compensation.

The amount of input or output may also be determined by weighing.

The balance (Saldo) of these fluid amounts or the fluid amounts introduced and removed can be reflected in the second data. The first data present and the second data present can be combined, for example, in a computer cloud (distributed computer system) and processed there. In particular, a deviation between the first data and the second data may be determined in the processing. In an idealized point of view, the first data and the second data should contain the same information about the amount of fluid if the fluid tightness of the container is sufficient. In the event that the container is not sealed, a difference between the first data and the second data can be determined, which is, for example, a reflection of a loss of fluid from the container. Conversely, the presence of excess fluid in the container indicates that the fluid is contaminated.

The acquisition of the first data can be carried out continuously, for example, at freely definable intervals on the power transmission device. In general, fluid may be filled into or removed from the vessel at relatively long intervals between time points. In the interval between the specified points in time of filling or removing the fluid into or from the container, a plurality of measurements are typically performed to determine the first data. Therefore, the number of data points included in the first data may be greater than the number of data points included in the second data. Data of dimensionless quantities may be used as required, but also, for example, mass, density, breakdown strength, pressure, etc. may be compared with each other. The first or second data may be correspondingly normalized before or after processing, as desired. For example, the first and second data may be referenced to a standard environment to eliminate external influences.

A further advantageous embodiment of the method can provide that the first and/or second data are assigned an identifier of the measuring device.

For collecting the first and second data, corresponding measuring devices can be used. The measuring device is for example a densitometer, a flow meter, a temperature compensated pressure gauge, a balance or the like. To ensure the quality of the data or data comparison, the measuring device is assigned identifiers, which can be transmitted together with or linked to the data determined by the measuring device. These identifiers may be, for example, serial numbers, registration numbers, or other codes, etc. Furthermore, standard protocols or calibration protocols can also be used as identifiers, with the aid of which a sufficient quality of the collected data can be ensured. This avoids, for example, the use of measuring devices of different masses to supplement one another or to compensate for measurement errors, which can limit the reliability of the monitoring method.

In particular, the collection of the second data can be performed by different persons at different points in time, with different measuring devices at different locations. Thus, for example, containers for transport purposes may only be prefilled, wherein a complete filling of the container takes place after successful delivery and installation. In this case, the amount of fluid remaining in the container is also recorded by settling the amount of fluid fed or possibly withdrawn. Which in turn can be compared to a measurement of the amount of fluid present in the first data form to provide a quality indication of the density of the container.

A further advantageous embodiment may provide that the first and/or second data are assigned a time stamp with respect to the point in time at which the data were collected.

Specifying data with a time stamp allows for providing time resolution of the data. Whereby changes can be tracked or trends or predictions created. From the amount of fluid present, which has been measured and reflected in the first data, and the characteristics of the fluid during one or more intervals, a prediction may be created. Furthermore, in such a prediction, the time of filling the container with fluid and the time of removing the fluid from the container can also be taken into account, for example, by comparing the second data with the measured first data. Furthermore, different time intervals can be taken into account by means of the time stamps, if necessary. For example, intervals of hours, days, weeks, months or years may be specified to demonstrate the quality of the container with respect to its tightness with respect to the closure fluid. This also results in the advantage that, for example, the time profile of the filling and emptying and/or the profile of the measured values are displayed in a graphical representation.

For example, the time stamp may be provided by or associated with the data by the relay device, which has a different interface, for example, to collect or forward measurements that become the first (and/or second) data, or the first (and/or second) data. Such a relay device may be, for example, an internet of things (IOT) gateway, which has different interfaces and may be connected to sensors, measuring devices or the like. By using the relay device, low-cost sensors (measuring probes, measuring devices) can be used and their signals can be formatted into a standardized data format by a connection to the relay device. Thus, for example, an analog measurement probe can be used, the information provided by which is transmitted to a standardized data protocol, for example, on the relay device. The data protocol may have a time stamp. A time stamp may be added to the data protocol.

For example, a time stamp may be assigned as additional information to the amount of fluid reflected in the first data. Furthermore, additional parameters can be added to the first data by means of the relay device. Thus, for example, position coordinates, temperature information, etc. may be added to the first data. The first data thus enriched in the original information of the amount of fluid in the container can then be transmitted, for example, by a relay device to a computer cloud, in which the first data reflecting the amount of fluid in the container is processed or compared with the second data reflecting the amount of fluid introduced into or removed from the container. A part of the computer cloud can also be, for example, a portable device, by means of which the display of the information of the first or second data and the comparison resulting therefrom can be realized, in particular, by wireless coupling. For example, the portable device may also realize the possibility of a graphical representation of the information or the generated comparison of the first data or the second data.

Furthermore, by using the association of the position coordinates, it is also possible to take into account a plurality of spatially adjacent containers when evaluating the state of the containers. Thus, for example, within a common power transmission device, a relatively similar course to one another is possible and, for example, is attributable to external influences, such as lightning strikes or the like.

Furthermore, it can advantageously be provided that the determined deviations and/or the first data are corrected with respect to tolerance values.

The containers typically have a leak rate, which empirically occurs over the course of years of operation. Such leakage may be understood as a tolerance value, as this usually and typically occurs in a container. The correction of the determined deviation or first data may be performed using the tolerance value. Thus, for example, depending on the operation of the advance of the container, the determined deviation can be attributed to aging of the container, for example. Thus, no action is required for deviations within the tolerance band. Thus, the use of tolerance values may prevent unnecessary actions, such as maintenance measures and the like. The tolerance value can be designed dynamically. As the time period for filling the container with fluid increases, the tolerance value may also increase (e.g.,% loss per time unit time period). As the fluid refills, the tolerance value may be reset.

A further advantageous embodiment can provide that the first data and/or the second data and/or the determined deviations between the first and second data are recorded in a tamper-proof manner.

The first data or the second data or the determined deviation may be processed within the computing device. For example, the computing devices may be located in a computer cloud in a distributed manner, or may also be located on local computers. In particular, in the case of critical fluids, it is advantageous to provide a third party with a record or certification of these fluids. Tamper-proof recording of data or deviations may enable the provision of such data to a third party in a manner that establishes trust or may enable the invocation of such data by a third party. The tamper-proof data may be stored, for example, in a separate system, such as the system of the assignee, so that a record of the fluid's whereabouts may be achieved. If necessary, direct access or determination of the first data and/or the second data and comparison thereof can also be triggered directly by a third party. In particular, the fluid's direction of arrival can thus be proven to the environmental sector or similar, thereby invalidating the suspicion of tampering. For example, it can be provided that a "blockchain" is used for tamper-proof recording, whereby tampering with data or information is virtually excluded. If necessary, the data may be automatically provided to a third party. This can be done, for example, at intervals and/or in the event of a specific event.

A further advantageous embodiment may provide that the first data and/or the second data and/or the determined deviation between the first and second data are provided to a third party.

The third party may for example be an inspection organization, by means of which the status of the container is monitored. The third party may also be, for example, an authority that requires proof of the direction of the fluid. The provision can be carried out in that a third party gains direct access to the first or second data and the comparison and/or access to the measurement protocol. For this purpose, it can be provided that a separate memory area is used in order to temporarily store the results of the monitoring method in a neutral position as tamper-proof as possible. However, such information may also exist locally. Preferably, different locations are used in parallel to store the same information, thereby further reducing the likelihood of tampering. For this purpose, for example, a "blockchain" can be used.

A further advantageous embodiment may provide that the first data and/or the second data and/or the determined deviation between the first and second data is displayed as a function of the station and/or the field and/or the container and/or the filling quantity and/or the time stamp and/or the fluid quantity.

The fluid or container may be part of a power transfer device having different containers. The different containers can in turn be part of a superordinate field, wherein the field can in turn be part of a superordinate station. Thus, depending on the hierarchy, different granularities may be set in the display of the first or second data or the determined deviation. Furthermore, information about the filling quantity and the currently measured fluid quantity in the container can be displayed. Such display may be performed, for example, in graphical form. The first or second data or the determined deviations can be displayed graphically in a time-oriented manner. If desired, the time axis may represent shorter or longer time intervals, such as hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc. If necessary, the first and second data and the determined deviation can be used for prediction, in order to determine a trend from the measured data, on the basis of which trend it is possible, if necessary, to trigger maintenance work to be carried out, etc.

A further technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a suitable apparatus which can effectively use the aforementioned method. The invention solves the above-mentioned technical problem in an electrical energy transmission device having a container filled with an electrically insulating fluid by acquiring first data reflecting an amount of fluid present in the container by means of a density measurement of the electrically insulating fluid, and at least the first data being provided by means of a relay device.

The power transmission device is used for transmitting power. For this purpose, a current is conducted in the phase conductor under the drive of the potential difference. The phase conductor is electrically insulated from its surroundings by its corresponding potential difference. For this purpose, the phase conductors can be arranged, for example, at least in sections in the container and surrounded there by an electrically insulating fluid. The volume enclosed by the container can be assumed to be constant, whereby the following possibilities exist: the density of the fluid enclosed in the constant volume of the container enables an indication of an increase or a decrease in the amount of fluid (measured, for example, as a mass variable). The mass of the fluid currently present in the container can be inferred from the density, from which the first data can be reflected. The first data may be provided in a standardized form by a relay device of the power transmission apparatus. For example, the first data can also be supplemented with position information, temperature information, etc. at the relay device, so that the first data can be present, for example, in a standardized form, for example in the form of a specific data protocol, so that, for example, it is also transmitted and evaluated accordingly. For example, the comparison of the first and second data may be performed in a computer cloud.

Furthermore, it can be advantageously provided that second data are collected by means of the flow measuring device, which second data reflect the amount of fluid introduced into/removed from the container.

For example, the amount of fluid introduced into or removed from the container can be collected by means of a flow measuring device. From the measured volume, the mass, i.e. the amount of fluid introduced into or removed from the container, can be inferred. For this purpose, the flow measuring device can be connected, for example, to the relay device, so that the second data can also be provided by the relay device. Here, the first data and the second data may preferably have the same format. Furthermore, the same relay device may also be used to convert and forward the first and second data in order to be able to make the necessary evaluation of the first and second data, for example in a computer cloud.

For controlling the method, a computer program product may be provided, which, when the program is run in a data processing system, is designed to carry out the method with the steps described above.

Drawings

Embodiments of the invention are schematically illustrated in the drawings and described in detail below. Herein, in the drawings:

fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an electric power transmission device, and

figure 2 shows a graphical representation of data.

Detailed Description

A cross-sectional view of the power transfer device is shown in fig. 1. The power transmission device has a plurality of containers 1a, 1b, 1 c. These containers are associated with one phase of the phase conductors 2a, 2b, 2c, respectively. The phase conductors 2a, 2b, 2c are schematically shown as a line and are arranged in the containers 1a, 1b, 1c, respectively, electrically insulated. For electrical insulation, the containers 1a, 1b, 1c are filled with an electrical insulation fluid, respectively. The electrically insulating fluid of the containers 1a, 1b, 1c is separated from each other, so that only the phase conductors 2a, 2b, 2c associated with the respective container 1a, 1b, 1c are surrounded by the electrically insulating fluid, respectively, surrounded in the respective container 1a, 1b, 1 c. The containers 1a, 1b, 1c have similar structures, respectively. The containers 1a, 1b, 1c are designed substantially rotationally symmetrical, tubular and consist of a plurality of tube sections. To connect the pipe sections to form the containers 1a, 1b, 1c, the pipe sections are respectively flanged to each other. Accordingly, there is a respective junction in each container 1a, 1b, 1c, which needs to be sealed with a respective sealing means. In the usual case, the joint or sealing means is a special part of a fluid tight barrier, which is provided among other things by the respective container 1a, 1b, 1 c.

In the extension of the phase conductors 2a, 2b, 2c, the switching poles 3a, 3b, 3c of the circuit breaker are arranged, respectively. One of the switching poles 3a, 3b, 3c is used to interrupt one of the phase conductors 2a, 2b, 2c, respectively. The switching poles 3a, 3b, 3c are also surrounded by an electrically insulating fluid inside the containers 1a, 1b, 1 c. If necessary, an electrically insulating fluid can also flow through the switching poles 3a, 3b, 3c and can also be used as an arc-extinguishing medium if necessary.

For introducing an electrically insulating fluid, such as sulfur hexafluoride, fluoronitrile, fluoroketone, carbon dioxide, fluoroolefin or an insulating medium based on nitrogen or oxygen, into the interior of the containers 1a, 1b, 1c or for removing it from the containers 1a, 1b, 1c, connecting tubes 4a, 4b, 4c are provided. The connecting lines 4a, 4b, 4c are each arranged on the housing side on the containers 1a, 1b, 1c and can be closed by valves 5a, 5b, 5 c. The fluid reservoir 6 may be connected to the valves 5a, 5b, 5 c. In a preferred manner, the electrically insulating fluid is enclosed in the fluid reservoir 6 with a high compression. By inserting the measuring device 7, the amount of fluid flowing from the fluid reservoir 6 through the respective valve 5a, 5b, 5c into the connected container 1a, 1b, 1c, respectively, can be measured. In this case, this is a flow measuring device for detecting the amount of fluid transferred via the respective valve 5a, 5b, 5c into the respective container 1a, 1b, 1 c. The fluid quantity may be expressed, for example, as a mass, whereby a fluid of a certain mass can be introduced into the interior of the respective container 1a, 1b, 1 c. In this case, at least one identifier is assigned to the respective measuring device 7. A standard protocol or a calibration protocol can be used as an identifier or correlated by an identifier, so that, if necessary, tolerances inherent to the measuring device 7 can be corrected for the second data collected by the measuring device 7. For example, a standard protocol or a calibration protocol may also be used as the identifier. The second data determined during filling or emptying are supplied directly or indirectly to a processing device 8, for example a computer cloud, and are processed further there. If necessary, the measuring device 7 and the relay device 10 can communicate with each other via a wireless interface, whereby information (second data) about the injected or withdrawn fluid is present in the processing device 8. However, the transmission of such information may also be performed manually. The information about the second data collected by the measuring means 7 can be provided to the relay device 10 or the processing device, respectively, in a container, either directly or indirectly.

Furthermore, each container 1a, 1b, 1c is associated with a density measuring device 9a, 9b, 9 c. The density of the fluid in the respective container 1a, 1b, 1c can be determined by means of a density measuring device 9a, 9b, 9c, respectively. Since the volume provided by the containers 1a, 1b, 1c, respectively, is assumed to be constant, the density measurement is suitable for determining the amount of insulating gas actually present in the containers. The density measurement is advantageous because it provides information about the breakdown strength independent of temperature effects. Thus, information (first data) can be collected by the density measuring devices 9a, 9b, 9c, which reflects the amount of fluid present in the respective containers 1a, 1b, 1c, respectively. The density measuring devices 9a, 9b, 9c are respectively connected to the relay apparatus 10. The relay means 10 are used to combine the information provided by the density measurement devices 9a, 9b, 9c (and possibly the measurement means 7). For example, formatting of the information provided by the density measurement devices 9a, 9b, 9c may be performed in the relay device 10, resulting in the first data. Furthermore, the relay device can also assign a time stamp to the first data, so that the point in time at which the respective density of the fluid located in the respective container 1a, 1b, 1c is acquired can be determined. Additionally, the first data may also be assigned position coordinates, which are assigned, for example, by the relay device 10. If information (second data) of the measuring device 7 is to be collected by the relay device 10, the information can be similarly processed.

Depending on the embodiment or the need, it can be provided that the information (second data) collected by the measuring device 7 can also be provided to the relay device 10. There, the second data may also be formatted and standardized so that it is present in the relay device 10 in a form similar to the first data. For example, the relay device 10 may settle the information provided by the measuring device 7 about the amount of fluid introduced or removed, resulting in a balance. Furthermore, the relay device may have a time stamp and may also have position coordinates similar to the information provided by the density measurement devices 9a, 9b, 9c, the information provided by the measurement device 7. However, it can also be provided, if necessary, that the information provided by the measuring device 7 is present in the form of a protocol and that this information is fed directly to the relay device 10. The relay device 10 feeds the first data present there and possibly the second data to the processing device 8.

The processing device 8 may be a local computer or a computer cloud (distributed computer system) in which, for example, a comparison of the first data and the second data is made. Furthermore, the processing device 8 may be further adapted to display the first or second data and to determine/display a deviation between the first data and the second data. Such display may be performed, for example, in graphical form. Thus, for example, a mobile display device on which the first data, the second data or a deviation between the first data and the second data or a prediction based thereon is graphically displayed may be used as part of the processing device 8.

The possibilities for graphical representations of different data are shown in fig. 2. For example, an image of the amount of fluid in kilograms is displayed on the time axis. However, this normalization can also be performed in other ways, for example, the density, the pressure at standard temperature, the breakdown strength, etc. can also be normalized if necessary. Therefore, a preferred display can be selected as needed. In the graphical representation, the measured values of the first data 11 and the second data 12 may be displayed in a time progression. The deviation 13 is formed from the difference between the first data 11 and the second data 12, which deviation can be plotted accordingly. A first threshold 14 and a second threshold 15 are depicted for the amount of fluid. The first threshold 14 indicates the minimum fluid mass that has to be provided within the respective container 1a, 1b, 1 c. Below the threshold 14 a critical range is reached. A warning may be issued when the first threshold 14 is undershot. The second threshold value 15 reflects the state of the fluid in which the switching device can no longer be operated or indicates an intolerable fluid loss.

In the course of the graphical representation of fig. 2, a state is shown initially at time t1 in which the first data 11 and the second data 12 almost overlap one another. There is no deviation 13 between the first data 11 and the second data 12. This situation is reached, for example, when the container is filled for the first time, or possibly in stages with an insulating fluid, wherein the balance of the data provided by the measuring device 7 corresponds to the determined information about the amount of fluid in the container. After the time t1 is reached, a new filling or refilling of the containers 1a, 1b, 1c takes place, so that the second data 12 reflecting the filling quantity in the containers 1a, 1b, 1c also follow the movement of the first data 11. The deviation 13 between the first data 11 and the second data 12 can hardly be determined over a period of time (or a deviation within a tolerance value range can be determined). Divergence of the first data 11 and the second data 12 occurs as time point t2 is reached. Now a significant deviation 13 is shown. In a further development, the deviation 13 of the first data 11 from the second data 12 increases despite the fact that no fluid is filled or removed by the measuring device 7. At a further point in time t3, the fluid quantity is then taken out by the measuring device 7, whereby the taking out of the fluid is registered and the balance of the fed or derived fluid quantity is reduced. Furthermore, for future trend prediction: although no fluid is taken out through the measuring device 7, a loss of fluid occurs. The difference between the first data 11 and the second data 12 increases. Finally, the prediction is expected (starting from time point t 3) to occur below the first threshold 14 at time point t 4. Accordingly, the occurrence of fluid loss from one of the containers 1a, 1b, 1c can be identified and predicted early, so that measures are taken to prevent a larger deviation 13 between the first data 11 and the second data 12 from actually occurring. In the prediction of fig. 2, the falling below second threshold value 15 is symbolically shown at time t5, at which an intolerable fluid loss from one of containers 1a, 1b, 1c is diagnosed.

Data, such as the first data 11 and the second data 12 and the deviation 13, may be displayed in absolute or normalized form. The first data 11, the second data 12 and the offset 13 can preferably be stored in a secure memory and remain retrievable there in a tamper-proof manner. For example, access to the memory region may also be granted to a third party by, for example, automatically sending the protocols to the third party or by the third party actively requesting them from memory. If necessary, the third party can also directly access the data in raw or processed form, so that an uninterrupted proof chain of the arrival of the fluid from one of the containers 1a, 1b, 1c is provided.

If necessary, the monitoring can also be performed by integrating information from a plurality of containers 1a, 1b, 1c into the entire switchyard, a plurality of switchyards of a switchyard. The selection is made, for example, in the case of using position coordinates, which may be assigned to the first data 11 and the second data 12. Accordingly, data generated in the case of being located close to each other can be merged and supplemented into an overall conclusion.

List of reference numerals

1a, 1b, 1c container

2a, 2b, 2c phase conductor

3a, 3b, 3c breaker switch pole

4a, 4b, 4c connecting pipe

5a, 5b, 5c valve

6 fluid reservoir

7 measuring device

8 treatment facility

9a, 9b, 9c Density measuring apparatus

10 Relay device

11 first data

12 second data

13 deviation of

14 first threshold value

15 second threshold value