阅读说明：本技术 一种生姜的高效种植方法 (Efficient planting method for ginger ) 是由 黄绍坚 于 2020-09-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种生姜的高效种植方法,是以动物粪便、黄泥和保水剂为主要原料并制备成生物保水有机肥,以塑料袋为栽培容器,先把生物保水肥装满塑料袋,再种上姜种,通过常规管理让生姜在塑料袋中长成。通过实施本发明,将动物粪便、黄泥和保水剂制成一种既有很高肥效、又有亲和性、保水性能持久、肥料质地疏松、透气性好的生物保水肥,生姜在这样的基质生长,保障了生姜产品高产优质。用塑料袋作为栽培容器,并让生姜在塑料袋中长成,杜绝了生姜在病源繁多的土地中生长,生姜在整个生长过程中无需喷施任何农药,减少了化学农药的污染,产品洁净卫生,保障了生姜具有优质的品质。(A high-efficiency planting method for ginger uses animal excrement, yellow mud and water-retaining agent as main raw materials to prepare biological water-retaining organic fertilizer, uses plastic bag as cultivation container, fills the plastic bag with biological water-retaining fertilizer, plants ginger seeds, and makes ginger grow in the plastic bag through conventional management. By implementing the invention, the animal waste, the yellow mud and the water-retaining agent are prepared into the biological water-retaining fertilizer which has high fertilizer efficiency, affinity, lasting water-retaining property, loose texture and good air permeability, and the ginger grows in the matrix, thereby ensuring the high yield and high quality of ginger products. The plastic bag is used as a cultivation container, and the ginger grows in the plastic bag, so that the ginger is prevented from growing in a land with a great variety of sources of diseases, the ginger does not need to be sprayed with any pesticide in the whole growth process, the pollution of chemical pesticides is reduced, the product is clean and sanitary, and the quality of the ginger is guaranteed to be high.)

1. The efficient ginger planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is characterized in that animal waste, yellow mud and a water-retaining agent are used as main raw materials to prepare a biological water-retaining organic fertilizer, a plastic bag is used as a cultivation container, the plastic bag is filled with the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer, ginger seeds are planted, and ginger is grown in the plastic bag through conventional management.

2. The efficient planting method of ginger according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the biological water-retention organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting and treating animal excrement: collecting single or multiple animal wastes as raw materials, and then drying the animal wastes until the water content of the materials is lower than 20%;

(2) fermentation: crushing animal wastes to 20-30 meshes, mixing the animal wastes and loess according to the proportion of 70-80 parts of the animal wastes and 20-30 parts of the crushed loess, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, adding a proper amount of water into the mixed material to ensure that the water content of the mixed material reaches 50-55%, finally piling the mixed material, covering a moisture-preserving film on the mixed material, but not sealing, carrying out semi-aerobic fermentation, turning when the temperature in a material pile reaches 60-70 ℃, and continuing to ferment until the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-70 ℃ to finish fermentation;

(3) drying: drying the fermented mixed material at 50 ℃ until the water content of the material is lower than 12% to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer;

(4) preparing a biological water-retaining fertilizer: collecting a drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the water absorption multiple of 100-200 times as a raw material, mixing the drought-resistant water-retaining agent into the biological organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 90-95 parts of the biological organic fertilizer and 5-10 parts of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer.

3. The method for efficiently planting ginger according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of water leakage holes and air holes are perforated at the bottom and the periphery of the plastic bag.

4. The efficient planting method of ginger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method of ginger is as follows:

(1) charging: filling a plastic bag with the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer;

(2) planting ginger: biological water-retaining organic fertilizer for planting ginger seeds in plastic bags;

(3) water spraying: after the ginger seeds are planted, pouring root fixing water into the plastic bag, and enabling the drought-resisting water-retaining agent in the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer to absorb enough water;

(4) management: the water management of the ginger in the growth management process is that when the water content in the biological water-retention organic fertilizer is lower than 20-30%, water is sprayed into the plastic bag, and the drought-resistant water-retaining agent in the biological water-retention organic fertilizer absorbs enough water until the ginger grows and is harvested.

5. The efficient planting method of ginger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for recovering, treating and preparing the fertilizer for production from the harvested ginger comprises the following steps:

(1) fertilizer recovery and treatment: after the ginger is harvested, pouring the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer out of the plastic bag, and drying the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer in the sun until the water content of the material is lower than 20% for later use;

(2) fermentation: mixing and uniformly stirring 55-60 parts of recycled fertilizer, 20-30 parts of fresh animal manure, 10-20 parts of crushed loess and 5-10 parts of compound fertilizer to obtain a mixed fertilizer, then adding a proper amount of water into the mixed fertilizer to ensure that the water content of the mixed fertilizer reaches 50-55%, finally piling the mixed fertilizer and covering a moisture-preserving film, but not sealing, carrying out semi-aerobic fermentation, turning when the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-70 ℃, and then continuing to ferment until the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-70 ℃ to complete fermentation;

(3) drying: drying the fermented mixed fertilizer until the water content of the material is lower than 12% to obtain a new biological fertilizer;

(4) preparing a biological water-retaining fertilizer: collecting a drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the water absorption multiple of 100-200 times as a raw material, mixing the drought-resistant water-retaining agent into the biological organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 90-95 parts of the biological organic fertilizer and 5-10 parts of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent, and then uniformly stirring to obtain the biological water-retaining fertilizer.

6. The method for efficiently planting ginger according to claim 1, wherein the ginger bags are cultivated as described above.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to an efficient planting method of ginger.

Background

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Latin name) is a fresh rhizome of a plant of the genus Zingiber of the family Zingiberaceae. It is mainly distributed in the east, southeast to southwest provinces of China.

In tropical areas of southeast Asia originally produced by ginger, warm and humid climates are favored, the cold resistance and the drought resistance are weak, plants can only grow in a frost-free period, the optimum growth temperature is 25-28 ℃, the germination is slow when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the plants wither when encountering frost, and the frost-received rhizomes completely lose the germination capacity. Forest marginal zones of the evergreen rainforest of the ginger-originated tropical zone form habits suitable for slightly shading the environment, and the forest marginal zones can grow well only in the environment with slightly sprouting osmund in spring and summer. Ginger prefers warm and humid climate, so it is afraid of direct irradiation of strong light and is not suitable for continuous cropping. It is suitable to select sloping field and slightly-shaded land for cultivation.

The conventional ginger cultivation method comprises the following steps: propagating with rhizome (seed ginger), and hole planting or strip planting. When digging ginger in autumn, the ginger is selected to be thick and light yellow. The roots and stems which are glossy and have no disease, insect and scar are used as the seed ginger and stored in a cellar or stacked with fine sand layer by layer indoors for later use. And taking out the ginger seeds for thermal insulation and germination acceleration in 1-4 months in the south and 5 months in the north, and then cutting the ginger seeds into small blocks, wherein 1-2 strong buds are reserved in each block. Opening the holes with the row spacing of 40cm multiplied by 30cm and the depth of 13-17cm, pouring liquid dung into the holes, after soil penetration, flatly planting 1 ginger in each hole, and finally covering fine compost and soil. Ditching is carried out on the strip planting according to the line spacing of 40cm, after base fertilizer is applied, the seeds are planted according to the plant spacing of 27cm, and the soil is covered on the seeds to be level with the ground. Sowing deeply (digging about 30 cm), and continuously hilling to obtain a certain ginger as a raw ginger source; seeding shallowly (digging 5-10 cm) to obtain the medicinal ginger which is the source of the dried ginger.

During the growth process of ginger, various diseases can occur, mainly including ginger blast, ginger pythium root rot, ginger wilt, ginger anthracnose, ginger spot, ginger bacterial leaf blight, ginger eye spot, ginger leaf blight, ginger bacterial soft rot, ginger ulcer, ginger stem rot, ginger root knot nematode disease and other diseases. The prevention and treatment methods for the diseases mostly need to crop non-potato taro vegetables for more than years, and a lot of pesticides are applied in the disease development period, so that the pesticide residue of the ginger is very serious.

To produce high-yield ginger products, sandy soil with deep, loose, fertile and good drainage on the upper layer is preferably used for being laid on heavy soil. In order to effectively prevent the disease spreading of the ginger, the field for planting the ginger is required to be frequently rotated for many years. Therefore, the requirement of ginger planting land is also limited to the development of ginger.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a brand-new efficient ginger planting method. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that animal waste, yellow mud and a water-retaining agent are used as main raw materials to prepare a biological water-retaining organic fertilizer, a plastic bag is used as a cultivation container, the plastic bag is filled with the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer, ginger seeds are planted, and ginger is grown in the plastic bag through conventional management.

The water-retaining agent is an artificially synthesized high molecular polymer and has ultrahigh water absorption and water retention performance. It can absorb water over one hundred times its own weight in a very short time, swell to form hydrogel after absorbing water, recover to the original shape after releasing water, and can absorb and release water repeatedly. The application research of the water-retaining agent in agriculture and forestry is more at home and abroad, but the application of the water-retaining agent in sugarcane is not more. The application of the water-retaining agent in the invention enables the technical process of the invention to embody a new drought-resistant, water-saving and fertilizer-saving technical system which has the advantages of low investment, simple process, easy operation and quick response in sugarcane production and can bring remarkable economic benefits, and the water-retaining agent can be widely popularized and applied in agriculture, forestry and fruits.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

1. an efficient planting method of ginger, which adopts the technical scheme that: the method is characterized in that animal waste, yellow mud and a water-retaining agent are used as main raw materials to prepare a biological water-retaining organic fertilizer, a plastic bag is used as a cultivation container, the plastic bag is filled with the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer, ginger seeds are planted, and ginger is grown in the plastic bag through conventional management.

2. The technical scheme is that the preparation method of the biological water-retention organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting and treating animal excrement: collecting single or multiple animal wastes as raw materials, and then drying the animal wastes until the water content of the materials is lower than 20%;

(2) fermentation: crushing animal wastes to 20-30 meshes, mixing the animal wastes and loess according to the proportion of 70-80 parts of the animal wastes and 20-30 parts of the crushed loess, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, adding a proper amount of water into the mixed material to ensure that the water content of the mixed material reaches 50-55%, finally piling the mixed material, covering a moisture-preserving film on the mixed material, but not sealing, carrying out semi-aerobic fermentation, turning when the temperature in a material pile reaches 60-70 ℃, and continuing to ferment until the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-70 ℃ to finish fermentation;

(3) drying: drying the fermented mixed material at 50 ℃ until the water content of the material is lower than 12% to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer;

(4) preparing a biological water-retaining fertilizer: collecting a drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the water absorption multiple of 100-200 times as a raw material, mixing the drought-resistant water-retaining agent into the biological organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 90-95 parts of the biological organic fertilizer and 5-10 parts of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer.

3. An efficient ginger planting method, which adopts the technical scheme that a plurality of water leakage holes and air holes are punched at the bottom and the periphery of a plastic bag.

4. An efficient planting method of ginger, which adopts the technical scheme that the planting method of ginger comprises the following steps:

(1) charging: filling a plastic bag with the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer;

(2) planting ginger: biological water-retaining organic fertilizer for planting ginger seeds in plastic bags;

(3) water spraying: after the ginger seeds are planted, pouring root fixing water into the plastic bag, and enabling the drought-resisting water-retaining agent in the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer to absorb enough water;

(4) management: the water management of the ginger in the growth management process is that when the water content in the biological water-retention organic fertilizer is lower than 20-30%, water is sprayed into the plastic bag, and the drought-resistant water-retaining agent in the biological water-retention organic fertilizer absorbs enough water until the ginger grows and is harvested.

5. The efficient ginger planting method adopts the technical scheme that the method for recovering, treating and preparing the fertilizer for production from harvested ginger comprises the following steps:

(1) fertilizer recovery and treatment: after the ginger is harvested, pouring the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer out of the plastic bag, and drying the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer in the sun until the water content of the material is lower than 20% for later use;

(2) fermentation: mixing and uniformly stirring 55-60 parts of recycled fertilizer, 20-30 parts of fresh animal manure, 10-20 parts of crushed loess and 5-10 parts of compound fertilizer to obtain a mixed fertilizer, then adding a proper amount of water into the mixed fertilizer to ensure that the water content of the mixed fertilizer reaches 50-55%, finally piling the mixed fertilizer and covering a moisture-preserving film, but not sealing, carrying out semi-aerobic fermentation, turning when the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-70 ℃, and then continuing to ferment until the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-70 ℃ to complete fermentation;

(3) drying: drying the fermented mixed fertilizer until the water content of the material is lower than 12% to obtain a new biological fertilizer;

(4) preparing a biological water-retaining fertilizer: collecting a drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the water absorption multiple of 100-200 times as a raw material, mixing the drought-resistant water-retaining agent into the biological organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 90-95 parts of the biological organic fertilizer and 5-10 parts of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent, and then uniformly stirring to obtain the biological water-retaining fertilizer.

6. An efficient planting method of ginger, which adopts the technical scheme that the cultivation method in ginger bags is the same as the above.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. the efficient ginger planting method provided by the invention is novel in conception, simple in process and easy to implement.

2. By implementing the invention, the animal waste, the yellow mud and the water-retaining agent are prepared into the biological water-retaining fertilizer which has high fertilizer efficiency, affinity, lasting water-retaining property, loose texture and good air permeability, and the ginger grows in the matrix, thereby ensuring the high yield and high quality of ginger products. Meanwhile, the substrate for cultivating the ginger can be repeatedly utilized.

3. By implementing the method, the plastic bag is used as a cultivation container, and the ginger grows in the plastic bag, so that the ginger is prevented from growing in the land with various sources of diseases, the ginger does not need to be sprayed with any pesticide in the whole growth process, the pollution of chemical pesticides is reduced, the product is clean and sanitary, and the high-quality of the ginger is guaranteed.

4. By implementing the method, the ginger grows under the condition of soilless culture, and high-yield and high-quality ginger can be planted in areas with poor soil conditions or other vacant fields.

5. The method has the remarkable characteristics of low investment, easy operation, low cost, fertilizer and water conservation, labor conservation, realization of high quality and high yield of products and the like, and is a simple soilless culture technology for realizing organic, low cost and high benefit during production and planting of the ginger.

Detailed Description

The process of the present invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.

An efficient planting method of ginger, which adopts the technical scheme that: the method is characterized in that animal waste, yellow mud and a water-retaining agent are used as main raw materials to prepare a biological water-retaining organic fertilizer, a plastic bag is used as a cultivation container, the plastic bag is filled with the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer, ginger seeds are planted, and ginger is grown in the plastic bag through conventional management.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

1. the preparation method of the biological water-retention organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting and treating animal excrement: collecting cow dung, sheep dung and pig dung as raw materials, and then drying the dung until the water content of the material is lower than 20%;

(2) fermentation: crushing animal wastes to 20-30 meshes, mixing the animal wastes and loess according to the proportion of 80 parts of the animal wastes and 20 parts of the crushed loess, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material, adding a proper amount of water into the mixed material to ensure that the water content of the mixed material reaches 50-55%, finally piling the mixed material, covering a moisture-preserving film on the mixed material, carrying out semi-aerobic fermentation without sealing, turning when the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-70 ℃, and continuing to ferment until the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-70 ℃ to complete fermentation;

(3) drying: drying the fermented mixed material at 50 ℃ until the water content of the material is lower than 12% to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer;

(4) preparing a biological water-retaining fertilizer: collecting a drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the water absorption multiple of 100-200 times as a raw material, mixing the drought-resistant water-retaining agent into the biological organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 95 parts of the biological organic fertilizer and 5 parts of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent, and then uniformly stirring to obtain the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer.

2. And pricking a plurality of water leakage holes and air holes at the bottom and the periphery of the plastic bag.

3. The planting method of the ginger comprises the following steps:

(1) charging: filling a plastic bag with the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer;

(2) planting ginger: biological water-retaining organic fertilizer for planting ginger seeds in plastic bags;

(3) water spraying: after the ginger seeds are planted, pouring root fixing water into the plastic bag, and enabling the drought-resisting water-retaining agent in the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer to absorb enough water;

(4) management: the water management of the ginger in the growth management process is that when the water content in the biological water-retention organic fertilizer is lower than 20-30%, water is sprayed into the plastic bag, and the drought-resistant water-retaining agent in the biological water-retention organic fertilizer absorbs enough water until the ginger grows and is harvested.

4. The method for recovering, treating and preparing the fertilizer for production from the harvested ginger comprises the following steps:

(1) fertilizer recovery and treatment: after the ginger is harvested, pouring the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer out of the plastic bag, and drying the biological water-retaining organic fertilizer in the sun until the water content of the material is lower than 20% for later use;

(2) fermentation: mixing and uniformly stirring 60 parts of recycled fertilizer, 20 parts of fresh animal manure, 10 parts of crushed loess and 10 parts of compound fertilizer to obtain mixed fertilizer, then adding a proper amount of water into the mixed fertilizer to ensure that the water content of the mixed fertilizer reaches 50-55%, finally piling the mixed fertilizer, covering a moisture-preserving film, not sealing, carrying out semi-aerobic fermentation, turning when the temperature in a material pile reaches 60-70 ℃, and continuing to ferment until the temperature in the material pile reaches 60-70 ℃ to complete fermentation;

(3) drying: drying the fermented mixed fertilizer until the water content of the material is lower than 12% to obtain a new biological fertilizer;

(4) preparing a biological water-retaining fertilizer: collecting a drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the water absorption multiple of 100-200 times as a raw material, mixing the drought-resistant water-retaining agent into a biological organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 90 parts of the biological organic fertilizer and 10 parts of the drought-resistant water-retaining agent, and then uniformly stirring to obtain the biological water-retaining fertilizer.

5. The method for bagging the biological water-retaining fertilizer and cultivating the ginger is the same as the method.

As described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other various modifications can be made based on the technical solution and the technical idea of the present invention, and all such modifications shall fall within the scope of the appended claims.