阅读说明：本技术 一种生态鳄鱼综合养殖系统 (Ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system ) 是由 蔡建中 于 2021-08-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种生态鳄鱼综合养殖系统,其特征在于,包括依次设置的鳄鱼养殖区、饲料鱼类养殖区以及种植区；所述鳄鱼养殖区包括露天式鱼池、设置在所述露天式鱼池旁边的越冬温室大棚及饲料喂食区域；所述露天式鱼池内装有供水系统；所述越冬温室大棚的外部覆盖有塑料薄膜；所述饲料喂食区域靠近所述饲料鱼类养殖区设置；所述饲料鱼类养殖区养殖用于喂养鳄鱼的混养鱼类；所述种植区用于将所述鳄鱼养殖区、饲料鱼类养殖区中的有机肥进行循环再利用。上述的养殖系统根据环保生态养殖的理念,结合了生态养殖方式,形成以鳄鱼为主的循环养殖的生态系统,形成一个生态循环养殖系统圈,使鳄鱼的生长环境得到保证,从而使鳄鱼肉的质量得到保证。(The invention discloses an ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system which is characterized by comprising a crocodile breeding area, a feed fish breeding area and a planting area which are sequentially arranged; the crocodile culture area comprises an open-air fishpond, an overwintering greenhouse arranged beside the open-air fishpond and a feed feeding area; a water supply system is arranged in the open-air fish pond; the outer part of the overwintering greenhouse is covered with a plastic film; the feed feeding area is arranged close to the feed fish culture area; the feed fish culture area is used for culturing the polyculture fish for feeding crocodiles; the planting area is used for recycling organic fertilizers in the crocodile breeding area and the feed fish breeding area. The crocodile cultivation system is characterized in that the crocodile cultivation system is combined with an ecological cultivation mode according to an environment-friendly ecological cultivation idea to form an ecological system mainly for circular cultivation of crocodiles, and an ecological circular cultivation system ring is formed to ensure the growth environment of the crocodiles, so that the quality of crocodiles is ensured.)

1. An ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system is characterized by comprising a crocodile breeding area, a feed fish breeding area and a planting area which are sequentially arranged; the crocodile culture area comprises an open-air fishpond, an overwintering greenhouse arranged beside the open-air fishpond and a feed feeding area; a water supply system of natural spring water is arranged in the open-air fish pond; the outer part of the overwintering greenhouse is covered with a transparent heat-insulating and moisture-preserving plastic film; the feed feeding area is arranged close to the feed fish culture area; the feed fish culture area is used for culturing the polyculture fish for feeding crocodiles; the planting area is used for recycling organic fertilizers in the crocodile breeding area and the feed fish breeding area.

2. The ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system according to claim 1, wherein the crocodile breeding area, the feed fish breeding area and the planting area have the floor area ratio of 1: (0.5-1.2): (2-3).

3. The ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system according to claim 1, wherein the occupation area of the overwintering greenhouse is 1/7-1/6 of the total area of the crocodile breeding area.

4. The ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system according to claim 3, wherein an indoor fishpond is arranged in the overwintering greenhouse, and the floor area of the indoor fishpond is 1/3-2/3 of the total area of the overwintering greenhouse.

5. The ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system according to claim 1, wherein the feed put in the feed feeding area comprises crocodile compound feed, animal feed and plant feed, the daily feeding amount of the crocodile compound feed is 2% -5% of the weight of the crocodile, the animal feed is 5% -10% of the weight of the crocodile, and the plant feed is 2% -5% of the weight of the crocodile.

6. The ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system according to claim 5, wherein the crocodile compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:

60-80 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of starch, 5-10 parts of Chinese yam, 5-10 parts of radix bupleuri, 3-5 parts of hawthorn, 3-8 parts of protein powder, 2-5 parts of vitamin C and 20-40 parts of water.

7. The ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system according to claim 5, wherein the animal feed and the plant feed are cleaned and soaked in 30mg/L povidone iodine with the effective iodine concentration of 1% for 15min before being fed.

8. The ecological comprehensive crocodile culture system according to claim 1, wherein the polyculture fish comprises chub, variegated carp, grass carp, megalobrama amblycephala, black carp, dace, carp, crucian and tilapia, and the feeding ratio of the chub, the variegated carp, the grass carp, the megalobrama amblycephala, the black carp, the dace, the carp, the crucian and the tilapia is 1:1 (2-3): (2-3): 1: (2-3): 2:1:(0.5-1).

9. The ecological crocodile comprehensive aquaculture system of claim 8, wherein the total amount of said polyculture fish put in a pond of a feed fish culture zone per mu is 1000 to 1500.

10. The ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system according to claim 1, wherein the species planted in the planting area comprise one or more than two of pumpkin, apple, watermelon, green vegetables and carrot.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crocodile breeding, in particular to an ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system.

Background

Crocodile is a world-grade aquatic wild rare animal, belongs to one of amphibian biological species, and is distributed in africa, south america, asia and other tropical rainforest regions. Crocodile is a wild animal with high economic value, the meat of the crocodile is fresh, tender and delicious, and the crocodile has high nutritional value, such as crocodile meat, bones, nails and internal organs which contain rich and excellent protein, amino acid, unsaturated fatty acid, vitamins and various trace elements which are necessary for human bodies. The crocodile gallbladder has the effects of detoxifying, clearing heat, removing nebula, promoting tissue regeneration and promoting metabolism, can be used for treating bone cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, central retinitis and food poisoning, and particularly has obvious curative effects on fatty liver and liver cirrhosis; crocodile gall is a very valuable herb in Thailand, which is used for treating female infertility and irregular menstruation and is regarded as a Lingdan wonderful medicine. Crocodile liver has the functions of nourishing brain, promoting new blood generation, removing dampness, nourishing yin and liver and improving eyesight, and can be used for treating senile cataract, hypopsia and the like. The crocodile heart is matched with the pseudo-ginseng and the salvia miltiorrhiza to nourish heart and calm nerves, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and treat angina, myocardial anoxia, coronary heart disease and the like. Crocodile bone can be used for treating and preventing rheumatalgia. The crocodile bone powder contains a large amount of active calcium, phosphorus and the like, and can be used for treating senile osteoporosis, infantile calcium deficiency and the like.

At present, artificial crocodile breeding adopts pond breeding, most feed for feeding crocodiles is purchased outside, and an environment-friendly ecological breeding area is not formed by the feed and the environment near the breeding area, so that the quality of the feed for feeding crocodiles cannot be guaranteed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system, which combines ecological breeding modes such as ecological crocodile breeding, fish polyculture, sludge recycling and the like according to an environment-friendly ecological breeding concept to form a circulating breeding ecological system mainly comprising crocodiles, so that the growth environment of the crocodiles is ensured, and the quality of the crocodiles is ensured.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

an ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system comprises a crocodile breeding area, a feed fish breeding area and a planting area which are sequentially arranged; the crocodile culture area comprises an open-air fishpond, an overwintering greenhouse arranged beside the open-air fishpond and a feed feeding area; a water supply system which naturally flows mountain spring water is arranged in the open-air fish pond; the outer part of the overwintering greenhouse is covered with a transparent heat-insulating and moisture-preserving plastic film; the feed feeding area is arranged close to the feed fish culture area; the feed fish culture area is used for culturing the polyculture fish for feeding crocodiles; the planting area is used for recycling organic fertilizers in the crocodile breeding area and the feed fish breeding area.

Further, the occupied area ratio of the crocodile breeding area, the feed fish breeding area and the planting area is 1: (0.5-1.2): (2-3).

Further, the occupied area of the overwintering greenhouse is 1/7-1/6 of the total area of the crocodile breeding area.

Further, an indoor fish pond is arranged in the overwintering greenhouse, and the floor area of the indoor fish pond is 1/3-2/3 of the total area of the overwintering greenhouse.

Further, the feed put into the feed feeding area comprises crocodile compound feed, animal feed and plant feed, wherein the daily feeding amount of the crocodile compound feed is 2% -5% of the weight of the crocodile, the animal feed is 5% -10% of the weight of the crocodile, and the plant feed is 2% -5% of the weight of the crocodile.

Further, the crocodile compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:

60-80 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of starch, 5-10 parts of Chinese yam, 5-10 parts of radix bupleuri, 3-5 parts of hawthorn, 3-8 parts of protein powder, 2-5 parts of vitamin C and 20-40 parts of water.

Further, before the animal feed and the plant feed are put into the feed, the animal feed and the plant feed are cleaned and soaked in 30mg/L of povidone iodine with effective iodine and the molar concentration of 1 percent for 15min and then fed.

Further, the polyculture fish comprises silver carp, appetite-stimulating fish, grass carp, megalobrama amblycephala, black carp, dace, carp, crucian and tilapia, and the feeding proportion of the silver carp, the appetite-stimulating fish, the grass carp, the megalobrama amblycephala, the black carp, the dace, the carp, the crucian and the tilapia is 1:1 (2-3): (2-3): 1: (2-3): 2:1:(0.5-1).

Further, the total putting amount of the polyculture fishes in the fish pond of the feed fish culture area per mu is 1000-1500.

Furthermore, the species planted in the planting area comprise one or more than two of pumpkin, apple, watermelon, green vegetables and carrot.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the culture system combines ecological culture modes such as ecological crocodile culture, fish mixed culture, sludge recycling and the like according to the concept of environment-friendly ecological culture to form an ecological system mainly for crocodile cyclic culture, fishes cultured in a feed fish culture area are used as feed of crocodiles, organic fertilizer sludge obtained in the crocodile culture area and the feed fish culture area is used as fertilizer for plants in the planting area, the plants obtained in the planting area are used for feeding freshwater fishes (mixed culture fishes) in the feed fish culture area, the freshwater fishes are used for feeding the crocodiles after being cultured to form an ecological cyclic culture system ring, an open-air type fish pond, an overwintering greenhouse and a feed feeding area are arranged in the crocodile culture area, the combination of the open-air type fish pond and the overwintering greenhouse meets the ecological habit requirements of crocodiles on like cleanness, yang preference and calmness, and the feed feeding area is arranged, is beneficial to disinfection and cleaning after feeding, ensures the growth environment of crocodile, and ensures the quality of crocodile meat.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment.

An ecological crocodile comprehensive breeding system comprises a crocodile breeding area, a feed fish breeding area and a planting area which are sequentially arranged; the crocodile culture area comprises an open-air fishpond, an overwintering greenhouse arranged beside the open-air fishpond and a feed feeding area; a water supply system which naturally flows mountain spring water is arranged in the open-air fish pond; the outer part of the overwintering greenhouse is covered with a transparent heat-insulating and moisture-preserving plastic film; the feed feeding area is arranged close to the feed fish culture area; the feed fish culture area is used for culturing the polyculture fish for feeding crocodiles; the planting area is used for recycling organic fertilizers in the crocodile breeding area and the feed fish breeding area.

In order to better match each region of the ecological crocodile comprehensive culture system and reasonably utilize land resources, the occupied area ratio of the crocodile culture region, the feed fish culture region and the planting region is 1: (0.5-1.2): (2-3). The water supply system is a water inlet system and a water discharge system which are built according to natural fall, the upstream of the water inlet system is communicated with the spring pool, the downstream of the water discharge system is communicated with an external water discharge pipeline, and discharged water flows into an external river.

The culture system combines ecological culture modes such as ecological crocodile culture, fish mixed culture, sludge recycling and the like according to the concept of environment-friendly ecological culture to form an ecological system mainly for crocodile cyclic culture, fishes cultured in a feed fish culture area are used as feed of crocodiles, organic fertilizer sludge obtained in the crocodile culture area and the feed fish culture area is used as fertilizer for plants in the planting area, the plants obtained in the planting area are used for feeding freshwater fishes (mixed culture fishes) in the feed fish culture area, the freshwater fishes are used for feeding the crocodiles after being cultured to form an ecological cyclic culture system ring, an open-air type fish pond, an overwintering greenhouse and a feed feeding area are arranged in the crocodile culture area, the combination of the open-air type fish pond and the overwintering greenhouse meets the ecological habit requirements of crocodiles on like cleanness, yang preference and calmness, and the feed feeding area is arranged, the feeding device is beneficial to disinfection and cleaning after feeding, and a water inlet and drainage system built according to natural fall is arranged in each functional area in the culture area, so that the growth environment of crocodiles is ensured, and the quality of crocodiles is ensured.

Specifically, the crocodile breeding area includes young crocodile conservation pond and crocodile fry breeding pond, and young crocodile is just hatched between the shell and 30 days old, and not yet the opening eats or just the opening eats, and the viability is still relatively poor, the crocodile larva that need carefully nurse, the specification: the body length was about 0.2m and the average body weight was about 0.05 kg/bar. The crocodile fry is a crocodile fry which is hatched for 30 days to 1 year, can better adapt to the external environment, can be sold as a seedling, and has the specification: 0.2m to 0.8m, and the average weight is about 2 kg/bar. The young crocodile conservation pool and the crocodile fry breeding pool are separated through an escape-proof wall, and the young crocodile conservation pool is in a specification: the shape is 80cm multiplied by 120cm, the pool depth/water depth is 5cm-10cm, the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, and the pool bottom structure is a cement flat bottom. The crocodile fry culture pond has the specification: the shape is 100cm multiplied by 200cm, the depth/depth of the pool is 10cm-200cm, the temperature is 30 +/-2 ℃, and the structure of the pool bottom is a cement slope bottom. All install temperature regulation system in the open-air fish pond in young crocodile nursery pond, crocodile fry breed pond for the temperature in the equalizing basin, maintain stably, in one of them embodiment, temperature regulation system is including installing temperature monitor in the pond, the heat exchange tube, the heat transfer regulating stove and the delivery pump of being connected with the heat exchange tube, when temperature monitor monitored the pond temperature in the setting value when 5 ℃, carry the hot water or cold water in the heat transfer regulating stove to the heat exchange tube through the delivery pump, in order to carry out the heat transfer with the water in the pond, make the temperature reach the constant range.

The open-air fishpond meets the requirements of crocodile life habits, and is built in a place with quiet environment, sufficient water source and convenient water inlet and drainage. The fish pond is leeward and sunny, so that young crocodiles can conveniently dry the back. The requirements of the fishpond water quality are as follows: the water color is kept yellow green or dark brown, and the transparency is not lower than 10cm by changing water and adding water.

The open-air fish pond stocking pretreatment method comprises the following two methods:

the method for cleaning the pond by adopting the quicklime comprises the following steps: and (3) drying the pond water, solarizing for 3-5 d, splashing 100g/L of quick lime into the whole pond, injecting water at every other day, washing, and injecting water for 5d to put fish.

The method for cleaning the pool by adopting potassium permanganate comprises the following steps: and (4) draining the pond water, drying in the sun for 3-5 days, splashing the water in the pond with potassium permanganate of 100ppm, injecting water every other day to wash the water, and after water is injected again, putting the fish.

The above stocking pretreatment methods can be used alternately.

The crocodile stocking requirement of the open fishpond is as follows:

carrying out immersion bath on crocodiles to be stocked by using potassium permanganate, and then putting the crocodiles after immersion bath into a pool, wherein the number of the crocodiles stocked per square water surface is 1-4, and the male-female ratio is (2-3) to 1. Wherein the concentration of the potassium permanganate is 100mg/L, and the bath immersion time is 5-10 min. The young crocodile stocking requirement is as follows: 3-4 young crocodiles are stocked on the water surface per square meter, and the ratio of male to female is 2: 1. the crocodile fry stocking requirement is as follows: 1-4 crocodile fries are stocked on the water surface per square meter, and the male-female ratio is 3: 1.

the overwintering greenhouse is built by adopting an iron wire net pulling structure, the structure is relatively stable, and the transparent plastic film is covered outside, so that the greenhouse has good light and heat transmission performance, and can be used for crocodile in cold days, overwintering or sunshade. The open fishpond and the overwintering greenhouse are reasonable in building, and meet the ecological habit requirements of crocodile like cleanness, sunshine and silence. The occupied area of the overwintering greenhouse is 1/7-1/6 of the total area of the crocodile culture area.

In one embodiment, an indoor fish pond is arranged in the overwintering greenhouse, and the floor area of the indoor fish pond is 1/3-2/3 of the total area of the overwintering greenhouse. Because the pond in the overwintering greenhouse is small and the water quality is variable, the water quality treatment method of the indoor fish pond of the overwintering greenhouse comprises the following steps: changing water once within 5-7 days, wherein the water changing amount is about 20% of the total water body, and the transparency is kept at 10-20 cm; when the water temperature is low in winter, water is changed as little as possible to avoid stimulating crocodiles, and if the water temperature is too large, a proper amount of hot water can be added to enable the temperature of new and old water to be close to that of old water. The overwintering water temperature of the crocodile is controlled to be about 15-20 ℃, so that the hibernation of the crocodile is facilitated, and the physical strength is not consumed.

The feed feeding area is used for feeding feed and feeding crocodiles, and most of the feed to be fed comes from the feed fish culture area and the planting area, so that the feed for feeding the crocodiles has quality guarantee. The feed put in the feed feeding area mainly comprises crocodile compound feed, animal feed and plant feed, wherein the daily feeding amount of the crocodile compound feed is 2% -5% of the weight of crocodile, the animal feed is 5% -10% of the weight of crocodile, the plant feed is 2% -5% of the weight of crocodile, the feeding amount is adjusted according to the air temperature condition and the ingestion intensity of crocodile, and the feeding amount is controlled to be 8-10 minutes for eating. Preferably, the mass ratio of the crocodile compound feed to the animal feed to the plant feed is 2: 6: 2. the crocodile feed is fed twice a day, and by matching the three feeds, the crocodile feed has uniform daily nutrition, and can quickly grow and reproduce while improving the immunity.

Specifically, the crocodile compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of starch, 5-10 parts of Chinese yam, 5-10 parts of radix bupleuri, 3-5 parts of hawthorn, 3-8 parts of protein powder, 2-5 parts of vitamin C and 20-40 parts of water. The crocodile compound feed is obtained by uniformly mixing the components. The animal feed is one or more of fresh and live fish, fresh and live shrimp, snail, mussel, earthworm, silkworm chrysalis and livestock viscera, and in the embodiment, the animal feed mainly comprises the fresh and live fish, the fresh and live shrimp, the snail and the mussel in the feed fish culture area. The plant feed is one or more than two of fresh pumpkins, apples, watermelon peels, green vegetables and carrots, and in the embodiment, the plant feed is mainly food materials planted in the planting area. Before the animal feed and the plant feed are put into the feed, the feed is cleaned and soaked in 30mg/L povidone iodine with effective iodine and the molar concentration of 1 percent for 15min and then fed.

The feed feeding area needs to be splashed and cleaned with 5% by mass of bleaching powder solution every week or after being thrown.

Preferably, the overwintering greenhouse and the feed feeding area are treated before stocking by adopting an open-air fishpond stocking pretreatment method, so that the sterilization effect of the whole crocodile breeding area reaches the requirement. Meanwhile, the water quality of the crocodile culture area needs to be measured by using a water quality rationalization factor tester every 3-5 days, the pH value of the water quality needs to be 7.0-7.5, which is approximate to a neutral standard, if the pH value is lower, a proper amount of quicklime needs to be applied to the water body, the water quality with the lower pH value can be changed to be alkalescent, calcium can be supplemented, and the stability of the total alkalinity of the water body can be maintained.

The feed fish culture area is used for culturing the polyculture fish used for feeding crocodiles, the polyculture fish and the crocodiles are separately cultured, the phenomenon that the crocodiles grab and fight in a fishpond is favorably reduced, and meanwhile, the daily feed dosage of the crocodiles can be controlled. The mixed culture fish comprises silver carp, variegated fish, grass carp, megalobrama amblycephala, black carp, dace, carp, crucian carp and tilapia, and the adding proportion of the silver carp, variegated fish, grass carp, megalobrama amblycephala, black carp, dace, carp, crucian carp and tilapia is 1:1 (2-3): (2-3): 1: (2-3): 2:1 (0.5-1), and the total feeding amount of the polyculture fishes per mu of the fish pond is 1000-1500 strips. However, due to the strong reproductive capacity and the influence of the quantity of tilapia on the pH value balance of pond water, in order to ensure the pH value balance, the tilapia can not be cultured in a dosage of more than 200 tilapia per mu of pond. Benthonic animals such as snails, mussels, shrimps and the like are also put in the feed fish culture area, the putting amount of the snails per square meter of the fishpond is 400 plus materials, the putting amount of the mussels per square meter of the fishpond is 200 plus materials, and the putting amount of the shrimps per square meter of the fishpond is 20-30 kilograms, so that the benthonic animals can simultaneously meet the requirements of feeding the fishes and feeding the crocodiles.

The mixed culture fish reasonably utilizes the water body space and various natural baits, and because the living habits and the feeding habits of various fishes are different, a certain water body space is selected as a place for inhabitation and feeding. Silver carp and variegated carp which mainly eat plankton live on the upper layer of water body; herbivorous fishes such as grass carps, megalobrama amblycephala and the like to move in the lower layer and on the bank in a water body and eat various green feeds and water plants which are fed manually; black carp, dace, carp, crucian carp, tilapia and the like inhabit the bottom layer of the water body and respectively eat various benthic animals (such as snails, mussels and the like), benthic algae, organic matter debris and the like. The fishes are reasonably mixed and cultured in one pond, so that the pond and each water layer can be fully used, the stocking density of the whole water body is increased, various natural baits and artificial feeds can be fully utilized, and the production potential of the pond can be better exerted. Meanwhile, in a mixed culture pond, the mutual beneficial effect among culture classes is exerted, the residual bait for eating fish and the discharged excrement of grass carp, black carp, megalobrama amblycephala and the like are beneficial to fertilizing water and culturing plankton, and good bait conditions are provided for the fertilizing fish such as silver carp, bighead carp and the like; the 'fat fish' can filter and eat plankton and organic debris to play a role in preventing the water in the pond from being over fat, so that the water quality condition is improved for eating the fish; on one hand, the fish such as carps, crucian carps, dace, catfishes, tilapia and the like eliminate residual baits and putrefactive organic matters in the pond through the ingestion activities of the carps, the crucian carps, the dace, the catfishes, the tilapia and the like, improve the utilization rate of the baits and improve the sanitary conditions of the pond; on the other hand, the device can play a role in loosening the bottom mud and stirring the water in the pool through the feeding activities of the device, thereby being beneficial to the mixing of the upper water layer and the lower water layer and promoting the decomposition of organic matters and the circulation of nutrient salts.

The water quality in the feed fish culture area is mainly kept between 6.5 and 7.8 by ecological cycle.

The planting area is used for recycling organic fertilizers in the crocodile breeding area and the feed fish breeding area, the species planted in the planting area comprise one or more than two of pumpkins, apples, watermelons, green vegetables and carrots, the planted species are mainly used for feeding freshwater fishes (polyculture fishes) in the feed fish breeding area, and the freshwater fishes are used for feeding crocodiles after being grown.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.