阅读说明：本技术 一种绿色有机杀虫剂及在防治蔬菜害虫上的应用 (Green organic pesticide and application thereof in preventing and treating vegetable pests ) 是由 时霞 郭春永 胡国庆 于 2021-09-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种绿色有机杀虫剂及在防治蔬菜害虫上的应用,该绿色有机杀虫剂由以下质量百分比的组分制得：马拉硫磷、阿维菌素、蓖麻油、烟草油、香樟树皮、石榴皮和侧柏叶混合提取液、有机溶剂、表面活性剂、增效剂、其余为去离子水,香樟树皮、石榴皮和侧柏叶重量比例为3:2:1.5,有机溶剂为甲醇,表面活性剂为甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂。本发明通过加入的蓖麻油和烟草油,可以才作物表面形成薄薄的油膜,有助于药效的渗透,达到更持久的防护效果,同时容易沾附在红蜘蛛体表,有助于持续作用,更快更好的大多灭杀效果。(The invention discloses a green organic insecticide and application thereof in preventing and controlling vegetable pests, wherein the green organic insecticide is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: the pesticide comprises malathion, abamectin, castor oil, tobacco oil, camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae mixed extract, an organic solvent, a surfactant, a synergist and the balance of deionized water, wherein the weight ratio of the camphor tree bark, the pomegranate bark and the cacumen biotae is 3:2:1.5, the organic solvent is methanol, and the surfactant is mannose erythritol ester. According to the invention, a thin oil film can be formed on the surface of the crop through the added castor oil and tobacco oil, so that the pesticide effect permeation is facilitated, the lasting protection effect is achieved, meanwhile, the castor oil and tobacco oil are easy to adhere to the body surface of red spiders, the sustained action is facilitated, and the quick and better killing effect is achieved for most of the red spiders.)

1. A green organic insecticide is characterized by being prepared from the following components in percentage by mass:

10-18 parts of malathion;

5-8 parts of abamectin;

8-17 parts of castor oil;

6-12 parts of tobacco oil;

20-30 parts of a mixed extracting solution of camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae;

3-7.5 parts of an organic solvent;

10-18 parts of a surfactant;

6-13 parts of a synergist;

the balance of deionized water.

2. The green organic pesticide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the camphor bark, the pomegranate bark and the cacumen biotae in the mixed extract of the camphor bark, the pomegranate bark and the cacumen biotae is 3:2: 1.5.

3. A green organic insecticide according to claim 2, wherein said organic solvent is methanol.

4. A green organic insecticide according to claim 3, characterized in that said surfactant is a mannosylerythritol lipid.

5. The green organic pesticide as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that malathion, abamectin, castor oil and tobacco oil are put into an ultrasonic mixer according to a certain proportion and mixed to obtain a mixed solution A, camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae are put into an oven to be dried at a low temperature, the temperature of the oven is controlled at 60 ℃, the dried camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae are crushed by crushing equipment, yellow wine is used for soaking, the soaked mixed solution is distilled and extracted to obtain an extract B, and the extract B is mixed with an organic solvent, a surfactant, a synergist, deionized water and the mixed solution A to obtain a target solution.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to a green organic pesticide and application thereof in preventing and controlling vegetable pests.

Background

The green soy beans are annual herbs and are 30-90 cm high. The stem is thick and upright, or the upper part is in a winding shape, the upper part is provided with a plurality of ribs, and the stem is densely covered by brown long bristles. The leaves typically have 3 leaflets; the leaves are wide, oval, tapered, 3-7 mm long, have veins, and are soft and yellow; the leaf stalks are 2-20 cm long, and when the leaves are tender, the leaves are scattered, loose and soft, or have edges and are bristled; the small leaf paper is wide, oval, nearly round or elliptical and is in the shape of a needle, one large tip is formed, the length of the tip is 5-12 cm, and the width of the tip is 2.5-8 cm. The pod is big, long and round, slightly bent, drooping, yellowish green, 4-7.5 cm long, 8-15 mm wide and densely covered with brownish yellow long hair; 2-5 seeds, oval shape, nearly spherical shape, oval shape to long round shape, length of about 1 cm, width of about 5-8 mm, smooth seed coat, light green, yellow, brown and black, etc., different varieties, obvious hilum, oval shape. Red spider, also known as cotton spider, commonly known as spider mites, dalong, sandlong and the like, is one of the main pests facing the growing process of green soy beans, is known as spider mite, and is known as tetranychidae, and the species of China mainly refers to tetranychus cinnabarinus, and belongs to the families of arachnidae, acarina and tetranychidae. The red spiders are widely distributed and have food impurities, mainly harm leaves, stems, flowers and the like of plants, and can suck stems and leaves of the plants to reduce water of the damaged parts, turn green and white, and cause dense and pale speckles on the surfaces of the leaves and curl yellow. In severe cases, yellow leaves, scorched leaves, curled leaves, fallen leaves, death and the like occur to plants. Moreover, spider mites are also the transmission vectors of viral diseases, and have a great influence on the yield of green soybeans.

In the existing pesticide control process, the used pesticides include propargite, dicofol, dimethoate, chlorfenapyr, malathion, and tolbutate, etc., the existing pesticide has longer timeliness in the process of controlling red spiders in green soybean fields, the red spiders can be controlled after a period of time, and the red spiders still can damage the green soybean in the process, so the green organic pesticide, the application in controlling vegetable pests and the preparation method thereof are provided.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a green organic pesticide, application of the green organic pesticide in controlling vegetable pests and a preparation method of the green organic pesticide.

The invention provides a green organic pesticide and application thereof in preventing and controlling vegetable pests, which is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass:

10-18 parts of malathion;

5-8 parts of abamectin;

8-17 parts of castor oil;

6-12 parts of tobacco oil;

20-30 parts of a mixed extracting solution of camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae;

3-7.5 parts of an organic solvent;

10-18 parts of a surfactant;

6-13 parts of a synergist;

the balance of deionized water.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the camphor tree bark, the pomegranate bark and the cacumen biotae in the mixed extracting solution of the camphor tree bark, the pomegranate bark and the cacumen biotae is 3:2: 1.5.

Preferably, the organic solvent is methanol.

Preferably, the surfactant is a mannosylerythritol lipid.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding malathion, abamectin, castor oil and tobacco oil into an ultrasonic mixer according to a proportion to mix to obtain a mixed solution A, adding camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae into an oven to dry at a low temperature, controlling the temperature of the oven to be 60 ℃, crushing the dried camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae by crushing equipment, soaking the crushed camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae by yellow wine, distilling and extracting the soaked mixed solution to obtain an extracting solution B, and mixing the extracting solution B with an organic solvent, a surfactant, a synergist, deionized water and the mixed solution A according to a proportion to obtain a target solution.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

1. through castor oil and tobacco oil that add, can form thin oil film on the crop surface, help the infiltration of drug effect, reach more lasting protective effect, be stained with easily simultaneously and attach on red spider body surface, help the persistence action, reach the effect of killing better sooner.

2. The added camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark, cacumen biotae and the like are used for containing, so that the using amount of malathion and abamectin can be reduced, the agricultural residues are reduced, and the extract contains some organic components, is easier to degrade compared with malathion and abamectin, and is safer and more reliable.

3. By mixing malathion and abamectin, a better killing effect is achieved, a synergistic effect is achieved, the using amounts of the malathion and the abamectin are reduced, and the pesticide is more green and environment-friendly.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

Example 1, a green organic insecticide was prepared from the following components in mass percent:

10-18 parts of malathion;

5-8 parts of abamectin;

8-17 parts of castor oil;

6-12 parts of tobacco oil;

20-30 parts of a mixed extracting solution of camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae;

3-7.5 parts of an organic solvent;

10-18 parts of a surfactant;

6-13 parts of a synergist;

the balance of deionized water.

In the embodiment, the weight ratio of the camphor tree bark, the pomegranate bark and the cacumen biotae is 3:2:1.5, the organic solvent is methanol, and the surfactant is mannitol erythritol ester.

In the preparation method of the pesticide for spider mites on green soybeans in this embodiment, malathion, abamectin, castor oil and tobacco oil are put into an ultrasonic mixer according to a certain proportion and mixed to obtain a mixed solution a, camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae are put into an oven to be dried at a low temperature, the temperature of the oven is controlled at 60 ℃, the dried camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae are crushed by crushing equipment, yellow wine is used for soaking, the soaked mixed solution is distilled and extracted to obtain an extract B, and the extract B is mixed with an organic solvent, a surfactant, a synergist, deionized water and the mixed solution a according to a certain proportion to obtain a target solution of the embodiment.

Example 2, a green organic insecticide was prepared from the following components in mass percent:

10 parts of malathion;

8 parts of abamectin;

17 parts of castor oil;

6 parts of tobacco oil;

30 parts of a mixed extracting solution of camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae;

3 parts of an organic solvent;

10 parts of a surfactant;

13 parts of a synergist;

the balance of deionized water.

In the embodiment, the weight ratio of the camphor tree bark, the pomegranate bark and the cacumen biotae is 3:2:1.5, the organic solvent is methanol, and the surfactant is mannitol erythritol ester.

In the preparation method of the pesticide for spider mites on green soybeans in this embodiment, malathion, abamectin, castor oil and tobacco oil are put into an ultrasonic mixer according to a certain proportion and mixed to obtain a mixed solution a, camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae are put into an oven to be dried at a low temperature, the temperature of the oven is controlled at 60 ℃, the dried camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae are crushed by crushing equipment, yellow wine is used for soaking, the soaked mixed solution is distilled and extracted to obtain an extract B, and the extract B is mixed with an organic solvent, a surfactant, a synergist, deionized water and the mixed solution a according to a certain proportion to obtain a target solution of the embodiment.

Example 3, a green organic insecticide was prepared from the following components in mass percent:

18 parts of malathion;

5 parts of abamectin;

8 parts of castor oil;

12 parts of tobacco oil;

20 parts of mixed extracting solution of camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae;

7.5 parts of an organic solvent;

18 parts of a surfactant;

6 parts of a synergist;

the balance of deionized water.

In the embodiment, the weight ratio of the camphor tree bark, the pomegranate bark and the cacumen biotae is 3:2:1.5, the organic solvent is methanol, and the surfactant is mannitol erythritol ester.

In the preparation method of the pesticide for spider mites on green soybeans in this embodiment, malathion, abamectin, castor oil and tobacco oil are put into an ultrasonic mixer according to a certain proportion and mixed to obtain a mixed solution a, camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae are put into an oven to be dried at a low temperature, the temperature of the oven is controlled at 60 ℃, the dried camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae are crushed by crushing equipment, yellow wine is used for soaking, the soaked mixed solution is distilled and extracted to obtain an extract B, and the extract B is mixed with an organic solvent, a surfactant, a synergist, deionized water and the mixed solution a according to a certain proportion to obtain a target solution of the embodiment.

Example 4, a green organic insecticide was prepared from the following components in mass percent:

14 parts of malathion;

6.5 parts of abamectin;

12.5 parts of castor oil;

9 parts of tobacco oil;

25 parts of mixed extracting solution of camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae;

5.25 parts of an organic solvent;

14 parts of a surfactant;

9.5 parts of a synergist;

the balance of deionized water.

In the embodiment, the weight ratio of the camphor tree bark, the pomegranate bark and the cacumen biotae is 3:2:1.5, the organic solvent is methanol, and the surfactant is mannitol erythritol ester.

In the preparation method of the pesticide for spider mites on green soybeans in this embodiment, malathion, abamectin, castor oil and tobacco oil are put into an ultrasonic mixer according to a certain proportion and mixed to obtain a mixed solution a, camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae are put into an oven to be dried at a low temperature, the temperature of the oven is controlled at 60 ℃, the dried camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae are crushed by crushing equipment, yellow wine is used for soaking, the soaked mixed solution is distilled and extracted to obtain an extract B, and the extract B is mixed with an organic solvent, a surfactant, a synergist, deionized water and the mixed solution a according to a certain proportion to obtain a target solution of the embodiment.

Comparative example 1, prepared from the following components in mass percent:

20.5 parts of malathion;

12.5 parts of castor oil;

9 parts of tobacco oil;

25 parts of mixed extracting solution of camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae;

5.25 parts of an organic solvent;

14 parts of a surfactant;

9.5 parts of a synergist;

the balance of deionized water.

Comparative example 2, prepared from the following components in mass percent:

20.5 parts of abamectin;

12.5 parts of castor oil;

9 parts of tobacco oil;

25 parts of mixed extracting solution of camphor tree bark, pomegranate bark and cacumen biotae;

5.25 parts of an organic solvent;

14 parts of a surfactant;

9.5 parts of a synergist;

the balance of deionized water.

Comparative example 3, the castor oil, tobacco oil, and the mixed extract of cinnamomum camphora bark, punica granatum bark, and cacumen biotae of example 4 were removed, and the remaining components were retained.

And (4) verification test, which refers to the relevant pesticide field efficacy test criteria of the Ministry of agriculture for testing.

1. The test site is selected in a certain green house planting base in Linyi city Lanling county, and the test area is 1200m²。

2. The test object is planted in the green soy beans in the same greenhouse and in the same growth cycle, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are uniformly applied in the growth cycle of the green soy beans, the control of other pests is completed in three weeks before the flowering phase of planting, and red spiders are artificially infected in one week before the flowering phase.

3. The test dosage is 80ml of water per mu.

4. The area and the repeated arrangement of the cells are 10 square meters, the rectangular design is adopted, the length is 5 meters, the width is 2 meters, the repeated times are 3 times, the total number of the cells is 120, the cells are longitudinally distributed, and random numbering is carried out.

5. The pesticide application apparatus adopts an agricultural pulse atomizing sprayer double-pipe gasoline atomizing sprayer with the model of QP-3411.

6. Investigation method

Adopting five-point sampling method, 3 young soybean seedlings are investigated at each point, each seedling is marked with 3-4 leaves with enough red spiders, the red spiders on the whole leaf are counted, and the number of red spiders is not less than 400 in base number investigation of each cell.

7. Investigation time and number of times

The population base number of the red spiders is investigated before the application, and the number of the red spiders stored is investigated at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the application.

8. Test environmental conditions

The average temperature in the greenhouse of the experimental facility is 22.5 ℃, the highest temperature is 26.8 ℃, the lowest temperature is 18 ℃, and the relative humidity of the air is 82%.

9. Field efficacy data processing

The method is carried out according to national standards of the people's republic of China (NT/Y1464.27-2010). The corrected population reduction rate is used as the prevention and treatment effect, and the calculation formula is as follows:

reduction in population (%) = (population before treatment-number of surviving insects after treatment)/population before treatment = 100%

Control effect (%) = (treatment area population reduction rate-control area population reduction rate)/(100-control area population reduction rate) × 100%

Calculating the population reduction rate and the correction control effect, using DPS statistical analysis software to design the field efficacy test result by using a single-factor random block, using arcsine square root conversion as a data conversion mode, and using a Duncan's new negative range (DMRT) method as a multiple comparison method.

The control effect statistical table is as follows (table 1):

10. virulence analysis

Actual virulence index ATI = (LD 50 for standard agent/LD 50 for compound agent) × 100%

Virulence index TTI = (LC 50 for standard agent/LC 50 for test agent) 100%

Theoretical virulence index TTI = standard agent virulence index standard agent in a mixed formulation

Percent plus test agent virulence index (percent of test agent) in the mixed composition

Co-toxicity coefficient CTC = (ATI/TTI) × 100%.

If the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of the mixture is less than 80, the mixture is antagonistic; 80 < CTC < 120 is additive effect; CTC > 120 is synergistic.

Toxicity analysis was performed on the green soy bean red spider insecticides obtained in examples 2 to 4, and toxicity conditions of avermectin and malathion at different ratios were analyzed to obtain co-toxicity coefficients (CTCs) as shown in the following table (table 2):

	example 2	Example 3	Example 4
				CTC	95	98	135

The data in the table show that the mixed use of the abamectin and the malathion does not cause antagonism, the co-toxicity coefficient is 135 under the condition that the mixture ratio is 14:6.5, the synergism is generated, and by combining the control effects in the table 1 of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2, the control effect obtained by using the mixed use of the abamectin and the malathion is better, the deinsectization timeliness is better, and the control effect can discover that the mixed castor oil, the tobacco oil, the camphor tree bark, the pomegranate bark and the cacumen biotae mixed extract can effectively shorten the deinsectization realization and achieve higher timeliness.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.